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El texto analiza algunas de las propuestas que las agencias internacionales más directamente relacionadas con el sector educativo han ofrecido a fin de afrontar las situaciones creadas por la pandemia del Covid-19 y lograr la reactivación de la educación en condiciones similares, o al menos comparables, a las que se encontraba antes de pandemia. A partir de ese análisis, se trazan conexiones entre las agendas educativas, políticas y económicas que enmarcan las actuales respuestas en términos de mediciones, evaluaciones e inversión de recursos y tiempos. Al cierre, despejadas algunas dudas y aclaradas algunas decisiones, se toma distancia frente a las estrategias sugeridas por los organismos multilaterales, y se les ve desde una perspectiva que hace énfasis en las personas y las comunidades, antes que en los sistemas y en el comercio de datos, para sacar conclusiones que permitan repensar las direcciones en las que las acciones han de apuntar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review describes from a historiographical perspective, some planning backgrounds. It makes an overview of the major moments of the topic occurred in the former Soviet Union, Europe and Latin America. It is shown how the development of planning has been determined by aspects of political nature associated with the type of State (universalist/minimalist), the model of development (socialist/capitalist in its various strands), the political regime (democratic/ authoritarian), and the relationships among social actors with different degrees of power. Finally, the article takes into consideration some epistemological elements of planning and the main currents that coexist nowadays, showing the predominance of retraction of the State in the autonomous and sovereign planning of social affairs, the continuity of developmental conceptions focused on economic growth that expresses a lack of understanding of the social problems, and evidence the change in the role of the State toward options that legitimize the governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a capitalist society, organizational decisions, usually aimed at the economic dimension, triggered or exacerbated the socio-environmental problems in many countries. In the search for solutions to such problems arises in the 1980s the concept of sustainable development proposing to meet the needs of present generations without compromising the care of the needs of future generations (COMISSÃO MUNDIAL SOBRE MEIO AMBIENTE E DESENVOLVIMENTO, 1988). Considered a subjective concept and open to interpretation, sustainable development, includes support of three essential dimensions: the economic, the social and the environmental one. Thus, under the organizational perspective, to make decisions that contribute to sustainability, has become at least a big challenge, because beyond the economic dimension, decision makers must deal simultaneously with the social and environmental dimensions. This shows that there are levels of decisions defined as simple, average, and complex and that these levels tend to influence or compromise the achievement of sustainability differently, depending on the service satisfactory or not of the dimensions. Faced with this challenge this paper, while theoretical essay aims to present an understanding of sustainability through the level of complexity of organizational decisions. To achieve this goal, it is proposed the relevant criteria that compose each dimension of sustainability, identifying the relationships (systemic) that may occur between the criteria for organizational decision making. As a result of crossing between levels of complexity of decisions and the dimensions of sustainability, a structure of a complex matrix of decisions was obtained to address sustainability. The qualitative matrix shows how the decision-maker or researcher may classify the decisions considered relevant and how he can make complex decisions that integrate satisfactorily the three dimensions of sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]