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Copyright of Simone de Beauvoir Studies is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Addressing the underrepresentation of works by Italian Istrian writers within Italian literary tradition, the present article investigates the representation of identity and otherness as a result of exile in the rich and sophisticated memoirs of Anna Maria Mori (Pola, Italy – now Pula, Croatia, 1936). Her complex experience as an Istrian exile caused in her what writer Enzo Bettiza calls ‘exeità’, the condition of an ‘ex’ with a total loss of identity caused by the lack of a stable geographical community centre to identify with. Indeed, exile significantly altered Mori’s perception of her identity, which, together with the experience of war, triggered a sense of restlessness and the search for belonging that accompanied her throughout her life. What emerges is that although Mori’s outlook is strongly Italian, her ‘Italianness’ is supranational in the sense that it is mediated not by romanità, as it is the case for the majority of Italians, but rather by a nostalgic sense of venezianità, originating from a long tradition of Venetian rule in Istria. Her identity is further forged by slavness, derived from the Istrian rural hinterland inhabited mainly by Slovenians and Croatians who had an influence on the Italian communities living along the coast; and by the legacy of the Austro-Hungarian empire that ruled in Istria after the demise of la Serenissima. Mori’s memoirs, therefore, are the site of a reflexivity that sheds light on the complex feelings of an author caught between the simultaneous dimensions of an Italo-Slavic and Austro-Hungarian consciousness. Her nostalgic works give voice not only to her own story and feelings, but also to the stories and feelings of hundreds of thousands of Italian exiles, whose hardships are lost in the official narratives. Mori does for Istria what James Joyce did for Dublin. She offers a kaleidoscopic portrait which recreates, with painful precision, the sights, sounds, and smells of a lost world, where readers are constantly confronted by enduring issues related to the representation of the self and the other, marginality, and vulnerability.

This paper focuses on the discourse about the Other in a group of Catholic missionaries by starting from the analysis of the magazine Le Missioni Cattoliche. Published by the Lombard Seminary for Foreign Missions, later Pontifical Institute for Foreign Missions (PIME), the magazine has been collecting the chronicles and accounts of mission life for decades, presenting it in a completely new way to the general public. The analysis focuses, in particular, on the discursive transformations that affect those more radical ‘Others’ that are represented by ethnic and linguistic minorities in non-European contexts. Through the analysis of the missionary reports over a period ranging from 1872 to 1962, the transformation that the categorization of these others undergoes between the end of the nineteenth century and the Second Vatican Council is highlighted. This, to demonstrate that this shift is indispensable for the formulation of the many innovations introduced by the Second Vatican Council, as well as for the general spirit that characterizes this Council. For a very long time, the understanding of these specific human communities passes through the category of ‘the savage’, which is rich in specific traits and a precise function and is not only characterized by a series of constantly repeated traits but defines, by antithesis, the identity of the same European, rational, civilized, and Christian man. By its own nature the savage is, and remains, irreducible to the civilized European. The passage to the new global Catholic community announced by Council II requires a new categorization and understanding of those same groups. At level of missionary narrative, a progressive reclassification of the otherness takes shape, the category of savage slowly disappears in favor of the already widely used category of ‘the poor’. The once savage, can, in his capacity as a poor man, be included in that unprecedented global and multifaceted ‘us’, which usually starts right from Vatican II.

Specific positioning strategies in William Golding’s Lord of the flies are applied in relation to the anthropocentric epistemological paradigm, typical of Western culture. The plot aims at exploring the answer to the following question: what could happen to a group of British educated boys, if they landed on a desert island and had to survive far away from civilization? The outcome turns out to be negative: after an initial situation of balance, the boys perform a series of violent actions which culminate with murder; this is the starting point for a reflection on human nature which seems inherently evil and free to emerge in the absence of social rules. This paper aims at problematizing the position of the text to human nature. At first, the opposing categories of ‘white Western man’ and ‘black savage man’ will be outlined; thanks to the analysis of the meanings of the concept of ‘human’, we will show the conservative vision underlying the text that does not undermine the anthropocentrism or the trust in human nature. The opposition between white Western man and black savage man is connected to two opposing social models, one stemmed from the other after a crisis: a group of rebels, in fact, violently split up from the society based on the Western model. In conclusion, we can affirm that the struggle between civilization and barbarism shifted in the text from an external to an inner dimension, where evil is inborn the cultural subject (Westerners turn into savages). Lastly, such transformation is a defence strategy, to protect the concept of ‘human’ and, specifically, of ‘white Western man’, who is not simply criticized because of his nature but because of his degeneration towards other identities, which are discriminated due to stereotypes.

This essay aims to reflect upon the relationship between sociology and literature, focusing on the crucial issue—on which scholars have not yet reached agreement—of whether literary sources can be interpreted using a sociological approach. This will include examining literary representations of the world of work, looking more specifically at the case of Italy. Like other western countries—but perhaps to an even larger extent—Italy has recently seen significant transformations in the world of work (workplace flexibility, temporary employment, fragmentation of the labour force) and, over the past 20 years, has produced a large number of literary texts that depict these changes and attempt to interpret them.

The article aims to understand how a convergence occurred in Uruguay throughout the 1960s between the efforts to modernize the social sciences and the discussion of university modernization at Universidad de la República. The notion of “modernization" used recovers the meanings attributed to it by the protagonists of these processes. The article seeks to clarify the ideas that guided these modernizing programs, their agendas, their agents and the institutional forms they adopted. It emphasizes the existence of alliances based on convergences of ideas, but also of interests and opportunities in a limited academic environment such as Uruguay. To this end, the network of interpersonal links that facilitated the cooperation between actors with different professional careers and party affiliations is shown.

Erving Goffman never wrote about tourism and it may, therefore, seem strange to reflect, on the occasion of the centenary of his birth, on his contribution to the study of a phenomenon that he never undertook to study directly. However, many lessons can be drawn from Goffman’s sociology towards an understanding of certain central issues in tourism. By the way he captured and analyzed society in the 1950s and 1960s, Goffman offers to all those who undertake to study tourism a fundamental basis for understanding its genesis. Much of what he taught us remains unexploited, and the links that can be established between Goffman and tourism are therefore mostly indirect. However, making Goffman’s sociology a source of inspiration for the study of tourism is not far-fetched. A pioneer of the anthropology of tourism was heavily indebted to Goffman. Indeed, the tour de force that Dean MacCannell achieved in 1976 with the publication of The Tourist was largely inspired by Goffman and his unique approach to sociology. By returning with its author to the Goffmanian part of The Tourist we pay homage to what tourist studies owe to the author of The Presentation of Self. As we continue the study of tourism, what, from Goffman’s sociology, opens up a new of set of problems? Not just those that, have already influenced our analyses through Dean MacCannell, but also some that remain, a source for new interrogations 40 years after Erving Goffman’s death.

The influence of the sociologists of the Belle Époque on the work of André Gide seems more or less ignored. Within his work, two books directly echo the sociological thought of the end of the 19th century and in particular the theories of Gabriel Tarde: L’Immoraliste and Les Caves du Vatican. These two novels have in common the fact of proposing an interrogation on crime and on the criminal, which could be fed by the books devoted to the question by Gabriel Tarde (La Criminologie comparée, 1886, La Philosophie pénale, 1890). Gide indeed uses ideas from sociology to develop morality, because he aims to defend and justify homosexuality, a question posed indirectly in L’Immoraliste and Les Caves du Vatican. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the beginning of the 20th century, the prevalence of infectious diseases has gradually decreased, while that of chronic diseases is growing exponentially: this phenomenon is known as the epidemiological transition. In this context, health is no longer to be understood as merely the absence of disease, but as a complex whole, also described as 'environmental health'. Indeed our daily interactions with the environment in the long term are what will influence our health. Chronic diseases are difficult to cure: public health should no longer focus solely on care, but also and especially on prevention. Diet is particularly interesting in this context: it can be considered as a notable part of our interaction with the environment, on which each individual has the power to act, although under the constraint of economic factors and conditioned by culture. It can also be beneficial in preventing the development of chronic diseases, or harmful in promoting it. There are links between the growth of social inequalities in health and the prevalence of chronic diseases; the most socially disadvantaged populations are the most affected and are the greatest consumers of ultra-processed foods, which are identified as causing chronic diseases. Sociology can contribute to these issues by providing insight into the food and nutrition representations and behaviors of socially disadvantaged populations, ultimately to help develop appropriate prevention campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Des travaux ont mis en évidence la contamination et l'impact des résidus médicamenteux, et plus largement des produits de soins, sur les milieux aquatiques et le milieu marin. La réduction à la source des micropolluants d'origine pharmaceutique, liés à la consommation de médicaments ou à une mauvaise gestion des médicaments non utilisés, s'avère nécessaire. Au regard de leur rôle déterminant dans la consommation de médicaments, il est important de comprendre comment les médecins et les pharmaciens appréhendent la problématique des micropolluants liés aux médicaments et comment ils intègrent, ou pensent pouvoir intégrer, cet enjeu dans leurs pratiques de prescription et de délivrance de médicaments. Sur la base d'une enquête sociologique qualitative auprès de médecins et de pharmaciens de ville du bassin d'Arcachon, cet article montre la faible « préhension » de l'enjeu des micropolluants liés aux médicaments par ces professionnels, que ce soit en termes de représentations ou d'intégration de l'enjeu dans leurs logiques de prescription, de conseils et de délivrances de médicaments aux patients et/ou aux consommateurs. Les contraintes et les déterminants (économiques, sociologiques, organisationnels, symboliques et culturels, etc.) qui structurent les relations médecin-patient et pharmacien-patient-consommateur en France n'apparaissent pas propices à une réduction de la consommation de médicaments, qu'ils soient prescrits ou autoconsommés. En dépit de représentations et pratiques professionnelles différentes, pour tous les médecins et pharmaciens interrogés, les enjeux de santé (bénéfice-risque pour le patient ou le consommateur) demeurent toujours prioritaires sur les objectifs de préservation de la biodiversité. Cela étant, des professionnels enquêtés soulignent l'existence de marges de manœuvre pour « optimiser » la consommation de médicaments. Une relation médecin-patient moins contrainte par le temps et moins organisée autour de la prescription de médicaments, et une relation pharmacien-médecin-consommateur où les pharmaciens ont un rôle plus reconnu et actif dans la gestion des traitements médicamenteux des individus, semblent des pistes intéressantes pour réduire les micropolluants médicamenteux à la source sans compromettre l'atteinte des objectifs de santé. Dans ce cadre, notre analyse montre que l'action publique devra accompagner l'écologisation des pratiques des professionnels de santé, à commencer par les informer et les former davantage sur les risques environnementaux et potentiellement sanitaires liés à l'abondante consommation de médicaments. D'autres leviers et outils devront aider les professionnels à intégrer davantage les enjeux de préservation du vivant dans leurs logiques professionnelles. It is now recognized that residues of medication and more generally of care products (such as sunscreens) contaminate and disturb aquatic and marine environments. The reduction of the source of micropollutants related to drug consumption, including improved management of unused drugs, is needed. In view of their role in the consumption of these drugs in France, we conducted a qualitative sociological study of physicians and pharmacists in private practice around the Arcachon basin (Gironde, France) to examine their understanding of this issue of micropollutants from drug consumption and how they integrate this issue into their drug prescription and dispensing practices. Our study shows their lack of consideration of this issue in general, including in terms of representations, and their failure to integrate this issue into their logic of prescribing, advising, and dispensing drugs to patients and consumers. The constraints and determinants (economic, sociological, organizational, symbolic and cultural, etc.) that structure physician-patient and pharmacist-patient-consumer relationships in France do not help to reduce drug consumption, be it by professionals' prescriptions or by self-medication. Despite their different professional representations and practices, the physicians and pharmacists surveyed always prioritized health issues (benefit-risk for the patient or the consumer) over the objective of preserving biodiversity. Nonetheless, they underline the existence of leeway for "optimizing" drug consumption in relation to micropollutants. A physician-patient relationship less constrained by time and less organized around drug prescription and a pharmacist-doctor-consumer relationship where pharmacists have a more recognized and active role in the management of individual drug treatments seem to be interesting avenues toward reducing these micropollutants at the source without jeopardizing health goals. Action by public authorities should support the greening of health professionals' practices, at least by offering them more information and training about the environmental risks associated with the current abundant consumption of medications. Other levers and tools should help health professionals to further integrate the issues of preservation of living things into their professional logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The meeting between Immanuel Wallerstein and Fernand Braudel in the early 1970s was that of two men engaged in writing two books sharing, beyond their differences, at a different stage of their lives, the same ambition to think of history in the long-term on a world scale. A history that was meant to help us understand the present.

In recent years, the issue of housing hardship has reached levels, and taken on forms, comparable to those recorded in the sixties and the seventies. Since 2007, the domino effect of the financial-sector crisis, which quickly extended to the economy as a whole, and then became a pressing social problem, has heightened the demand for social housing, both in terms of emergency accommodations and in the so-called “grey area”. The Covid-19 pandemic exacerbated the situation, generating still more dire statistics. And yet, while in earlier decades the housing emergency was caused by a structural shortage in the stock of residential units, today the primary problem lies in the procedures dictated by the market for obtaining a home. From a disciplinary point of view, it is no longer just a question of planning and realizing a generic need for rooms per inhabitants, but of understanding in detail which houses to build for which families. The study of social housing, in the current phase of climate change, social-health emergency, economic recession, but also the relaunch of the post-pandemic that is mobilizing huge resources for our country, requires a renewed commitment to implement a strategy of structural reforms and tools aimed at achieving new housing policies. In this reference framework, the contribution, starting from the study of the problem in its various historical phases, intends to analyze the different regulatory, methodological and operational approaches, with the aim of highlighting the limits and criticalities, but also the evolutionary paths that could affect the production of social housing and the mitigation of housing hardship.

The research carried out over the last few years in Italy on the subject of homophobia and the consequent processes of exclusion and social stigmatization have highlighted contrasting trends. The percentage of those who perceive homosexuality as ethically permissible behavior has increased, but the occurrence of homophobic and heterosexist behaviors continues to represent a risk for homosexuals. Based on these reflections, the article illustrates the results of an activity carried out within the Hermes project, aimed at offering an analysis of territorial services and regional projects to combat gender-based stigmatization processes.

When C. P. Snow delivered the Rede Lecture at the Senate House of the University of Cambridge in 1959, the focal point of his speech was the academic specialization which has determined incommunicability and misunderstanding between scientists and humanists, the “two cultures”. The debate on the “the two cultures” is still open. In a constantly evolving cultural and technological scenario, research in the field of Digital Humanities and some applications of Machine Learning requires a new approach to the concept of «two cultures» as long as it also includes a reflection on the so-called third culture and on the new network of relations between sciences. In the following pages we will try to consider the extent of the hybridization of humanistic culture and scientific culture as a possibility to overcome the problem identified by Snow. The reconstruction of the theme as it was placed by Snow, with attention to its Italian reception in the philosophical field, will highlight two aspects: on the one hand, the centrality of science as language and its relationship with the social context; on the other, the relevance of the theme of spaces and places of knowledge. These aspects will lead to a “synthetic” idea of «third culture» as an element to be evaluated in future research.

This paper provides a general critical overview of “gender dysphoria” as a DSM-5 diagnostic category. Gender dysphoria refers to persistent psychological distress associated with the incongruence between the assigned gender at birth and gender identity in transgender people. Previous research suggests that people with gender dysphoria have a higher risk of psychiatric comorbidity than general population samples. There is evidence that stressful events related to discrimination, stigma and social exclusion against transgender people contribute to explain, at least in part, gender dysphoria and comorbidity in this population. Furthermore, pathologizing gender dysphoria, through the disease connotations of this diagnostic label, may increase stigma and discrimination towards transgender people.

While the presence of atheism in Turkish society is often reduced to an indicator of the evolution of religiosities, the concrete modalities of its manifestations have yet to be pinpointed. This article attempts to address this by acknowledging that a long-standing dynamic opposing the continuity of a denial to attempts at recognizing outsiders from the prevailing system of majority confessional assignation shapes the variation of the degree of exposure of atheist sensibilities. Relying on the theoretical framework of the sociological forms of recognition (objective, self, mutual), three social patterns are drawn from a field survey among a range of individuals: sceptics, non-believers, ambivalent atheists and so on. The first logic is the uncertain outcome of the social test to the normative gaze: the problematic situation, which may occur on a daily basis, whereby the suspicion or accusation of apostasy is circumvented, negotiated or confronted. The external signs of atheist sensibilities are thus labile insofar as they are displayed or concealed through the performance of oneself. Second, within a biographic timeframe, the ex post facto discovery of the inner signs of an atheistic sensibility occurs as a result of an awareness of being religiously illiterate for some, a social class attribute that distinguishes them from the mass of believers, or in the cleavage induced by a social mobility, either fantasized or achieved, for another part of the sample that stems from a pious background. Finally, I analyse the extent of mutual recognition based on the common denominator of an atheistic sensibility as largely dependent on the aspirations of an emerging associative movement. This movement, which is embodied in particular by the Association of Atheism (Ateizm Derneği), founded in 2014, transforms a sense of ostracization, i.e. denial of recognition, felt by some of the Godless into a motive for struggle. Despite the material, human and symbolic means it has put in place, this association appears condemned to marginality as its potential adherents benefit from competing resocialization networks.

This work looks at indigenous rap as a form of struggle and resistance of traditional peoples. Following is a counterculture current follows, which through a hybrid narrative of the Guarani and Portuguese languages, makes an increasing journey, recruiting new generations to join the struggles for the demarcation of indigenous lands. This musical style also brings denunciations of racism and prejudice against indigenous people by portraying the invisibility and/or hostility to which non-indigenous people in urban areas are subjected. This sociological essay seeks to present the forms of visibility of indigenous struggles, namely cultural production, narrative, social interaction and the formation of groups through the hip-hop musical style. We will see how the initiative of the first indigenous rap group in Brazil bear witness to the rise, organization and resistance of indigenous peoples in the defense of their lands.

Sociologicalworks are most of the times based on whatwecould call « classical » methods : interviews, direct observation, etc. Only a few choose to rely on historical investigations. This article willneverthelesstry to show 1) thathistory and sociology are two disciplines thatshare the sameepistemological basis, 2) thathistorycanbe of use to the sociologist and shade a new light on someproblems of our time, and 3) thathecanlegitimately, under certain conditions, investigate on a "paperfield".

This paper attempts to understand the scientific career of Henri Lévy-Bruhl, which took place in the first half of the Twentieth century, when French legal history was in construction (objects, methods). It tries to understand the consequences of the evolution of this discipline upon the career of Levy-Bruhl, who devoted his works to legal history and to sociology of law. It aims to show how, while being recognized, he also has been considered as an “heretic”, employing practices in contradiction with the dominant scientific representations.

The home is the ideal place for a domestic appropriation of space accompanied by delicately arranged layouts linked to daily existence and personal idiosyncrasies. Photographers have chosen to investigate these unstable and familiar environments. This is especially the case for François Hers (Intérieurs, 1981), Jean-Marc Tingaud (Intérieurs, 1991) or Hortense Soichet (Intérieurs. Logements à la Goutte d’Or, 2011). The first photographer takes middle distance shots with garish tones. The second uses close-ups to capture small-scale frail arrangements. The third associates shots of apartments with words from the inhabitants giving snippets of their life stories. The processes used by these photographers succeed in provoking a profound reflection on the vernacular arrangements of these interior spaces, where often inexpensive mass-produced objects are organised in an individual and changing syntax, linked to the “arts of making” of their inhabitants.

Due to digital technology, data production has grown exponentially, creating enormous enthusiasm within the scientific community for “big data”. This socio-technical phenomenon gives rise to dualities and conflicting attitudes in sociology: unlimited synchronic numerical data against classical data at risk of expiry, rigorous methodological process as opposed to a stagnation of the protocol. And has put in a vice the research techniques and their associated modes of resonance. In this article, from a consultation of the literature, three fundamental aspects will be subject to explore: the forced adjustment of the domain, the transformations of the methods of data collection, and the models of reasoning about the theory. In the outcome, the vast availability of digital data show how far the digital has invaded sociology by announcing the embarrassment of classical researchers facing big data, the obsolescence of traditional techniques and the change of models reasoning. Moreover, three models of interaction trace the ways of dealing with this digital derivative ranging from protection by the total refusal so that the discipline does not become digital, conservation manifested by a reserved acceptance by sociologists, finally, a trend of adoption under the pretext that digital technology transforms the functioning of societies and the ways of knowing about them.

The link between literature and society is inseparable with the literature being always a social process. The play analyzed in this study, Aye bi kolah aye ba kolah, written by Gholamhessoein Saedi, being a fine example of the Iranian society of the forties, provides a good opportunity to carry out an in-depth sociological study based on Bourdieu;s ideas.. Indeed, the district represented suffers from land inabilities that are related to the position of the agents and their capital as well as the habitus. This society, which is made up of agents belonging to different social strata, is doomed to decay and this tragic end is traced by the inhabitants themselves. Our goal is to find one or more answers to the following two research questions: 1) Despite the presence of agents from different social classes, why is it that such a society does not find a way out of the problem and is doomed to failure? 2) Under the influence of what individual and collective characteristics, does the destiny of social agents precipitate into declines? To answer these questions, we have made an attempt to study the structure of the society and its influential factors according to Bourdieu's sociological method. To do this, the careful study of the fundamental concepts of Bourdieusian sociology (i.e. habitus, field, and capital) will be the foundation of our analytical methodology. The class habitus, which makes it possible to understand the logic of individual and collective actions, influences the way of life and determines, in a remarkable way, the acquisition of different capitals. The latter, covering different forms, determines the position of agents in the society. Thus, the analysis of the above factors could guide us to discover the causes of the collapse of the society represented in this play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents the discussion on Andrée Fortin revolving around themes of modernity, commitment and identity including crossroads of sociology, literature, history, anthropology, urban planning, art and film studies.

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Copyright of Enfances, Familles, Generations is the property of Enfances, Familles, Generations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)