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The first ideas generation of the architectural project has traditionally been carried out through sketches. Even though in recent decades models have also gained importance, their use is still restricted due to the time required to make them and their difficulty of realization when it comes to complex forms. This research argues that the use of concept models mediated by two disruptive technologies such as Immersive Virtual Reality and 3D Printing can foster the cognitive process of the ideation and configuration of the first architectural ideas. To demonstrate the hypothesis, a pilot study was conducted with 32 architecture students; 17 students created models manually and 15 used IVR and 3DP. Two observation sheets were used to collect information. The results show that in the process of generating ideas, the group that used the two technologies developed three of the four characteristics of the cognitive process better, being an undecided and slow process, then fast and continuous, and finally perceptual for reinterpretation. Also, both technologies complemented each other and favored the development of an intense, tactile, and phenomenological experience. Finally, regarding the model as a product, a better result was found in 3D-printed models in terms of two of the three characteristics, three-dimensionality complexity and materiality. It is concluded that these two technologies ideally complement each other as mediating tools for three-dimensional architectural thinking, making it possible to use the conceptual models as the first generators of the architectural idea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reflects on my doctoral research in architectural modeling. As a long-practicing architect, the findings here are shaped by my years of training and practice. My doctoral research examines analog and digital architectural modeling in their capacity of supporting the critical design process. The doctoral research, as design-driven research, studies the qualities of analogue and digital modeling by developing a composite hybrid analog-digital architectural modeling technique. Connecting analog and digital modeling is achieved using electronics and simple microsensor technology (fig. 1). Sensors connect digital models with manual manipulations and environmental data. This data then animates the digital model, which responds and creates feedback that can be considered by the designer. In this way, model and designer can communicate and make decisions based on the model's reactions to its context and manual manipulations. By animating digital media while providing haptic access, hybrid modeling seeks to establish digital making as non-verbal dialogue between maker and made; designer and model. The dialogue between them is the subject of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary architectural Design, we speak of a parametric structural design. A design that integrates new functionalities crossed with the spatial geometry of objects. It has been considered structured because it optimizes combinations that integrate a minimum of materials and data to respond to functions, uses, and needs more adapted to a society in perpetual evolution. Parametric modelling allows the usability of new materials and the integration of new structures in a variety of design environments. This transdisciplinary research explores aspects of parametric modelling, a design method that creates digital models using algorithms and parameters. By focusing on the material and immaterial plurality of the designed space, this method enables the generation of complex and innovative forms that would be difficult to realize with traditional methods. Then, from a position that redefines the city as both a "medium" city and an "object" city, we explore the fields of application and novelties that are investing in the fields of architectural construction. We examine how parametric modelling can be used to create more sustainable and environmentally efficient buildings, using parametric processes, and optimizing the use of space. In this sense, our research will lead us to identify two aspects of parametric modelling: the conceptual parametric design aspect and the constructive parametric design aspect. Finally, the results of our research enable us to identify a design process that demonstrates the feasibility of using parametric modelling to generate viable, sustainable, and versatile spaces.

The first ideas generation of the architectural project has traditionally been carried out through sketches. Even though in recent decades models have also gained importance, their use is still restricted due to the time required to make them and their difficulty of realization when it comes to complex forms. This research argues that the use of concept models mediated by two disruptive technologies such as Immersive Virtual Reality and 3D Printing can foster the cognitive process of the ideation and configuration of the first architectural ideas. To demonstrate the hypothesis, a pilot study was conducted with 32 architecture students; 17 students created models manually and 15 used IVR and 3DP. Two observation sheets were used to collect information. The results show that in the process of generating ideas, the group that used the two technologies developed three of the four characteristics of the cognitive process better, being an undecided and slow process, then fast and continuous, and finally perceptual for reinterpretation. Also, both technologies complemented each other and favored the development of an intense, tactile, and phenomenological experience. Finally, regarding the model as a product, a better result was found in 3D-printed models in terms of two of the three characteristics, three-dimensionality complexity and materiality. It is concluded that these two technologies ideally complement each other as mediating tools for three-dimensional architectural thinking, making it possible to use the conceptual models as the first generators of the architectural idea.

In contemporary architectural Design, we speak of a parametric structural design. A design that integrates new functionalities crossed with the spatial geometry of objects. It has been considered structured because it optimizes combinations that integrate a minimum of materials and data to respond to functions, uses, and needs more adapted to a society in perpetual evolution. Parametric modelling allows the usability of new materials and the integration of new structures in a variety of design environments. This transdisciplinary research explores aspects of parametric modelling, a design method that creates digital models using algorithms and parameters. By focusing on the material and immaterial plurality of the designed space, this method enables the generation of complex and innovative forms that would be difficult to realize with traditional methods. Then, from a position that redefines the city as both a "medium" city and an "object" city, we explore the fields of application and novelties that are investing in the fields of architectural construction. We examine how parametric modelling can be used to create more sustainable and environmentally efficient buildings, using parametric processes, and optimizing the use of space. In this sense, our research will lead us to identify two aspects of parametric modelling: the conceptual parametric design aspect and the constructive parametric design aspect. Finally, the results of our research enable us to identify a design process that demonstrates the feasibility of using parametric modelling to generate viable, sustainable, and versatile spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today’s economic environment, issues of improving the efficiency of the activities of corporate integrated associations of enterprises have been significantly actualized, as this form of management allows to effectively counteract a wide range of threats from the market environment. The author’s hypothesis was the possibility of simultaneously considering the processes of integration and logistization of the activities of corporate association. At this, optimization of the parameters of financial relations was considered, within the terms of the proposed financial mechanism, as a key factor in ensuring the coherence of characteristics of the logistic system, distributed among the various owners of corporate rights. The article is aimed at developing the theoretic-methodical provisions as to formation of a financial mechanism for supporting the logistization processes in the activities of corporate integrated associations of economic entities. Achieving the aim of the article is based on the methodology of describing corporate architecture and using the architectural modeling language ArchiMate. Using this methodological base, the article defines the logic of allocating the impact of the financial mechanism on the logistization processes in the activities of corporate integrated association; a model of communication between elements of the financial mechanism and the mechanism for managing the flow processes of corporate association is developed; a functional structuring of the financial mechanism for logistization of the activities of corporate integrated association is proposed; a system of the operation objectives of the mechanism is defined and specifics of the deployment of the information-analytic provision of its work are substantiated. A separate constituent of the research was a substantiation of the logic with regard to formation of a project to reorganize the financial mechanism of logistization of the activities of corporate association.

We present a set of methods to improve the automation of the parametric 3D modeling of historic roof structures using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds. The final product of the TLS point clouds consist of 3D representation of all objects, which were visible during the scanning, including structural elements, wooden walking ways and rails, roof cover and the ground; thus, a new method was applied to detect and exclude the roof cover points. On the interior roof points, a region-growing segmentation-based beam side face searching approach was extended with an additional method that splits complex segments into linear sub-segments. The presented workflow was conducted on an entire historic roof structure. The main target is to increase the automation of the modeling in the context of completeness. The number of manually counted beams served as reference to define a completeness ratio for results of automatically modeling beams. The analysis shows that this approach could increase the quantitative completeness of the full automatically generated 3D model of the roof structure from 29% to 63%.

While working on architectural visualizations, the software developer often has to work with graphic designers who create models in a different environment what can cause many complications. For this reason, it is very important to have some guidelines which can protect both the developer and the designer from commixing mistakes. The paper presents a list of such guidelines based on the authors’ experience. The reader can treat the paper as a first step in the development of a service based on cloud computing that verifies the correctness of graphical data in urban visualizations.

With the development of the society, green and sustainable manufacturing becomes an important issue. Also, the need for architectural modeling's diversity becomes more urgent. To ensure environmental protection and low cost, the five-axis hot cutting system independently designed and developed by the authors is applied to the processing of EPS model. During the fabricating process, there is an interference problem between molybdenum wire and the blank. To solve this problem, the optimized algorithm is proposed in this paper. As to equipments, advanced servo motors are used to replace the existing stepper motors to ensure effective and accurate fabrication. The research is mainly composed of four parts: first, analyzing the local topological relationship with algorithm of grouping matrix; second, obtaining section contours by defining a group of discriminant conditions and outside normal vectors; third, acquiring all the cutting paths by summing every section contour in the same direction; and finally, fabricating the 3D model by using the algorithm researched. The experimental results show that EPS can be efficiently applied to fabricate architectural model with the algorithm we proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interoperability, flexibility, and adaptability are key requirements of future internet applications. Convergence of contents, services, things, and networks can be the cornerstone to fulfill these requirements. Such rich and composite sources of data and processing capabilities call for a structured and formal approach that manages and capitalizes heterogeneous information. This paper proposes an approach to the run-time composition of software system architectures, aimed at addressing goals revealed at runtime. The approach is grounded on a graph model characterized by two control levels: a metamodeling and an instantiation level. At metamodeling level, the graph describes facts that may occur in a scenario of interest, processes triggered by facts, and technologies available to execute processes. The actual occurrence of facts, together with the deriving processes and technologies, is managed at instantiation level, with reference to an application-specific model. In particular, the paper proposes an algorithm that determines an optimal way to manage a change in the run-time environment, by finding a minimum cost path in the model. The usefulness of the proposed approach and its applicability to actual scenarios have been validated in an example smart home environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper advocates a new component-aware framework to reconstruct 3D architecture from a single image. Different from existing work, our motivation is to obtain a complete set of semantically correct 3D architectural components, which enables part reusability towards rapid model reproduction and facilitates model variation. The core of our system is a novel algorithm to adaptively segment repeated curved stripes (e.g., roof tiles, building floors) into individual elements, based on which 3D dimensions as well as architectural components are derived from a single image. Specially for Chinese architectures, we further devise an interactive method to identify outer columns based on user-specified inner columns. Finally, 3D components are generated and shape rules are derived, from which the buildings and their variants are constructed. Our new component-aware framework minimizes the use of data resource (i.e., one single image) and emphasizes component utility during rapid 3D architecture reproduction by advocating a component-aware approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent shape retrieval and interactive modeling algorithms enable the re-use of existing models in many applications. However, most of those techniques require a pre-labeled model with some semantic information. We introduce a fully automatic approach to simultaneously segment and detect similarities within an existing 3D architectural model. Our framework approaches the segmentation problem as a weighted minimum set cover over an input triangle soup, and maximizes the repetition of similar segments to find a best set of unique component types and instances. The solution for this set-cover formulation starts with a search space reduction to eliminate unlikely combinations of triangles, and continues with a combinatorial optimization within each disjoint subspace that outputs the components and their types. We show the discovered components of a variety of architectural models obtained from public databases. We demonstrate experiments testing the robustness of our algorithm, in terms of threshold sensitivity, vertex displacement, and triangulation variations of the original model. In addition, we compare our components with those of competing approaches and evaluate our results against user-based segmentations. We have processed a database of 50 buildings, with various structures and over 200K polygons per building, with a segmentation time averaging up to 4 minutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper summarizes the results of research on the modeling and implementation of advanced planning and scheduling (APS) systems done in recent twenty years. It discusses the concept of APS system - how it is thought of today - and highlights the modeling and implementation challenges with which the developers of such systems should cope. Some from these challenges were identified as a result of the study of scientific literature, others - through an in-depth analysis of the experience gained during the development of real-world APS system - a Production Efficiency Navigator (PEN system). The paper contributes to APS systems theory by proposing the concept of an ensemble of collaborating algorithms. Straipsnis apibendrina pastarųjų 20 metų tyrimus moderniųjų planavimo ir tvarkaraščių sudarymo (PTS) sistemų modeliavimo ir realizavimo srityje. Jame aptariama šiuolaikinė tokių sistemų koncepcija ir išryškinamos modeliavimo ir realizavimo problemos, kurias tenka spręsti jų kūrėjams. Dalis šių problemų suformuluota analizuojant literatūrinius šaltinius, kitos - apibendrinant autorių patirtį, įgytą kuriant pramoninio pobūdžio sistemą „Gamybos efektyvumo navigatorius". Darbo mokslinis naujumas yra bendradarbiaujančių algoritmų ansamblio samprata. Tai svarbus indėlis į besiformuojančią PTS sistemų teoriją. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a method for automated generation of building layouts for computer graphics applications. Our approach is motivated by the layout design process developed in architecture. Given a set of high-level requirements, an architectural program is synthesized using a Bayesian network trained on real-world data. The architectural program is realized in a set of floor plans, obtained through stochastic optimization. The floor plans are used to construct a complete three-dimensional building with internal structure. We demonstrate a variety of computer-generated buildings produced by the presented approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a real-time interactive visual editing paradigm for shape grammars, allowing the creation of rulebases from scratch without text file editing. In previous work, shape-grammar based procedural techniques were successfully applied to the creation of architectural models. However, those methods are text based, and may therefore be difficult to use for artists with little computer science background. Therefore the goal was to enable a visual work- flow combining the power of shape grammars with traditional modeling techniques. We extend previous shape grammar approaches by providing direct and persistent local control over the generated instances, avoiding the combinatorial explosion of grammar rules for modifications that should not affect all instances. The resulting visual editor is flexible: All elements of a complex state-of-the-art grammar can be created and modified visually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess differences between object and pixel-based reservoir modeling techniques, ten realizations of a UK Continental Shelf braided fluvial reservoir were produced using Boolean Simulation (BS) and Sequential Indicator Simulation (SIS). Various sensitivities associated with geological input data as well as with technique-specific modeling parameters were analyzed for both techniques. The resulting realizations from the object-based and pixel-based modeling efforts were assessed by visual inspection and by evaluation of the values and ranges of the single-phase effective permeability tensors, obtained through upscaling. The BS method performed well for the modeling of two types of fluvial channels, yielding well-confined channels, but failed to represent the complex interaction of these with sheetflood and other deposits present in the reservoir. SIS gave less confined channels and had great difficulty in representing the large-scale geometries of one type of channel while maintaining its appropriate proportions. Adding an SIS background to the Boolean channels, as opposed to a Boolean background, resulted in an improved distribution of sheetflood bodies. The permeability results indicated that the SIS method yielded models with much higher horizontal permeability values (20–100%) and lower horizontal anisotropy than the BS versions. By widening the channel distribution and increasing the range of azimuths, however, the BS-produced models gave results approaching the SIS behavior. For this reservoir, we chose to combine the two methods by using object-based channels and a pixel-based heterogeneous background, resulting in moderate permeability and anisotropy levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a set of methods to improve the automation of the parametric 3D modeling of historic roof structures using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds. The final product of the TLS point clouds consist of 3D representation of all objects, which were visible during the scanning, including structural elements, wooden walking ways and rails, roof cover and the ground; thus, a new method was applied to detect and exclude the roof cover points. On the interior roof points, a region-growing segmentation-based beam side face searching approach was extended with an additional method that splits complex segments into linear sub-segments. The presented workflow was conducted on an entire historic roof structure. The main target is to increase the automation of the modeling in the context of completeness. The number of manually counted beams served as reference to define a completeness ratio for results of automatically modeling beams. The analysis shows that this approach could increase the quantitative completeness of the full automatically generated 3D model of the roof structure from 29% to 63%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flow simulation studies require an accurate model of the reservoir in terms of its sedimentological architecture. Pixel-based reservoir modeling techniques are often used to model this architecture. There are, however, two problem areas with such techniques. First, several statistical parameters have to be provided whose influence on the resulting model is not readily inferable. Second, conditioning the models to relevant geological data that carry great uncertainty on their own adds to the difficulty of obtaining reliable models and assessing model reliability. The Sequential Indicator Simulation (SIS) method has been used to examine the impact of such uncertainties on the final reservoir model. The effects of varying variogram types, frequencies of lithology occurrence, and the gridblock model orientation with respect to the sedimentological trends are illustrated using different reservoir modeling studies. Results indicate, for example, that the choice of variogram type can have a significant impact on the facies model. Also, reproduction of sedimentological trends and large geometries requires careful parameter selection. By choosing the appropriate modeling strategy, sedimentological principles can be translated into the numerical model. Solutions for dealing with such issues and the geological uncertainties are presented. In conclusion, each reservoir modeling study should begin by developing a thorough quantitative sedimentological understanding of the reservoir under study, followed by detailed sensitivity analyses of relevant statistical and geological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]