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Language disorders are criteria of psychopathology diagnostics listed both in the 10th revision of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). However, structure and grammar remain understudied in this aspect, which makes structural analysis a relevant research topic. A structural analysis of written narrative may objectivize particular language disorders, thus facilitating psychodiagnostics of different mental disorders. The research objective was to describe the structural features of written narratives obtained from 127 patients with schizophrenic, bipolar, and personality disorders. The narratives were subjected to structural and statistical analyses. Schizophrenic narratives demonstrated a poor vocabulary, a low volume, and a high degree of formality with a passive narrator. Bipolar texts tended to be long, detailed, egocentric, and active, with multiple participles. Patients with personality disorders emotionally relived their memories, producing reflective written narratives with a lot of actors. The final list of written speech indicators to be used to distinguish between schizophrenic, bipolar, and personality disorders included such variables as text volume, verb tense, non-finite verb forms, first-person singular pronoun, number of actors, passive / active narrator, and laconic / detailed narration.

The occurrence of schizophrenia in a family member does not only affect the patient, it has an impact on the entire family sphere. In view of this reality, we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study involving a sample of 132 relatives of schizophrenic patients in Abidjan. The results of this study showed that: -In the majority of cases (87.13%), family caregivers of schizophrenic patients were members of the nuclear family. These family carers who provided most of the care, worked for more than half (57.58%) of them in the informal sector, had at 72.22% a monthly income of less than 100,000 CFA francs (152,7 euro). All of our survey participants said they receive no outside help; - In terms of degree of involvement of relatives, it appears that parents and siblings were the most involved at 78.29% in drug costs, at 73.49% in monitoring therapeutic compliance and at 61, 36% in providing assistance with the daily needs of their loved one with schizophrenia. - Among the difficulties encountered by relatives in the care of schizophrenics, those with the highest frequencies are those of stigmatization (77.78%), financial exhaustion (73.33%), the fragility of health (62.22%), difficulties related to bed and food (53.33%) and lack of time for oneself (46.67%). - The main psychological reactions recorded at the announcement of the diagnosis of schizophrenia among our respondents were: sadness (88.89%); discouragement (86.67%) and stress (77.78%). It was however noted that during the follow-up of the patients, the main attitudes recorded by our participants in the face of this situation were: reinforcement of affection (52.67%) and moral support (35.11%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This research featured 139 patients (60 men, 79 women) after the first-episode psychosis. All patients demonstrated cognitive and/or emotional deficiency. The research objective was to compare clinical, sociodemographic, psychosocial, and individual characteristics. The expert clinical assessment revealed three groups. Group I included 29 patients with negative symptoms in the cognitive sphere; group II consisted of 46 people with negative symptoms in the emotional and volitional sphere; group III included 64 people with no pronounced deficiencies. The authors employed the method of clinical psychological interview and various pathopsychological non-standard methods to study the cognitive activity of the patients. The list of psychometric methods included the Beck’s Depression Inventory, a coping behavior questionnaire, a short version of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), and the Suicide Risk Assessment Scale. The data obtained were processed using SPSS v. 25.0 and Excel 2010. The three groups demonstrated the following statistically significant differences: diagnosis, critical attitude to one’s own condition, and continuity of psychiatric care (clinical characteristics); social adaptation problems (psychosocial characteristics); association and motivation (cognitive activity); suicidal risk (emotions, personality, and behavior). The MMPI and the coping behavior test also showed differences from the test norm, as well as between the groups. A comparative analysis of clinical and psychological characteristics in patients after the first-episode psychosis makes it possible to develop a correct psychorehabilitation program, prevent deficit symptoms, and improve social functioning.

In this article, we analyze the politics of representation in the detective tetralogy (1991- 2009) of the late Slovenian and Triestinian writer Sergej Verč. Addressing several aspects of Verč’s primary literary semiotic device of schizophrenia, we trace a simultaneous literary and chronological shift from minor literature to neoliberal noir. We expose the fundamental representational ambiguity by analyzing the detective triad (murder-victim-criminal), the fetishization of detective clues, the erotization of detection, and the underlying binary oppositions. Verč’s detective novels critique the Slovenian capitalist transition but also reproduce culturally conservative representations of gender, sexuality, and family.

Introduction: expressed emotion (EE) is a concept which dates back to the sixties and refers to the attitude that relatives have toward a family member with schizophrenia. It comprises three behavioral patterns: criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement. An important body of literature has shown that high expressed emotion (EE) is a factor of relapse in schizophrenia. The purpose of our study was to measure expressed emotion in the families of a Moroccan sample of patients and then to investigate factors associated with high EE. Methods: fifty (50) patients with stable schizophrenia, each with a relative involved in their care, were recruited during outpatients visits. Sociodemographic data were collected and the FAS scale was used by relatives. Data were also collected from the mental representations of relatives about the patient and disease. Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS software and was based on the Chi 2 tests as well as T tests for independent samples. Results: forty-eight percent (48%) of relatives had a high EE. High EE was associated with a feeling of shame toward the patient. It was also associated with cannabis addiction. Low EE was associated with the fact that the patient financially took care of his family. Conclusion: the knowledge of the determinants of high EE in our socio-cultural context is essential in order to direct any psycho-educational intervention aimed at reducing EE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tale of the apocalypse is considered a current subject of debate that has captivated the attention of postmodern writers. Similarly, in a postmodern atmosphere, Etel Adnan’s masterpiece, Master of the Eclipse (2009), problematises the traditional apocalyptic narrative. Thus, this study sheds light on the postmodern deconstructive aspect of Adnan’s literary text, involving how the author challenges the traditional apocalyptic narrative by foregrounding postmodern apocalyptic subjects. This last includes constant violence, international terror, the downfall of communities, and the subjection of human beings to world crises. These themes subvert the traditional apocalyptic narrative that establishes order, linearity and harmony and calls for Utopia. This study also highlights the collapse of historical metanarrative by drawing upon Frederic Jameson’s notion of ‘historical deafness’ and its consequences on the postmodern subject, including ‘schizophrenia’ and the ‘waning of affect’. It also examines the role of art, a remedy presented as a counter-response to turbulent postmodern times. It transpired that the postmodern vision advocates historical authenticity and reflects a pessimistic society’s experiences of despair and the loss of reality.

In France, public health policies in psychiatry aim to social inclusion and the implementation of projects for patients suffering from psychotic disorders. The possibility to enroll in projects depends on the ability to invest in psychic temporality. Investing chronometric time, can be related to a subjective and affected representation of time. Nevertheless, in psychotic patients, binding abilities appear particularly undermined by the processes of unbinding. Thus, we wonder about the nature of the investment of time in these patients. We first offer an overview of the psychoanalytic and psychiatric literature on the concept of psychic temporality. The literature shows that while some inhibited patients have a frozen representation of time, other patients invest a confused or disorganized representation of temporality. In order to illustrate our point, we study the investment of temporality in the Rorschach protocol and TAT of Elise, a schizophrenic patient. The use of primary processes seems to allow her to invest a dynamic and lively temporality. On the one hand, they organize a rhythmicity between the organization and the disorganization of thought. On the other hand, they allow her to alternate between a the past, linked to melancholic affects, and the future, marked by manic movements. Finally, the primary processes seem to have allowed the inscription in memory of a delusional idea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with disorders on the schizophrenia spectrum report temporal thought fragmentation and of their bodily sense of self. These clinical descriptions question the mechanisms that enable a sense of continuity of time, and a sense of immersion in the environment. We show that millisecond-scale predictive mechanisms allow fluid adaptation to the environment, and are disrupted in schizophrenia. These data show the fragility of our sense of time continuity.

This article considers whether Louis Wolfson’s Le Schizo et les langues (1970) constitutes a literary or a clinical document. Focusing on Gilles Deleuze’s reaction to Wolfson’s book, I analyse the ways in which Deleuze’s reading of Wolfson underwent significant changes from the time of his writing the preface to Le Schizo et les langues until he wrote about Wolfson again as part of Critique et Clinique (1993). I propose that Wolfson’s work and Deleuze’s shifting readings of it, destabilize hegemonic discourses within the Medical Humanities.

We investigated the association between densities in gray matter (GMD) and white matter (WMD) phenotypes and positive (PS) and negative (NS) symptoms in 40 schizophrenia patients (SZ). Cerebral densities were compared with 41 normal controls (NC) matched for age and sex using voxel-based morphometry on T1-3T-MRI. We found decreased GMD in the anterior cingulate-temporal gyri and increased GMD in the posterior cingulate gyrus in SZ relative to NC. WMD reduction was found in the inferior frontal and posterior parietal regions in SZ relative to NC. GMD in the insula/caudate correlated with PS, while GMD in the middle frontal gyrus and cerebellum correlated with NS. WMD in the middle frontal and superior frontal regions correlated with PS and NS respectively. Invers correlations were found between GMD in the parietal lobe and the uvula with PS. An inverse correlation was found between GMD in the cerebellum and NS. Inverse correlation was also found in the WMD of the occipital region and superior frontal regions with PS and NS respectively. Comparison between male groups revealed decreased total GMD in male patients, while no differences were observed between female groups. These correlational findings suggest that symptom profiles in schizophrenia show unique GM/WM phenotypes.

Our access to the patients’ medical record at the Montfort Hospital Mental Health Program (1976–2006), granted by the Research Ethics Office at Montfort Hospital and University of Ottawa, allowed us to discover sources that reveal the words, gestures and silences of women suffering from chronic mental illness. We were particularly interested in the sayings and writings of schizophrenic mothers who had lost custody of their children and found that over the years, this theme is recurrent in the interviews between patients and caregivers. The microhistorian approach selected is nourished by the works of Paul Ricoeur and Rita Charon, specifically, the role of health professionals in their sensitivity to capture the stories of their patients. The result of our analysis is presented in the form of a narrative construct that accounts for the double trauma experienced by a woman afflicted with a heavy syndrome in psychiatry and the consequences of this syndrome on her family life.

This study presents an analysis of the language disorders of aphasics and the schizophrenias in order to find what characterizes their communication. Our assumption is based on the fact that the aphasic person suffers from a language disorder which influences his communication. In this study, we have chosen to apply a descriptive and explanatory approach in order to show how aphasics organize their accounts in relation to schizophrenics and therefore what is a language disorder and a communication disorder and how to distinguish them from each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction - Several studies have shown a strong relationship between schizophrenia and epilepsy. This association implies a common genetic susceptibility for both conditions. This study aims to identify genetic variants of susceptibility to epilepsy and schizophrenia in an Algerian family.Patients and methods - All available members of this family underwent clinical and electroencephalographic evaluation. Genetic analysis by whole exome sequencing was performed after DNA extraction.Results - In this study, we report a family with two brothers having temporal lobe epilepsy associated to schizophrenia in one, and to recurrent depressive disorder in the other. Exome sequencing identified homozygous single nucleotide variant in theRELN gene (rs55689103) in patient with schizophrenia. His brother was heterozygous for the same variant.Conclusion - The polymorphism rs55689103 could be involved in schizophrenic phenotype in this family, but not in epilepsy phenotype. Further investigations of blood Reelin level and RELN promoter methylation are key components to interpreting the results of this study.

Introduction: in Mali, there are no data on the prevalence of mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological features of patients hospitalised in the Department of Psychiatry. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study in the Department of Psychiatry at the University Hospital of Point G between January 2014 and December 2018. Data were collected from the medical records of 1105 patients hospitalised for psychiatric disorders. Results: the average age of patients was 32.6 ± 11.1 years, ranging from 13 to 82 years. Male patients accounted for 83.8% (926/1105) of enrolled subjects, 53.2% (588/1105) were single, 18.8% (208/1105) were not employed and 28.2% (310/1105) had primary education. Seventy-four percent (818/1105) had a history of psychiatric disorders, 22.7% (251/1105) were born to consanguineous parents. Drug use was reported in 42.9% (474/1105) of cases, including tobacco 32.6% (361/1105), cannabis 26.0% (287/1105) and/or alcohol 15.6% (172/1105). The demand for care came from families in 87.5% (967/1105) of cases. Aggression was the most common reason for consultation (44.5%; 492/1105). In 67.8% (749/1105) of cases, the diagnosis was schizophrenia, schizotypic disorders or delusional disorders. The first use of care was traditional in 58.7% (649/1105) of cases. Conclusion: people hospitalised for psychiatric disorders from 2014 to 2018 were predominantly young and male with a history of psychiatric disorders. They mainly had schizophrenia, schizotypic disorders and delusional disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Creativity does not specific only the history of the disciplines of spirit. It also defines normality itself to the extent to which normality is given to man who, at best, to use a term coined by the creator of psychosomatic medicine, Viktor von Wiezsäcker, is stricken by normopathie. After a defining meeting with Freud, he published a research in Die Kreatur magazine demonstrating that, as long as it is to be found "exiled on earth", in its minor and pathological meaning, the "creature" is synonym with suffering. For psychoanalysis, in its major opposite meaning, the therapeutic one, the following is implied: how much creativity so much normality. Given this context, the major theoretical and practical plus that Lacan brings in addition to Freud is represented by the possibility of treatment for psychosis using what he coined as the "substitute". His seminar titled Le Sinthome is entirely focused on the manner in which James Joyce could "substitute" his psychosis through the recursive act of his own creativity. The recursion to creation can substitute the recurrence of psychosis. In this paper we argue the importance and function of the substitute in Samuel Becket's case - he was, for a while, Joyce's personal secretary. After a schizophrenic episode followed by an analysis with Wilfred Bion, Beckett managed not only to find substitution in and through his work, but also to provide some important indications for the therapy of this serious condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adherence will have an impact on therapy because schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that requires long-term treatment. One strategy to improve adherence to medications is motivational interviewing (MI), although more study is needed to see how well it works and whether it has any other effects on schizophrenia. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of motivational interviews in improving adherence to medications and other positive impacts on PwS. A literature review using PubMed, Science Direct, Springerlink, and google scholar databases from 2010-2023 focused on keywords adherence, schizophrenia, and motivational interviewing. The results showed that MI has inconsistencies in their effect on improving medication adherence in PwS, but some studies found evidence of an association between MI and other outcomes, such as improvement in psychotic symptoms and decreased hospitalisation rates. Differences in patient characteristics and MI interventions in each study, the to perform MI techniques, and the trusting relationship built by the counsellor with the patient will affect the impact of MI on adherence. MI showed inconsistencies in improving medication adherence in people with schizophrenia. Several factors will affect the effectiveness of MI. However, MI also has the potential to improve psychosis symptoms and reduce hospitalisation rates, although more research is needed.

Suicide constitutes the greatest risk factor for mortality in individuals with schizophrenia. Although numerous risk factors have been suggested as important predictors of suicidality in schizophrenia, most studies have focused on Caucasian and Chinese patients. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of suicide attempts in schizophrenia patients in Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco, and to identify associated clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Ar-RAZI Psychiatric Center of Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat. We examined 175 Moroccan schizophrenic patients. The sociodemographic and clinical variables were analyzed based on the presence or absence of suicide attempts. The prevalence of suicide attempts among patients was 32%. 43% of them had reported multiple suicide attempts. The majority of those who attempted suicide were single, younger, and with a lower economic status. Visual hallucinations were significantly prevalent among attempter patients compared to non-attempters (p =0.032). Consequently, visual hallucinations could be a risk factor for suicide attempts in the Moroccan population. Understanding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with suicide attempts can help identify patients at higher risk and provide appropriate support and interventions to prevent suicide among the Moroccan population.

The educational escape game integrates the codes of serious games into the development of nursing students' skills. Used within the framework of the psychopathological processes teaching unit, this method enables learners to appropriate their knowledge, thanks to the development of pedagogical objectives that blend with the mechanics of the game. The escape game is appreciated by students and encourages their commitment to the course., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

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Copyright of Sante Mentale au Quebec is the property of Revue Sante Mentale au Quebec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sante Mentale au Quebec is the property of Revue Sante Mentale au Quebec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Contemporary psychiatric phenomenology has been able to link disturbances of the minimal self to schizophrenic disorders. Indeed the impairment of this component of the Self, seen as a prerequisite to the capacity to participate actively in our experiences and to recognise them as our own, would explain the particularities described by schizophrenic patients. If analysis of this must be guided by a dual interpretation, allowing for the alternation of hyperreflexivity and intercoporeality disorders, then the EASE is the preferred descriptive scale for objective investigation of minimal self disturbances. By allowing for a co-construction of a language to describe the individual's experience, the EASE enables the irregularities of the Minimal Self to be taken into account, thus fulfilling both a diagnostic and a prognostic function, as we can observe. Two explanatory models regarding the presumed origin of these disturbances prevail, respectively attributing these changes to meta-cognitive defects and impaired processes which take place before the action – implying the emission of an efference copy. Minimal Self disturbance remains difficult to grasp, nevertheless we wish to offer an analysis through the lens of two works of popular culture. In Cyberpunk 2077, the protagonist experiences the insertion of another personality in his (or her) psyche with which he(or she) must cohabit and work towards a common aim, thus presenting a disturbance in the lived-in body. In Fight Club, Tyler Durden experiences the parasitic sensation of being taken over by a foreign body, situating its effect to the point of annihilation by shooting himself in the skull, and that we may explore through the perspective of the delusion of a takeover of the mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction. Cognitive impairment is a key symptom of schizophrenia and is known to be due to neurodevelopment changes. The aim of our study was to compare verbal fluency of patients with paranoid schizophrenia (PSch), first grade relatives (FGR) and healthy control subjects (HC) and to find additional risk factors for poor verbal fluency test performances in cases with PSch. Material and methods. 108 PSch (66 males, 44 females, mean age 38.86±10.02 y), 58 FGR (30 males, 28 females, mean age 36.71±11.74 y) and 60 HC (37 males, 23 females, mean age 35.68±11.36 y) were studied during the period 2015-2017 at the Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Hospital Pleven, Bulgaria. After giving informed consent, they underwent full somatic and neurological examinations and fulfilled Isaac’s Set Test (IST) and K, A, M, E literal fluency test (LF). Results. PSch obtained lower scores on both LF and IST than other two groups. FGR had poor performance only on LF. Ageing, level of formal education, severity and duration of schizophrenia were associated with LF and IST performances. Conclusions. PSch show significant LF and semantic fluency difficulties. FGR have only LF changes. Verbal fluency is related to ageing, formal education, duration and severity of schizophrenia.

Introduction: psychiatric disorders affect the highest number of incarcerated individuals. Indeed, detention conditions in Senegal have been criticized for several years by referring, in particular, to overcrowding. These conditions probably play a determining role in the occurrence of mental disorders in this population. This work describes the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of these inmates followed on an outpatient basis in the Department of Psychiatry of the National University Hospital Center in Fann. Method: we conducted a retrospective and descriptive study. Data were collected from all the inmates presenting to the External Consultation Unit of the Department of Psychiatry of the National University Hospital Center of Fann between 1st January 2005 and 31st December 2010. Results: our study population consisted of 62 inmates, 92% men and 8% women. The average age of patients was 32 years, nearly three-quarters (72.6%) of individuals were single. In the majority of cases they were in a precarious employment situation and 69.3% of them had not completed secondary education. Insomnia was the leading reason for consultation (29%) followed by auditory verbal hallucinations (22.6%). Physical aggression and/or threats to fellow inmates were observed in 17.7% of cases. The main diagnostic categories found were schizophrenic disorders (32.3%) and depressive disorders (27.4%). Between 2005 and 2010, the number of consultations increased threefold/year, from 7 to 19. Conclusion: this study showed that the incarcerated population, followed on an outpatient basis in the Department of Psychiatry, were young, mostly male and single, with low level of education and disadvantaged professional status. Similar cases have been reported in the international literature. Considering Senegal’s socio-economic situation and health systems development, we note that, although the number of consultations has increased over the years, only inmates with severe mental disorders are followed in specialized health services. Given the number of incarcerated subjects, the biography background of these subjects, the conditions of detention and the absence of some diseases, a survey should be conducted in prisons in order to assess mental healthcare needs of incarcerated subjects and the specific issues that could affect them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying and assessing somatic pain in people with schizophrenia remains a major public health issue for this vulnerable population. In France, Advanced Practice Nursing is developing, based on a practice built around clinical expertise. How can the clinical expertise of psychiatric and mental health APNs improve the identification and assessment of somatic pain in these patients, and thus help to improve their somatic health?, (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Hypermetabolic conditions with nutrition deficiencies are common in patients with extensive burns. Balanced nutrition status is required to achieve adequate wound healing. Mental disorder, which tended to make a patient uncooperative, complicates the management. We report the case of a 35-year-old man with schizophrenia who suffered full- and partial-thickness burns in approximately 38% of total body surface area due to attempted suicide. The patient was hospitalized for 66 days and underwent multiple surgeries. His BMI was continuously low. Tissue injuries provoked inflammatory responses that contributed to metabolic disarrangement, meanwhile the presence of psychiatric disorder complicated the means of nutrition assessment and therapy needed to compensate for the high nutrition demand during the treatment period. Nutrition support should be assessed and adjusted continuously.

Résumé: Le syndrome malin des neuroleptiques (SMN) est une urgence neuropsychiatrique diagnostique et thérapeutique rare et potentiellement mortelle en l'absence de prise en charge adaptée et précoce, reposant essentiellement sur un traitement symptomatique et spécifique. Exigeant une forte suspicion clinique pour le diagnostic et le traitement, le SMN est à juste titre un syndrome plus souvent considéré que véritablement diagnostiqué, et, du fait de sa faible incidence, les données factuelles le concernant, dans la littérature, sont limitées. Cette mise au point physiopathologique et thérapeutique a pour objectifs d'améliorer le raisonnement clinique et de réduire la marge d'incertitude du praticien en proposant un protocole actualisé, contextualisé et personnalisable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Les patients psychotiques souffrent de discrimination dans la société, mais également auprès des professionnels de santé. Cette stigmatisation peut conduire à un biais de raisonnement diagnostique et à des soins sub-optimaux. Pour lutter contre cette discrimination, certains centres mettent en place des adaptations du système de soins, notamment ambulatoires. Psychotic patients suffer from discrimination in society, but also among health professionals. This stigma can lead to diagnostic reasoning bias and suboptimal care. To combat this discrimination, some centers are implementing adaptations to the healthcare system, particularly in the outpatient setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to validate the French version of the 7-item Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (AHRS) so as to facilitate fine-grained assessment of auditory hallucinations (AH) in native French-speaking patients with schizophrenia (SZ) in clinical settings and studies. Method: Patients (N = 66) were diagnosed with SZ according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The French version of the AHRS was developed using a forward–backward translation procedure. Psychometric properties of the French version of the AHRS were tested including (i) construct validity with a confirmatory one-factor analysis, (ii) internal validity with Pearson correlations and Cronbach α coefficients, and (iii) external validity by correlations with the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS-H1), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-P3; concurrent), the PANSS-Negative subscale and age of subjects (divergent), and inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results: (i) The confirmatory one-factor analysis found a root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.00, 90% confidence interval = [0.000 to 0.011], and a comparative fit index = 0.994. (ii) Correlations between AHRS total score and individual items were mostly ≥0.4. Cronbach α coefficient was 0.61. (iii) Correlations with PANSS-P3 and SAPS-H1 were 0.42 and 0.53, respectively. In a subset of participants (N = 16), ICC values were extremely high and significant for AHRS total and individual item scores (ICCs range 0.899 to 0.996) Conclusion: The French version of the AHRS is a psychometrically acceptable instrument for the evaluation of AH severity in French-speaking patients with SZ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article provides information on the risk of schizophrenia or psychiatric disorders in adolescence in urban as well as rural area. It also states that the risk of schizophrenia is higher for a city childhood compared to a rural childhood. Topics discussed includes mental health, place of residence and risk of subsequent mental illness.

Şizofreni, günümüzde pozitif özellikli şizofreni olarak tanımlanan halüsinasyon, hezeyan ve dezorganize davranışın hakim olduğu klinik tablosu ile bipolar affektif bozukluğun manik epizodu arasında semptomolojik olarak benzerlik bulunmaktadır. İki hastalık grubunun exitasyon tablosunda düşünce, duygulanım ve davranış özellikleri benzerdir ve bu durum klinisyenin ayırt edici tanı koymasını güçleştirmektedir. Bu araştırmada iki hastalık grubu Rorschach testi ile karşılaştırılarak testin ayırıcı tanı için diagnostik özelliğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 200 hasta ile yapılan araştırma sonucunda bulgular; hastaların bilişsel ve affektif süreçleri, ego fonksiyonları, kişilerarası ve sosyal uyum düzeyleri, nesne ilişkileri, immaturite, impulsivite ve anksiyete düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlılık göstermiştir. Regresyon düzeylerinde ise bir farklılık saptanmamıştır. Sonuçlar, Rorschach testinin şizofreni ve bipolar affektif bozukluk manik epizod hastalarının protokollerini birbirinden belirgin olarak ayırabildiğini ve Rorschach testinin ayırıcı tanı yapabildiğini göstermektedir.

The preoccupation with human nature is deeply rooted in literature. This paper starts from the ancient Chinese rudimentary understanding of human nature, then passes through Mo Yan’s Frog, an epistolary novel which covers the 30-year history of the Chinese population control policy through the description of an obstetrician in quest of her own human nature, and ends with her mediation and effort to retrieve goodness in the face of state will. Mo Yan, as well as many other Chinese people, does not deny that the onechild family policy had been laid down with a good intention to promote the general welfare of all citizens in China. But through a detailed reading of the novel Frog, it is argued that this policy might be a legalized illegality, which results in the schizophrenia of the main character out of the dilemma of justifying her deeds as virtue or vice. It is suggested that the experience of the female character in the novel, as well as in the contemporary Chinese society, should be investigated allegorically, and it reveals a universal issue about the complexity of human nature, for in a certain sense, one may start aiming to be Mother Theresa, but end in finding himself or herself merely a devoted clownlike servant of the state will.

Cognitive disorders are now well known in schizophrenia, but their evolution over time and particularly during aging remains poorly described. Current evidence indicates that cognitive deficits including attention, working memory, verbal learning and memory, and executive functions are present in 80% of individuals with schizophrenia, which, on average, are around two standard deviations below that in healthy controls. Cognitive impairments are important predictors of functioning in daily life, including quality of life, inability to live independently and unemployment. From a lifespan perspective, they are evident in infancy (18 months) and continually increase between infancy and adulthood (20 years) in full-scale IQ and most of cognitive domains, accelerating during the prodromal phase. Cognitive deficits are significant predictor of the psychotic transition, and they stabilize after the first psychotic episode until the age of fifty suggesting that cognitive deficits are mainly established before the prodromal phases of psychosis. Time course of cognitive impairments in elderly patients with schizophrenia appears to be more heterogeneous. While the data suggest that they are stable with advancing age, a subgroup of institutionalized older patients stands out for a significant cognitive decline, without it being possible to determine the causal direction of this association. The twofold increased risk of developing neurodegenerative dementia in this population, combined with institutionalization, could partly explain this cognitive decline in some patients. Long-term longitudinal studies in older adults with schizophrenia are clearly needed, particularly in France. Protective factors such as recovery-focused and psychosocial approaches need to be studied in this population, which has a 15-year shorter life expectancy than the general population.

This article aims to elucidate the media’s treatment of mental health, and more specifically schizophrenia, from the perspective of people with mental health disorders and their families. It draws on a qualitative study based on 18 interviews with people with mental health disorders, members of their families, and healthcare professionals at mental health institutions. In terms of the results, the article aims to open up discussion on prospective avenues for changing representations of mental health and the people they affect.