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With the aim of describing the association between sociodemographic characteristics and contextual factors with COVID-19 mortality during 2020-2021 in the provinces of Mendoza and San Juan in Argentina, we conducted an ecological study, which included the sociodemographic factors: age, sex and educational level, and the contextual factors: poverty and urbanization at the departmental level. The analyses were estimated using negative binomial Bayesian hierarchical models. Educational inequalities existed regardless of socioeconomic context and level of urbanization. The exception was the age group 65 years and older during 2021, which, regardless of educational level, showed a higher risk of death by COVID-19 in departments with high levels of structural poverty. In conclusion, educational inequality is an indicator of social inequality that increases vulnerability to COVID-19 mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetive. To identify the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewater from hospitals in Peru. Materials and methods. Water samples were collected from the effluents of nine hospitals in Peru during March and September 2022. SARS-CoV-2 was identified by using Illumina sequencing. Variant, lineage and clade assignments were carried out using the Illumina and Nextclado tools. We verified whether the SARS-CoV-2 variants obtained from wastewater were similar to those reported by the National Institute of Health of Peru from patients during the same period and region. Results. Eighteen of the 20 hospital wastewater samples (90%) provided sequences of sufficient quality to be classified as the Omicron variant according to the WHO classification. Among them, six (30%) were assigned by Nextclade to clades 21K lineage BA.1.1 (n=1), 21L lineage BA.2 (n=2), and 22B lineages BA.5.1 (n=2) and BA .5.5 (n=1). Conclusions. SARS-CoV-2 variants were found in hospital wastewater samples and were similar to those reported by the surveillance system in patients during the same weeks and geographic areas. Wastewater monitoring could provide information on the environmental and temporal variation of viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease which is characterized by itchy papules as well as involvement of hair, nails and mucosa. Lichen planus shows clinical diversity since various subtypes and uncommon clinical presentations of the disease have been reported. The etiopathogenesis of lichen planus has not been completely elucidated yet. However, lichen planus has been related to viral infections such as hepatitis C virus, human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus infections and vaccination such as influenza and hepatitis B virus vaccines. Lichen planus has also been reported following Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and vaccination against COVID-19. Proinflammatory cytokine synthesis due to T cell activation has been implicated in the development of lichen planus after COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination. Herein, studies that reported the onset or exacerbation of lichen planus following COVID-19 and vaccination against COVID-19 have been reviewed in PubMed database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud (RIICS) is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Maria Cano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The spread of the new Sars-CoV-2 coronavirus marked the start of a long phase of health emergency and quickly led to the adoption of an articulated strategy to contain the contagion. Starting from March 2020, this had important effects on the main areas of individual and collective life also in our country. Priorities of intervention and unprecedented challenges have therefore been imposed on organizations and institutions first of all in the health sector but no less in the economic and social sphere. The aim of the article is to outline an updated profile of the rhythms and professional strategies of social work in Tuscany. Taking advantage of some key concepts and giving voice to the operators through some recent research results, the article analyzes the paths of reorganization of the times and working methods of those who work with the most fragile and vulnerable and question the adequacy of spaces for individual planning and sustainability, with a dedicated attention to the intertwining of individual time and social time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the necessary spreading control measures implemented by the governments have induced drastic changes in daily life. Topics include psychological and emotional impact of lockdown and their relationship with resilience, on adolescents and young adults listed for liver transplant or liver trans-plant recipient, and inverse correlation between CD-RISC.

Copyright of Ingenius, Revista Ciencia y Tecnología is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ingenius, Revista Ciencia y Tecnología is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pedagogía y Saberes is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the beginning of 2020, SARS-CoV 2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Corona Virus 2) has been in the focus of scientific circles and beyond. Finding the most efficient therapeutic protocol in prevention and treatment of the new and unknown COVID – 19 (Corona Virus Disease - 2019) disease has been indentified as especially important. SARS-CoV 2 uses various mechanisms to lead patients to malnutrition, which is detected by a higher frequency of admission to hospital treatment, especially on admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Malnutrition has a negative impact on the course and outcome of the disease. In the pandemic, the number of patients on various types of oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation increased, and in correlation with that, there has been a greater need for knowledge and education of staff to use different diagnostic and therapeutic modalities and different approaches in feeding critically ill patients. Nutritional therapy is the basis for maintaining body weight, supporting respiratory function, as well as helping in the overall recovery of patients. Omega 3 fatty acids, vitamins C and D have shown potentially beneficial effects against COVID-19 diseases. The aim of this paper is to consolidate the current knowledge and recommendations in the field of nutritional therapy in patients with COVID - 19 treated in the Intensive Care Unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To describe the design of the Mexican 2021 National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut 2021). Materials and methods. The Ensanut 2021 is a probabilistic household survey that is part of the continuous Ensanut 2020-2024; survey outreach, sampling, measurement and logistic organization are described. Results. It is planned to obtain at least 12 060 complete household interviews and 9 837 samples to determine SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity at the national level. Conclusions. Ensanut 2021 will allow to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at regional and national level; also, it will accumulate information to make state inferences for the year 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To assess the association of family and housing characteristics with the number of seropositive cases to SARS-CoV-2 in households. Materials and methods. We analyzed 874 households from Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2020 Covid-19 using Poisson regression models. Results. The number of seropositive family members was higher among families composed of children/adolescents, adults and older adults, households with more than two members per bedroom, and among households with closed windows. No association was found for bathroom availability and piped water. Conclusions. Family composition and housing characteristics can impose significant structural barriers to safe home confinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of Covid-19 sequelae and its association with sociodemographic and medical care characteristics. Materials and methods. Mexican adults that experienced Covid-19 symptoms and were seropositive to the N-protein of Sars-CoV-2 in the Ensanut 2020 responded to a question regarding sequelae. Associations were estimated using Poisson regression. Results. The prevalence of sequelae was 15.7%, being higher for people with higher education and who were hospitalized or treated at an emergency room during the acute Covid-19 phase. Conclusions. Self-reported sequelae associated to Covid-19 was frequent. Covid-19 sequelae could represent an important challenge for the health system and the Mexican society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To estimate the seroprevalence of SARSCoV-2 in school aged children in Mexico. Materials and methods. We categorized children and adolescents who participated in 2020 National Health and Nutrition Survey on Covid-19 according to school age and educational level. In seropositive participants, we identified the proportion of asymptomatic infections. We estimated prevalence ratios using a log-binomial regression model. Results. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 for primary and secondary education were 18.7% (95%IC: 14.9, 22.5) and 26.7% (95%IC: 22.1, 31.3), respectively. Asymptomatic infection was more frequent among primary school children (88.5% [95%IC: 80.5, 93.5]). Conclusions. In primary schoolchildren seroprevalence for SARSCoV-2 was low and infections were usually asymptomatic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To analyze the association between seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2 and chronic diseases in Mexican adults and older adults. Materials and methods. We used the 2020 National Health and Nutrition Survey on Covid-19 to evaluate the association of seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2 with high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, body mass index, elevated LDL-c, low HDL-c, high total cholesterol, and hypertriglyceridemia. Results. We observed a higher seropositivity at higher body mass index levels. In adjusted models, seroprevalence was 25% higher among adults with obesity compared to those of normal weight (PR: 1.25 95%CI: 1.08,1.46). We did not observe any association between seropositivity and other chronic diseases in adults or older adults. Conclusions. Adults with obesity could be at increased susceptibility of SARS-CoV2 infection. This observation needs to be confirmed through longitudinal studies. We did not find evidence of an association with other chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To analyze the association between the presence of anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and other household characteristics and the food insecurity in a national sample of Mexican households. Materials and methods. Information at household level about food security (FS), sociodemographic factors, changes in family economy and food consumption was obtained in a national and representative sample. The relation between food insecurity (FI) and household characteristics was established through ordinal logistic regression, multinomial regression models were used to study the self-reported changes in food consumption and FI in the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in at least one inhabitant of the household. Results. Households with seropositive cases shown a lower meat consumption. In those households which suffered an income reduction and had at least one individual positive for anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, the FI-in its higher levels-worsened (OR=1.225; CI95%: 1.04, 1.44). Conclusions. The food insecurity in households during pandemic worsened due to many factors, in this sense integral actions of public policies are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Varicella-zoster virus leads to primary infection, i.e. varicella, and remains in latent form in sensory dorsal root ganglion cells. Further replication and manifestation of skin lesions characteristic for herpes zoster may occur many years later. Primary cutaneous eruptions are blisters, filled with serous content, grouped on an erythematous area, merging into larger blisters. The virus reactivates most often in elderly people, people with impaired immunity, as well as those undergoing radiotherapy or excessive exposure to UV radiation. Recently, many studies indicate a relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and reactivation of varicellazoster virus. It is suggested that skin lesions characteristic for herpes zoster can be the first sign of COVID-19, can coexist with SARS-CoV-2 infection or can appear after recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To analyze the relationship between chronic exposures to air pollution with Covid-19 death rate in Mexican cities. Materials and methods. Ecological study in 25 Mexican cities using the report of daily Covid-19 deaths (from February to June 2020) and validated data of air pollutants, considering average concentrations in each city for the last year. Poisson regression models using generalized additive models with adjustment variables (GAM) were used. Results. A significant increase of 3.5% (95% CI 2.3-4.7) was found in Covid-19 death rate for each 1µg/m3 in annual concentration of NO2. The association with PM2.5 was not significant, with an increase of 1.8% for each 1µg/m3. Conclusions. Results suggest an association between Covid-19 mortality and chronic exposure to NO2. This first approximation of the risk associated with air pollution requires a more precise analysis, but is consistent with what was observed in other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The purpose of the present study is thematic analysis and scientific collaborations of research related to COVID-19 vaccine in Iran and the world based on scientific products indexed in Web of Science (WOS). Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study with a scientometric approach and using the methods of content analysis and techniques of co-word analysis, hierarchical clustering, Strategic graph and social network analysis. The research population is scientific products related to COVID-19 vaccine in the world and in Iran. Data analysis was performed by HistCite, Bibexecl, Gephi and SPSS software; and the data mapping is done by VOS viewer. Results: Between 2019 and 2021, 6005 related studies were retrieved. Unites states is followed by India and China, and the United Kingdom has the most Links. Iran’s rank is 10th with 196 studies. Hierarchical clustering in global research led to the formation of 3 clusters (vaccine development strategy, medical prevention and immunotherapy) and in Iranian research led to the formation of 4 clusters (immunotherapy, diagnosis and treatment cycle, medical prevention and immunology). From scientific collaborations at the country level in world and Iranian studies, 5 clusters were formed, at the level of institutions, 17 and 10 clusters, respectively, and at the level of researchers, 10 and 8 clusters, respectively. Conclusion: Analysis and comparison of world and Iranian studies leads to a better understanding of the prevailing currents, Gaps and discourse in order to increase the quantity and quality of studies, followed by controlling and the eradication of COVID-19 in the shortest possible time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic activation of coagulation and pulmonary thrombo-inflammation with local vascular damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the risk of developing thromboembolic complications: stroke, pulmonary arterial thrombosis (pulmonary thromboembolism) and deep vein thrombosis. Myopericarditis may occurs in COVID-19 patients as part of or after the onset of respiratory symptoms. Minor pericardial effusions up to 1 cm that accompany pericardial involvement are common. In our patient during hospitalization due to bilateral pneumonia caused by SARS-Cov-2 virus during a routine control of D-dimer, elevated values 2.3 fold higher than the reference range were observed, with elevated biomarkers of inflammation. She had symptoms of a respiratory infection and no pronounced clinical symptoms that would indicate pulmonary thromboembolism. MSCT pulmonary angiography was performed and low-risk thromboembolism was confirmed. Anticoagulant therapy was started - therapeutic doses of low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin), which was extended after discharge from the hospital with DOAC (Rivaroxaban) according to the protocol for the treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism. At the control examination after 3 weeks, pericarditis with moderate pericardial effusion was determined. Anticoagulant therapy (DOAC) was extended with the inclusion of colchicine in the therapy according to the protocol for the treatment of pericarditis with effusion. After 3 months of hospitalization in our patient with mild respiratory symptoms, bronchopneumonia of the right lung developed with slightly elevated biomarkers of inflammation and normal values of D-dimer. With prescribed antibiotic therapy and current therapy (DOAC and colchicine), there was a withdrawal of symptoms and regression of pericardial effusion and a reduction in right ventricular overload. At the follow-up examination 5 months after hospitalization, complete regression of pericardial effusion was confirmed with normal biomarkers of inflammation and D-dimer values. It is advisable to exclude anticoagulant therapy (DOAC) with continued low-dose aspirin therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the respiratory infection of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic has now become a global threat. The thrombotic complications are common in COVID-19 patients which have been extensively addressed in various studies. The hemorrhagic complications, however, have received less attention. In this article, 4 cases of COVID-19 patients with hemorrhagic complications are presented. All 4 patients were hospitalized in ICU and received routine COVID-19 treatments such as heparin prophylaxis. During hospitalization, all four patients had rectus sheath hematoma and retroperitoneal hemorrhage. For controlling which, they underwent embolization. Embolization of the inferior epigastric artery and the anterior trunk of internal iliac artery was carried out under fluoroscopy-guided angiography. The active hemorrhage of the patients was controlled. Three patients recovered after the treatment and were discharged while one patient, unfortunately, died due to the severity of the pulmonary involvement, old age, and hemorrhage. First, the hemorrhage of these patients was considered to be the result of the hemorrhagic complications due to the use of heparin. But the hemorrhage volume was not justifiable with the symptoms and complications of prophylaxis dosage of heparin. The attention was gradually drawn to the coagulopathy of the COVID-19 patients. Further investigations are required to clarify the role of effective factors and complications of coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19 and their appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In December 2019, the WHO identified a novel coronavirus that leads to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARSCoV- 2). COVID-19, the disease produced by the novel coronavirus, seem to less affect children and cause severe disease compared to adults, being associated with lower case-fatality rates. Asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF) are the most common chronic lung diseases that affect children and adolescents. It is not well established if there is a higher risk of poor outcomes due to infection with SARS-CoV-2. Research that demonstrated that the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor required for coronavirus recognition and infection may be under-expressed in airways of atopic children, led to a paradox that sets asthma as being a protective condition for COVID-19. Patients with CF manifest cytokine dysfunction and chronic inflammation enhanced by the diversity of pathogens in the airways, mechanisms that overlap with the pathophysiology of COVID-19. International data suggest that very few CF patients experienced symptoms and complications due to COVID-19 and, if the disease is milder than anticipated in CF, this could be related to some protection due to the cellular effect of CFTR mutations associated with viral processing. Taken together, asthma and cystic fibrosis, chronic diseases with significant impact on morbidity and mortality in both children and adults, may serve as a model of factors that may mitigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 and creates opportunities for developing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is facing, after a hundred years, a new pandemic – infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Establishing a therapeutic protocol along with paraclinical infection management is the great challenge of the moment for healthcare professionals all around the world. This paper tries to stadialise the diagnosis methods and paraclinical investigations, establishing the time correspondence between this investigations and laboratory also radiological findings. The positive diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is made by using four methods of testing: RT-PCR molecular method, serological testing by chemiluminescence and ELISA, rapid tests for the determination of IgM and IgG antibodies. Laboratory findings are not disease-specific but studies have shown that lymphopenia occurs in 83% of paediatric hospitalized patients confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Imaging is not recommended for diagnosis or screening purposes in patients with suspected COVID-19, the predictive value of RT-PCR test is ten times higher than the results of pulmonary CT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this retrospective unicenter study we aimed to outline the key features of the first 100 cases of COVID-19 hospitalized in our clinic after designation of it as front line unit for hospitalization of these cases. Thus, the average age of cases was 44.7 years (SD: 15.9) and the prevalence of female was 57.4%. By age groups, prevalence of young patients (7.8%) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the prevalence of adult patients (77.2%). The most prevalent occupation (31.7%) was healthcare worker. The most frecvent exposure to source of infection was represented by attending healthcare facilities (44.6%), followed by having contact with COVID-19 confirmed/suspect case (30.7%), and recent international travel (18.8%). Of the 30% of cases in which at least one health precondition was recorded the most prevalent (13.9%) of such condition was chronic cardiovascular disease including high blood presure. In regard with severity, to note that 6 patients died within 14 days of hospital admission, all fatalities have occurred in very old patients and 83.3% of them had chronic kidney disease. In the end, we express the hope that data outlined in this paper will help for better management of COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health organization in early March 2020. The disease typically presents with viral respiratory symptoms that could progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Emerging evidence suggests different possible dermatologic manifestations of COVID-19, including: acral lesions (pernio-like, pseudo-chillblain), vesicular eruptions, macular and papular exanthema, urticaria, livedoid, purpuric and petechial rashes. However, specific skin manifestations of the COVID-19 disease have not yet been clearly established and the relationship between the appearance of skin lesions and SARS-CoV-2 infection is still unclear. These highly variable skin changes could represent a direct consequence of the viral infection, an immunological response to viral nucleotides, adverse reactions to drugs frequently used for the treatment of COVID-19, or other disorders. In a global effort to comprehend the exact cutaneous features of COVID-19, several international dermatological societies have initiated nationwide studies to analyze COVID-19 cutaneous manifestations during this pandemic. This paper represents a literature review of the scientific data available on the clinical characteristics and symptoms of the cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19. Such findings are extremely useful in establishing if dermatological manifestations in COVID-19 patients could harbor a diagnostic significance and subsequently be used as prognostic factors for outcomes of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Stomatologica Naissi is the property of Clinic of Stomatology Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aims to reflect upon the inherent impacts of social isolation caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the health of pregnant women. It brings up a survey on both physical and psychological aspects of this period on a woman's life, such as physiological and emotional changes. It also raises questions about how these aspects can be directly or indirectly affected by periods of isolation, considering recent research and guidance from health reference organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause long-term disability (prolonged COVID) with neurological manifestations even after mild infections. Reports of peripheral neuropathy and polyneuropathy include Guillain-Barré syndrome, mononeuritis multiplex, brachial plexitis, cranial neuropathies, and orthostatic intolerance. Various prolonged symptoms of COVID overlap with symptoms of small fiber polyneuropathy. Recovery from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection appears to be exponential, with patients reporting a variety of long-term symptoms of COVID, including unexplained fatigue/exertion intolerance and dysautonomic and sensory problems. Indirect evidence links long-term COVID with incident polyneuropathy affecting small fiber (sensory/autonomic) axons. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were analyzed from patients with long COVID, as defined by World Health Organization (WHO), without a previous history of neuropathy or a clinical presentation suggestive of peripheral neuropathy. Standardized symptoms were diagnosed, clinical examination, neurodiagnostic tests and outcomes were performed. Research and monitoring of symptoms lasted for a year. A prospective study examined 68 patients (mean age 43.5 years, 79% of females), 59% had ≥ 1 test results confirming neuropathy. This included 50% of autonomic function tests. Three patients were diagnosed with critical illness axonal neuropathy. While one patient was diagnosed with multifocal demyelinating neuropathy 3 weeks after mild COVID, ≥ 20 were diagnosed with small fiber neuropathy. Longitudinal improvement averaged 72%, although no one reported complete resolution. In 85% of patients, immunotherapy (corticosteroids and/or IV immunoglobulins) was administered. Among evaluated patients with long-term COVID-19 after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, prolonged, often disabling small-fiber polyneuropathy was most common, starting as early as month after the onset of COVID-19 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol consumption in the COVID-19 era is a health emergency. Loneliness and social distancing cause alcohol abuse. Alcohol consumption through a continuum during the isolation period has created new cases of alcohol use disorders. To all this, we must add the increased risk of infection and deteriorating symptoms. In fact, it is known that ethanol reduces the activity of adaptive and acquired immunity and promotes the expression of ACE2 receptors. Healthcare institutions are required to inform citizens properly about alcohol-related problems in this emergency period. Spożywanie alkoholu w czasie pandemii COVID-19 stanowi zagrożenie dla zdrowia. Jego nadużywaniu sprzyjają samotność i konieczność utrzymywania dystansu społecznego. Kontynuowanie konsumpcji alkoholu w czasie izolacji przyczynia się do pojawienia się nowych przypadków zaburzeń związanych z alkoholem. Ponadto należy brać pod uwagę zwiększone ryzyko infekcji i pogorszenia stanu zdrowia, a także fakt, że etanol zmniejsza odporność (adaptacyjną i nabytą) oraz nasila ekspresję receptorów ACE2 (enzymu konwertazy angiotensyny 2). Od instytucji opieki zdrowotnej oczekuje się, że wezmą na siebie obowiązek odpowiedniego informowania obywateli o problemach związanych z używaniem alkoholu w okresie zagrożenia wirusem SARS-CoV-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]