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ObjectiveFennel in animal diets for various purposes including improving weight gain, oxidative quality of meat, digestion and growth efficiency, closed cell volume, small intestine length and weight, carcass efficiency, feed intake, red blood cells and hemoglobin count, feed conversion, efficiency and health status and reduction of the total number of bacteria have been used. On the other hand, the DLK1 gene plays an important role in controlling various processes throughout the fetus and adulthood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of fennel on DLK1 gene expression in Kermani sheep heart using real-time PCR.Materials and Methods In this study, 30 male Kermani lambs (6-month-old) with almost the same weight were selected and randomly divided into three experimental groups (10 in each group). Experimental animals were fed freely and separately with three levels of fennel (0, 1, and 2%) for three months. After slaughtering, the heart weight and fat around the heart were measured and the heart tissue was sampled. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed using standard kits. The expression of DLK1 genes (target gene) and beta-actin gene (reference gene) was performed using proper primers using real-time PCR method and the results were analyzed with the appropriate software.ResultsThe results of the quality assay of extracted RNAs on agarose gel and at A260 / A280 wavelength showed the good quality of total RNA. The results of real-time PCR and electrophoresis of PCR products on agarose gel showed that the DLK1 gene was expressed in heart tissue. Adding fennel to the diet did not significantly change the weight of the heart and the weight of fat around the heart compared to the control diet. The results showed that fennel nutrition at 1% and 2% levels significantly (P

Objective Fennel in animal diets forvarious purposes including improving weight gain, oxidative quality of meat, digestion and growth efficiency, closed cell volume, small intestine length and weight, carcass efficiency, feed intake, red blood cells and hemoglobin count, feed conversion, efficiencyand health status and reduction of the total number of bacteria have been used. On the other hand, DLKl gene plays an important role in controlling various processes throughout the fetus andadulthood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fennel on DLKl geneexpression in Kermani sheep heart using real-time PCR.Materials and MethodsIn this study, 30 male Kermani lambs (6-month-old) with almost the same weight were selectedand randomly divided into three experimental groups (10 in each group). Experimental animalswere fed freely and separately with three levels of fennel (0, 1 and 2%) for three months. After slaughtering, the heart weight and fat around the heart were measured and the heart tissue wassampled. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed using standard kits. Theexpression of DLKl genes (target gene) and beta-actin gene (reference gene) was performed usingproper primers using real-time PCR method and the results were analyzed with the appropriatesoftware. Results The results of quality assay of extracted RNAs on agarose gel and at A26O / A28O wavelengthshowed good quality of total RNA. The results of real-time PCR and electrophoresis of PCRproducts on agarose gel showed that DLKl gene was expressed in heart tissue. Adding fennel tothe diet did not significantly change the weight of the heart and the weight of fat around the heartcompared to the control diet. The results showed that fennel nutrition at 1% and 2% levelssignificantly (P <0.05) increased DLKl gene expression in heart tissue. Conclusions Based on the results, it can be concluded that fennel can be used in sheep diet to improve heartstructure through positive effects on DLKl gene expression. Since fennel has increased theexpression level of DLKl gene in heart tissue, it can be considered to improve heart ftnction. Itcan be concluded that fennel can be used for different purposes in livestock, but for each effect ineach tissue, more research should be done considering different genetic, epigenetic andphysiological conditions to reach the distinct conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Autophagy is a mechanism that could be inhibited or activated through exercise. FOXO3a and Beclin-1 proteins are important proteins in autophagy regulation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 4 weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the content of FOXO3a and Beclin-1 proteins in the left ventricular heart tissue with type 2 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 12 two-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats with a mean weight of 270±20 g were selected. After diabetic induction with STZ and Nicotinamide, rats were randomly assigned to two groups, diabetic training (6 heads) and diabetic control (6 heads). The training group trained for 4 days a week in accordance with the training program for 4 weeks, while the control group did not have any training program. Also, the rats did not receive any insulin treatment during the study period. The protein content of the present study was measured by Western blotting. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 19 and independent t-test. Results: Four weeks of HIIT training resulted in a significant decrease in FOXO3a (P=0.03) and Beclin-1 (P=0.0001) proteins content in the diabetic training group compared to the diabetic control group. Conclusion: Four weeks of HIIT training would decrease the content of FOXO3a and Beclin-1 proteins which leads to inhibition of autophagy in the left ventricle of subjects with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, HIIT training could be a new therapeutic approach in diabetics.