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تعتبر الفنون الرقمية والوسائط المتعددة عنصرا فعالا في تحقيق الارتباط الضروري بين العناصر المادية والمادية في محتوى وبنية العمل الفني. يدعو الفن الرقمي إلى إلغاء الحدود بين الفنان والمتلقي وتوسيع حدود التداول. زودت التقنية الرقمية المصمم بخصائص الصمود أمام الأفكار الإبداعية المتخيلة من خلال نظام بصري متنوع الجودة والسرعة في إنتاج مخططات تصميمية تجريبية للجدران تجمع بين آليات التفكير الإبداعي والتقني، ولكن لإطلاق العنان للخيال البشري ليتحرك إلى الأمام وجعله مستحيلاً، وفن الجداريات في العصر الرقمي هو تجسيد للأفكار والخطب التي تسعى إلى إقناع الناس في الجانب الدعائي والإعلامي بسلعة ثقافية قابلة للتداول والتسويق التجاري والفني في بيئة رقمية قادرة على إنتاج الرمز. نسعى إلى إخراج الذاكرة التاريخية للحضارة الإنسانية من بعدها المحلي لتكتسب أبعادا عالمية وإنسانية من خلال الحضور في العوالم الافتراضية والمساهمة في الإبداع العام للإنسانية من خلال الممارسة الواعية للهوية الثقافية وجعلها على اتصال باللغة من الآخر وقريب من إحساس الفنان وإدراكه لذاته ضمن خيال حر يعتمد على الوعي المعرفي والموهبة في إيصال رسالته الثقافية

In this paper, the effect of number of blades on ceiling fan performance is discussed. This approach helps to satisfy tradeoff between high air flow (performance) and power consumption (energy efficiency). Specifically, variation from two to six blades is considered with nonlinear forward sweep profile. Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) technique is used to model the flow field induced by the ceiling fan inside a generic room. The performance is gauged through response parameters namely volumetric flow rate, mass flow rate, torque and energy efficiency. The results indicate that mass and volumetric flow rates are maximized for six blade configuration and energy efficiency is maximized for two blade configuration. The study indicates the importance of tradeoff between high air flow through ceiling fan and associated energy efficiency.

Nature inspires innovative renewable energy solutions by advancing our road pavements, as the sun is the only infinite and accessible source of clean and green energy on our planet. In addition to the various solar energy production methods, a new paradigm for utilizing asphalt pavement as a solar collector is being developed for self-powered energy harvesting. Due to direct solar radiation, flexible paved surfaces exposed to direct sunlight can heat up to 70°C in the summer. The heat is then dissipated into the environment, causing the urban heat island effect, and accelerating thermal oxidation of asphalt pavement. This can lead to structural failure and reduced pavement performance. This study aims to present a state-of-the-art review of hydronic asphalt solar collectors (HASCs) and propose the best model to enhance the performance of asphalt solar collectors. The findings of the study concluded that asphalt has the potential to absorb solar energy and store heat energy. This can be achieved by assembling and modifying conventional asphalt structures into modern asphalt solar collector designs that consist of pipe arrangements below the paved surface filled with liquid flowing through the pavement surface. The study found that a significant limitation of previous research was that it focused on optimizing the temperature profile at various depths but did not focus on structural improvements to reduce failure and increase the performance of asphalt solar collectors. Therefore, this review study proposed a new technique of using conductive and waste materials to enhance the performance of asphalt solar collectors.

The frequency of failures in hanger pins of Pakistan Railway carriages has risen to an alarming level. Such as hanger pins have become the reason for the highest number of cases regarding failures of Carriage and Wagons in Pakistan. The pins have been failing after only 3 months while the intended life of these pins was supposed to be 6 months at least. Previously we have been using rectangular cross-section cotter pins in the hanger brackets. Studies have shown that instead a circular cross-section cotter pin can make a major contribution to the lower the value of these fatigue stresses. In this study, we compute and perform the stress and fatigue analysis on the hanger pin assembly using Findley criterion. Findley criterion was used as it most closely resembled in the properties needed to carry out our desired simulation. COMSOL model is used to compute the stresses as well as do the fatigue analysis on the said model. Fatigue usage factor has been used in the COMSOL. The first part contains the analysis on the already in-effect hanger pins of rectangular cross-sectional area. While the second half contains analysis done by changing the cross-section to modified circular shaped hanger cotter pins. The new proposed material proved to have decreased the stresses induced in the components thus increasing its life.

But: Étudier le pronostic fonctionnel et la morbidité après néphrectomie partielle retroperitoneoscopique (NP). Patients: 142 patients traités par NP dans 4 institutions. L’âge au moment de la chirurgie était de 11mois [1,5-145]. 82/142 (58 %) étaient réalisées en décubitus ventral. Suivi par écho doppler à 3 et 12 mois, avec scintigraphie rénale en cas d’anomalie échographique. Résultats: 11 patients (8 %) ont nécessité une conversion en chirurgie ouverte, la majorité (8/11) avant 2000, au début de l’expérience. 7 patients (5 %) ont développé un urinome postopératoire, et 38 (27 %) une formation kystique au contact de la tranche de section parenchymateuse. Un patient a nécessité une uréterectomie complémentaire d’un moignon urétéral symptomatique. Avec un suivi médian de 49 mois [8-42], 7 enfants présentaient une atrophie ou une altération fonctionnelle significative du moignon rénal restant, 3/7 traités par néphrectomie complémentaire. Aucun facteur technique ou préopératoire n’était identifiable dans ce sous-groupe. Conclusion: La NP laparoscopique reste une intervention techniquement difficile à l’âge pédiatrique. La perte fonctionnelle du moignon rénal restant est une complication qui n’est pas exceptionnelle, y compris dans des centres possédant une bonne maîtrise de la technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

تكونت العملية التربوية من أجزاء معقدة تتعاون كلها معا في سبيل هدف واحد وهو إيصال الأجيال إلى مهمتها في بناء المجتمع وتطوير البشرية، وتحقق مسيرة مستمرة للعلوم والمعارف، والوصول بالمجتمعات إلى المحافظة على تطورها وتحصيل المزيد من التطور. وقد كانت آليات تفعيل هذه العملية التربوية بتخليصها من عوائقها، وزيادة تأثير وسائلها الشغل الشاغل للقائمين على هذه العملية والدارسين والمراقبين. وقد لفتت الأنشطة الفنية منذ وقت التربويين بسبب فائدتها الكبيرة للعملية التربوية، ليس في سياق التحصيل العلمي فحسب؛ بل أيضا بالتربية عموما، من نفسية وجسدية وانسجاميه وثقافية وعاطفية، إذ أن "مهمة التربوي ليس فقط تدريس الأطفال القراءة والكتابة والعلوم المعرفية وإنما الدور يتعدى ذلك بكثير وهو إعداد جيل المستقبل والمحافظة على أهم ثروة وهي الثروة البشرية"( )، ولذلك تنامى الاهتمام بالأنشطة الفنية في المدارس واستخدامها كرافد مساعد للعملية التربوية التعليمية، ولمواجهة الانحرافات السلوكية والمشاكل المختلفة التي تواجه الطلبة مستخدمين فاعلية التشاركية والانتماء والعلاج بالفن، لأن "التربية الفنية كنشاط تربوي تتصل مباشرةً بتكوين الإنسان وبناء شخصيته وتحقيق ذاته بالتعبير الإيجابي عن أحاسيسه تجاه الآخرين وتجاه بيئته ووطنه فالتربية الفنية هي واحدة من المواد الدراسية التي تسهم في بناء شخصية المتعلم وتكوينه واعدادهُ وتعتبر أحد المحاور الرئيسة التي يمكن أن تجمع حولها كل الخبرات وهي وسيلة فعالة لتبسيط وشرح المعارف والعلوم المختلفة"( )

Norwegian scabies is a rare type of scabies characterised by hyperkeratotic and crusted plaques and is usually seen in immunologically and neurologically impaired patients. An elderly female presented to us with erythema and scaling over the body along with thick plaques covered with yellow crusts over the flexor aspects of the wrists and forearm. There was family history suggestive of scabies in other family members. The patient had received multiple injections of triamcinolone and was applying topical ointment containing steroids for tinea corporis. The HIV ELISA was non reactive. A potassium hydroxide mount showed multiple mites, eggs and faecal pellets. A diagnosis of Norwegian scabies was made and patient treated with oral ivermectin and topical permethrin. We present this case to highlight the possibility of this rare cause of erythroderma in a patient who has been receiving corticosteroids.

Angiosarcomas are aggressive, malignant tumors of vascular or lymphatic origin with high potential to local and distant spread. Cutaneous invasion of internal tumors is rarely encountered in clinical practice. We report on a patient with vascular skin lesions over anterior chest which turned out to be incursion from chest wall angiosarcoma. Alongside the case report, literature on therapeutic arsenal of angiosarcoma is reviewed. Angiosarcoma of chest wall invading into the skin has never been reported in dermatological literature. This case is intriguing as the patient had symptomless progression of the malignancy despite aggressive invasion to overlying skin and metastasis to lungs and pleura. This impresses upon the crucial role of dermatologists in suspecting cutaneous lesions which may appear skin deep but are otherwise a silent sign of grave internal disease so that search of underlying condition is sought as soon as possible to achieve better patient outcome. So the dictum is “earlier the diagnosis, better the prognosis”.

Tungsten being a transition element, forms oxide compounds of various oxidation states that enables it to form nanocolloids of tungsten oxide dihydrate. Multiple methods have been used in recent years to synthesize nano tungsten oxide dihydrate, including sol-gel synthesis, electrochemical deposition, hydrothermal synthesis and anodization. However, a universally accepted synthesis method for this material is not offered. The most appropriate method and its corresponding processing parameters for the synthesis of nano tungsten oxide dihydrate colloids were presented in the present study. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of processing parameters, i.e. applied voltage, temperature and anodizing duration on the particle size of nanocolloids. It is found that anodization is the easiest, efficient, and cost-effective method to synthesize the colloidal solution of nano tungsten oxide dihydrate. Conducting the synthesis at room temperature at a voltage of 50 V for 60 minutes yields the product with particle size of 40 – 60 nm, which can be used in wide array of applications. This paper also highlights the research gaps for future work and gives recommendations to extend this study particularly for the industrial application of tungsten oxide.

The depletion of resources and increase in demand for fossil fuel raise concerns as it is natural and non-renewable. Therefore, it will cause limitation on its availability and continuous reduction. This issue has led to the search for more economic, sustainable, and environmentally friendly alternatives which is biodiesel. The major drawback that reduces the possibility of biodiesel commercialization is the high cost of oil feedstock as it covers 75% of its total production cost. The waste cooking oil is used as feedstock in continuous transesterification as it is the primary option to lower the cost of biodiesel production. Biodiesel can be prepared using waste cooking oil and catalyst through transesterification reaction. In this research, the focus is on the utilization of chicken and quail waste eggshell to synthesize highly active Calcium Oxide (CaO)-based heterogenous catalyst with montmorillonite clay to catalyze efficient conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel. The formation of CaO/montmorillonite catalyst was confirmed based on the outputs from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The physio-chemically characteristics of catalysts exhibited a BET surface area from the ranging from 9.2-9.5 m2/g and presence of around 87% of elemental calcium as constituent through XRF characterization. In addition to this, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis is used to determine the conversion of biodiesel using conventional and microwave heating method which revealed a maximum biodiesel production yield of 98%. This optimum biodiesel yield was obtained at reaction temperature, molar ratio of waste cooking oil to methanol, and catalyst amount of 60 ºC, 2 h, 1:12, 2.5 wt.% and 5 wt.% for both eggshells, respectively.

This paper explores the dynamic liaison between US and three developing South Asian equity markets in short and long term. To gauge the long-term relationship, we applied Johansen co-integration procedure as all the representative indices are found to be non-stationary at level. The findings illustrate that the US equity market index exhibits a reasonably different movement over time in contrast to the three developing equity markets under consideration. However, the Granger-causality test divulge that the direction of causality scamper from US equity market to the three South Asian markets. It further indicates that within the three developing equity markets the direction of causality emanates from Bombay stock market to Karachi and Colombo. Overall, the results of the study suggest that the American investors can get higher returns through international diversification into developing equity markets, while the US stock market would also be a gainful upshot for South Asian investors.

This study explores the influence of different fluids in a uniform micro-channel geometry on conjugate heat transfer. Nanofluids used here, are SiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles with various concentrations up to 4% in water as a base fluid under laminar flow. Nanofluids are compared to an ionic liquid called Butyl Methyl Imidazolium Tetrafluroborate (BMIM BF4) to examine the influence of heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics. Good agreement was found against previous micro-channel studies, numerical simulations with COMSOL Multiphysics® V5.2a are used at Reynolds number ranging from 50 to1000 with a uniform heat flux of 100 W/cm2 relevent to cooling systems. Advanced fluids might offer significant potential in combatting the challenges of heat transfer in the technological drive toward lower weight/smaller volume electrical and electronic devices. The results show that the lowest thermal resistance is for nanofluids followed by water, then the ionic liquid. Moreover, Al2O3-water offers lower thermal resistance than the SiO2-water for all given nanoparticle concentrations. It is also found that there is no beneficial using ionic liquids in forced convection systems which work below boiling temperature conditions.

This paper shows the comparison of temperatures produced in a dry friction clutch disc with different materials during a single engagement to assist in clutch plate design and analysis. A study of usage of different materials for friction lining of clutch disc is required, which will provide improved performance and enhanced life. This investigation is modelled mathematically and solved numerically using finite element method. ANSYS® 15.0 is a dedicated finite element package used for determining the temperature distribution across a clutch disc. In the present work, an investigation of a conventionally used harmful friction lining material asbestos is compared with carbon-carbon composite, S2-glass fibre and aluminium metal matrix composite. The transient thermal analysis of a clutch disc with different materials is performed and the temperature distribution on the clutch system is compared. Simulation results indicate that all the values of the temperature obtained from the analysis of aluminium metal matrix are less than those of asbestos based lining material, therefore clutch disc made up of aluminium metal matrix composite will assure the extended service life and the longer stability due to the fact that the temperature responsible for the wear and tear has been reduced. Furthermore, the slipping time is also considered in this investigation.