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The paper aims to analyse the street-level bureaucrats’ (SLBs) perception of President Bolsonaro’s administration’s effects on Brazilian environmental policy, emphasising deforestation prevention and control in the Legal Amazon1. Besides the policy dismantling concepts, a theoretical model integrating three complementary analytical dimensions of SLBs’ action – institutional, individual, and relational – was employed in a case-oriented investigation of environmental bureaucrats – Ibama Inspectors and ICMBio Agents. The inquiry used Systematic Content Analysis on interviews with these agents involved in deforestation inspection and control activities. The empirical results confirm the hypotheses that an active dismantling process has been ongoing since the beginning of Bolsonaro’s administration; however, the perceptions of Ibama inspectors seem more intense, especially regarding the institutional dimension. The research illustrates the adverse effects of this process on the agencies and bureaucratic capacities, generating paralysis and setbacks in deforestation inspection and control policies and posing serious risks to the environmental protection in the country. This article contributes to the advancement of knowledge about the strategies that a far-right populist government deliberately adopted to reduce the role of the State, weaken professional bureaucracy, dismantle policies and favour particular interests of groups.

The urgency of solving contemporary problems of efficiency and preservation of environmental quality necessitates the formation of a new environmental policy. The article outlines the main theoretical approaches to the study of environmental problems within the framework of theoretical concepts of economics. The point of view of the concept, system of tools and models of environmental policy is presented. The authors view environmental policy as social transformation from the perspective of a three-dimensional implicit analytical framework. It is shown that nature is integrated into the service sector through the creation of a new apparatus. This process has led to a profound institutionalization, commoditization and homogenization of the relationship between nature and society.

Sharing the land in today’s day to the unprecedented level of change in the environmental situation are some of the global problems of humanity. Ensure environmental sustainability of the world community in this process, men the opportunity to live in a natural environment to create a comfortable, In the years of independence, important measures regarding the analysis of the environmental situation and environmental policy began to be implemented in the countries of Central Asia . A number of the world’s scientific research and environmental protection are related to various aspects of the environmental situation in the research center. In this research, the shift of the ozone layer, pollution of the oceans of the world, in the loss of the fertile layer of the soil go, be cut out of a tropical forest, desertification, reduction of fresh water sources and biodiversity, the increase of household waste, chemical and neutralization of toxic substances, such as for the study of issues such as the environmental crisis. In this article analyzed ecological policy Central Asian republics in the years of independence.

With the European Green Deal, the EU aims to implement new growth models that are climate neutral. Industry and ecosystems in the EU are undergoing a rapid green and digital transition. Cooperation between industry, public authorities, social partners, and stakeholders is envisaged in European policies,along the transition path of each ecosystem. In the tourism ecosystem, eco-entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in promoting responsible travel and ensuring the preservation of local ecosystems and cultures. One of the key strategies for eco-entrepreneurs in the travel industry is to constantly innovate and look for new ways to reduce travel's environmental footprint. To achieve the set goals, the EU focuses on the implementation of policies that promote the conservation of natural resources, the preservation of cultural heritage and support for local communities, activities also important for the development of tourism. The aim of the present study is to present the potential of European eco-policies and indicators for measuring the effect of their implementation to achieve the priorities set in European policies and their impact on the tourism ecosystem.

The peculiarities of the current situation with the environmental crisis require careful study of the waste recycling of previously accumulated and newly generated solid municipal waste. The use of technological developments and solutions for environmental conservation meets the most stringent ecological standards. These demands are due to the special natural and climatic status of Sevastopol. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the use of effective and simple method of sorting solid waste –hydraulic separation of solid household waste as one of the types of industrial waste separation. The article presents its advantages and possible application in Sevastopol. This advanced technology is stated to be effective in waste recycling as it provides separating unsorted waste and utilizing almost 80 percent of the volume. A feature of this method is the use of equipment manufactured for the paper industry for sorting and processing solid waste. In conclusion it is noted that the particularbenefit of the hydraulic separation is in its relative simplicity, as well as economic and environmental profits.

The article deals with the features of management of environmental processes and the specifics of the law enforcement of environmental standards in the resource-producing region in the context of modern socio-economic transformations. The solution of environmental safety problems is due to the presence of an integrated approach to the management of legal entities involved in production and information processes in the region. The position is substantiated an integrated approach, including mechanisms for managing environmental and social processes should be formalized in a regional environmental doctrine with an effective and relevant regulatory framework. The key principle of such a regulatory system is the ability to take into account and coordinate the main trends of global processes, regulatory requirements and development goals of the state, as well as the characteristics of the region and the needs of its inhabitants. The issues of law enforcement of environmental standards and their impact on the ecosystem in order to cause the least harm to environment, health and genetic fund of person (society), levelling its consequences are considered. The need to take into account the sociocultural characteristics and value orientations of the inhabitants of the region when developing regulatory practices is emphasized. It is substantiated the regional environmental doctrine with relevant normative content will be a system-forming factor ensures the practical implementation of mechanisms for effective regulation of the activities of subsoil use entities and the development of safe infrastructure in theresource-producing region.

Social Responsibility (CSR) is considered a means of steering actions undertaken in the service of sustainable development, and meeting the needs of present and future generations. To do this, companies adopt the principle of precaution and solidarity between generations and territories. The protection and well-being of consumers are far-reaching issues that are integrated into the social practices of companies, with commitment to the objectives by the ticket of the quality and environmental policy. By analyzing the annual data from 2012 to 2017, we find that the ENIEM by the note of its policy constitutes a continuous improvement in terms of quality and conformity of its products which ensures a broad satisfaction and protection of the consumer, also it contributes to the preservation of the environment in terms of pollution and generation of hazardous industrial waste. In terms of results, the observation shows that the measurement indicators are clearly positive, which puts the company in the process of continuous improvement. La Responsabilité Sociale (RSE) est considérée un moyen de pilotage des actions entreprises au service du développement durable, et faire face aux besoins des générations présentes et futures. Pour cela, les entreprises adoptent le principe de précaution et de solidarité entre les générations et les territoires. La protection et le bien-être des consommateurs sont des questions d’une grande envergure qui sont intégrées dans les pratiques sociales des entreprises, avec engagement aux objectifs par le billet de la politique qualité et environnementale. En analysant les données annuelles de 2012 à 2017, nous constatons que l’ENIEM par le billet de sa politique constitue une amélioration continue en termes de qualité et conformité de ses produits qui assure une large satisfaction et protection du consommateur, aussi elle contribue à la préservation de l’environnement en termes de pollution et génération des déchets industriels dangereux. En termes de résultats l’observation montre que les indicateurs de mesure sont nettement positifs, ce qui inscrit l’entreprise dans la démarche d’amélioration continue.

Whether pursuing the breadth of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals or delivering joined-up approaches within a single environmental domain, policy objectives, policy design and policy implementation should cohere vertically and horizontally. However, policy coherence remains a challenge to implement. The limited empirical scholarship on policy coherence tends to focus on policy documentation and/or the outcomes, with little attention to individual agency or social processes involved. Furthermore, there is little discussion of the normative dimensions of policy coherence and the political aspects of individual agency, indicating the need for political ecology. We conducted an empirical study within four UK catchment (watershed) partnerships, using critical interpretive policy analysis to enrich the interface between political ecology and environmental policy. We explored who practices policy coherence and how; what motivates those investing their energy into these practices; their constraints and the contradictions arising. We found that the appetite and ability to support policy coherence depends on individual agency as much as partnership structures, which are themselves situated in technocratic regimes of policy implementation. Within these regimes, agents presented as apolitical and enabling, making it challenging to research the political and social processes of policy coherence. A political ecology lens highlights how power is involved in these voluntary initiatives, potentially shoring up existing privilege inscribed into riparian habitats and their resources. Our contribution therefore responds to and amplifies the critique of traditional presentations of integrated water resource management devoid of politics.

Environmental effects between European countries and Ukraine have been at the heart of numerous discussions. These include issues of long-range transboundary air pollution problems, protection measures of sea and transboundary rivers, safety of nuclear power stations, reducing of harmful emissions in the atmosphere, endangered species of wild flora and fauna, international panels on climate change. The article highlights the environmental situation of the Southern Bessarabian region of Ukraine. The steps of the country in promoting international and worldwide environmental policy, concerning co-operation with the other Danubian countries are pointed out. Important issues in environmental policy, including environmental protection requirements and directions for the future are provided.

To cope with global climate change, a growing number of countries have formulated carbon neutrality schedules. In this context, it is increasingly important for governments to design and implement the policy package to achieve this goal. This paper studies on the economic incentives of environmental policy on firms’ investment in the adoption of new abatement technologies, providing policymakers with more understandings and facilitating the improvement in policy development. The main findings are as follows. First, the economic incentive of environmental policy on abatement technology adoption is ambiguous and it changes with different realistic conditions. Second, the behavior of firms’ investment decisions for different types of abatement technologies under the same environmental policy is distinct. Third, the level of privatization has a positive incentive effect on the level of the abatement technology under taxes regulation. Finally, some key research questions for the future are provided.

The legal regulation of environmental policy in the Russian Federation is carried out by a number of institutions and organisations, the management process of which in practice proves to be fragmented and uncoordinated. The functioning of this system, which lacks internal unity, leads to larger crises at the social, economic, and international levels. In today's increasingly globalised environment, environmental law seeks new ways of consolidation and international cooperation, which can only be achieved through the internal integration of legal institutions. Examining the shortcomings of the existing legal system, identifying ways to address them, and identifying mechanisms for integration will lead to positive effects in addressing environmental issues, both nationally and internationally.

The goal of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of the environmental taxes and emissions trading in achieving cleaner production, that is, higher production per unit of emissions in the European Union (EU). The hypothesis of the paper is that the combined use of taxes and emission permits yields synergistic benefits in addition to their individual contributions. The paper uses panel analysis on the EU27 data from 2005 to 2012. The analysis does not robustly find positive effects from the interaction of these policy instruments, but it confirms that there are no negative ones. Additional interesting results are that, on average, (i) the effects of both instruments on production cleanliness are more beneficial at the regulated industries than at the national level, (ii) emissions trading is more effective than taxes, (iii) both instruments are more effective in the EU15 than in the EU12, and (iv) crisis did not significantly affect production cleanliness in the EU.

In 2016 the United Kingdom (UK) voted in a referendum to leave the European Union (EU). Whilst the environment did not feature significantly in the referendum campaign it has emerged as a major focus for the UK Government as it prepares for Brexit. Since the UK joined the EU in 1973, its approach to environmental policy-making has been profoundly shaped by processes of Europeanisation. Consequently, disentangling the UK from the environmental acquis communautaire will be a huge undertaking. Whilst the Government has committed to the pursuit of a ‘Green Brexit’ there are on-going concerns that Brexit will lead to weaker environmental ambition and governance. It may also produce policy divergence across the UK as the environmental sector is devolved and has become a site of constitutional conflict over the powers of the devolved nations of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. A once stable policy area characterised by a broad cross-party and cross-national consensus therefore is, post-Brexit, increasingly likely to become a focus for constitutional and party political conflict and competition.

By the 21st century, the problem of environmental protection in the context of globalization, having gone beyond the framework of one country or one region, has an impact on the entire planet. On the path to sustainable development in the world, the United Nations calls on the countries of the world to agree on solving environmental problems and follows the path of uniting their strengths and capabilities for creative work. At the 63rd session of the UN General Assembly, held in 2009, it was especially emphasized that maintaining harmony on planet Earth in order to achieve fair proportionality between the economic, social and environmental demands of the present and future generations is relevant. Socio-political relations for the protection and improvement of the environment are studied in a number of higher educational institutions and research centers around the world. In particular, at the research center and university of Wageningen (Netherlands) (Wageningen Universit and Research), at the University of Bonn in Germany (University of Bonn), at the Center for Environmental History of the University of Elabuga (Russian Federation, Republic of Tatarstan), at Peking University (Chinese People’s Republic) scientific research is conducted in the following areas: imbalances between man and nature as a threat to the ecosystem, rational use of natural resources, practical implementation of eco-innovations to achieve sustainable development, improvement of organizational and legal mechanisms for the implementation of public environmental control, features of the development of world environmental historiography.

Russia has the world’s richest natural capital. It holds 6% of the world’s oil reserves, 17% of natural gas, 18% of coal, 15% of iron ore, 4% of copper, 10% of nickel and 17% of rare earth metals. Also important are renewable resources, which have gained strategic importance in the 21st century. About 20% of the world’s fresh water is located in Russia (mostly in Lake Baikal) and 20% of the world’s forest resources. Russia accounts for about 9% of the world’s arable land, but this area has decreased by more than 12% since 1990. Despite the fact that the catch of fish resources has decreased by about half since the end of the Soviet era, Russia ranks 6-7th in the world in this indicator and has shown the highest growth rate in the world over the last decade following reforms in the fisheries regulatory sector. Fishing catch. But more importantly, the ecological capacity of the Russian ecosystem significantly exceeds the ecological footprint of the Russian economy, making Russia one of the world’s largest environmental contributors.

In order to prevent the risk of serious damage to the environment which is uncertain due to current scientific and technical knowledge, the precautionary principle has been established under Article 30, paragraph 8, of law No03-10 of 19 July 2003. In this study, we will address the legal requirements to apply the precautionary principle, the difficulties facing the judiciary as well as the moral and natural persons in its application and then the research on the legal mechanisms to activate precautionary principle.

In this paper we conduct a systematic literature review with the aim of understanding the effectiveness of environmental policy instruments, in particular, command and control, marketbased instruments and voluntary schemes, in promoting eco-innovation. This study analyzes the information presented in selected papers, mainly from peer-reviewed journals, covering the period 2005-2012. The sample is based on 40 papers traced through a keyword search in Scopus database, representing the main academic journals related to the subject. A few more sources were added after reviewing the list of references from the main papers. The literature reviewed adopts different approaches and pursues several objectives to understand the relationship between policy instruments and eco-innovation. We find overall evidence that stringency is a key feature of policies for determining the effects of environmental technological change. It is argued that command and control instrument boosts eco-innovation, but continuity in investments depends more on the expected severity of future regulation. Empirical studies confirm that market-based instruments promote more incremental innovation and diffusion of existing technologies than radical innovation. In general, instruments based on economic incentives need to be complemented with stringent controls to be more effective. We conclude that complementarities between measures focused on developers and demanders are necessary in order to foster eco-innovation

Abstract This interdisciplinary article draws from the radical ideas of global political ecology (GPE), environmental politics, ecological economics and the sociological analysis of social movements. It seeks to help bridge the research gap regarding non-state actors' (NSAs) influence on the role of the nation-state and the United Nations in global political ecology and environmental policy, including emission reductions, such as antideforestation measures, and environmental justice. We consider NSAs as consisting of two heterogeneous global coalitions: a) civil society organizations (CSOs) and environmental non-governmental organizations, and b) peak corporate organizations with green economy objectives, here denominated green business organizations, representing transnational corporations (TNCs). After a review of prior studies, we present a version of an advocacy coalition framework; identify a timeline of changes in UN architecture and simplified NSA influence categories. We only begin to test very broad hypotheses on relative agency and to compare NSA narratives with UN documents. We show that the architecture of the UN has gradually shifted from favoring civil society to corporations. There is evidence that, in the late 1990s, in comparison with CSOs, TNCs increased their access to nation-states and UN agencies. The TNC narrative changed from a) denying climate change and ignoring the UN to b) recognizing change and guiding negotiations. These shifts in UN architecture, TNC agency and narrative appears to have influenced changes in UN documents towards a corporate global environmental framework, reducing their references to the regulatory and enforcement roles of the state and global binding agreements, shifting global debate towards a voluntary corporate orientation. This may have reduced prospects for reducing emissions and increasing environmental justice. Combining market mechanisms with strong regulatory frameworks is best practice for environmental policy. When nation-states have the will and capacity to command and control, they can reduce environmental degradation. Stronger national government competence and enforcement capacity and binding UN agreements are essential for the effectiveness of market incentives, which may be enhanced by business and civil society initiatives. If CSOs can reunite and regain their strength, maybe they could negotiate with TNCs on a more equal footing. Perhaps UN members could once again become comfortable with the idea of strong states and non-hegemonic global governance. Key words: Global political ecology, Nation-state, earth system governance, UN architecture, UN agency, green economy, non-state actors, UNCED, Rio+20, Climate convention

Environmental policy has become an object for description and analysis. A global environmental mechanism intents to promote collective action at the international scale and to build an integrated environmental policymaking and management framework concerning the tasks of a shared global ecosystem. Governments use a number of different types of environmental policy instruments to implement their environmental policies: legislative, technical and economic-financial instruments. The encounter is to combine the environmental protection with continuing economic growth in an over the long term sustainable way. This paper tries to underline that there is an under appreciation of the adaptability of social structures even within economics of environmental policy, to the extent that it is necessary to fully acknowledge and highlight the inborn trade-off between economy and environment.

Protection of the environment was not a specific importance to the Community although the Treaty of Rome expressly specified that "health, safety environmental protection" shall be based on "a high level of protection". In deciding upon a framework for a European environmental policy, the Community was also responding to increased public awareness of the problem and concerns about the state of the natural and man-made environment. During the past years, competitiveness concerns have dominated the EU policy debate, in the course of which a growing consensus is being developed on the importance of eco-innovations and resource efficiency for EU competitiveness and on the market opportunities they offer. There is an increasing evidence that environmental policy and eco-innovations can promote economic growth, as well as maintain and create jobs, contributing both to competitiveness and employment. Environmental constraints to rapid economic growth are increasingly recognized by countries, leading to a rising awareness of the need for sustainable development. Implementation of an environmental policy however, generates significant implications for competition among countries.

Pandemics have affected all aspects of human life, including environmental issues. This article analyses environmental policy issues during a COVID-19 pandemic using a bibliometric approach method from 173 published articles. Bibliometric data was retrieved from the 2020 Scopus database with "environmental policy" keyword by making use of VOSviewer, using co-occurrence visualization maps to evaluate the conceptual clusters. Further, co-authorship analysis was used to evaluate collaboration between authors and countries' related environmental policy publications. The review result shows, there are seven main clusters of concepts related to environmental policy. The United States is the most productive country on environmental policy literature. Finally, the environmental policy issue revolves around eleven areas. These results inform future research to a more comprehensive understanding of environmental policy.

The research defines eco-controlling as a new trend of the enterprise environmental policy in the field of environmental protection, its place in the enterprise control system under conditions of permanent changes of the economic environment and environmental challenges. There are outlined tasks of eco-controlling that covers a wide variety of issues associated with ensuring the enterprise’s effective activity in the long run considering requirements of environmental protection. The authors substantiate efficiency of introducing eco-controlling as a set of tasks of planning, accounting, controlling, analyzing and auditing environmental aspects of industrial enterprises’ activity.

The article considers a number of issues of the state environmental policy of the Russian Federation based on the analysis of new laws of the Russian legislation and the current socio-economic situation in the country. The author notes the state strategic documents and programs developed by the Ministry of natural resources of the Russian Federation, presents some data on environmental legislation in the country, and makes judgments that a successful environmental policy is possible only with an integrated approach to the implementation of environmental legislation.

Quang Nam has been entering the stage of economic restructuring for the sake of effectively exploiting and utilizing the province's potential and strengths toward rapid and sustainable socio-economic development. Ensuring social welfare is one of the core goals in building a fair, progressive, and civilized society associated with improving local people’s material and spiritual life in the new period. The article focuses on assessing the current situation of the province's social welfare policies in 2015-2019 with the aim of identifing major challenges in the economic restructuring up to 2030. Accordingly, the paper proposes various solutions to improving those social protection policies in Quang Nam up to 2030, with a vision to 2045.

The article is aimed at studying the modern model of relations between the Russian state and Buddhist communities. Today it is one of the most promising multidisciplinary endeavours of political, legal and sociological research. We have analyzed three models of interaction between the Russian state and Buddhist communities: the Imperial, the Soviet and the Contemporary. The article places special emphasis on the historical and legal analysis of the main stages in development of Russian legal policy in relation to Buddhism.

The need to overcome the environmental problems of our time has set a task for pedagogical theory and practice: on the basis of the biosphere approach, to prepare an environmentally literate person who understands the importance of life as the highest value, who is able to determine his place in the world, participate in environmental protection, rationally use natural resources, make conscious decisions in the spheres of life where the interests of man as a living being, society and the environment overlap. In the system of training an environmentally literate person, an important role belongs to educational organizations of all levels, which can be considered as the initial link in enriching a person with knowledge about the natural and social environment, familiarizing him with a holistic picture of the world and forming a scientifically grounded, humane attitude towards society. Environmental education is designed to provide the young generation with scientific knowledge about the relationship between nature and society, to help understand the multifaceted significance of nature for society in general and for each person in particular, to form an understanding that nature is the primary basis of human existence, and man is a part of nature, to educate a conscious attitude towards it, a sense of responsibility for the environment as a universal value, develop creative activities to protect and transform the environment, cultivate love for nature. Environmental education and upbringing is a systematic pedagogical activity that is aimed at developing the environmental culture of a person. Environmental education of a person is a continuous process of learning and development throughout his life, which is expressed in the formation of an ecological culture, which manifests itself in an emotional and positive attitude towards nature, in compliance with certain moral norms, in a system of value orientations.

The urgent need for the formation of an open and transparent system of public control and environmental and technological assessment of the implementation and application of the best available technologies (BAT) at the largest industrial enterprises of Russia (primarily at enterprises of the Ist Hazard Category) is justified. As an effective measure for forming such a system, the possibility of introducing the national standard “Best Available Technologies. Methodological recommendations for conducting a public expert environmental and technological assessment of the introduction of BAT in enterprises” is described. For consideration and discussion of readers submitted a draft of this document, developed by the author of this article. The basic concept of the proposed document is to establish clear requirements for the procedure and procedure for conducting public audits of BAT implementation. According to the author’s idea, the recommended standard will be a comprehensive document aimed at solving a whole range of urgent problems in the field of research. It is expected that its implementation will contribute to enhancing the transparency of financial flows allocated for the implementation of the National Ecological Project, as well as its separate federal project, “Implementation of the Best Available Technologies”. A general increase in the quality, efficiency and transparency of the implemented environmental policy in the country is also expected.

The article, using the example of the Russian Federation, considers a number of environmental postulates that the authors consider to be the necessary condition and at the same time content for the successful implementation of the national environmental policy. The authors investigate the high-quality environmental law; effective working mechanisms for monitoring and supervising its compliance; and the inevitability of legal liability for violation of environmental legal norms.

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The article discusses the structure of city environmental management, regulatory documents, environmental monitoring system, the consequences of environmental policy at the local and regional levels, including cost analysis associated with the implementation of the city’s environmental strategies.

This article seeks to provide patterns of how transnational communication may lead to domestic policy learning. Existing theories of policy learning, policy diffusion and policy convergence assume that transnational communication may lead to domestic policy learning and policy change, but do not suggest general, empirically investigated patterns. Two case studies on the policy of noise abatement around airports and the policy of contaminated land show that different venues in which transnational communication takes place may induce different types of policy change at the national level.

Criminal law is traditionally viewed as a branch of public law. Until recently, the category of “dispositivity” in the Russian theory of criminal law had not even been considered. However, it is argued that the development and reflection of dispositivity fundamentals in the criminal law shows the level of protection of law-abiding citizens and also serves as an indicator of activity of legal subjects in the field of criminal justice. The article attempts to define the concept of dispositivity in criminal law and explores its theoretical and applied aspects through conceptual (political and legal) and instrumental approaches. As a part of the conceptual (political and legal) approach, dispositivity is treated as the common grounds of the field of legal regulation. As a part of the instrumental approach, dispositivity is regarded as a method of legal regulation, property legal norms, as well as the mode of legal regulation. From the point of legal methodology, we can speak of dispositivity in the Russian criminal law, since there are no “pure” or distinct fields of private or public law. Simultaneously with the imperative method of legal regulation, there may be the legal grounds for the dispositive legal regulation, and vice versa. The article also analyzes the ratio of the legal activity of an individual (“disposition”) in criminal law and the development of society, using the example of a city. It is stated that the higher the legal activity of a person stipulated by law, the more secure is the position of a person in society.

Strategies for achieving environmental policy reinforce the principle of subsidiary ( delegation ofresponsibilities of Member States, while European Union outlines only the general objectives to be taken intoaccount) and try replacing the traditional vertical approach, command and control type, by promoting analternative model for achieving the EU average. One can say that these strategies are a kind of “aids”, whichcomplement standard tools and acting as incentives for the adoption of measures for environmental protectionthat emphasizes the trend towards an approach based on the principle of volunteering. In the early '70s, wasrecognized the need and legitimacy of a common environment. In time, will develop a progressiveenvironmental Community law, which includes over 200 directives and regulations. They concern mainlywater protection, air quality, protection of flora and fauna, noise, waste disposal. Environmental legislationhas a particular characteristic; it takes into account economic aspects.

Mangrove area is an area overgrown mangrove in a natural or artificial, to maintain the environmental sustainability of coastal areas. In addition to maintaining the ecosystem of biodiversity, the mangrove area also has a role to social-economic, and socio-cultural. Rembang regency is one of the districts on the north coast of Java which has a large mangrove area. However, due to the high economic activity in the region of Rembang Regency, the mangrove area becomes less and damaged. This research to describe how environmental policy to manage mangrove area in Rembang regency with qualitative descriptive approach. The result is the role of government and society gradually able to restore mangrove ecosystem. Moreover the district government through Environmental Agency has made a masterplan for the development of mangrove ecotourism in Pasarbanggi Village. The existence of sustainable mangrove conservation has a positive impact on the environment and society.

Indonesia’s forest fires and peatlands became a global concern in 2015, when 33% of the 2.6 million hectares of land that burned that year occurred on peatlands. One of the current strategies to control the spread of forest fires is to restore 2.4 million hectares of the peatland which had burned in 2015, by 2020. Although it has been more than half of the period of the program, the idea of restoring the peatlands to control the spread of fires have increased by over 60%, compared to the same period last year. Since the implementation of peat restoration policy in Indonesia over three years ago, there is still no example of a successfully restored peat area. However, the peat restoration program includes a minimum three Components of restoration: 1) Ecology, 2) Economy, and 3) Society [1], which often remain unbalanced. This research aims to review the environmental policy program of restoring 2.4 million hectare peatlands which was established at the beginning of 2016. The research will conduct a geographic analysis on the program implementation in Indonesia, also comparing this with sustainable environmental theories and successful restoration projects in the world wide wetlands.

Since 2005, expenditures on research, development and technological work (R & D) have been allocated in the structure of investments in non-financial assets. The absence of methodological developments on a comprehensive analysis of indicators of environmental and economic efficiency does not allow us to clearly determine the real costs of creating a system of rational nature use and environmental protection. In order to, at least approximately estimate the necessary level of investment in the restoration of the environment, it is necessary to conduct a study of the relationship between investment and environmental activities through the interrelationship between the concepts of "investment" and "capital investments".

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the policy commitment of North Sumatera provincial government in mitigating climate change (case study of mangrove protection). The Regional Action Plan for Greenhouse Gas (RAD-GRK) has been adopted in 2012 by the Province of North Sumatra. The action plan identifies action needed to rehabilitate mangroveswithin or outside of forest conservation areas. The action plan aimed for reforestation of 50,000 ha mangroves areas. However, data showed that by 2017 the North Sumatra government has only been able to rehabilitate 4,765 Ha of mangrove forest. On the other hand, mangroves conversion to non forest land continues including conversion to oil palm plantations in Langkat District. Based on the qualitative data of interview with policy makers at the Provincial of North Sumatera and document analysis particularly from the government agencies, the research discovers that the policy commitment of the local government for mangroves protection is weak.

Objective: To assess general public and policy influencer support for population-level tobacco control policies in two Canadian provinces., Methods: We implemented the Chronic Disease Prevention Survey in 2016 to a census sample of policy influencers (n = 302) and a random sample of members of the public (n = 2400) in Alberta and Quebec, Canada. Survey respondents ranked their support for tobacco control policy options using a Likert-style scale, with aggregate responses presented as net favourable percentages. Levels of support were further analyzed by coding each policy option using the Nuffield Council on Bioethics intervention ladder framework, to assess its level of intrusiveness on personal autonomy., Results: Policy influencers and the public considered the vast majority of tobacco control policy options as "extremely" or "very" favourable, although policy influencers in Alberta and Quebec differed on over half the policies, with stronger support in Quebec. Policy influencers and the public strongly supported more intrusive tobacco control policy options, despite anticipated effects on personal autonomy (i.e. for policies targeting children/youth and emerging tobacco products like electronic cigarettes). They indicated less support for fiscally based tobacco control policies (i.e. taxation), despite these policies being highly effective., Conclusion: Overall, policy influencers and the general public strongly supported more restrictive tobacco control policies. This study further highlights policies where support among both population groups was unanimous (potential "quick wins" for health advocates). It also highlights areas where additional advocacy work is required to communicate the population-health benefit of tobacco control policies., Competing Interests: All authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Korea has been enforcing the environmental policies(ETS(Emission Trading Scheme), RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standard)) to reduce the greenhouse gas, and has been promoting the expansion of the ESS(Energy Storage System) supply through the K-ESS 2020 strategy. Accordingly, the role of the ESS in the power system has been attracting the recent interest and the effects are being verified. However, there is no standard for the optimal input capacity. It is rational to increase the ESS capacity as much as possible in order to optimize the proper function actualized by the ESS. However, since it is difficult to greatly increase the ESS capacity input as of this point due to high investment cost of the ESS, it is necessary to set up a standard for calculating the most economic input capacity. Accordingly, in this paper, in the process for establishing the generation plan, the environmental policies are considered into calculating the optimal fuel mix as well as the ESS optimal capacity per year.

In this paper, we investigate various so-called 'decision aiding' practices based on 'economic arguments' used to design and implement environmental public policies. We analyse these practices to determine whether they truly provide an aid to decision-making. We tackle this issue using a case-based inquiry applied to the 'red muds' of Gardanne. This case exemplifies practices, which claim to take advantage of economic science, but are in fact based on fallacious rationales incapable of meeting even minimal rigorousness and scientificity requirements. We do not claim to produce quantitative evidence that our observations are generalizable. Rather, we claim that our empirical elements can be used to articulate ideas whose generality should be investigated in future quantitative studies: (i) decision aiding, when applied to environmental public policies, is barely, if at all, based on economic science; (ii) it is nevertheless overrun with economic vocabulary, which suggests that (iii) the legitimacy of environmental public policies can be undermined by decision aiding practices which, for lack of a robust anchorage in economic science, weaken the possible justification of these policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]