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As an essential mechanical component, a rolling bearing can exhibit multiple failure modes that may occur independently or in correlation with one another. A reliability analysis method that meticulously accounts for the interdependencies among various bearing failure modes is presented in this paper. The examination of wear and fatigue failure mechanisms in rolling bearings is carried out using the Physics of Failure (PoF) approach. By considering the influence of uncertain variables, the limit state functions for individual failure modes are formulated through the application of stress‐strength interference theory. In the context of wear failure, the limit state function is derived using working clearance as the characteristic quantity. On the other hand, the limit state function for fatigue failure is constructed with a focus on fatigue damage accumulation. The Copula function is used to characterize the relationship between wear failure and fatigue failure, and a reliability calculation model for rolling bearings is developed, considering the correlation between these failure modes. Ultimately, the proposed method is utilized to assess the reliability of bearings under two different sets of test conditions. The feasibility of this method is confirmed through test data, demonstrating its effectiveness in predicting bearing reliability. Through the application of this method, engineers can optimize bearing size parameters, select appropriate initial clearances, and enhance the reliability design of bearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Potassium sorbate (PS) is widely utilized as a food preservative. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster was employed as a model organism to assess the potential toxicity of PS. We examined the impacts of PS on several physiological parameters and discovered that higher levels of PS intake significantly affected the majority of these parameters. Additionally, our data suggest that excessive PS consumption may alter the differentiation trajectory of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), possibly via the down-regulation of Notch signaling. These results offer important insights into the potential health risks associated with PS exposure. Potassium sorbate (PS) is a preservative widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. Improper and careless use of PS can lead to various health issues and potential environmental problems. Drosophila is capable of making rapid and sensitive responses to stress or other stimuli. Here we utilized Drosophila as a model organism to evaluate the potential toxicity of PS. Our study revealed that PS ingestion reduced the lifespan and fecundity of Drosophila. In addition, excessive PS ingestion led to cell apoptosis and ROS accumulation in the midgut. Furthermore, PS intake also enhanced the mitophagy of midgut cells. Strikingly, PS affected the cell differentiation progression as well, leading to the production of more enteroendocrine (EE) cells. We further demonstrated that the expression of notch (N), a vital player in intestinal stem cell (ISC) differentiation, was down-regulated in the midgut. This indicates that the differentiation progression was affected potentially by repressing the N expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we use a dataset collected from eBay to analyze buyers' negative feedback ratings and associated textual comments. By using text mining and sentiment analysis, we identify seven key reasons why buyers post negative ratings: communication problems, shipping issues, product defects, payment refund problems, customer service issues, fraud, and product packaging. These seven reasons can be classified into three categories: (1) sellers' malicious fraudulence toward buyers, (2) factors likely under the control of sellers, and (3) factors not likely under the control of sellers. Drawing on these categories, we discuss how sellers can effectively reduce the likelihood that buyers post negative ratings. The most important things sellers can do to avoid negative ratings are to improve communications with buyers and to handle product shipping issues properly. In addition to posting the reasons for their negative ratings of sellers, the textual comments associated with negative feedback ratings may also include direct denouncements of sellers, such as buyers explicitly claiming a seller is a liar and warning other buyers to be cautious of the seller. We collectively call these actions buyers' denouncements against sellers. These denouncements have significant negative impacts on sellers' reputations. In this study, we use correlation analysis and logistic regression to investigate the factors that motivate buyers to denounce sellers. We find that, of the three categories of reasons why buyers post negative ratings, sellers' malicious fraudulence toward buyers and factors likely under the control of sellers are more likely to lead to buyers' denouncements of sellers, while factors not likely under the control of sellers are not likely to lead to buyers' denouncements of sellers. In addition, buyers' strong negative sentiment is also more likely to lead to their denouncement of sellers. Managerial implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glypicans are closely associated with organ development and tumorigenesis in animals. Dally-like (Dlp), a membrane-bound glypican, plays pivotal roles in various biological processes in Drosophila. In this study, we observed that an excess of Dlp led to the malformation of legs, particularly affecting the distal part. Accordingly, the leg disc was shrunken and frequently exhibited aberrant morphology. In addition, elevated Dlp levels induced ectopic cell death with no apparent cell proliferation changes. Furthermore, Dlp overexpression in the posterior compartment significantly altered Wingless (Wg) distribution. We observed a marked expansion of Wg distribution within the posterior compartment, accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the anterior compartment. It appears that excess Dlp guides Wg to diffuse to cells with higher Dlp levels. In addition, the distal-less (dll) gene, which is crucial for leg patterning, was up-regulated significantly. Notably, dachshund (dac) and homothorax (hth) expression, also essential for leg patterning and development, only appeared to be negligibly affected. Based on these findings, we speculate that excess Dlp may contribute to malformations of the distal leg region of Drosophila, possibly through its influence on Wg distribution, dll expression and induced cell death. Our research advances the understanding of Dlp function in Drosophila leg development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid homeostasis is crucial for growth and development of organisms. Several cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) are involved in lipid metabolism. The function of Cyp311a1 in the anterior midgut as a regulator of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster has been demonstrated, as depletion of Cyp311a1 caused larval growth arrest that was partially rescued by supplying PE. In this study, we investigated the role of CYP311A1 in wing morphogenesis in Drosophila. Using the GAL4‐UAS system, Cyp311a1 was selectively knocked down in the wing disc. A deformed wing phenotype was observed in flies with reduced Cyp311a1 transcripts. BODIPY and oil red O staining revealed a reduction of neutral lipids in the wing disc after the depletion of Cyp311a1. In addition, we observed an enhanced sensitivity to Eosin Y penetration in the wings of Cyp311a1 knocked‐down flies. Moreover, the reduction of CYP311A1 function in developing wings does not affect cell proliferation and apoptosis, but entails disordered Phalloidin or Cadherin distribution, suggesting an abnormal cell morphology and cell cortex structure in wing epithelial cells. Taken together, our results suggest that Cyp311a1 is needed for wing morphogenesis by participating in lipid assembly and cell homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To quickly calibrate the discrete element parameters (DEP) of pellets with different moisture content (MC), the angle of repose (AoR) was taken as the target value to conduct experimental and simulation research on gluten pellets. The experimental method obtained the intrinsic parameters, contact parameters, and AoR of pellets with different moisture content. The parameters differed significantly under different moisture content (p < 0.05). The AoR‐MC model (R2 = 0.987) was established. The Plackett–Burman test, steepest ascent test, and center compound test were carried out to establish the AoR‐DEP model (R2 = 0.969) with a relative error less than or equal to 2.07%. The MC‐DEP model was derived, and verified by the side plate lifting method with a relative error less than or equal to 2.58%. This paper provides a new method for calibrating DEP under different moisture content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mantle plumes modify geophysical and geochemical features along and across mid‐ocean ridges. Despite abundant studies of plume‐ridge interaction, few geodynamic studies focus on the Arctic Ocean. The Jan Mayen Hotspot is located at the southern end of the Mohns Ridge and offset by the Jan Mayen Transform Fault, which creates an ideal area to study plume‐ridge‐transform fault interaction at the ultra‐slow spreading ridge. Through analyzing geophysical observations, we revealed that the M factor and crustal thickness decrease and the axial relief increases northeastward along the Mohns Ridge within a distance of ∼370 km to the Jan Mayen Hotspot. Combined with modeling results, the properties of the Jan Mayen plume were estimated, which has a diameter of 75 km, a temperature anomaly of 100°C, and a buoyancy flux of 0.22 Mg/s. Additionally, our model results indicate that the along‐ridge dispersion of plume is slightly enhanced by the transform fault. Plain Language Summary: Mid‐ocean ridges are places in the ocean where the Earth's plates separate and new crust is formed. Hotspots and oceanic transform faults modify the seafloor topography and chemical composition of the igneous crust. In the Arctic Ocean, the Mohns Ridge is located between 70°N and 74°N, with the nearby Jan Mayen Hotspot and Jan Mayen Transform Fault to the south, making it a natural laboratory for the investigation of plume‐ridge‐transform interaction. This study combines different types of geophysical data and numerical models to quantify how plumes and transform faults influence the seafloor topography and crustal structure at the ultra‐slow spreading Mohns Ridge. The findings reveal that the Jan Mayen mantle plume affects the seafloor togography and crustal thickness over several hundreds of kilometers along the Mohns Ridge. The presence of an oceanic transform fault above the mantle plume reduces the thermal anomaly for adjacent ridge segments but enhances the along‐ridge plume dispersion. By comparing the observed data with model results, the properties (i.e., diameter, temperature amomaly, and buoyancy flux) of the Jan Mayen mantle plume were estimated. This study provides valuable insights into how plumes and transform faults modify ridge spreading processes. Key Points: The crustal thickness, axial relief, and the fraction of magma emplacement to plate separation (M) along the Mohns Ridge are calculatedNumerical models estimate a diameter of 75 km, a thermal anomaly of 100°C, and a buoyancy flux of 0.22 Mg/s for the Jan Mayen mantle plumePlume‐ridge interactions affect along‐ridge topography and crustal thickness, and transform faults could enhance the interaction distance [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

eBay's feedback rating system is currently widely used. In this study, we examine if eBay's feedback rating types (+, 0, −) are consistent with the sentiments reflected in the textual comments posted by buyers. Using the datasets collected from eBay, we test the hypotheses associated with the research questions at three levels: individual, group, and total. Overall, the types of feedback ratings are consistent with the sentiments embedded in the textual comments. However, there are some issues with eBay's current feedback rating system: (1) at the individual level, the correlation coefficient between the ratings and the comments' sentiments is low at 0.4311 (<0.5). While the three types of ratings are symmetric, like (−1, 0, +1), buyers' textual comments have asymmetric distributions of sentiments among these three types. The three simple feedback ratings (+, 0, −) are not fully aligned with the sentiments revealed in the textual comments posted by buyers. We propose expanding the current three ratings into five ratings such as (−2, −1, 0, +1, +2), which might help remedy the issue. We contribute to the literature by tapping into this less-studied area vital to improving the online marketplace's efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of water in Earth's processes and the need to understand the water cycle between the surface and the deep mantle. It focuses on the hydration of oceanic lithosphere, which occurs through fractures on the seafloor and along faults and pores. The article explains the two stages of hydration, the methods used to estimate the extent of hydration, and the distribution of water input rates in different tectonic settings. It concludes that subduction zones play a critical role in mantle hydration and emphasizes the importance of understanding the dual hydration of oceanic lithosphere for plate dynamics and the water cycle of Earth. [Extracted from the article]

Automatic weight detection is an essential step in the factory production of Pleurotus eryngii. In this study, a data set containing 1154 Pleurotus eryngii images was created, and then machine vision technology was used to extract eight two-dimensional features from the images. Because the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eryngii have different shapes, these features were less correlated with weight. This paper proposed a multidimensional feature derivation method and an Attention-Based CNN model to solve this problem. This study aimed to realize the traditional feature screening task by deep learning algorithms and built an estimation model. Compared with different regression algorithms, the R2, RMSE, MAE, and MAPE of the Attention-Based CNN were 0.971, 7.77, 5.69, and 5.87%, respectively, and showed the best performance. Therefore, it can be used as an accurate, objective, and effective method for automatic weight measurements of Pleurotus eryngii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is one of the most widely used conductive polymers extensively applied in the electronic components and optoelectronic devices. However, its insolubility and infusibility lead to a complex in situ polymerization process or a sacrificed conductivity in practice. In this paper, we report a facile preparation method of high conductive PEDOT sheets through in situ oxidative polymerization of stable EDOT one‐pot prepolymerization solution. The prepolymerization solution is solvent‐free and can be maintained for more than 30 days at about −20°C. The oxidative polymerization can be triggered by temperature to achieve uniform PEDOT sheets with a thickness ranging from 200 nm to over 2 mm. The thick PEDOT sheets obtained through a mold exhibit a conductivity over 1 S cm−1 depending on the thickness. For electromagnetic shielding applications, PEDOT sheets of 500 μm thickness are capable of shielding over 99% of electromagnetic waves. The thin PEDOT sheets prepared by spin‐coating display high conductivity with a sheet resistance as low as 110 Ω sq−1, superior to those prepared by the oxidant‐triggered oxidative polymerization. The temperature‐triggered oxidative polymerization can be a promising strategy for the preparation of high conductive PEDOT sheets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In Drosophila melanogaster, DmCDA1 (Serpentine, serp) and DmCDA2 (Vermiform, verm) are responsible for wing cuticle barrier establishment. In the embryo, Serp is produced in the fat body and is transported to tracheal cells to participate in tracheal development. To answer the question as to whether these CDAs in the wing tissue were produced locally or derived from the fat body, we inhibited serp and verm specifically in the fat body or the wing primordia. We revealed that Serp and Verm were produced autonomously in the wing, and repression of these two enzymes caused wing defects locally. They fulfill their function in the wing independently of their expression in fat body. This study advances the understanding of the role of chitin deacetylase in insect wing development. Group I chitin deacetylases (CDAs), CDA1 and CDA2, play an essential role in cuticle formation and molting in the process of insect wing development. A recent report showed that trachea are able to take up a secreted CDA1 (serpentine, serp) produced in the fat body to support normal tracheal development in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. However, whether CDAs in wing tissue were produced locally or derived from the fat body remains an open question. To address this question, we applied tissue-specific RNAi against DmCDA1 (serpentine, serp) and DmCDA2 (vermiform, verm) in the fat body or the wing and analyzed the resulting phenotypes. We found that repression of serp and verm in the fat body had no effect on wing morphogenesis. RT-qPCR showed that RNAi against serp or verm in the fat body autonomously reduced their expression levels of serp or verm in the fat body but had no non-autonomous effect on the expression in wings. Furthermore, we showed that inhibition of serp or verm in the developing wing caused wing morphology and permeability deficiency. Taken together, the production of Serp and Verm in the wing was autonomous and independent of the fat body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discrete element method (DEM) simulation is widely used to calculate the flow characteristics of particles under certain conditions. DEM input parameters are the prerequisite for the accurate modeling and simulation of particles. In order to explore the mechanical properties and breaking behavior of gluten pellets, the pellet material property, the interaction parameters of pellet–stainless steel and pellet–pellet (multi-spheres autofill model), and the bonding parameters (bonded particle model) were calibrated by experiments and simulations. The relative error of the angle of repose, the breaking displacement, and the breaking force between simulated and experimental values were 0.28%, 0.66%, and 1.09%, respectively. Based on the regression analysis in the Design-Expert 12.0 software, the relationships among evaluating indicators (angle of repose, breaking displacement, and breaking force) and their corresponding influencing factors were established, respectively. Meanwhile, the feasibility of applying the interaction parameters of the multi-spheres autofill model to the bonded particle model was verified through the free fall test, the inclined plane sliding test, and the inclined plane tumbling time test. This work can provide a reference for the design of pellet feed processing and transportation machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, various tests are conducted to reveal the factors influencing the tearing resistance of coated fabrics. Firstly, a uniaxial shear test is designed to study the effect of the stress level on the shear modulus of P-type and G-type coated fabric membranes. The effect of crack length on trapezoidal test results is investigated and the influence of elongation at break on single-edge notched tearing strength and trapezoidal tearing strength is studied by conducting uniaxial cyclic tension. Then a statistical method is included to study the correlation between the single-edge notched tearing strength, trapezoidal tearing strength, tensile strength of single yarn, elongation at break, and shear modulus of four types of P-type and four types of G-type membrane materials. At the same time, the relationship between the single-edge notched tearing strength and crack length is fitted using four tearing theories, and the Thiele formula was proved to be the most recommended theory. Finally, the applicability and limitations of the single-edge notched tearing strength and trapezoidal tearing strength as evaluation indexes of tearing resistance of membrane materials are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial variations in mantle melting induced by the Iceland hotspot have strong effects on meso‐scale mantle upwelling and crustal production along the slow‐spreading Reykjanes Ridge. The ridge‐hotspot interaction has been recorded by diachronous V‐shaped ridges and troughs extending away from Iceland, as well as by changes in ridge segmentation since 37 Ma. The origins of V‐shaped structures are widely debated, while the causes of the gradual erasion of ridge segments bounded by transform faults are rarely investigated. Through 3D time‐dependent geodynamic modeling, this study investigates how the hotspot‐induced regional mantle melting variations affect ridge segmentation. Periodic temperature perturbations were initially imposed beneath the melting zone to trigger buoyant upwelling cells, which corresponded to the offset ridge segments at the Reykjanes Ridge. Iceland hotspot‐induced long‐wavelength mantle melting variations were generated by applying a regional linear temperature gradient at the bottom of the model domain. Modeling reveals a two‐stage evolution of the buoyant upwelling cells that characterizes the segmentation transition at the Reykjanes Ridge. In Stage 1, the regional mantle melting variations trigger along‐axis pressure‐driven mantle flow, which alters the segment‐scale mantle upwelling and promotes the propagation of segment boundaries away from the region with relatively higher mantle temperature. In Stage 2, buoyant upwelling cells are destroyed progressively as along‐axis mantle flow dominants, leaving V‐shaped diachronous boundaries between the segmented and unsegmented crust. These results advance our understanding of the effects of long‐wavelength mantle melting variations induced by regional mantle heterogeneities on ridge segment evolution at slow‐spreading ridges. Plain Language Summary: Mid‐ocean ridges and hotspots are two important places of oceanic crustal accretion. Iceland is the most prominent example of an on‐ridge hotspot and thus the Reykjanes Ridge is an ideal location to investigate ridge‐hotspot interaction. The ridge segments offset by transform faults are gradually erased from north to south at the Reykjanes Ridge since approximately 37 Ma. This study uses 3D time‐dependent geodynamic models to investigate whether this phenomenon is caused by the hotspot‐induced regional mantle melting variations. In the model, offset ridge segments are approximated by a set of convective cells beneath a linear ridge axis. Regional mantle melting variations arise from the temperature gradients that prescribed at the base of the model. Modeling reveals that the regional mantle melting variations cause an along‐axis mantle flow, which interacts with the segment‐scale convective cells, generating a two‐stage evolution that is comparable to the segment evolution at the Reykjanes Ridge. Stage 1 is characterized by systematic propagation of segment boundaries. Stage 2 is characterized by progressive destruction of ridge segmentation from high‐ to low‐temperature part, leaving a distinct boundary between the segmented and unsegmented crust. This study provides new insights into ridge segmentation evolution of slow‐spreading ridges as affected by ridge‐hotspot interaction. Key Points: Evolution of ridge segmentation under ridge‐hotspot interaction is simulated by 3D time‐dependent geodynamic modelingHotspot‐induced long‐wavelength mantle melting variations generate along‐axis pressure‐driven mantle flowInteractions between along‐ridge mantle flow and buoyant upwelling cells cause segment propagation and destruction at the Reykjanes Ridge [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]