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This paper is about the relevance of proposing geovisualization methods to visually integrate, co-visualize and interact with urban and meteorological data into a 3D environment, in order to support the visual analysis of the urban climate. Meteorological experts and researchers already face meteorological data and climate models analysis issues, at larger scales into the city: yet even if they have existing practices and tools to address these issues, they could take benefit from the knowledge and the methods from the Geovisualization domain, to complement these analyses by a visuospatial reasoning approach.In this paper, based on the knowledge of the expectations of the meteorological experts we are working with, we brought climate analysis into the city and visuospatial reasoning closer, on both heterogeneous urban and air temperature data(1). We reviewed the existing works regarding geovisualization of spatio-temporal phenomena and visualization of meteorological data (2). We then presented the different approaches we fulfilled to provide a 3D geovisualization environment and graphic representations, visually integrating both meteorological and spatial data. One provides style and interaction capacities on those data, enabling the interactive 3D exploration of their spatial and value distributions, throughout the city. Another geovisualization-design experiment is presented as a co-visualization of meteorological data and morphological indicators on 2.5D maps (3). These complementary approaches are presented and discussed with the meteorological experts, based on their relevance to tackle climate analysis at a larger scale and on the refinements required to extend their exploration capacities (4).

This paper analyses the evolution of the Bamiléké bocage (hedgescape) between 1900 and 1960. The process was nonlinear and consisted in waves of extension and withdrawal resulting from farmers’ innovations and foreign influences. We distinguish four time periods, which we feel correspond to evolutionary phases of the wooded landscapes: the arrival of the Europeans (1900-1915), the period from European pacification to the liberalisation of the coffee trade (1915 to 1945), the period of liberalised coffee trade (1945 to 1960), and the period of havoc at the time of independence (around 1960). At the beginning of the 20th century, clusters of hedgerows were all that remained in the mainly savannah landscape around settlements. Between 1915 and 1945, the hedgerow system quickly spread and dominated the landscape. The Bamiléké region appeared to have crossed a demographic threshold that required a more intense land development system with a more developed bocage. Coffee production, which was introduced by the French, provided the farmers with an alternative cash crop. The best lands were used to grow coffee, not to rear livestock, formerly the traditional source of income. The enclosure system was gradually abandoned, with hedges used mainly to delineate allocated lands and as a source of wood and non-wood forest products. After 1945, the system continued to expand in the colonised areas. But it later shrank in areas where conflict broke out in the early days of independence. It later again expanded, but sometimes in a modified form.

Downstream of the confluence with the Allier River, the Middle Loire River is characterized by a fluvial bed with semi-embanked channel. The wooded islands are ubiquitous throughout the river’s landscape, and are areas of active vegetalization in the fluvial bed. The aim of the present paper is to provide an update to the current knowledge of these fluvial forms: their formation and rate of development. Recent development of anabranching in the Loire river is related to the co-evolution of societal uses, and the morphology of the river bed. The main channel of the river has continued to migrate laterally within its area of mobility. This situation has led to the development of large areas of sedimention on the biggest islands, which play a major role in the retention of sediments, and the sedimentary imbalance of the river. The development of anabranching reveals fluvial readjustments, and the islands are excellent bio-geomorphological indicators. Our study provides additional input to current research on the anastomosis of rivers with islands in Western Europe.

The multi-agents systems developed within the framework of distributed artificial intelligence represent a promising tool for modelling spatial dynamics. Using such an approach involves a reflexion on the objects and more specifically on the geographical levels which have to be taken in account. In this article, we present and compare two simulation models for describing an agricultural conquest’s process. In one model, the agents are defined at the level of individuals, as actors of change. In the other, the agents represent the spatial aggregates for which aggregated mechanisms of transformation are defined.

The article presents the author's views on the consulate formed by Sardinia, Italy in Cyprus after acquiring Republic of Genoa in 1825. Various topics discussed include funds issued by Cyprus for art works in Turin, its relation with the Ottoman Empire, commercial relations of Italy with other countries such as Africa, Turkey and Great Britain.

La présente contribution entend innover dans l’analyse néologique et onomastique, en partant d’une étude empirique de noms de stades de football en France, Allemagne, Angleterre et Espagne, pour valider sur corpus une approche holistique, discursive, cognitive et interdisciplinaire de la néologie. En effet, à cette fin, nous déployons un cadre théorique reposant sur la reconnaissance des limites des modèles formels de néologie, afin d’intégrer les variables discursives, dans le but saisir la totalité des mécanismes sociaux régissant l’usage attesté de structures linguistiques. Lesdites structures se caractérisent par une non-compositionnalité et une linéarisation informationnelle spécialisée. En effet, les noms de stade, issus du processus de naming, relatif à la commodification du secteur du football, déploient un schéma néologique nouveau tel que , permettant de générer des réalisations, tels que Allianz Arena ou Emirates Stadium. Cette analyse des noms de stade s’insère dans un projet plus vaste d’étude des discours de spécialité.

Arboretums have been used for decades for scientific, educational, horticultural and aesthetic purposes. Recently, climate change concerns have renewed the interest of the scientific community for these invaluable experimental forest systems. Here, we report a dataset from eight scientific arboretums planted in three contrasted French metropolitan bioclimates: Oceanic, Mountain and Mediterranean. In total, 92,236 trees were planted in 3,678 different plots. Originating from a worldwide range of habitats, from sea-level up to 3,670 m in elevation, the collection spans 711 forest tree taxa (species, subspecies and varieties) from 177 genera. Taxa often include several geographic sources (so-called provenances), often simultaneously in different arboretums, making within species analyses possible. Cool-climate temperate Pinaceae (pines, firs, spruces, hemlocks, etc.) are well represented in the Atlantic and Mountain arboretums while Mediterranean arboretums are particularly rich with genera from the Myrtaceae (mostly eucalypts) and the Pinaceae (mostly pines). Data include survival, growth (height and diameter) and health status. Planted between 1969 and 1976, 338 taxa had survived at time of assessment and occurred as at least one individual in one plot. Data can be used to assess species suitability for ecological restoration and afforestation, and to help improve functional niche modeling. Data accessibility: https://data.inrae.fr/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.15454/RGMM07.

Review

This paper investigates the endurance of a national forest management programme in Burkina Faso called Chantier d'Aménagement Forestier (CAF), which focuses on the participatory sustainable production of fuelwood and is widely supported by international donors despite evidence of its shortcomings. We analyse the surprising persistence of the CAF model as a case of the territorialisation of state power through the reproduction of political forests – drawing on the work of Peluso and Vandergeest (2001, 2011). Analysing some the shortcomings and incoherencies of the model, we bring to light the role of non-state actors in the reproduction of the CAF as a political forest. We show that informal regulatory arrangements have emerged between state and non-state actors, namely merchants and customary authorities, over the production of fuelwood. We call these arrangements fuelwood territorialities because they have contributed to keeping the CAF's resource model unquestioned. With fuelwood territorialities, we draw attention to the role of non-state actors in the reproduction of political forests, that is, the process of state territorialisation through forest governance. This analysis helps clarify how certain areas, such as the CAFs, keep being officially represented as forest even though they are dominated by a patchwork of fields, fallows, and savannahs and do not have the ecological characteristics of one.

This paper aims to analyze German caused-motion constructions such as jn aus dem Bett klingeln from both a phraseological and constructional perspective. Section 1 shows how the traditional definition of phraseologisms is nowadays challenged by new developments in construction grammar, especially within Goldberg’s framework. Section 2 focuses on the various possibilities existing in German to express causativity and proposes a continuum from mere morphological signs to the constructions under consideration here. Section 3 exemplifies the cognitive inscription of these causative constructions through the underlying frame semantic level. In section 4 we finally argue that several aspects of these structures, such as lexical constraint, figuration, and productivity suggest that some kinds of constructions should be integrated, at least peripherally, into the phraseological system of the given language.