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La notion d’interaction, au cœur de bien des approches issues de la tradition pragmatiste, a nourri des recherches focalisées sur la production d’intelligibilité mutuelle entre les participants, notamment dans le champ du travail. Cet article montre qu’il convient toutefois d’introduire une notion plus large, celle de transaction, pour caractériser l’apport de cette tradition. On peut alors saisir son actualité pour l’étude du travail dans nos sociétés de plus en plus technicisées et cosmopolites, en particulier là où l’activité est menée par des participants aux perspectives radicalement hétérogènes. Trois études de cas, respectivement dans un centre de contrôle du trafic téléphonique, dans des services pédiatriques de soins d’urgence, et sur la pratique de jeux en ligne au travail, viennent illustrer notre argument. Ces activités collectives ne reposent pas sur la recherche d’une intelligibilité mutuelle, mais sur des formes de vie développées au travail, des rencontres ponctuelles entre des engagements qui s’ignorent et l’entrelacement par chacune des activités. Dans ces contextes, la notion de transaction permet de porter une attention particulière au rôle des dispositifs numériques, des tiers et des rythmes personnels. Interactions are at the core of major sociological approaches to work. Some lines of research have accounted for cooperative interactions which include incommensurate perspectives. But in this paper we argue that the notion of interaction needs to be extended to the notion of transaction, deeply rooted in the American pragmatist tradition. The shift from interaction to transaction allows for the study of a wide range of situations lacking mutual intelligibility. The main feature is the coexistence of cooperation and entirely asymmetric perspectives, not just for a transitory moment in the process of exchanging perspectives, but as a stabilized configuration. Such contexts mean coming to terms with long unnoticed but increasingly topical components of work environments. To understand these singular forms of coordination with minimal interactions, we need to take account of the role of digital artifacts, third-party participants, and personal rhythms. This paper draws on three studies conducted in different organizational settings: a telephone traffic control center, a pediatric emergency room, and on-line gaming in the workplace. Where collective activity does not mean mutual intelligibility, the analysis turns to the various forms of life developed in the process of work, the intermittent encounters between commitments that are unaware of one another, and the workers confronted with their multiple spaces of activity

Recent literature in the field of workplace learning has stressed the importance of guidance in the process of learning in and through professional practice. Workers do not learn just by performing specific tasks on their own; they learn when they are afforded adequate resources and when more experienced workers are able to share their knowledge and skills and assist them in their work. In line with this body of research, the paper addresses the topic of guidance at work in a specific context: that of early childhood educators and their vocational training. By adopting an interactional and multimodal perspective on guidance, the paper investigates how training opportunities are provided by vocational trainers in the context of internships. What constitutes the "practice of mentoring" in early childhood institutions? Through what sorts of "action" is guidance provided and accomplished in naturally occurring educational practices? How do mentors provide students with participation opportunities in naturally occurring educational practices? How do students engage with these participation opportunities and make use of the resources afforded to them? In this paper, three distinct interactional participatory configurations are identified, defined and empirically illustrated: i) observation, ii) joint-action, and iii) display. These configurations stress both the complexity and the dynamic nature of training practices as they occur under working conditions., Cette contribution se propose de mieux comprendre comment s'y prennent des éducatrices de l'enfance endossant une fonction tutorale en situation de travail pour encadrer et accompagner des étudiantes stagiaires au début de leur formation professionnelle. à partir d'une analyse interactionnelle et multimodale de l'activité qui se déploie en situation de travail avec des groupes d'enfants, nous proposons d'étudier comment se construisent et se négocient entre les tutrices et les stagiaires des configurations de participation dans ces situations de formation sur la place de travail. Comment, dans le quotidien du travail dans les institutions de la petite enfance, les tutrices aménagent-elles pour les stagiaires des opportunités de participation à des activités éducatives ? Et réciproquement, comment les stagiaires investissent-elles ces opportunités de participation pour expérimenter, sous différentes facettes, les compétences professionnelles visées dans leur parcours de formation ? L'analyse d'enregistrements audio-vidéo réalisés en situation naturelle de travail permet de mettre en évidence trois configurations de participation principales : a) l'observation, b) la co-animation, c) la monstration. Ces configurations permettent de cerner non seulement des formats interactionnels différents, mais encore les transformations dynamiques qui caractérisent la relation tutorale dans les conditions réelles de son accomplissement.

The paper deals with André Breton’s reevaluations of magic in the context of his radical views on liberty and ethical autonomy. While the tensions between magic and religion within Occidental history have often been resolved by the proscription of magic or by its subordination to the supernatural ends of revelation, André Breton regards magic as an instrument of revendication of human capacities that have remained forgotten or unknown as a consequence of their usurpation and alienation by established religion. Thus, in Breton’s surrealist conception of magic, transcendence is denied in the name of a plenitude to be realised within the immanent life of man and by means of exclusively human powers. The following paragraphs articulate the development of the subject matter: 1) André Breton’s libertarian ontology; 2) neither God nor Satan; 3) the end of Christianity and the «new human age»; 4) the philosophical heritage of the nineteenth century; 5) the apertures of experience; 6) the occultist presence and the Abbé Constant 7) Marx, Rimbaud and surrealism’s proper dimension; 8) the alchemy of the verb: between desire and transformation; 9) surreality and history; 10) critique of religion and demythologized magic.

This paper highlights the theological reasons behind exorcism: indissociable from the duty and ministry of the exorcist, they can be seen in both the tradition and the present-day mission of the catholic Church. There will be a brief semantic and historical introduction, which will enable us to perceive the «instituted ministry» of the exorcist as being a temporary stage before diaconal and presbyterial ordainment and the exorcist’s official duty as entrusted by the diocese bishop.Four linked aspects then follow, which allow us to understand the specific responsibility of the exorcist, not only in the logic of Christian revelation, but also with relation to the existential, individual or social fields.— The theological aspect will deal directly with the relationship between the traditional assertions on Satan and the question of evil, this from the Trinitarian viewpoint on salvation.— The spiritual aspect considers the fight against evil as coming from and being inside spiritual life, a place of tension and progress.— The ethical and anthropological aspect enables us to question the significance of exorcism from psychological and cultural angles.— The pastoral aspect attempts to redefine, by taking into account the above factors, the particular function of the exorcist’s duty in the Church’s role of healing.

The paper relates the author’s experience as scholar and Roman Catholic bishop in Brazil, a country where magic and the evil eye are widespread. The Bible teaches clearly that the Devil exists as a personal being, and that magic and sorcery are contrary to human dignity and should be avoided. A special problem concerns the covenant with the Devil, where the sorcerer commits his or her soul to the Devil and receives back extraordinary powers, particularly the power to harm (and even to kill) others through magical means. From the 14th to the 18th century Catholic and Protestant theologians have considered the covenant with the Devil both possible (i.e. the Devil personally accepts the covenant) and effective (i.e. after the covenant the sorcerer acquires the power to harm his or her enemies). This theological conclusion has unfortunately been used to support the witch hunt both in Catholic and in Protestant countries. Today most Christian scholars who accept the existence of the Devil as a biblically established fact nevertheless deny, for psychological and theological reasons, that a covenant with the Devil is possible and effective. The harm caused by the sorcerers, when it exists, could be explained in other ways. The author believes that the idea of a real and effective covenant with the Devil (still maintained in some pentecostal and charismatic circles) is theologically faulty and should be abandoned.

Resorting to magic is at the very heart of Japanese religiosity: Buddhism and Shintoism have both developped specific techniques to obtain thisworldly benefits (genze riyaku). The new religious movements, called shin-shinshûkyô, that have recently emerged in big cities, display a large spectrum of manipulationist rites. Described as «users’ religions», these movements show a specific relationship between their founders (or foundress)-usually a highly charismatic figure-and their followers. This paper attempts to present, through selected examples, the appeal for a new religious involvment that seems to attract many young people who can discover for themselves the efficacy of a technique accessible for individuals.

Cet article propose une synthèse des travaux (principalement francophones) en sciences de l’intervention, sciences de l’éducation et STAPS centrés sur le corps, la féminité et la masculinité dans le domaine de l’EPS (tout en débordant celui-ci parfois). Il vise à apporter une contribution à la réflexion sur la prise en compte du corps et des dimensions féminines et masculines dans les APSA, afin d’en faire des leviers d’accès à la réussite des élèves. Nous espérons ainsi qu’il deviendra un support de formation initiale et continue des enseignants d’EPS. This paper synthesizes studies – French-speaking studies in most cases – in sport science and education science which focus on body, masculinity and femininity inside the Physical Education field. Its purpose is to contribute to reflection on body consideration and taking into account masculinity and femininity in physical activities to make them way of success for pupils. We hope it will serve for PE teachers’ ab-initio and further training.

La chambre occupe un statut privilégié dans le corpus d’ouvrages pour la jeunesse dont elle cristallise d’autant mieux les représentations qu’elle est intrinsèquement liée à la problématique du sujet pour qui elle représente tout à la fois un cadre de vie et un refuge d’imaginaire. L’objet de cette présentation sera de dresser un état des lieux des représentations de la chambre dans le roman français contemporain pour adolescents, en montrant comment cet espace ambigu, entre observation et imagination, constitue une sorte de photographie en temps réel des tendances de la société française tout autant qu’une camera obscura où se révèle un peu de l’inconscient collectif des jeunes générations. The bedroom occupies a privileged place in the corpus of works for children, in which representations are all the more solidified because they are intrinsically linked to the subject’s theme, representing both a living environment and a refuge of the imagination. The purpose of this paper will be to draw up an inventory of bedroom representations in contemporary French novels for teenagers, showing how this ambiguous space, in observation and imagination, constitutes a sort of real-time photograph of the trends of French society as much as a camera obscura where a little of the young generation’s collective unconscious is revealed.

National audience; "...but names will never hurt me?" Psychiatric classification and stigmatization In the International Classification of Diseases revision process, proposed modifications of a classificatory term can be justified by arguments about stigma. To shed light on whether scientific terms affect stigmatization, this paper presents Goffman's classical model and recent findings from its operationalization in surveys on public attitudes towards people with mental illness. It then turns to the use of classification in the diagnostic process. Finally, it draws on socio-linguistics and Hacking's concept of classificatory looping to suggest how changing psychiatric categories might affect stigma.; Dans le processus de révision de la CIM-10, les propositions de modification de termes classificatoires peuvent être justifiées par des arguments portant sur leurs effets stigmatisant. Cela invite à interroger la relation entre catégories scientifiques et stigmatisation. Pour éclairer cette question, cet article présente le modèle classique de Goffman et les résultats récents d'enquêtes d'opinion s'en inspirant sur les attitudes envers les personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux. Il s'intéresse ensuite à l'usage des classifications dans les pratiques diagnostiques. Dans un dernier temps, en s'appuyant sur la sociolinguistique et sur le concept de boucle classificatoire de Hacking, l'article suggère comment une modification des catégories psychiatriques pourrait affecter la stigmatisation.

This papers offers a discussion of the current revision of the "Gender identity disorder" (DSM IV-R) and Transsexual (ICD 10) categories. It takes into account the critiques of stigmatization elaborated in the field of human rights, some of the arguments elaborated by a transgender NGO, and the preliminary results of a survey carried in France about transgender health and identities (Inserm). A general consensus appears about the withdrawal of the GID diagnosis category in favor of a category that would allow maintaining transgender conditions in the area of pathology and medicalization. The possibility to maintain a Trans category in the ICD, in a non-psychiatric category is proposed. A controversy between the use of terms such as "gender variance" and "gender incongruence" appears in the field. Ongoing discussions fall out of the field of psychiatry and public health and take into account arguments from the field of human rights and against discrimination and also from the field of public health and access to medical services in order to maintain coverage of transgender conditions in existing insurance and social security systems. The analysis shed lights on the contradictions arising between the medicalization of transgender conditions and the necessity of protection of human rights., Cet article analyse les processus de révision des catégories diagnostiques de "troubles de l'identité de genre" (DSM IV-R) et de transsexualisme (CIM 10) en prenant en compte la critique formulée dans le registre des Droits de l'Homme concernant la stigmatisation des personnes trans, certaines des critiques formulées par des associations trans en France et les premiers résultats d'une enquête de l'Inserm sur l'identité de genre parmi la population trans. Ces analyses font apparaître un consensus général pour abandonner le terme de "troubles de l'identité de genre" au profit d'un autre terme qui permette de maintenir les conditions trans comme une forme de pathologie qui doit être médicalisée d'une façon ou d'une autre. Une possibilité de maintenir une catégorie trans dans le champ de la CIM, dans une rubrique non-psychiatrique est proposée. Les discussions font apparaître une controverse entre les termes de gender variance et de gender dysphoria. Par ailleurs, les débats en cours dépassent le champ de la psychiatrie avec la nécessité de garantir et de développer les droits humains des personnes trans et celle de garantir l'accès aux soins médicaux et leur prise en charge par les systèmes d'assurance-maladie. L'analyse de la révision des diagnostics trans met en lumière les contradictions associées à la médicalisation de expressions de genre et la protection des droits humains.