502 results on '"granulomatosis with polyangiitis"'
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2. Kokain-induzierte Vaskulitiden und Vaskulitis-Mimics.
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Ruffer, Nikolas, Krusche, Martin, Holl-Ulrich, Konstanze, Kötter, Ina, and Lötscher, Fabian
- Abstract
Copyright of Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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3. Primäre Vaskulitiden im Kindes- und Erwachsenenalter.
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Minden, Kirsten and Thiel, Jens
- Abstract
Copyright of Rheuma Plus is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2022
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4. Arthritiden und Lungenkavernen.
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Juche, Aaron, Leo, Fabian, Grohé, Christian, Wormanns, Dag, and Krause, Andreas
- Abstract
Copyright of Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
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5. ANCA-assoziierte Vaskulitis.
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Krasselt, Marco L. and Holle, Julia U.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Internist is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
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6. Granulomatöse Vaskulitiden und Vaskulitiden mit extravaskulärer Granulomatose.
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Arnold, Sabrina, Klapa, Sebastian, Holl-Ulrich, Konstanze, Müller, Antje, Kerstein-Stähle, Anja, and Lamprecht, Peter
- Abstract
Copyright of Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
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7. Biologika bei Kollagenosen und Vaskulitiden.
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Hellmich, Bernhard and Henes, Joerg C.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Internist is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
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8. Strategien zur effektiven und nebenwirkungsarmen Therapie ANCA-assoziierter Vaskulitiden.
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Schönermarck, Ulf and Vielhauer, Volker
- Abstract
Copyright of Die Nephrologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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9. [Management of ANCA-associated vasculitides].
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Löffler C and Hellmich B
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- Humans, Rituximab therapeutic use, Cyclophosphamide therapeutic use, Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis diagnosis
- Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an autoimmune-mediated inflammation of small and medium-sized vessels that can affect virtually any organ system and bears the risk of irreversible organ damage. Without treatment the mortality rates are high, which necessitates rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Histological confirmation, which is not feasible in all cases, should be strived for, especially to delineate differential diagnoses and vasculitis mimics. The new American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) classification criteria are primarily designed for study purposes and show limitations in the routine application. Globally, the recently updated EULAR recommendations represent the most up to date management guidelines. Therapeutically, rituximab and cyclophosphamide in combination with glucocorticoids remain the pillars of treatment in remission induction for severe organ-threatening and life-threatening diseases. For the first time, mepolizumab and avacopan represent approved treatment options for specific entities that make a significant contribution to steroid reduction. New attention has been paid to patient-reported outcomes, for which a disease-specific outcome questionnaire is now available., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)
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- 2024
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10. Akute und chronische eosinophile pulmonale Infiltrate - sie kommen und (können) gehen?
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Wälscher, J. and Kreuter, M.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Pneumologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
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11. Der kavernierende Lungenrundherd - Differenzialdiagnose und Abklärungsstrategie.
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Meyer, Lilly, Schück, Andrea, Bürgi, Urs, and Huber, Lars C.
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Pulmonary cavities are the pathomorphological manifestation of several processes involving the lung including inflammatory, infectious and malignant etiologies. The presence of a cavity narrows the spectrum of differential diagnosis and, as such, focusses on the diagnostic evaluation. This review article provides an overview on the differential diagnosis of cavitary pulmonary diseases and their clinical and radiological signs. In this context, a special emphasis is put on vasculitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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12. [Granulomatous vasculitides and vasculitides with extravascular granulomatosis]
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Sabrina, Arnold, Sebastian, Klapa, Konstanze, Holl-Ulrich, Antje, Müller, Anja, Kerstein-Stähle, and Peter, Lamprecht
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Inflammation ,Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Microscopic Polyangiitis ,Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis ,Churg-Strauss Syndrome ,Polyarteritis Nodosa - Abstract
Vasculitides are inflammatory diseases of blood vessels caused by autoimmune or infectious processes, which are associated with alterations and destruction of the vascular wall. From a histopathological point of view, granulomatous vasculitides can be distinguished from necrotizing vasculitides with respect to the pattern of inflammation. Granulomatous vasculitides are characterized by intramural, predominantly lymphohistiocytic infiltrates with the formation of giant cells. They include giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK). By contrast, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) belongs to the group of necrotizing vasculitides. AAV includes granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). In addition to systemic necrotizing small vessel vasculitis, GPA and EGPA are characterized by extravascular granulomatous necrotizing inflammation mainly affecting the upper and/or lower respiratory tract, in EGPA with eosinophilic infiltrates. These granulomatous lesions are part of the autoimmune process and associated with tissue damage.Bei den Vaskulitiden handelt es sich um entzündliche Erkrankungen von Blutgefäßen, hervorgerufen durch autoimmune oder infektiöse Prozesse, die mit einer Alteration und Zerstörung der Gefäßwand einhergehen. Unter histopathologischen Gesichtspunkten werden hinsichtlich des Entzündungsmusters granulomatöse von nekrotisierenden Vaskulitiden unterschieden. Granulomatöse Vaskulitiden zeichnen sich durch intramurale vorwiegend lymphohistiozytäre Infiltrate mit Ausbildung von Riesenzellen aus. Hierzu zählen die Riesenzellarteriitis (RZA) sowie Takayasu-Arteriitis (TAK). Demgegenüber zählt die Anti-Neutrophile zytoplasmatische Autoantikörper(ANCA)-assoziierte Vaskulitis (AAV) zur Gruppe der nekrotisierenden Vaskulitiden. Die AAV umfasst die Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (GPA), mikroskopische Polyangiitis (MPA) und eosinophile Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (EGPA). Die GPA und EGPA sind neben der systemischen nekrotisierenden Kleingefäßvaskulitis durch eine extravaskuläre granulomatöse nekrotisierende Entzündung charakterisiert, die hauptsächlich den oberen und/oder unteren Respirationstrakt betrifft, bei EGPA überdies mit eosinophiler Komponente. Die granulomatösen Läsionen sind Teil des autoimmunen Prozesses und gehen mit Gewebsschäden einher.
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- 2022
13. [ANCA-associated vasculitis]
- Author
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Marco L, Krasselt and Julia U, Holle
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Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Microscopic Polyangiitis ,Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis ,Churg-Strauss Syndrome ,Rituximab ,Glucocorticoids ,Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic - Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are rheumatic diseases characterized by small-to-medium vessel vasculitis. Three different entities can be distinguished: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). While lung and renal involvement are typical manifestations of both GPA and MPA, EGPA usually shows paranasal sinus and lung involvement as well as a history of bronchial asthma. Furthermore, EGPA is frequently associated with cardiac disease and peripheral neuropathy. Cyclophosphamide or rituximab, combined with glucocorticoids, are used to induce remission of severe disease. Maintenance therapy options include rituximab as the first-line treatment, as well as methotrexate or azathioprine plus low-dose glucocorticoids.Die mit antineutrophilen zytoplasmatischen Antikörpern (ANCA) assoziierten Vaskulitiden (AAV) sind rheumatologische Systemerkrankungen, die mit einer Vaskulitis kleiner und mittelgroßer Gefäße einhergehen. Es werden drei Formen unterschieden: die Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (GPA), die mikroskopische Polyangiitis (MPA) und die eosinophile Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (EGPA). Typische Organmanifestationen bei GPA und MPA sind Lungen- und Nierenbeteiligung, bei der EGPA bestehen in der Regel Asthma sowie eine Nasennebenhöhlen- und Lungenbeteiligung, in höherer Frequenz treten auch Herz- und Nervenbeteiligungen auf. Die Remissionsinduktion der organbedrohenden Erkrankung erfolgt in der Regel mit Cyclophosphamid oder Rituximab in Kombination mit Glukokortikoiden; als remissionserhaltende Optionen stehen in erster Linie Rituximab sowie Methotrexat und Azathioprin in Kombination mit niedrig dosierten Glukokortikoiden zur Verfügung.
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- 2022
14. Hämoptysen und akutes Nierenversagen bei COVID-19
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Junginger, A., Brucke, M., Reiser, B., Stahn, O., and Braun, G.
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- 2020
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15. Aurikuläre Chondritis als Erstsymptom einer ANCA-assoziierten Vaskulitis
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Pfannkuch, L., Schneider, U., Rudolph, B., Weinerth, J., and Krusche, M.
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- 2020
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16. [ANCA-Associated Vasculitides]
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Mihaela, Stegert, Thomas, Neumann, and Thomas, Daikeler
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Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Microscopic Polyangiitis ,Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis ,Churg-Strauss Syndrome ,Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic - Abstract
ANCA-Associated Vasculitides
- Published
- 2022
17. Manifestationen von Autoimmunerkrankungen in der HNO-Heilkunde.
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Hofauer, B., Chaker, A., Thürmel, K., and Knopf, A.
- Abstract
Copyright of HNO is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
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18. [Cocaine-induced vasculitis and mimics of vasculitis].
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Ruffer N, Krusche M, Holl-Ulrich K, Kötter I, and Lötscher F
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- Humans, Levamisole adverse effects, Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic, Cocaine adverse effects, Cocaine-Related Disorders diagnosis, Vasculitis diagnosis, Autoimmune Diseases
- Abstract
Cocaine is a psychotropic tropane alkaloid and stimulant drug. Nasal insufflation of cocaine powder is a common route of administration. In Germany, cocaine is frequently adulterated with levamisole, an anthelminthic drug with immunomodulatory effects. Both substances are linked to various autoimmune conditions. Cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions cause a progressive destruction of osteocartilaginous structures within the upper respiratory tract and can mimic localized granulomatosis with polyangiitis. In addition, systemic vasculitis due to cocaine and levamisole has been reported. Differentiation of these conditions from primary vasculitis can be challenging because antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are commonly detected. Early diagnosis of these conditions is crucial as clinical improvement is closely related to drug cessation., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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19. [Biologics for connective tissue diseases and vasculitides]
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Bernhard, Hellmich and Joerg C, Henes
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Biological Products ,Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ,Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Microscopic Polyangiitis ,Churg-Strauss Syndrome ,Connective Tissue Diseases - Abstract
Despite therapy with glucocorticoids (GC) and conventional immunosuppressants, patients with connective tissue diseases and vasculitides often develop functionally relevant and prognostically unfavourable internal organ damage. Based on new pathogenetic insights, biologics and small molecules have recently been studied as targeted therapies for collagen vascular diseases and vasculitides. The B lymphocyte stimulator antagonist belimumab has been used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for several years and has recently also been approved as an add-on therapy for lupus nephritis. Anifrolumab, an antibody against the type‑1 interferon receptor, has also been shown to be effective in phase III trials for the treatment of SLE. The interleukin (IL)-6-antagonist tocilizumab showed efficacy in the treatment of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and thus has been approved in the USA, although the phase III trial had a negative primary endpoint. In Europe the tyrosine inhibitor nintedanib is approved for progressive ILD in SSc. Tocilizumab is approved for the treatment of giant cell arteritis and reduces both the risk of recurrence and the cumulative GC requirement. The B‑lymphocyte depleting antibody rituximab is approved for induction and maintenance therapy of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and is currently also being investigated for the treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). In patients with EGPA, the IL‑5 antibody mepolizumab leads to improved disease control and reduces GC requirements. A phase III trial of the small molecule antagonist avacopan targeting the complement C5a receptor as a replacement for high-dose GC in induction therapy of GPA and MPA met its primary endpoints. Various other biologics and small molecule antagonists are currently in clinical development for several type of vasculitis and collagen vascular diseases, some of them at advanced stages.Basierend auf neuen Erkenntnissen zur Pathogenese werden seit wenigen Jahren Biologika und „small molecules“ als zielgerichtete Therapeutika bei Kollagenosen und Vaskulitiden untersucht. Belimumab, ein Antagonist des B‑Lymphozyten-stimulierenden Faktors (BLyS), wird seit einigen Jahren zur Behandlung des systemischen Lupus erythematodes (SLE) eingesetzt und wurde kürzlich auch für die Add-on-Therapie der Lupusnephritis zugelassen. Auch Anifrolumab, ein Antikörper gegen den Typ-I-Interferon-Rezeptor, erwies sich in Phase-III-Studien zur Therapie des SLE als wirksam. Der Interleukin(IL)-6-Antagonist Tocilizumab zeigte bei der systemischen Sklerose (SSc) zumindest an der Lunge eine Effektivität und ist in den USA von der US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) zugelassen. In Europa steht uns mit Nintedanib ein Tyrosinkinaseinhibitor für die interstitielle Lungenerkrankung bei Kollagenosen zur Verfügung, insbesondere bei der SSc. Tocilizumab ist zur Therapie der Riesenzellarteriitis zugelassen und reduziert sowohl das Rezidivrisiko als auch den kumulativen Glukokortikoid(GC)-Bedarf. Der B‑Lymphozyten-depletierende Antikörper Rituximab ist zur Induktions- und Erhaltungstherapie der Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (GPA) und der mikroskopischen Polyangiitis (MPA) zugelassen. Bei Patienten mit eosinophiler GPA führt der IL-5-Antikörper Mepolizumab zu einer verbesserten Krankheitskontrolle und reduziert den GC-Bedarf. Eine Phase-III-Studie zum Einsatz des gegen den Komplement-C5a-Rezeptor gerichteten „small molecule“ Avacopan als Ersatz von hoch dosierten GC in der Induktionstherapie der GPA und MPA erreichte ihre primären Endpunkte. Diverse andere Biologika und antagonistische „small molecules“ befinden sich derzeit bei verschiedenen Kollagenosen und Vaskulitiden in teils fortgeschrittenen Stadien der klinischen Entwicklung.
- Published
- 2021
20. [Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis : Update on classification and management]
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Bernhard, Hellmich, Julia, Holle, and Frank, Moosig
- Subjects
Recurrence ,Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis ,Churg-Strauss Syndrome ,Rituximab ,Glucocorticoids ,Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic - Abstract
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare chronic inflammatory systemic disease that occurs in patients with bronchial asthma and is associated with significant blood and tissue eosinophilia. Another characteristic is vasculitis of small and/or medium-sized vessels, which may be absent in prodromal stages of the disease and is therefore no longer an obligatory part of the disease definition. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) can be detected in approximately one third of patients. The ANCA-positive and ANCA-negative EGPA are genetically distinct diseases with common clinical manifestations, which, however, occur with different frequencies. Cardiac involvement is associated with a poor prognosis. Permanent organ damage often occurs as a result of the underlying disease or treatment, especially with glucocorticoids (GC). The standard treatment of EGPA consists of GC in combination with cyclophosphamide for severe organ involvement or medium potency immunosuppressants for more prognostically favorable manifestations. Biologics are increasingly being used in the treatment of EGPA. The interleukin (IL) 5 antagonist mepolizumab reduces the risk of relapses and decreases the demand for GC in patients with relapsing EGPA without severe organ involvement. In analogy to the approach to other ANCA-associated vasculitides, the use of rituximab in ANCA-positive EGPA patients with severe vasculitis recurrence is a possible option, even though formal evidence for such an approach is currently low and formal approval is lacking.Die eosinophile Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (EGPA) ist eine seltene chronisch entzündliche Systemerkrankung, die bei Patienten mit einem Asthma bronchiale auftritt und mit einer signifikanten Blut- und Gewebeeosinophilie einhergeht. Ein weiteres Charakteristikum ist eine Vaskulitis kleiner und/oder mittelgroßer Gefäße, die in Prodromalstadien der Erkrankung fehlen kann und daher heute nicht mehr obligater Teil der Krankheitsdefinition ist. Bei etwa einem Drittel der Patienten können Antikörper gegen neutrophile zytoplasmatische Antigene (ANCA) nachgewiesen werden. Die ANCA-positive und die ANCA-negative EGPA sind genetisch unterschiedliche Erkrankungen mit gemeinsamen klinischen Manifestationen, die aber in unterschiedlicher Häufigkeit auftreten. Eine kardiale Beteiligung ist mit einer schlechten Prognose assoziiert. Es kommt häufig zu permanenten Organschäden als Folge der Grunderkrankung oder der Therapie, insbesondere mit Glukokortikoiden (GC). Die Standardtherapie der EGPA besteht aus GC in Kombination mit Cyclophosphamid bei gravierendem Organbefall oder mittelpotenten Immunsuppressiva bei prognostisch günstigeren Manifestationen. Biologika halten zunehmend Einzug in die Therapie der EGPA. Der IL(Interleukin)-5-Antagonist Mepolizumab reduziert bei Patienten mit rezidivierender EGPA ohne schwere Organbeteiligungen das Rezidivrisiko und senkt den GC-Bedarf. In Analogie zum Vorgehen bei den anderen ANCA-assoziierten Vaskulitiden stellt der Einsatz von Rituximab bei ANCA-positiven EGPA-Patienten mit schwerem Vaskulitisrezidiv evtl. eine Option dar, auch wenn die formale Evidenz für ein solches Vorgehen derzeit noch gering ist und eine formale Zulassung fehlt.
- Published
- 2021
21. [Update on etiopathogenesis of small vessel vasculitis]
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Sabrina, Arnold, Konstanze, Holl-Ulrich, Antje, Müller, Sebastian, Klapa, and Peter, Lamprecht
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Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Microscopic Polyangiitis ,Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis ,Antigen-Antibody Complex ,Churg-Strauss Syndrome ,Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic - Abstract
Small vessel vasculitis is characterized by a necrotizing inflammation of the vessel wall predominantly with involvement of small intraparenchymal arteries, arterioles, capillaries and venules. Medium-sized and occasionally large vessels can also be involved. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis) are differentiated from immune complex vasculitides based on immunopathological and serological aspects. Immune complex vasculitides include IgA vasculitis, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis (anti-C1q vasculitis) and anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. Epidemiological and next-generation sequencing-based studies have significantly contributed to the identification of predisposing environmental factors and genetic risk factors in recent years. Under specific conditions ANCA and immune complexes can induce premature intravascular activation of neutrophilic granulocytes with degranulation and release of enzymes and reactive oxygen species, which leads to vascular damage. In granulomatosis with polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis various factors, such as barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis of the microbiome contribute to extravascular granuloma formation predominantly affecting the respiratory tract.Die Kleingefäßvaskulitis ist durch eine nekrotisierende Entzündung der Gefäßwand mit prädominantem Befall von kleinen intraparenchymatösen Arterien, Arteriolen, Kapillaren und Venolen charakterisiert. Mittelgroße und gelegentlich auch große Gefäße können mitbeteiligt sein. Hierbei wird unter immunpathologischen und serologischen Gesichtspunkten die antineutrophile zytoplasmatische Autoantikörper(ANCA)-assoziierte Vaskulitis (Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis, mikroskopische Polyangiitis, eosinophile Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis) von den Immunkomplexvaskulitiden unterschieden. Zu den Immunkomplexvaskulitiden zählen die Ig(Immunglobulin)A Vaskulitis, kryoglobulinämische Vaskulitis, hypokomplementämische Urtikariavaskulitis (Anti-C1q Vaskulitis) und die Anti-glomeruläre Basalmembranerkrankung. Epidemiologische und Hochdurchsatz-sequenzierungsbasierte Studien haben in den letzten Jahren wesentlich zur Identifizierung von prädisponierenden Umweltfaktoren und genetischen Risikofaktoren beigetragen. ANCA und Immunkomplexe können unter spezifischen Bedingungen eine vorzeitige intravasale endothelnahe Aktivierung von neutrophilen Granulozyten mit Degranulierung und Freisetzung von Enzymen und reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies induzieren, die zur Gefäßschädigung führt. Bei der Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis und eosinophilen Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis tragen verschiedene Faktoren wie beispielsweise eine Barrierestörung und Dysbiose des Mikrobioms zur hauptsächlich den Respirationstrakt betreffenden extravaskulären Granulombildung bei.
- Published
- 2021
22. [Update on treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and Microscopic Polyangiitis]
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Julia U, Holle, Bernhard, Hellmich, and Frank, Moosig
- Subjects
Remission Induction ,Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Microscopic Polyangiitis ,Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis ,Rituximab ,Glucocorticoids ,Immunosuppressive Agents - Abstract
In the past 2 years several important studies on the treatment of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (PGA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) have been published, which led to a change in the therapeutic procedure of these diseases. Rituximab is now established as the standard treatment for remission induction and maintenance in cases of organ-threatening disease. Adjunctive glucocorticoid treatment can be tapered according to a new reduced dose scheme and avacopan, a C5a receptor inhibitor, offers even more potential in the future for additional economization of glucocorticoids. Uncertainties remain regarding the duration of treatment for maintaining remission. New studies suggest that treatment for maintaining remission for longer than 24 months is meaningful.In den letzten 2 Jahren wurden für die Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (GPA) und Mikroskopische Polyangiitis (MPA) wichtige Studien zur Remissionsinduktion und -erhaltung publiziert, die das therapeutische Vorgehen bei GPA/MPA verändert haben. Rituximab ist nunmehr als Standardtherapie für Remissionsinduktion und -erhaltung im Falle einer organbedrohenden Erkrankung etabliert. Die begleitende Glukokortikoidtherapie kann in einer niedrigeren Dosis als bisher üblich durchgeführt werden, und Avacopan, ein C5a-Rezeptor-Inhibitor, bietet zukünftig noch mehr Potenzial für eine weitere Glukokortikoideinsparung. Unklar ist weiterhin die Dauer der remissionserhaltenden Therapie. Neue Studien deuten darauf hin, dass eine remissionserhaltende Therapie über 24 Monate hinaus sinnvoll ist.
- Published
- 2021
23. [Primary vasculitides in childhood and adulthood]
- Author
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Kirsten, Minden and Jens, Thiel
- Subjects
Adult ,Adolescent ,IgA Vasculitis ,Giant Cell Arteritis ,Disease Progression ,Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,Takayasu Arteritis ,Polyarteritis Nodosa - Abstract
Primary systemic vasculitides can be observed at any age. Some vasculitides occur preferentially in childhood, such as Kawasaki syndrome or immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis, whereas others, such as giant cell arteritis, occur beyond the age of 50 years. Vasculitides occurring in childhood or adolescence and adulthood may have different phenotypes, different disease courses and outcomes depending on the age of manifestation. For example, those with Takayasu arteritis beginning in adolescence have different vascular involvement, a higher degree of systemic inflammation and a more aggressive course of disease than those with adult-onset disease. In contrast, IgA vasculitis is more severe in adults than in children. The causes for the age predilections and different age-dependent disease manifestations have not yet been clarified. The therapeutic principles are similar for vasculitides occurring in children or adolescents and adults. The first international evidence-based treatment recommendations are now available for juvenile vasculitides, although the evidence for certain forms of treatment is still very limited. The treatment of adult vasculitides can be guided by numerous national and international guidelines and recommendations. Many vasculitides carry a high risk of morbidity and mortality and the timely detection and treatment are therefore necessary. In this article, similarities and differences in the clinical presentations, treatment, courses and prognosis of vasculitides in children or adolescents and adults are discussed.Primäre systemische Vaskulitiden werden in jedem Lebensalter beobachtet. Einige kommen bevorzugt im Kindesalter vor wie das Kawasaki-Syndrom oder die Ig(Immunglobulin)A-Vaskulitis, andere wie die Riesenzellarteriitis hingegen erst jenseits eines Alters von 50 Jahren. Vaskulitiden, die im Kindes- oder Jugendalter und im Erwachsenenalter auftreten, können sich in Abhängigkeit vom Manifestationsalter phänotypisch unterschiedlich ausprägen und in den Krankheitsverläufen und Outcomes differieren. So weisen im Jugendalter an einer Takayasu-Arteriitis Erkrankte eine andere Gefäßbeteiligung, ein höheres Ausmaß der systemischen Entzündung und einen aggressiveren Verlauf der Vaskulitis als im Erwachsenenalter Erkrankte auf. Demgegenüber verläuft die IgA-Vaskulitis bei Erwachsenen schwerwiegender als bei Kindern. Die Ursachen für die Altersprädilektionen und unterschiedlichen altersabhängigen Krankheitsausprägungen sind bisher nicht geklärt. Die therapeutischen Grundprinzipien sind bei den im Kindes- oder Jugendalter und im Erwachsenenalter auftretenden Vaskulitiden ähnlich. Erste internationale evidenzbasierte Handlungsempfehlungen liegen inzwischen für die juvenilen Vaskulitiden vor, wobei die Evidenz für bestimmte Therapien noch sehr begrenzt ist. Die Therapie der adulten Vaskulitiden kann sich an zahlreichen nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien und Empfehlungen orientieren. Viele Vaskulitiden bergen ein hohes Risiko für Morbidität und Sterblichkeit, ihre rechtzeitige Erkennung und Behandlung sind deshalb vonnöten. An Beispielen wird in diesem Beitrag auf Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede in der klinischen Präsentation, Therapie sowie in Verlauf und Prognose von Vaskulitiden im Kindes- oder Jugendalter und Erwachsenenalter eingegangen.
- Published
- 2021
24. [Granulomatosis with polyangiitis - manifestations in the head and neck area]
- Author
-
Kim Vanessa, Steinke and Hans-Jürgen, Welkoborsky
- Subjects
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Nose - Abstract
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a rare chronic rheumatologic systemic disease with a vasculitis of small- and medium-size vessels. Mostly the upper airways, lung and kidneys are affected. Symptoms are unspecific. Patients complain about stuffy nose, crustiness of nasal secretions, ulcera of the oral mucosa or epistaxis. The otorhinolaryngologist may be the first one to evaluate the patient's health condition. Long term complications may be cardial, renal or pulmonal failure. To this day the aetiology is still unknown. Severe disease is treated with a combination of immunosuppressive medications. Clinic examinations and laboratory tests should be carried out for life-time.Die Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis ist eine seltene chronische rheumatologische Systemerkrankung, die mit einer Vaskulitis der kleinen und mittleren Gefäße einhergeht. Am häufigsten betrifft sie die oberen Atemwege, die Lunge und die Nieren. Die Beschwerden sind unspezifisch, häufig beklagen die Patienten anfangs eine Nasenatmungsbehinderung, Borkenbildung in der Nase, Ulzera der Mundschleimhäute oder Epistaxis. Nicht selten wird deshalb der Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Arzt zu Beginn der Krankheit hinzugezogen. Langfristig können schwerwiegende kardiale, renale oder pulmonale Komplikationen auftreten. Die Ätiologie ist bis heute nicht komplett geklärt. Als Therapie wird eine Immunsuppression eingeleitet. Klinische und laborchemische Kontrollen sind lebenslang obligat.
- Published
- 2021
25. Diagnostik bei Verdacht auf Systemerkrankungen.
- Author
-
Brinkhoff, A., Wilde, B., and Witzke, O.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Nephrologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Nichtinfektiöse granulomatöse Entzündungen.
- Author
-
Holl-Ulrich, K. and Rose, C.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Pathologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Vaskulitis-Mimics
- Author
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Kötter, I. and Reinhold-Keller, E.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. [Arthritis and pulmonary cavities]
- Author
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Aaron, Juche, Fabian, Leo, Christian, Grohé, Dag, Wormanns, and Andreas, Krause
- Subjects
Methotrexate ,Arthritis ,Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Cyclophosphamide ,Glucocorticoids ,Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic - Abstract
This case report describes the very rare simultaneous occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis with the only organ manifestation of life-threatening bilateral pulmonary cavities. Due to the acuteness of the vasculitis, treatment was primarily with cyclophosphamide infusions and high-dose glucocorticoids, and in the further course with high-dose methotrexate. Routine thoracic imaging also seems to be useful when conventional basic rheumatologic treatment is newly initiated, as treatment-decisive changes are seen with a relevant frequency. The occurrence of both autoimmune diseases might be due to common genetic predispositions.Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt das sehr seltene gleichzeitige Auftreten einer rheumatoiden Arthritis und einer Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis mit der einzigen Organmanifestation lebensbedrohlicher Lungenkavitäten beidseitig. Die Therapie erfolgte aufgrund der Akuität der Erkrankung primär mit Cyclophosphamid-Infusionen und hoch dosierten Glukokortikoiden, im weiteren Verlauf mit hoch dosiertem Methotrexat. Auch bei Neueinleitung einer konventionellen rheumatologischen Basistherapie scheint eine routinemäßige Thoraxaufnahme sinnvoll zu sein, da in relevanter Häufigkeit therapieentscheidende Veränderungen gesehen werden. Das Auftreten beider Autoimmunerkrankungen könnte auf gemeinsame genetische Prädispositionen zurückzuführen sein.
- Published
- 2021
29. Atypische Genese einer anterioren ischämischen Optikusneuropathie.
- Author
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Dutescu, R.M., Klein, J.P., and Schroeter, J.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Ophthalmologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. [Cortisone-free rheumatology-Vasculitides]
- Author
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Julia U, Holle and Frank, Moosig
- Subjects
Rheumatology ,Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Microscopic Polyangiitis ,Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis ,Churg-Strauss Syndrome ,Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic - Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) still represent an essential pillar of treatment in the phase of remission induction of vasculitides, which are often organ or life-threatening; however, they entail a significant potential for side effects. In the phase of remission maintenance prednisolone should be reduced to 7.5 mg/day or less. Whether a discontinuation can alway be achieved for any form of vasculitis without increasing relapse rates, is unclear. By the use of biologics, e.g. tocilizumab in giant cell arteritis (GCA), a fast tapering and discontinuation of GC seems to be more easily achievable compared to using a GC monotherapy regimen. Avacopan could in the future be an efficient agent to spare GC in the phase of remission induction in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), e.g. granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Mepolizumab is a promising option to reduce the use of GC in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA).Glukokortikoide (GC) stellen nach wie vor eine wesentliche Säule in der Phase der Remissionsinduktion der oft organ- oder lebensbedrohlichen Vaskulitiden dar, bergen jedoch ein erhebliches Nebenwirkungspotenzial. In der Phase der Remissionserhaltung sollte Prednisolon bis auf 7,5 mg/Tag oder weniger reduziert werden. Ob ein Absetzen bei jeder Form der Vaskulitis immer ohne Anstieg der Rezidivrate möglich ist, ist unklar. Durch den Einsatz von Biologika, z. B. von Tocilizumab bei der Riesenzellarteriitis (RZA), scheinen eine schnelle Reduktion und ein Absetzen der GC eher möglich als mit einer GC-Monotherapie. Avacopan könnte zukünftig zur Einsparung von GC bereits in der Phase der Remissionsinduktion bei AAV (ANCA[Anti-Neutrophile Zytoplasmatische Antikörper]-assoziierte Vaskulitis) (GPA [Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis]/MPA [Mikroskopische Polyangiitis]) eingesetzt werden. Mepolizumab ist eine vielversprechende Option zur GC-Einsparung bei EGPA (Eosinophile Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis).
- Published
- 2020
31. Genetische Risikofaktoren von Vaskulitiden.
- Author
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Holle, J.U. and Gross, W.L.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Internist is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. [A Rare Cause of a Eosinophilic Lung Disease]
- Author
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C, Stolpe and A, Tannapfel
- Subjects
Male ,Eosinophilia ,Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Churg-Strauss Syndrome ,Middle Aged ,Lung ,Asthma - Abstract
A 47-year-old male presented with dyspnoea and pulmonary nodules. He had longstanding asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis and a history of seizures, having been treated with valproic acid for years. A transbronchial biopsy and a bronchoalveolar lavage yielded a eosinophilic bronchitis and alveolitis without any malignant cells. The patient was then treated with oral corticosteroids for a few months, and the antiepileptic medication was switched to levetiracetam. Within a few months the dyspnoea improved and both the pulmonary nodules and the eosinophilia in the full blood count resolved. Eosinophilic lung diseases warrant a thorough investigation. Most likely, our patient suffers from eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. As well, the eosinophilic lung disease might have been caused by valproic acid. Similar cases have been described in the literature.Ein 47-jähriger Patient mit langjährig bekanntem Asthma bronchiale, chronischer Rhinosinusitis und langjähriger Epilepsie stellte sich aufgrund von progredienter Dyspnoe und Abgeschlagenheit in der pneumologischen Praxis vor. In einer thorakalen Röntgenaufnahme und einer nachfolgend durchgeführten thorakalen Computertomografie zeigten sich multiple pulmonale Rundherde.Eine Bronchoskopie mit bronchoalveolärer Lavage und transbronchialer Biopsie erbrachte den Befund einer eosinophilen Bronchitis und Alveolitis ohne Nachweis maligner Zellen. Nach Einleitung einer immunsuppressiven Therapie mit oralem Prednisolon und Umstellung der antikonvulsiven Therapie von Valproinsäure auf Levetiracetam besserten sich Dyspnoe und Belastbarkeit des Patienten binnen weniger Monate, einhergehend mit einem Regress der pulmonalen Rundherde und der peripheren Eosinophilie.Eine pulmonale Eosinophilie erfordert eine gründliche differenzialdiagnostische Aufarbeitung. Bei diesem Patienten ist am ehesten von einer eosinophilen Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis auszugehen. In der Literatur finden sich aber auch Fallberichte zu Valproinsäure-induzierten eosinophilen Lungenerkrankungen, sodass auch hier eine Assoziation denkbar ist.
- Published
- 2020
33. [Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and neurological disease onset]
- Author
-
Erik, Ellwardt and Frank, Birklein
- Subjects
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Nervous System Diseases ,Kurzbeiträge - Published
- 2020
34. [Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis with Pulmonary and Cardiac Involvement]
- Author
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J C, Kamp, H, Suhling, M, Ramthor, J B, Hinrichs, B, Soudah, J, Adel, T, Welte, and F C, Ringshausen
- Subjects
Heart Diseases ,Coronary Stenosis ,Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Stroke Volume ,Churg-Strauss Syndrome ,Middle Aged ,Coronary Angiography ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Ventricular Function, Left ,Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ,Dyspnea ,Echocardiography ,Eosinophilia ,Humans ,Immunologic Factors ,Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ,Cyclophosphamide ,Immunosuppressive Agents - Abstract
A 62-year-old patient with bronchial asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis underwent inguinal hernia surgery. After the operation, sudden circulatory arrest occurred, requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Coronary angiography revealed a 99 % proximal stenosis of right coronary artery (RCA) with unsuspicious and smooth coronary vessel walls. In the further course, several similar events occurred, but without pathological findings in the coronary angiography. Initially, echocardiography showed slightly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction of 45 %. Chest radiography revealed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, and white blood cell count showed severe eosinophilia (37 %). Serological antibody testing including ANA, ENA and c-/p-ANCA was negative. Myeloproliferative pathologies were excluded by bone marrow puncture. The patient suffered from emerging dyspnea, weakness, and ongoing weight loss. A methylprednisolone pulse of 250 mg/d for 3 days remained without significant effect, so that the patient was eventually referred to our university hospital due to ongoing clinical deterioration. On admission, the patient suffered from weakness, progressive muscular atrophy, and dyspnea on exertion. Physical examination revealed a right-sided peroneal paralysis. Bronchial lavage detected severe eosinophil alveolitis (37 %), and laboratory findings showed elevated cardiac enzymes and NT-proBNP (Troponin-T 700 ng/l, NT-proBNP 10.000 ng/l). Echocardiography revealed a dramatic deterioration of cardiac function (LVEF 16 %). Interdisciplinary discussion between pulmonologists and cardiologists lead to the diagnosis of ANCA-negative eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) with pulmonary and cardiac involvement. Initiation of immunosuppressive therapy with methylprednisolone 1000 mg/d for 3 days followed by cyclophosphamide therapy (6 pulses, administered every 4 weeks) led to substantial symptomatic improvement, complete regression of pulmonary infiltrates and marked recovery of cardiac function (LVEF 47 %). CONCLUSION: Serological detection of elevated ANCAs is not necessary for diagnosis of EGPA. Only 30 - 70 % of patients are positive for these, particularly if neurological and/or renal rather than cardiac and/or pulmonary involvement is present. This may be a pitfall in establishing the correct diagnosis. Induction therapy with cyclophosphamide is the preferred treatment for steroid-refractory EGPA with life-threatening organ involvement.Ein 62-jähriger Patient mit Asthma bronchiale und chronischer Rhinosinusitis unterzog sich einer Leistenhernien-OP. Nach der Operation kam es plötzlich zu einem reanimationspflichtigen Kreislaufstillstand. Koronarangiografisch zeigte sich eine 99 %ige proximale RCA-Stenose bei ansonsten unauffälligen und glattwandigen Koronarien. Im Verlauf kam es wiederholt zu ähnlichen Ereignissen, jetzt jedoch ohne Korrelat in der Koronarangiografie. Echokardiografisch zeigte sich initial eine LVEF von 45 %. Es bestanden bipulmonale Infiltrate im Röntgen-Thorax und eine schwere periphere Eosinophilie (37 %). Die serologische Diagnostik inkl. ANA, ENA und c-/p-ANCA blieb ohne Nachweis von Antikörpern. Eine Knochenmarkspunktion zeigte keine Hinweise auf eine myeloproliferative Erkrankung. Der Patient klagte über zunehmende Schwäche, Gewichtsverlust und Belastungsdyspnoe. Ein Methylprednisolon-Puls (250 mg/Tag über 3 Tage) zeigte keinen wesentlichen Effekt, sodass der Patient schließlich bei zunehmender klinischer Verschlechterung in unsere Universitätsklinik verlegt wurde. Bei Übernahme sahen wir einen abgeschlagenen Patienten mit progredienter Muskelatrophie und Belastungsdyspnoe. Klinisch zeigte sich eine rechtsseitige Peroneusparese. In der BAL zeigte sich eine schwere eosinophile Alveolitis (37 %). Laborchemisch zeigten sich Herzenzyme und NT-proBNP stark erhöht (Troponin-T 700 ng/l, NT-proBNP 10,000 ng/l). In der Echokardiografie fand sich eine dramatische Verschlechterung der Pumpfunktion (LVEF 16 %). Eine interdisziplinäre Falldiskussion zwischen Kardiologen und Pneumologen war schließlich der Schlüssel zur Diagnose einer ANCA-negativen eosinophilen Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (EGPA) mit pulmonaler und kardialer Beteiligung. Nach Einleitung einer immunsuppressiven Therapie mit erneutem Methylprednisolon-Puls (1000 mg/Tag über 3 Tage) und anschließender Cyclophosphamid-Therapie (6 Pulse im 4-wöchigen Intervall) gestaltete sich der Verlauf erfreulich mit klinischer Beschwerdefreiheit, vollständiger Regredienz der pulmonalen Infiltrationen und deutlicher Erholung der kardialen Pumpfunktion (LVEF 47 %). FAZIT: ANCA-Positivität ist zur Diagnosestellung einer EGPA nicht erforderlich. Diese weisen nur 30 – 70 % der EGPA-Patienten auf, v. a. bei neurologischer und/oder renaler, seltener bei pulmonaler und/oder kardialer Beteiligung, was einen Fallstrick bei der Diagnosestellung darstellen kann. Die Induktionstherapie mit Cyclophosphamid stellt bei steroidrefraktärem Verlauf mit vital bedrohlicher Organbeteiligung die Therapie der Wahl dar.
- Published
- 2020
35. [Auricular chondritis as first symptom of ANCA-associated vasculitis]
- Author
-
L, Pfannkuch, U, Schneider, B, Rudolph, J, Weinerth, and M, Krusche
- Subjects
Diagnosis, Differential ,Male ,Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis ,Polychondritis, Relapsing ,Middle Aged ,Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic - Abstract
Auricular chondritis frequently occurs in relapsing polychondritis. In addition to the primary form of the disease up to 30% of cases of chondritis can be secondary, e.g. due to autoimmune diseases. We describe the case of a 62-year-old male patient with auricular chondritis as the first symptom of granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis should always be considered in the differential diagnostics of relapsing polychondritis and antibody testing should be performed accordingly.
- Published
- 2020
36. 74-years old patient with nosebleeds and haemoptysis
- Author
-
Ole, Hudowenz, Uwe, Lange, and Philipp, Klemm
- Subjects
Diagnosis, Differential ,Male ,Hemoptysis ,Epistaxis ,Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Aged - Published
- 2020
37. [Mononeuritis Multiplex: A Diagnostic Challenge]
- Author
-
Elvira, Gloor, Anna, Henzi, Thomas, Langenegger, and Michael, Bodmer
- Subjects
Mononeuropathies ,Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Churg-Strauss Syndrome ,Middle Aged ,Asthma - Abstract
Mononeuritis Multiplex: A Diagnostic Challenge
- Published
- 2020
38. [Anti B-cell-antibody treatment for maintenance of remission in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis]
- Author
-
Kirsten, de Groot, Peer Malte, Aries, Marion, Haubitz, Bernhard, Hellmich, Peter, Lamprecht, and Jens, Thiel
- Subjects
Germany ,Azathioprine ,Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Microscopic Polyangiitis ,Rituximab ,Immunosuppressive Agents - Abstract
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) are the most frequent primary necrotizing small vessel vasculitides. In these formerly fatal diseases remission can be induced by stage- and activity-adapted immunosuppressive regimens in the majority of patients. This does not lead to drug-free long-term remission or even cure. Consequently, maintenance of remission medication is needed. Recent randomized controlled trials demonstrated that maintenance treatment with the anti-B-cell antibody Rituximab, administered 6-monthly as opposed to azathioprine leads to a significantly lower relapse rate but a similar profile of adverse events. These data enabled the extension of the approval of Rituximab for maintenance of remission treatment of GPA and MPA in Germany in 2018. Guidelines and expert recommendations concerning measures of infection prevention and vaccination of immunosuppressed patients as well as the management of hypogammaglobulinemia and cytopenia on Rituximab are presented in this review.Die Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (GPA) und die mikroskopische Polyangiitis (MPA) stellen als primäre nekrotisierende Kleingefäßvaskulitiden die häufigsten ANCA-assoziierten Vaskulitiden dar. Bei diesen, früher oft tödlich verlaufenden Erkrankungen kann heute durch eine Stadien-adaptierte Immunsuppression in den meisten Fällen eine Remission erzielt werden. Diese mündet jedoch nicht in eine Heilung oder medikamentenfreie Langzeitremission. Es bedarf deshalb einer remissionserhaltenden Therapie. Aktuelle randomisierte kontrollierte Studien zeigen, dass unter einer remissionserhaltenden Behandlung mit halbjährlich verabreichtem anti-B-Zell-Antikörper Rituximab weniger Rezidive auftreten als unter der bisherigen Standardmedikation mit Azathioprin bei vergleichbarem Nebenwirkungsprofil. Diese Daten führten 2018 zur Zulassung von Rituximab als remissionserhaltende Therapie der GPA und MPA. Unter einer solchen Rituximab-Therapie muss mit einer Immunglobulindepletion sowie späten Zytopenien mit begleitenden Infekten gerechnet werden. Leitlinien und Expertenempfehlungen zu Infektprophylaxen, Impfungen und Immunglobulinsubstitution werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.
- Published
- 2020
39. [Renal manifestations in vasculitides of small and medium-sized vessels].
- Author
-
Schneider J and Venhoff N
- Subjects
- Humans, Antigen-Antibody Complex, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
- Abstract
Small-vessel vasculitides, in particular, are frequently manifested in the kidneys. A distinction is made between antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) and immune complex vasculitides. Even within the AAVs there are differences with respect to renal involvement, which manifest as necrotizing glomerulonephritis (GN) but renal involvement is much rarer in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis than in microscopic polyangiitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Disease progression, organ manifestation and prognosis vary according to the ANCA status. In immune complex vasculitides (cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, IgA vasculitis, hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis and antiglomerular basement membrane, GBM, disease), endothelial-adjacent activation of neutrophilic granulocytes leads to local vessel wall damage with subsequent ischemic tissue damage, similar to AAV. The sparse evidence of immune complexes is different in pauci-immune AAV. Polyarteritis nodosa is a disease with variable clinical presentations with necrotizing vasculitis of small and medium-sized arteries. Intrarenal aneurysms and hemorrhages but not GN lead to renal damage. Diagnostically, the detection of specific autoantibodies (e.g. anti-GBM), cryoglobulins or increased complement turnover can be decisive. Renal biopsy with qualified immunohistopathology is particularly important in cases of initial manifestation and unclear constellation of findings. The treatment of renal vasculitis is adapted to the severity, stage of disease, extrarenal organ manifestation and pathogenesis. It ranges from glucocorticoid monotherapy to moderate immunosuppression, up to targeted biologic therapy, chemotherapy and plasmapheresis., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. [Arthritis and pulmonary cavities].
- Author
-
Juche A, Leo F, Grohé C, Wormanns D, and Krause A
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic, Cyclophosphamide therapeutic use, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Humans, Methotrexate therapeutic use, Arthritis drug therapy, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis diagnosis, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis drug therapy
- Abstract
This case report describes the very rare simultaneous occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis with the only organ manifestation of life-threatening bilateral pulmonary cavities. Due to the acuteness of the vasculitis, treatment was primarily with cyclophosphamide infusions and high-dose glucocorticoids, and in the further course with high-dose methotrexate. Routine thoracic imaging also seems to be useful when conventional basic rheumatologic treatment is newly initiated, as treatment-decisive changes are seen with a relevant frequency. The occurrence of both autoimmune diseases might be due to common genetic predispositions., (© 2021. Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. [Granulomatous vasculitides and vasculitides with extravascular granulomatosis].
- Author
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Arnold S, Klapa S, Holl-Ulrich K, Müller A, Kerstein-Stähle A, and Lamprecht P
- Subjects
- Humans, Inflammation, Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis complications, Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis diagnosis, Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis therapy, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis complications, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis diagnosis, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis therapy, Microscopic Polyangiitis, Polyarteritis Nodosa complications
- Abstract
Vasculitides are inflammatory diseases of blood vessels caused by autoimmune or infectious processes, which are associated with alterations and destruction of the vascular wall. From a histopathological point of view, granulomatous vasculitides can be distinguished from necrotizing vasculitides with respect to the pattern of inflammation. Granulomatous vasculitides are characterized by intramural, predominantly lymphohistiocytic infiltrates with the formation of giant cells. They include giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK). By contrast, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) belongs to the group of necrotizing vasculitides. AAV includes granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). In addition to systemic necrotizing small vessel vasculitis, GPA and EGPA are characterized by extravascular granulomatous necrotizing inflammation mainly affecting the upper and/or lower respiratory tract, in EGPA with eosinophilic infiltrates. These granulomatous lesions are part of the autoimmune process and associated with tissue damage., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. [ANCA-associated vasculitis].
- Author
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Krasselt ML and Holle JU
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Humans, Rituximab therapeutic use, Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis complications, Churg-Strauss Syndrome complications, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis complications, Microscopic Polyangiitis complications
- Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are rheumatic diseases characterized by small-to-medium vessel vasculitis. Three different entities can be distinguished: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). While lung and renal involvement are typical manifestations of both GPA and MPA, EGPA usually shows paranasal sinus and lung involvement as well as a history of bronchial asthma. Furthermore, EGPA is frequently associated with cardiac disease and peripheral neuropathy. Cyclophosphamide or rituximab, combined with glucocorticoids, are used to induce remission of severe disease. Maintenance therapy options include rituximab as the first-line treatment, as well as methotrexate or azathioprine plus low-dose glucocorticoids., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. [Pulmonary Infiltrate - Not Always Due to Bacterial Infection]
- Author
-
Irène, Laube and Robert, Thurnheer
- Subjects
Lung Diseases ,Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Female ,Bacterial Infections ,Churg-Strauss Syndrome ,Asthma ,Aged - Abstract
Pulmonary Infiltrate - Not Always Due to Bacterial Infection
- Published
- 2019
44. [ANCA-associated vasculitides : State of the art]
- Author
-
B, Hellmich
- Subjects
Biological Products ,Treatment Outcome ,Myeloblastin ,Azathioprine ,Remission Induction ,Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Microscopic Polyangiitis ,Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Cyclophosphamide ,Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic - Abstract
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, formerly Wegener's granulomatosis) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) are associated with the detection of antibodies against neutrophilic cytoplasmic antigens (ANCA) and are referred to as ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV). In the event of the clinical suspicion of AAV the ANCA should first be determined by means of an antigen-specific immunoassay for proteinase 3‑ANCA and myeloperoxidase-ANCA, according to current consensus recommendations. The diagnosis of AAV should also be confirmed by biopsy if possible. The classification criteria for AAV are currently being revised. Diagnostic criteria do not exist. The standard induction therapy consists of rituximab or cyclophosphamide, each in combination with glucocorticoids (GC). In the absence of severe organ involvement, methotrexate can alternatively be used. Recent study data suggest that additive plasmapheresis does not improve the long-term outcome. After remission, remission-preserving treatment with azathioprine, methotrexate or rituximab should be given for at least 48 months. The risk of severe infections is markedly increased, especially during the remission induction phase but can also be reduced during treatment with rituximab by the prophylactic administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In view of the increased risk of infection, GC-reduced or GC-free treatment regimens are currently the focus of clinical development.
- Published
- 2019
45. [Current treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome)]
- Author
-
F, Moosig and J, Holle
- Subjects
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis ,Churg-Strauss Syndrome ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,Cyclophosphamide ,Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic - Abstract
For the treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) much less data are available when compared to the other anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV). At the same time EGPA also differs in many aspects from AAVs. Treatment is guided by the German and international guidelines. An adapted induction therapy is chosen depending on the disease activity, manifestations and factors determining the prognosis. For patients without negative prognostic factors glucocorticoids alone may be sufficient. A medium potent immunosuppressive agent may be added in order to economize on steroids. For patients with severe organ manifestations and adverse prognostic factors, a highly potent immunosuppression usually with cyclophosphamide, is necessary. In cases of remission a maintenance therapy is recommended in the same way as for other AAVs. Recently, a biological, the IL-5 antibody mepolizumab has also become available, although its precise role still has to be established.
- Published
- 2019
46. [Primary vasculitides in childhood and adulthood].
- Author
-
Minden K and Thiel J
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Disease Progression, Humans, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Giant Cell Arteritis, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, IgA Vasculitis, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Takayasu Arteritis diagnosis, Takayasu Arteritis therapy
- Abstract
Primary systemic vasculitides can be observed at any age. Some vasculitides occur preferentially in childhood, such as Kawasaki syndrome or immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis, whereas others, such as giant cell arteritis, occur beyond the age of 50 years. Vasculitides occurring in childhood or adolescence and adulthood may have different phenotypes, different disease courses and outcomes depending on the age of manifestation. For example, those with Takayasu arteritis beginning in adolescence have different vascular involvement, a higher degree of systemic inflammation and a more aggressive course of disease than those with adult-onset disease. In contrast, IgA vasculitis is more severe in adults than in children. The causes for the age predilections and different age-dependent disease manifestations have not yet been clarified. The therapeutic principles are similar for vasculitides occurring in children or adolescents and adults. The first international evidence-based treatment recommendations are now available for juvenile vasculitides, although the evidence for certain forms of treatment is still very limited. The treatment of adult vasculitides can be guided by numerous national and international guidelines and recommendations. Many vasculitides carry a high risk of morbidity and mortality and the timely detection and treatment are therefore necessary. In this article, similarities and differences in the clinical presentations, treatment, courses and prognosis of vasculitides in children or adolescents and adults are discussed., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. [Biologics for connective tissue diseases and vasculitides].
- Author
-
Hellmich B and Henes JC
- Subjects
- Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic, Humans, Biological Products therapeutic use, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, Connective Tissue Diseases diagnosis, Connective Tissue Diseases drug therapy, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, Microscopic Polyangiitis
- Abstract
Despite therapy with glucocorticoids (GC) and conventional immunosuppressants, patients with connective tissue diseases and vasculitides often develop functionally relevant and prognostically unfavourable internal organ damage. Based on new pathogenetic insights, biologics and small molecules have recently been studied as targeted therapies for collagen vascular diseases and vasculitides. The B lymphocyte stimulator antagonist belimumab has been used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for several years and has recently also been approved as an add-on therapy for lupus nephritis. Anifrolumab, an antibody against the type‑1 interferon receptor, has also been shown to be effective in phase III trials for the treatment of SLE. The interleukin (IL)-6-antagonist tocilizumab showed efficacy in the treatment of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and thus has been approved in the USA, although the phase III trial had a negative primary endpoint. In Europe the tyrosine inhibitor nintedanib is approved for progressive ILD in SSc. Tocilizumab is approved for the treatment of giant cell arteritis and reduces both the risk of recurrence and the cumulative GC requirement. The B‑lymphocyte depleting antibody rituximab is approved for induction and maintenance therapy of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and is currently also being investigated for the treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). In patients with EGPA, the IL‑5 antibody mepolizumab leads to improved disease control and reduces GC requirements. A phase III trial of the small molecule antagonist avacopan targeting the complement C5a receptor as a replacement for high-dose GC in induction therapy of GPA and MPA met its primary endpoints. Various other biologics and small molecule antagonists are currently in clinical development for several type of vasculitis and collagen vascular diseases, some of them at advanced stages., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Effektor-Memory-T‑Zellen in der Pathogenese von ANCA-assoziierten Vaskulitiden
- Author
-
Kerstein, A., Müller, A., Kabelitz, D., and Lamprecht, P.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Nichtinfektiöse granulomatöse Entzündungen: Schwerpunkt Lunge und Haut
- Author
-
Holl-Ulrich, K. and Rose, C.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. [Vasculitides and eosinophilic pulmonary diseases]
- Author
-
C, Kroegel, M, Foerster, S, Quickert, H, Slevogt, and T, Neumann
- Subjects
Lung Diseases ,Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Humans ,Microscopic Polyangiitis ,Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis ,Lymphocytes ,Churg-Strauss Syndrome ,Pulmonary Eosinophilia ,Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic - Abstract
Eosinophilic granulocytes form peripheral effector cells controlled by Th2 lymphocytes, which cause local cell, tissue, and functional disorders of infiltrated organs via the release of cytotoxic basic proteins and oxygen radicals. Diseases associated with eosinophilia include systemic and organ-related forms. The lungs are involved in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA, formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome), acute and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, as well as in an organ manifestation in hypereosinophilic syndrome and certain parasitic diseases. In particular, the lungs are frequently affected in vasculitis of small vessels, including EGPA, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Among these, EGPA is the most frequent pulmonary eosinophil vasculitis representative. In addition, there are various overlap syndromes in which characteristic features of EGPA can be detected in the context of other anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA-)associated vasculitides. Occasionally, non-ANCA-associated pulmonary vasculitides occur with eosinophilia (e.g., Schönlein-Henoch purpura, Kawasaki disease, drug-induced hypersensitivity, and paraneoplastic syndrome). Herein, the pulmonary vasculitides accompanying eosinophilia are presented with respect to both the lung manifestations and pulmonary eosinophilia.
- Published
- 2018
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