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Departing from the notion of the “making of a socialist type of personality”, the article traces out an unparalleled, comparative analysis of the female image as it has been fashioned during the post-war period by the Soviet magazine “Krestjanka” (“Peasant”, founded in 1922) and by its Polish counterpart “Przyjaciółka” (“Friend”), established in 1948. In particular, it analyses the shift from the highly recognizable roles Soviet ideologists were pleading for by dividing women between “workers” and “peasants” (as synthesized by the very titles of the two most popular female periodicals in the USSR) to a more complex image of “friend”. In the People’s Republic of Poland (PRL) ideological propaganda went along with the attempt to give voice to women themselves. In this perspective letters addressed by the readers to the editorial board became a main feature of the magazine itself, turning it into a discussion platform which played an essential role in overcoming of the trauma of war.

Escherichia coli can harbor a broad repertoire of virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, which can be exchanged across the human gastrointestinal microflora, thus posing a public health risk. In this study, six batches of artisanal soft cheese and a 6-month ripened fermented dried sausage were investigated to assess the occurrence, phylogeny, and genomic traits (AMR, virulence, and mobilome) of E. coli. Thirty and three strains isolated from salami and cheese food chains, respectively, were confirmed as E. coli by whole genome sequencing. The accumulation of single nucleotide polymorphism differences within small clusters of strains encompassing batches or processing stages, combined with high serotype and phylogroup diversity, suggested the occurrence of different contamination phenomena among the facilities. A total of eight isolates harbored plasmid-mediated resistance genes, including one cheese strain that carried an IncQ1 plasmid carrying AMR determinants to macrolides [mph(B)], sulfonamides (sul1, sul2), trimethoprim (dfrA1), and aminoglycosides [aph(3'')-Ib and aph(6)-Id]. A pool of virulence-associated genes in the class of adhesion, colonization, iron uptake, and toxins, putative ColV-positive iron uptake systems sit, iro, or iuc (eight salami and two cheese), plasmid-encoded hemolysin operon hlyABCD (one salami), and potential atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (three salami environment) were reported. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of routine surveillance of E. coli in the artisanal food chain to prevent the dissemination of AMR and virulence.

Through a contemporary reading of architectural history, this text aims to elaborate on intersectional study of architecture and gender theory. The aspiration is to provide a critical model to overcome the anatomical, formal and identity politics readings that have dominated the study of the relations between gender and architecture so far. When the fabric of space contains a particular set of social relations, what space is granted to those who exist on the margins of white, male subjectivity?

L'autrice si concentra sul topos dei progetti non realizzati o rifiutati. Sono affrontati due casi studio legati alla sua esperienza come direttrice del Centre Pompidou-Metz, apparentemente utopici, che spingono a riflettere sulla creazione di progetti per coinvolgere maggiormente pubblico nell'azione.

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The management of maintenance activities is an ongoing concern for facility managers in the existing building sector due to its complexity and uncertainty. This applies all the more to cultural heritage as protection, preservation and enhancement are a priority in order to keep the artistic and cultural value of historical assets for future generations. In addition, problems related to the increasingly limited economic resources complicate maintenance management processes. Therefore, it has become a common standard to carry out maintenance activities only when actual emergencies occur, thus causing inefficiencies in the planning of Facility Management activities and an increase in maintenance costs. This paper shows a method to support the management decision-making in maintenance activities through Building Condition Assessment (BCA) processes integrated with Building Information Modeling (BIM) systems. The main objective is to develop a maintenance management strategy and support technicians in identifying maintenance priorities in a practical, simple and automated way in order to optimise procedures and costs. To achieve such a goal, the method proposes a BCA process that uses the following tools: 1) building breakdown structure according to UNI 8290 adapted to historic buildings; 2) a degradation level index and a technological and operational connection matrix to assess opportunity maintenance; 3) field inspections and data collection on Excel spreadsheets acting as external Database; 4) data management in BIM environment using Revit as BIM Authoring Software and Dynamo scripts as visual programming language (VPL) to link external Database to BIM model. The results highlight the important role of BIM in Facility Management of existing buildings and buildings of historical and cultural value by allowing the continuous update of information in a single BIM model for BCA purposes and shows a great potential to support facility managers in managing building maintenance activities and optimising costs.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the resistome and virulome diversity of 43 isolates of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and S. aureus collected from artisanal fermented meat and dairy products and their production environments in Portugal, Spain, Italy and Morocco. After DNA extraction, genomes were sequenced, and de novo assembled. Genetic relationships among genomes were investigated by SNP calling and in silico 7- loci MLST. Genomes of the same species belonged to different ST-types demonstrating the circulation of different clones in in the same artisanal production plant. One specific clone included genomes of S. Paratyphi B belonging to ST43 and repeatedly isolated for more than a year in an artisanal sausage production plant. No genomes but three (belonging to Salmonella enterica), were predicted as multiresistant to different antimicrobials classes. Regarding virulence, genomes of L. monocytogenes belonging to ST1, ST3 and ST489, as well as genomes of S.enterica enterica (ST43, ST33, ST314, ST3667, ST1818, ST198) and ST121 S. aureus were predicted as virulent and hypervirulent. The occurrence of virulent and hypervirulent L. monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and S. aureus strains in artisanal fermented meat and dairy productions as well as in their finished products suggests the need for a specific focus on prevention and control measures able to reduce the risk of these biological hazards in artisanal food productions.

The article aims to deal with flow, immersion, and presence and their relation with storytelling and the exploration of space. In sections 2 and 3, we introduce the three concepts both from a psychological and from a neurocognitive approach. In section 4, we analyse a particular video game genre, the “walking simulator,” which focuses on immersion in a narrative and a space rather than in the mechanics of the game and which generates a profound user experience. In paragraph 5, we examine virtual reality artworks based on both storytelling and presence within a space, discussing their immersive nature. We hypothesise that the very concept of experience can be adopted as a key term to describe media engagement, since immersion is an essential requirement for an experience to take place. Finally, in section 6 we introduce and discuss the transformative character of experience, which is the mutual and co-constitutive cognitive becoming triggered by audiovisual media engagements.

Recensione di: Nicoletta Mandolini, Representations of Lethal Gender-Based Violence in Italy between Journalism and Literature, Londra, Routledge, 2022, X + 123 p., ISBN: 9780367636975, £ 35,99.

Neonatal purpura fulminans (NPF) is a rare entity due to a deficiency in anticoagulant protein C or S that leads to the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation with formation of microvascular thrombi and skin and soft tissue necrosis. Three forms of NPF are described: congenital, infectious and idiopathic. Acute infectious purpura fulminans (AIPF) is related to sepsis. Group B Streptococcus spp. is the most frequent pathogen involved in the development of AIPF in newborns. The clinical severity varies according to the underlying cause. The mortality rate of AIPF ranges from 10% to 50%. Limbs are involved more frequently than other areas. Skin lesions may present early as petechial rashes, which rapidly progress to larger ecchymoses. Later in the course, hemorrhagic bullae may form, which contribute to the classic hard eschars characteristic of NPF. Differential diagnosis with necrotizing fasciitis should be performed. Treatment of NPF should be multidisciplinary. Plastic surgeons are frequently involved in the management of soft tissue defects. Surgical treatment consists in early debridement or amputation in more critical cases and subsequent reconstruction by using skin grafts, pedicled or free flaps. Medical research is now focused on bioengineering solutions that can provide better aesthetic and functional outcomes while minimizing surgical sequelae. The aim of this editorial is to present the available options and the state-of-the-art research and scientific advances in local wound care and surgical management of AIPF.

This study was conducted to acquire knowledge on the epidemiology and ecology of some zoonotic agents in snails. Chemical and microbiological analysis was carried out on 46 samples of snails belonging to the species of Helix aspersa and Helix (Eobania) vermiculata. The association between heavy metals and wild snails, a native consumer product in the Region of Sardinia, was determined. The molecular characterisation of Listeria monocytogenes virulence genes has shown a genetic profile that deserves more attention for the improvement of surveillance and risk prevention. Specimens of H. vermiculata showed higher concentrations of cadmium (M=0.80±0.56 mg/kg) than H. aspersa (M=0.61±0.17 mg /kg). A further objective was to determine whether the samples showed significant differences from the point of view of secretion characterisation, in terms of protein content, and to identify species-specific correlations and possible relationships with the environment. The presence of Salmonella enterica sub.sp houtenae (6,14: z4, z23) and Salmonella enterica subsp diarizonae (47: k: e, n, z15) (1 sample), Listeria monoSnails,cytogenes (2 samples) with Molecular characterization of virulence genes together with the measurement of heavy metals in samples of wild snails has shown a health and hygiene profile that would deserve greater attention for the improvement of the surveillance and prevention of microbiological and chemical risk in such products which currently show a tendency towards increase in consumption.

Valentina Parisi N. Punin, L’arte in rivolta. Pietrogrado 1917, traduzione e cura di Nadia Cicognini, Guerini e associati, Milano, 2020. Elena Andrushchenko “Лилина история, ее поэзия, ее образ...” (Рецензия на книгу Елены Погорелой Черубина де Габриак. Неверная комета, Молодая гвардия, Москва, 2020). Iaroslav Golubinov Л. Никифорова, М. Кизилов, Айн Рэнд, Молодая гвардия, Москва 2020.

The article outlines the document production process in some Italian research institutions and compares it to the same pre-pandemic time span by analyzing whether or not the work organization models that have been adopted have had an impact on the completion time of administrative procedures. The aim was to verify the trend of the performance indicators after the pandemic impact and how the absence of employees at work may have influenced the organizational models. Within specific administrative realities, human relationship is often a pillar to carry out activities correctly. The transition to the management of remote procedures carried out totally in digital form caused inevitably important consequences on the expected results.

Digital tools have considerably expanded the possibilities of managing transformation and architectural construction projects, offering the opportunity to obtain virtual models that can also approximate projects behaviour before the construction step. The new digital frontiers, however, do not stop at predicting what will be, as they enter the construction process: in the digital fabrication era, the role of architects and designers takes on the new and unprecedented responsibility of the constructive processuality, more and more governed by the machines, that is invoked in the CAM, the Computer Aided Machine, the process that leads the designed forms towards their realization passing from the definition of the production systems and equipment, to the definition of all the parameters in relation to the material and tools to be used. Which training course will allow future architects to be ready for such work scenarios? The paper develops the previously defined theme also through the description of experiences carried out within the degree course in Architecture of the Polytechnic University of Bari. Project work was integrated with an intense laboratory activity carried out in different locations and more recently at the FabLab Poliba, the Digital Manufacturing Laboratory of the Polytechnic University of Bari.

Technological advances have impacted almost every facet of modern culture and even in the educational methodologies. As new technologies become available, they are often embraced in educational innovation in an attempt to enhance traditional instruction. To this purpose, the “flipped classroom” is a learning model in which content attainment is shifted forward to outside of class, then followed by teacher-facilitated concept application activities in class. The constructivist approach, realized through an active-learning style of teaching, is more important respect to the order with which the teacher participated in the learning process. In this respect, the goal is to provide an alternative teaching approach on environmental issue. In particular, thanks to active learning (flipped classroom) it is possible to know and to appreciate a new \textit{eco-friendly} material named to “Geopolymers”. One of the most important environmental advantage that can be attributed to this material is represented by the lower energy requirements for its production. Thus, this material could represent a potential tool able to mitigate the environmental pollution. In this regard, the geopolymers could provide a possible solution to wastes reuse as a resource to scale down the demand for extraction of new resources. This paper looks at some positive aspects of technology and waste treatment, and deals with the production of innovative building materials obtained by waste recycling known as geopolymers. Specifically, it is important to highlight the possibility of using wastes characterized by high silica and aluminum amounts as raw materials, particularly suitable to produce geopolymers by chemical activation with alkali. This is a useful method to improve hazardous-waste management and to reduce health and environmental issues due to the strong capability of make inert hazardous waste. This solution confirms the importance of re-manufacturing, reusing and recycling and, moreover, making a waste a new raw material and helps to move toward a more circular economy where wastes become negligible and further natural resources are used in an efficient and sustainable way. The proposed topic is addressed to students and aims to arouse their interest in the fields of the environmental protection and waste management, but overall it gives the perspective of natural resource preservation, and a most efficient way of their use without depleting the planet's resources.

Over the last few years, the landscape of treatments for axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) has been rapidly evolving, urging international scientific societies to draft or update existing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on the management of axial SpA. The Italian Society for Rheumatology (SIR) committed to provide revised and adapted evidence- and expert-based recommendations for the management of patients with axial SpA in Italy. A systematic approach to the adaptation of existing CPGs - the ADAPTE methodology - was adopted to obtain updated recommendations suitable for the Italian context. A systematic literature search was performed in Medline and Embase databases to find international CPGs and consensus statements with recommendations for the management of axial SpA published in the previous five years. A working group composed of rheumatologists with proven experience in the management of axial SpA and methodologists identified the key research questions which guided study selection and data extraction. Guideline quality was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II tool. The Italian recommendations were developed by endorsing or adapting and rewording some existing recommendations. The draft of the recommendations was sent to a multidisciplinary group of external reviewers for comment and rating. Six original CPGs were selected and used to create this SIR CPG, which includes a final set of 14 recommendations covering the management of patients with axial SpA across the following domains: assessment, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, and follow-up. The dissemination and implementation of these SIR recommendations are expected to support an evidencebased clinical approach to the management of patients with axial SpA in Italy.

Fibromyalgia or fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is defined as a central sensitization syndrome characterized by the dysfunction of neurocircuits detecting, transmitting and processing nociceptive stimuli; the prevalent manifestation is musculoskeletal pain. In addition to pain, there are multiple accompanying symptoms, in common with other algo-dysfunctional syndromes, which are reflected in a broad spectrum of somatic, neurocognitive and neuro-vegetative manifestations. An evidence-based approach is essential in FMS management, in order to improve patient health and to reduce its social burden. Since in the last ten years new international guidelines for clinical practice (Clinical Practice Guidelines or CPGs) concerning FMS diagnosis and pharmacological/ non-pharmacological management have been published, the Italian Society of Rheumatology (SIR) has decided to adapt them to the Italian national setting. The framework of the Guidelines International Network Adaptation Working Group was adopted to identify, appraise (AGREE II), synthesize, and customize the most recent CPGs on FMS to the needs of the Italian healthcare context. A working group of rheumatologists from SIR epidemiology unit and FMS experts identified relevant clinical questions to guide the systematic review of the literature. The target audience of these CPGs included physicians and healthcare professionals who manage FMS. The adapted recommendations were finally assessed by an external multidisciplinary panel. From the systematic search in databases (Pubmed/Medline, Embase) and grey literature, 6 CPGs were selected and appraised by two independent raters. The combination of the scientific evidence underlying the original CPGs with expert opinion lead to the development of 17 recommendations. The quality of evidence for each recommendation was reported and their potential impact on clinical practice was assessed. These SIR recommendations are expected to be a valuable aid in the diagnosis and treatment of FMS, as they will contribute to disseminate the best practice on the basis of the current scientific evidence.

Antithetical reconstructions on the youth condition emerge from two recent texts, both published in 2019: La società signorile di massa by Luca Ricolfi (published by La nave di Teseo) and La società del Quinto Stato by Maurizio Ferrera (published by Laterza). What makes them interesting is that, although the both authors analyse in the European and international context, the young people they talk about seem to come from different realities.In this critical note we retrace the most interesting themes of both volumes, we highlight perplexities and we wonder how much the adult world is able to see in the youthful condition an opportunity and not just a problem.

Mixed families, in Europe as in Italy, constitute a rapidly expanding phenomenon. This essay analyses the way in which extraneousness-otherness are embodied in the kinning of the mixed couples involved. The paper is divided into two sections; in the first, we will discuss how the kinning process related to migratory regimes acts as a device for the differentiation of family and national belonging; in the second, we will analyse the family mixedness in action in the kinning process of mixed family particularly of Italian-Moroccan families. This section will be focused especially how different attitudes and ways of dealing with the visible somatic trace of the child born in mixed family are part of kining process.

This paper describes the first confirmed case of a subclinical mastitis caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in a dairy cow from Italy. Milk samples from an adult cow of the Bruna breed were analyzed accordingly to standard milk cultivation protocols. Bacteriological examinations allowed to isolate atypical Gram-negative rods identified as Y. pseudotuberculosis using biochemical tests. The isolate was subjected to Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and the species identification was confirmed using rMLST. Moreover, the virulence and antibacterial susceptibility of the isolate have been also determined. The most common virulence genes were screened through WGS, showing the presence of inv, ail, pil and HPI genes. No antibiotic resistance was found. Even though scarcely described as causal agent of subclinical mastitis, the detection of Y. pseudotubercolusosis suggests that this pathogen could be spread to humans through raw milk, representing a potential food safety hazard.

Members of Bacillus cereus group are important food contaminants and they are of relevant interest in food safety and public heath due to their ability to cause two distinct forms of food poisoning, emetic and diarrhoeal syndrome. In the present study, 90 strains of B. cereus isolated from dairy products, have been typed using Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) analysis and investigated for the occurrence of 10 enterotoxigenic genes (hblA, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB, nheC, cytK, entFM, entS and bceT) and one emetogenic gene (ces), to determine their genetic diversity. A total of 58 sequence types were identified and among these 17 were signalled as new profiles. Among the virulence genes, the majority of our strains carried the entS (92%), entFM (86%), nhe (82%) and cytK (72%) genes. All remaining genes were identified in at least one strain with different prevalence, stressing the genetic diversity, how even the different grade of pathogenicity of B. cereus isolated from dairy products.

Questo documento presenta le Linee Guida per la gestione sostenibile delle venute d’acqua e del calore geotermico nelle gallerie, elaborate dal Gruppo di Lavoro GESTAG (GEstione SosTenibile delle Acque nelle Gallerie), istituito il 20/06/2012 dal Comitato Italiano dell’Associazione Internazionale degli Idrogeologi. Il documento affronta e descrive obiettivi, metodi e casi di studio, ciascuno dei quali richiede di adottare misure tecniche di vario tipo, illustrate nei capitoli seguenti, come studi idrogeologici, modelli predittivi degli impatti, soluzioni tecnologiche di contenimento del drenaggio e di captazione, recupero e valorizzazione delle risorse intercettate, monitoraggi. Sono affrontati anche i così detti temi non tecnici, come la comunicazione, poiché è ormai noto che l’accettabilità sociale di una galleria influenza direttamente la sua sostenibilità economica e finanziaria, per gli effetti che può avere sui tempi di realizzazione e sui costi delle compensazioni. Sulla base delle diverse esperienze dei componenti del Gruppo di Lavoro GESTAG, si è optato per una suddivisione in 11 temi principali, in particolare, in ciascuno dei capitoli successivi a quello introduttivo vengono trattati rispettivamente: Capitolo 2: l’importanza del ritorno di esperienza proveniente da gallerie già scavate, le banche dati disponibili e i criteri di analisi dei dati pregressi; Capitolo 3: come realizzare lo studio idrogeologico di una galleria, la relazione con il modello geologico, le metodiche da adottare nelle differenti fasi del progetto, che sono state distinte in ante-operam, in corso d’opera e post-operam; Capitolo 4: il tema degli impatti che il drenaggio in galleria può avere sull’ambiente circostante, le analisi che devono essere svolte e gli strumenti da adottare per la gestione del rischio, infine gli interventi per la mitigazione degli impatti; Capitoli 5 e 6: le metodiche di progettazione per la valorizzazione rispettivamente delle acque drenate in galleria e del calore; Capitolo 7: i prodotti chimici che vengono utilizzati in fase di scavo per il sostegno e il miglioramento del terreno, e la loro compatibilità con l’utilizzo delle acque drenate; Capitolo 8: i criteri di monitoraggio delle acque in un progetto di galleria; Capitolo 9: la comunicazione, il rapporto con i territori e l’analisi di casi pregressi, nonché una guida sulle buone pratiche da adottare; Capitolo 10: una panoramica sulla normativa europea ed italiana in tema di valutazione di impatto ambientale, monitoraggio e scarichi delle acque drenate; Capitolo 11: la bibliografia ragionata inerente l’argomento trattato, che include pubblicazioni tecnico scientifiche, normative di riferimento e risorse web.

L’articolo presenta la decrittazione e ricostruisce il contesto storico di una lettera cifrata di Federico re di Napoli ai Re Cattolici, conservata nel ms. Espagnol 318 della BnF, per la cui cifratura è stato utilizzato insolitamente il cifrario in dotazione all’ambasciatore spagnolo a Napoli nello stesso periodo, Joan Ram Escrivà.

This paper focuses on the primacy in the operatic text of the singer’s performance. It shows how this primacy has been opposed in the whole course of opera history, making reference to the Puppet Opera in XVII-XVIII centuries; to Stanislavsky’s reforms of singers’ acting and performance; to Meyerhold’s experimentations and opera theatre directions; to the recent digital reconstruction of Maria Callas’ body in Virtual Tosca.

In the last twenty years, one of the most discussed theoretical issues in photography theory is certainly that concerning the relation between analogical photography and digital photography: are these art forms different, or is the latter just a technological upgrade of the former? Usually, in order to respond to this question, theorists turn their attention to the role assumed by the subjects (how users consider photography? Did they change the way to use it?) or to the device (is the “index” still intact, or does the digital conversion interrupt the process?). In this article, I will try to demonstrate that the question is wrong, and is based on a weak assumption; after a brief review of the debate on philosophy of photography, and on the so called post-photography, I will claim that the medial impact employed by the device on the subject (i.e. in this case the aesthetic function of the photographic picture) is caused by the prosthetic function arising from the medial regulation between individual and surrounding environment.

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Pietro Bartolo nasce a Lampedusa il 10/02/1956 da una famiglia di pescatori. Consegue a Catania la laurea in Medicina e Chirurgia nel 1983 e, successivamente, nella stessa città si specializza in Ostetricia e Ginecologia. Dal 1991 al 2019 ricopre il ruolo di dirigente medico dell’unico presidio sanitario dell’isola. Da quella data, inoltre, gli viene affidata la carica di ufficiale sanitario. Dai primi arrivi di migranti a Lampedusa (1991) si occupa della gestione del fenomeno migratorio sull’isola dal punto di vista sanitario fornendo assistenza medica durante gli sbarchi. Dal 18 marzo 2011, con nota prot.n° 26694, è individuato come coordinatore della gestione di tutte le attività sanitarie inerenti l’emergenza immigrazione dall’Assessorato Regionale della Salute. È stato membro del Comitato Tecnico Regionale, Multidisciplinare “Emergenza Migranti”. Nell’ambito della sensibilizzazione al fenomeno dell’immigrazione prende parte al docufilm “Fuocoammare” (2016) del regista Gianfranco Rosi, vincitore dell’Orso d’Oro a Berlino. Scrive, inoltre, il libro “Lacrime di Sale” (Mondadori, 2016) in cui racconta la sua storia e la sua esperienza nella gestione del fenomeno migratorio; racconto che prosegue con un altro libro, “Le Stelle di Lampedusa” (Mondadori, 2018). La sua attività è stata riconosciuta con svariati premi e onorificenze, tra cui si ricordano: “Paul Harris Fellow” (Rotary International, 2011), Onorificenza di Cavaliere dell’Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana (2014), Premio “Sergio Vieira De Mello” (Cracovia, 2015), Premio “Ripple of Hope” ed inserimento tra i “Defenders of Human Rights” (Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Italia), Premio “Living Stone” (Fondazione INLIA, Gröningen, 2016), Onorificenza di Commendatore dell’Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana (2016), “Prix de la Tolerance Marcel Rudloff” (Strasburgo, 2017), “Goodwill Ambassador” per Unicef (2017), Premio letterario “Leopold Staff” nella categoria personalità dell’anno (Varsavia, 2017), Onorificenza di Cavaliere Ufficiale dell’Ordine Equestre di Sant’Agata (Repubblica di San Marino, 2018). Alle elezioni europee 2019, candidato nelle liste Pd per le circoscrizioni Italia insulare e Italia centrale, è stato eletto in entrambe. Dopo l’inizio del mandato il 2 luglio 2019, ricopre diversi incarichi nelle istituzioni europee, fra cui il ruolo di Vicepresidente della Commissione per le libertà civili, la giustizia e gli affari interni.

Objective: to provide evidence-based up-to-date recommendations for the management of patients with a definite diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). Methods: A systematic literature review was performed to find the existing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on PMR and the framework of the Guidelines International Network Adaptation Working Group was used to appraise (AGREE II), synthesize, and customize the recommendations according to the needs of the Italian healthcare context. Rheumatologists on behalf of the Italian Society of Rheumatology (SIR) and from the SIR Epidemiology Unit joined the working group and identified the key health questions on PMR to guide the systematic literature review. Physicians, including general practitioners and specialists, and health professionals who manage PMR in the clinical practice were the target audience. The final recommendations were rated externally by a multi-disciplinary and multi-professional group of stakeholders. Results: From the systematic search in databases (Medline, Embase) and grey literature, 3 CPGs were identified and appraised by two independent raters. Combining the statements and the evidence from these CPGs, 9 recommendations were developed by endorsement or adaptation in response to the initial key health questions. The quality of evidence was graded and the working group discussed the final recommendations in view of their implementation in the Italian healthcare context. Conclusions: In absence of national guidelines so far, these recommendations are the first to provide guidance for the management of patients with a diagnosis of PMR in Italy and they are expected to ensure the best evidence-based clinical practice for this disease.

El Proyecto Común de Lectura es una iniciativa de diversos miembros educativos relacionados con la lectura y explotación de textos literarios. En este artículo, presentamos y valoramos críticamente las actividades de lectura que los miembros de este Proyecto implementaron a partir de un interés común de lectura: facilitar la sólida construcción de la competencia lectora y literaria en estudiantes de edades iniciales, de Educación Primaria y de ESO. El texto literario que se seleccionó para tal fin es el de Las Aventuras de Pinocchio (1882-1883), de Carlo Collodi. Además, se muestra cómo el trabajo de lectura interdisciplinar a partir de la metodología del centro de interés contribuye a que esta pueda ser explotada en diferentes niveles de enseñanza-aprendizaje, y desde diferentes ópticas de lectura y comprensión del texto literario.

En 1840 se publica Voyage en Icarie una obra que revela uno de los proyectos de socialismo utópico más importantes del siglo XIX. Su autor, Étienne Cabet, probablemente se había inspirado en la lectura de Utopía de Tomás Moro. Esta lectura produjo en el político francés tal impresión que decidió cambiar totalmente su estrategia política. A los pocos años de la primera edición del Viaje a Icaria, un grupo de republicanos catalanes emprende la publicación por entregas de esta obra en el periódico La Fraternidad, y empieza a difundir las ideas de Cabet a través de la publicación de los artículos de Le Populaire. Es el inicio del grupo cabetiano más importante fuera de Francia. El objetivo de este texto es analizar el legado que Moro tuvo en el proyecto utópico de Cabet para ver, efectivamente, que propuestas del político inglés seguían siendo actuales a los ojos de los pensadores utópicos del siglo XIX; sobre todo a la luz del interés que despertó la propuesta utópica cabetiana en el contexto político español.PALABRAS CLAVE: comunismo icariano, Étienne Cabet, Utopía, Tomás Moro, Monturiol--Voyage en Icarie was published in 1840, this is a book that reveals one of the most important utopian’s projects of the 19th century. His author, Étienne Cabet, was influenced by More’s Utopia in such a manner that he decided to change completely his political strategy. A few years after the publication of The Voyage to Icaria’s first edition, a group of Catalans Republicans decided to publish this book in Spanish in the weekly newspaper La Fraternidad. They also started to propagate Cabet’s ideas through the publication of articles of the newspaper Le Populaire. This is the beginning of the most important icarian group out of France. The purpose of this text is to investigate More’s legacy for this utopian project, and find out which proposals of the English chancellor could be valid for a utopian thinker of the 19th century, mainly due to the interest aroused by the icarian proposal in Spain.KEYWORDS: icarian communism, Étienne Cabet, Utopia, Thomas More, Monturiol.

The parent-child relationship is a dynamic, socially and legally constructed relationship. The relationship between filiation and parenting calls in play the ties between social construction and ideology of kinship and its normative determination. Through the analysis of two sentences on lesbian and gay parenting, we analyze the way in which the request for the legal recognition of homoparenting produces a circulation of cultural, symbolic and scientific references between society and the courts. These judgments call in play the legal relationships and the actions of the subjects capable of producing new legal regulations and new representations of family, parenting and filiation ties.

Nowday, mixed couples, in Italy, as well as elsewhere in Europe, are a growing phenomenon, directly related to the migration and to the globalization of human mobility. Despite the tendency to choose a foreign spouse, the Italian society continues to look at this marriage ambivalently. Based on ethnographic research on the Italian-Moroccan families, the article specifically address the issues related to the divorce. Thanks to research data it will be possible to highlight how the different positions of the subjects in the conflict produces a different narrative and reconstruction of family and couples crisis and of divorce also we will see how the gender difference produces a different conceptualization of conflict and of divorce.

This essay focuses on the risk of solitude of smart workers, i.e. those people who perform mobile, remotely and digitally intensive relations of work. Reduction in face-to-face interactions with organizational members can have negative effects on either their professional identity and sense of community, or their extra-work life. On the other side, a growing number of mobile workers is discovering novel social spaces and collective practices (e.g. Coworking Centers, Fab Labs). On the basis of a review of theoretical and research literature, and the analysis of data from the European Working Condition Survey, we connect the interpretation of smart working and of new digitalized practices of collaborative work. Is smart working a win win solution for organizations and workers or merely a new form of intensification of work? Do the new practices of collaborative work overcome the risk of isolation posed by the remote work? Or are they perfectly complementary to smart working to reduce labor costs and share human capital? As empirical evidence does not permit to formulate clear answers to these questions, we try to identify trend lines for some future scenarios in terms of risks and opportunities.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterised by chronic joint inflammation, leading to functional disability and increased risk of premature death. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are expected to play a key role in improving management of RA, across the different phases of the disease course. Since new evidence has become available, the Italian Society for Rheumatology (SIR) has been prompted to update the 2011 recommendations on management of RA. The framework of the Guidelines International Network Adaptation Working Group was adopted to identify, appraise (AGREE II), synthesize, and customize the existing RA CPGs to the Italian healthcare context. The task force consisting of rheumatologists from the SIR Epidemiology Research Unit and a committee with experience in RA identified key health questions to guide a systematic literature review. The target audience includes physicians and health professionals who manage RA in practice, and the target population includes adult patients diagnosed as having RA. An external multi-disciplinary committee rated the final version of the CPGs. From the systematic search in databases (Medline, Embase) and grey literature, 6 CPGs were selected and appraised by two independent raters. Combining evidence and statements from these CPGs and clinical expertise, 8 (Management) +6 (Safety) recommendations were developed and graded according to the level of evidence. The statements and potential impact on clinical practice were discussed and assessed. These revised recommendations are intended to provide guidance for the management of RA and to disseminate the best evidence-based clinical practices for this disease.

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Gout is a chronic disease with an increased risk of premature death related to comorbidities. Treatment of gout has proved suboptimal and clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are expected to have a key role in achieving improvement. Since new evidence has become available, the Italian Society for Rheumatology (SIR) has been prompted to update the 2013 recommendations on the diagnosis and management of gout. The framework of the Guidelines International Network Adaptation Working Group was adopted to identify, appraise (AGREE II), synthesize, and customize the existing gout CPGs to the needs of the Italian healthcare context. The task force consisting of rheumatologists from the SIR Epidemiology Unit and a committee with experience on gout identified key health questions to guide a systematic literature review. The target audience includes physicians and health professionals who manage gout in practice, and the target population includes adult patients suspected or diagnosed as having gout. These recommendations were finally rated by an external multi-disciplinary commission. From a systematic search in databases (Medline, Embase) and grey literature, 8 CPGs were selected and appraised by two independent raters. Combining evidence and statements from these CPGs and clinical expertise, 14 recommendations were developed and graded according to the level of evidence. The statements and potential impact on clinical practice were discussed and assessed. These revised recommendations are intended to provide guidance for the diagnosis and the treatment of gout and to disseminate the best evidence-based healthcare for this disease.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease leading to functional decline and loss in quality of life. Knees, hands and hips are frequently affected joints with a relevant clinical and socio-economic burden. An evidence-based approach to OA management is essential in order to improve patients’ health and to decrease social burdens. Since new international clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) focused on diagnosis or pharmacological/non-pharmacological treatment have become available in the last ten years, the Italian Society for Rheumatology (SIR) was prompted to revise and customize them for a multidisciplinary audience of specialists involved in the management of OA. The framework of the Guidelines International Network Adaptation Working Group was adopted to identify, appraise (AGREE II), synthesize, and customize the existing CPGs on OA to the needs of the Italian healthcare context. The task force, consisting of rheumatologists from the SIR epidemiology research unit and a committee with experience of OA, identified key health questions to guide a systematic review of published guidelines. The target audience included physicians and health professionals who manage OA. An external panel of stakeholders rated the guidelines. From a systematic search in databases (Pubmed/Medline, Embase) and grey literature, 11 CPGs were selected and appraised by two independent raters. Combining evidence and statements from these CPGs and clinical expertise, 16 guidelines were developed and graded according to the level of evidence. Agreement and potential impact on clinical practice were assessed. These revised guidelines are intended to provide guidance for diagnosis and treatment of OA and to disseminate best evidence-based strategies management of the disease.

Arcobacter butzleri is a pathogenic aerobic bacterium responsible for diarrhea and septicemia in humans. It is frequently isolated from food products of animal origin, including milk and dairy products. To data, few reports are currently available on the genetic characteristics and virulence profiles of A. butzleri. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and to characterize the virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles of 10 A. butzleri strains isolated from bovine milk samples by Whole Genome Sequence (WGS). Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) revealed that three isolates belonged to the ST66, two to the ST420 and the remaining five strains to the ST627, ST629, ST630, ST633 and ST637, respectively. The 100% of the strains carried cadF, pldA, ciaB, cj1349, mviN and tlyA virulence factors genes; 60% iroE; 50% irgA; 10% hecB. Resistome prediction showed a multidrug resistance: 100% of isolates resulted resistant to fluoroquinolones and tetracycline; 90% of strains to rifampicin and cephalosporins and a minor percentage to other antibiotics. Furthermore, the 50% of strains harbored four mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis katG gene conferring resistance to isoniazid. The study provided interesting data on the virulence characteristics and on the genetic endowment related to the antimicrobial resistance of A. butzleri isolates from milk. The determination of the STs also added information concerning the genetic variability of this microorganism. To date, a very limited number of studies have been published on the typing of A. butzleri using WGS, so this paper proposes an innovative methodological approach that allows a rapid and complete characterization of pathogenic microorganisms.

The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Arcobacter spp. in bovine bulk tank milk produced in Apulia Region (Italy). Samples collected from 396 dairy farms, after enrichment in a selective broth, were subjected to an Arcobacter genus - specific Real Time PCR. Positive broths, previously filtered, were seeded on Karmali, MCCD and Columbia Blood Agar plates; presumptive Arcobacter spp. colonies were identified using an amplification and sequencing method and then characterized by Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST). Prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in bovine milk samples was 5% (20/396); A. butzleri was the only isolated species, in agreement with previous studies that reported A. butzleri as the most commonly recovered species in milk and dairy products. MLST analysis of the 20 A. butzleri strains identified 81 alleles and 16 STs. Consistent with previous studies, MLST revealed a high level of heterogeneity between the A. butzleri isolates and confirmed the high discriminatory power of this method and its suitability for epidemiological investigations. This study confirmed the importance of raw milk as a possible source of Arcobacter spp. for humans.

The aim of this study was to assess microbiota and microbiological hazards in poultry carcasses from animals reared in conventional (n=15) and antibiotic free (n=15) farms. An aliquot of neck and breast skin was obtained from each individual carcass at the end of the refrigeration tunnel and submitted to DNA extraction. Total DNA was sequenced in the 16S rRNA and reads analysed with MG-RAST to classify the colonising bacteria up to the genus level and compare each taxonomic group in terms of mean relative frequency of abundance in conventional and antibiotic free carcasses. Firmicutes displayed abundances always higher than 38% but did not show statistically significative differences between conventional and antibiotic free carcasses. On the contrary, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were significantly higher in antibiotic free then conventional carcasses (21.57 vs 10.95%; 19.29 vs 12.05%), whereas Proteobacteria were higher in the latter (33.19 vs 19.52%). The genera significantly higher in antibiotic free than conventional carcasses were Chryseobacterium (10.07 vs 1.94%), Rothia (3.08 vs 0.77%) and Micrococcus (1.12 vs 0.16%), while Shewanella was significantly higher in conventional carcasses (1.38 vs 0.26%). Among Firmicutes, the genera significantly higher in conventional carcasses were Ureibacillus (1.45 vs 0.11%) and Bacillus (3.28 vs 0.56%). The higher abundance of Proteobacteria in conventional carcasses might suggest that hygienic conditions in conventional farms are worse than antibiotic free farms. However, from a food safety point of view, Salmonella was not detected in both kinds of carcasses and the Campylobacter mean relative frequency of abundance was always lower than 0.4%.

In the present study, the genetic relationships as well as the virulome and resistome of newly sequenced O26 and O157 Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) isolates, collected from dairy farms in Italy, were investigated in comparison to publicly available genomes collected worldwide. The whole genome of Italian isolates was sequenced on Illumina MiSeq Platform. Reads quality control, de novo draft genome assembly, species confirmation and the 7-loci Multi-Locus Sequence Type assignment were performed using INNUca pipeline. Reference-based SNPs calling was performed on O157 and O26 genomes, separately, mapping contigs to high-quality finished genomes. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants were detected in silico using the tool ABRicate. Phylogenetic reconstructions revealed that genomes clustered mainly based on their 7-loci MLST type. The virulome of tested genomes included 190 determinants. O157 genomes carried chu genes associated to heme mediated iron uptake, whereas O26 genomes harboured genes ybt associated to siderophore mediated iron uptake. Resistome analysis showed the presence of tet(34) on all but one O157 genomes and on only one O26 genomes. Only 4 genomes carried genes associated to multiresistance. In the present study, the genes chu and ybt were identified as potential biomarker for the differentiation of O157 and O26 serotypes.

Il contributo pone in relazione le trasformazioni socioeconomiche in corso nello spazio urbano e nelle culture dell’abitare con gli interessi delle piattaforme digitali, facendo ricorso alla chiave di lettura critica del platform capitalism. L’osservazione dei processi economici, culturali e politici in campo sarà condotta a partire dal “caso” Airbnb, proponendo una interpretazione della piattaforma come nuovo attore politico, capace di entrare nel merito delle scelte di governo della città, attivando la partecipazione offline dei propri host e promuovendo una idea di cittadinanza della piattaforma.

Since the ‘90s, there has been a renewal of interest on kinship studies produced by emerging topics within research into gender, personhood and particularly, the construction of kin relationships through Assisted Reproductive Technologies. The deconstruction of kinship as “a natural fact” has definitely questioned and challenged the genealogical dimension of kinship, which was traditionally based on the link between heterosexuality and procreation. The first part of this paper briefly reconstructs the new theories toward Euro-American kinship perceptions in anthropology. The focus is on the changes resulting from new assisted reproduction techniques, low fertility in relation to changes in genealogical space; and finally, issues relating to biopolitics. In the second part, starting from the ethnographic work that proponents have been conducting for years on homo-parental (same sex) families in Italy, the paper explores the way in which “new forms of family” are currently creating new textures of social cohesion and “relatedness”. The reflections of this paper focus on one hand, the different forms of procreative constructions and parenthood/intentional parenthood, and on the other, the production of “multiple genealogies”, new forms of relatedness and a new lexicon of relationships.

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