Search

Copyright of Pediatric Endocrinology / Endokrynologia Pediatryczna is the property of Proqurat Andrzej Prokurat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Journal of Allergology / Alergologia Polska is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) induces intracellular signaling pathways crucial for mobilization, migration, proliferation and survival of many cell types via CXCR4, a chemokine CXC-motif receptor, member of the G protein-coupled receptor family. Despite playing a key role in such major processes as embryogenesis, cell differentiation and organ regeneration, molecular mechanisms underlying CXCR4 signaling remain elusive, even more so, as CXCR4 seems to activate both G-protein-dependent and G-protein-independent pathways. CXCR4 is expressed on multiple cell types including lymphocytes, hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial and epithelial cells, and cancer cells. In fact, overexpression of this receptor has been detected in many different types of cancer. The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis is also involved in tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and survival. This pathway is therefore a target for therapeutics that can block the SDF-1/CXCR4 interaction or inhibit downstream intracellular signaling. Clinical mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), a nowadays popular method of collecting material for hematopoietic progenitor stem cell transplantation, is also dependent on the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), administered to a transplant donor during clinical treatment, violates interactions between CXCR4 and its ligand, which results in degradation of HSC anchorage in bone marrow and the release of these cells into peripheral blood. In this paper we describe the clinical significance of CXCR4 and its ligand, as well as the role of CXCR4 and its gene polymorphisms in disease susceptibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The incidence of lymphornas has been increasing worldwide. Both HL and non-Hodgkin lymphoma have an incidence rate of 14-18 per 100 000 of the population and HL is estimated to account for 30% of all diagnosed lymphomas. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a B-cell lymphoma, as was proved by molecular studies. Aim. The purpose of this paper is to present the current definition, and the clinical and pathological picture of HL, so that it is evident why the identified cases are referred to as "gray zone." Discussion. To determine the clinical stage (Staging) of lymphomas the classification formulated by Ann Arbor is widely used, which assigns stage I-IV, and type A or B to a given lymphoma. Morphological identification of Hodgkin lymphoma is based on the identification of Hodgkin and Reed-Stenberg cells in a characteristic inflammatory environment. According to the new WHO classification of 2008, Hodgkin lymphoma is divided into two main groups: 1) Nodular Lymphocyte Predominate Hodgkin Lymphoma NLPHL, 2) Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma CHL, which is divided into four subtypes: a) Nodular Sclerosis Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma NSCHL, b) Mixed Cellularity Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma MCCHL, c) Lymphocyte-Rich Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma LRCHL, d) Lymphocyte- Depleted Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma LDCHL. In the diagnostics of HL the following antibodies are used: LCA - general lymphocyte marker; CD20, bcl2, bcl6, CD 10, MUM1 - common B cell markers and br their activity stages; BOB 1, Oct2, PAX5 - transcription factor involved in B cell differentiation; CD30 - lymphocyte activation marker; CD15 - myeloid cells marker that occurs in some DLBCL and CHL lymphomas; CD3 - T lymphocyte marker. Conclusions. The most common subtype of the mediastinal CHL, occurring mainly in young women, is nodular sclerosis. CHL diagnosis should be based on complete clinical data, as well as histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatric Endocrinology / Endokrynologia Pediatryczna is the property of Proqurat Andrzej Prokurat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)