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Introduction: This study examines the distribution of events and event records (EVRs) in elite judo competitions, encompassing both male and female categories. Sample: By analyzing data from the 2018, 2019, and 2021 World Championships, the study incorporates 6487 events (EVs) and 2340 contests classified by their last event (cEV). Results: The predominant occurrence of EV2 and EV3 in male (23.2% and 36.6%) and female (26.8% and 31.7%) contests suggests consistent patterns. Statistical analyses reveal non-uniform distributions of events within temporal units (TUs). Small associations were found between EVRs and TUs for EV1, EV2 and EV3 (Cramer’s V = 0.103 to 0.171; p

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe a new species of Didymozoidae (Trematoda) found in the mesentery of Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque) off Cabo Frio, in the coastal area of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Thirty specimens of E. alletteratus were obtained between August 2023 and June 2024, directly from traders who sell fresh fish in markets. The parasites were fixed in AFA (93% ethanol 70%, 5% formaldehyde and 2% glacial acetic acid) with or without compression, stained with Langeron’s hydrochloric carmine, dehydrated in an alcohol series, clarified in clove oil and mounted in Canada balsam as permanent slides. The new species was assigned to the genus Lobatozoum Ishii, 1935, mainly by the presence of lobes in the posterior region of the body and by the arrangement of the testes, ovary and vitellaria. Lobatozoum woodi n. sp. differs from all congeneric species mainly by presenting three testicular tubules, by the size of pharynx, larger than the oral sucker, and by the absence of digestive glands cells in esophagus and initial portion of caeca. The finding of a new species of Lobatozoum represents the eleventh valid species in the genus.

Vários estudos têm alertado para as dificuldades de adaptação e para um maior abandono nos cursos da área da Engenharia, sobretudo durante o 1.º ano do Ensino Superior (ES). Esta situação revela-se um problema para os(as) estudantes, para as instituições de ensino e para a economia em geral. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo central analisar as diferenças na adaptação ao ES em função do género e do rendimento académico dos(as) estudantes de Engenharia, de forma a contribuir para a identificação de grupos vulneráveis e para a implementação de estratégias de intervenção. Neste estudo, participaram 461 estudantes primeiranistas de Engenharia de uma instituição de ensino superior politécnico público do norte de Portugal, com uma idade média de 17,91 anos; 33,8% eram mulheres e 66,2% eram homens. Para avaliar a adaptação ao ES, empregou-se o Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire e, para avaliar o rendimento académico, foram utilizadas as classificações obtidas nas unidades curriculares do 1.º semestre. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que os(as) estudantes que obtiveram um melhor rendimento também se adaptaram melhor académica e pessoalmente ao ES e que, apesar de o rendimento académico ser similar para ambos os géneros, os homens adaptaram-se melhor a nível académico e pessoal-emocional. Concluiu-se, assim, que as mulheres se encontravam numa situação de maior vulnerabilidade neste contexto de estudos e que poderão beneficiar de programas de orientação para promover a sua adaptação. Palavras-chave: Adaptação ao ensino superior; Rendimento académico; Estudantes de engenharia; Ensino superior politécnico; Sexo.

The main aim of this study was to ascertain whether the victory and defeat in the different types of the judo contest, in the elite male and female divisions, are associated to the occurrence of the penalties and scores of the first three events (changes in the scoreboard -either penalty or score-) of them. 2340 contests of the 2018, 2019 and 2021 World Judo Championships were analysed. The Pearson’s chi-squared test expressed that [1] shido-1 in the first event (EV1) of the contests that end before the regular time (BRT) and of those without considering when they end (OC) is associated to defeat for both sexes and, that [2] wazari-1 in the EV1 of the BRT and in the EV2 and EV3 of the BRT, of the contests with the duration extended beyond the regular time (EXT) and of OC is associated to victory for both sexes except in the EV2 of the EXT (only for male athletes in this case). Thus, it is suggested that the victory and defeat in the different types of the judo elite contests are associated with the occurrence of the penalties and scores of the first three events of them.

Natural populations of cajuí (Anacardium occidentale L.) are ecologically and socioeconomically important for many people in Northeastern Brazil. This study focuses on the use and management of wild cashew in the communities Canárias in Maranhão and Labino and Barrinha in Piauí. Semi-structured forms were applied to 88 participants. The Use Diversity (UDs) and Plant Part Value (PPV) indexes were calculated and a multivariate linear regression analysis was performed. The majority (73%) of the interviewees were women. Cajuí was mainly used for food (UDs: 0.87), forage (0.08), medicinal preparations (0.03), and fuel (0.02). The hypocarp had the higher PPV (0.76). Cajuí fruits are collected in groups, in the forest (50%), during the harvest season (July to October). Cajuí has great socioeconomic importance for the communities studied and allow the continuity of the cultural identity associated with socio-biodiversity.

A declaração dos Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Meta-análises (PRISMA), publicada em 2009, foi desenvolvida para ajudar revisores sistemáticos a relatar de forma transparente por que a revisão foi feita, os métodos empregados e o que os autores encontraram. Na última década, os avanços na metodologia e terminologia de revisões sistemáticas exigiram a atualização da diretriz. A declaração PRISMA 2020 substitui a declaração de 2009 e inclui novas orientações para relato que refletem os avanços nos métodos para identificar, selecionar, avaliar e sintetizar estudos. A estrutura e apresentação dos itens foram modificadas para facilitar a implementação. Neste artigo, apresentamos a lista de checagem PRISMA 2020 de 27 itens, uma lista de checagem expandida que detalha as recomendações para relato para cada item, a lista de checagem PRISMA 2020 para resumos e os fluxogramas revisados para novas revisões e para atualização de revisões.

Las redes sociales son una herramienta clave para la comunicación de emergencias. El análisis de métricas puede ayudar a evaluar la efectividad y colaborar en la mejora de la gestión informativa. Este estudio de caso analiza las publicaciones de la cuenta oficial de Twitter de Emergencias 112 Comunidad de Madrid, durante cinco meses. Se exploran las correlaciones entre variables utilizando una metodología cuantitativa. Los resultados muestran que las publicaciones que tienen mayor impacto no son las emergencias locales, sino las noticias internacionales relacionadas con la emergencia del Terremoto de Turquía y Siria. Observamos asociaciones positivas muy fuertes entre el número de retuits, likes y el alcance de usuarios. Sin embargo, no se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre estas variables y el número de clicks en la url. Estos hallazgos sugieren que las métricas de popularidad en Twitter no siempre se correlacionan con la efectividad de la comunicación de riesgos. Por tanto, sería imprescindible una evaluación más profunda y compleja de las estrategias de comunicación para mejorar la gestión de riesgos en el futuro.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of text messaging in improving adherence to occlusion therapy for amblyopia. The secondary objective was to correlate the responses given in a self-reporting questionnaire with treatment outcome (improvement in visual acuity). Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial. The patients’ parents or legal guardians in the intervention group received text messages reminding them of the importance of patching. The control group received no text messages. At final evaluation, after a period of three to six months, the patients’ parents or legal guardians answered a self-reporting questionnaire to evaluate adherence to treatment. Results: The study included 34 patients with an average age of 5.35 years, 20 in the intervention group and 14 in the control group. According to the results of the self-reporting questionnaire, 50% of the study population was considered as having low adherence to treatment, 29% as having medium adherence, and 21% as having good adherence. There was no significant difference between trial groups. The comparison between an improvement in visual acuity and the mean value obtained in the self-reporting questionnaire showed a significant association between this improvement and adherence to treatment (p=0.03). Conclusion: The present study did not find a correlation between text messaging and an improvement in adherence to occlusion therapy, as shown by previous studies for different treatments. A statistically significant association was identified between an improvement in visual acuity and a good therapeutic adherence, as measured by the self-reporting questionnaire. This finding allows us to recommend using a self-reporting questionnaire as a simple method to measure adherence to treatment and help decisions about therapeutic strategies to be adopted in the patient's continuing treatment.

Resumen: Las recientes investigaciones llevadas a cabo por la neurociencia aplicadas concretamente al ámbito educativo ponen de manifiesto cómo nuestro cerebro guarda con una mayor precisión y a un mayor largo plazo aquellos acontecimientos, saberes, experiencias que se relacionan directamente con una emoción (bien sea positiva, bien sea negativa). Pretendemos, a través de este estudio, descubrir si los recuerdos y emociones adscritos a la lectura en la infancia infieren directamente en la adquisición del hábito lector. Para ello se ha efectuado una investigación mixta (a lo largo de 6 cursos académicos) entre el alumnado de cuarto curso de las facultades de educación de la Universidad de Valladolid (Campus de Valladolid y de Segovia) matriculados en las asignaturas Literatura Infantil y Conocimiento del Entorno a Través de la Literatura Infantil. La intención es discernir y mostrar qué tipos de emociones y recuerdos afectan directamente a la lectura y si estos guardan o no una relación constatada con el hábito lector actual. Abstract: The recent research carried out by neuroscience applied specifically to the educational field shows how our brain saves with greater precision and in a longer term those events, knowledge, experiences that are directly related to an emotion (either positive, or negative). We intend, through this study, to discover if the memories and emotions ascribed to reading in childhood directly infer the acquisition of the reading habit. To this end, a mixed investigation has been carried out (over 6 academic years) among fourth-year students from the faculties of education of the University of Valladolid (Valladolid and Segovia Campus) enrolled in the subject of Children's Literature and Knowledge of the Environment Through Children's Literature. The intention is to discern and show what types of emotions and memories directly affect reading and whether or not they have a proven relationship with the current reading habit.

Aunque la DGT viene realizando campañas de concienciación de los usuarios de las vías públicas desde 1960, es a partir de 1992 cuando aparecen las campañas de mayor impacto social, a través de la explotación de la línea comunicativa «realista», «dura» o «dramática», que incluye imágenes explícitas e impactantes de la secuencia previa al accidente, el siniestro y sus secuelas físicas, familiares y sociales. Sin embargo, la insostenible escalada de violencia de cara a mantener su notoriedad aconseja temporadas de «barbecho comunicativo», o experimentación de otras estrategias, como las campañas educativas de 1998 «Vive» y 1999 «Enseña a vivir».

Abstract This study evaluated the effect on physical and sensory properties of freezing Halved Avocados (HA) by Traditional Method (TM) in a continuous freezer and by electromagnetic field-assisted method (EM) with CAS (Cells Alive System) freezer, obtaining HATM and HAEM, respectively. Each HA from the same specimen (obtaining 2 HA: one for fresh and the other for frozen-thawed state) was coded and evaluated. The firmness of the upper part of the fresh HA was higher (p < 0.05) than the lower part. The freezing curve showed the crystallization phase in the HAEM (from 14.25 to 20.33 min), thus indicating the formation of ice crystals, as well as affecting the significant decrease (p < 0.05) in more than 60% of firmness in the thawed HA concerning the fresh state. Regarding the color, there were differences (p < 0.05) in saturation (C*) between fresh and thawed avocado (HATM and HAEM); however, there were no differences (p > 0.05) in the tonality (h*). Weight loss of thawed HA was less than 0.5%. The sensory evaluation indicated there were no significant differences (p < 0.05) in firmness between the HATM and HAEM using the triangular test.

The attempt that finished with the life of the president of the Council of Ministers, Juan Prim y Prats (1814-1870), continues being a mystery. The identity and the modus operandi of those who organized, financed and instigated the crime are still under discussion. This work is focus on the analysis of the press of the moment of the crime with the aim of analysing the known details moments just after the attempt occurred and how this information was transmitted to the Spanish society.

En junio de 1962 se celebró el IV Congreso del Movimiento Europeo en la ciudad de Múnich. Aprovechando la coyuntura, un grupo de españoles, opositores al régimen de Franco y llegados tanto del interior de España como del exilio, se reunió allí para debatir las condiciones que España debía cumplir para incorporarse a las nuevas instituciones europeas. El conocido como Contubernio de Múnich, nombre con el que le bautizaron los franquistas, ha sido abordado desde diferentes ópticas: de la política exterior del franquismo, las relaciones internacionales y la Guerra Fría cultural a la oposición democrática y su alternativa al régimen de Franco, siendo considerado, en ocasiones, antecedente de la Transición. Este artículo pretende recopilar todas esas perspectivas y ofrecer una visión conjunta de este importante acontecimiento de nuestra Historia.

La pandemia de COVID-19 pone en evidencia la importancia de los aspectos psicológicos y de salud mental para la prevención y afrontamiento de sus consecuencias. En este contexto se requiere de un modelo de Seguridad Psicológica (SP) que fundamente teórica y metodológicamente su gestión en una situación de emergencia sanitaria. El problema de la SP, visto desde una perspectiva transdisciplinar, intercepta aspectos relacionados con la epistemología y la sociología de la ciencia: análisis crítico del concepto a la luz de los aportes de otras disciplinas; relaciones entre el nivel de acceso al conocimiento y el funcionamiento de los equipos de trabajos; y contradicción entre la gestión neoliberal de la pandemia y la necesidad de un afrontamiento humanista. El objetivo del artículo es analizar, desde la perspectiva sociológica y epistemológica, la SP del personal de la salud en emergencias sanitarias, para lo cual se desarrolló una revisión narrativa. Como resultado, se presentan las reflexiones desarrolladas acerca del tema estructuradas en dos momentos: la aproximación crítica a la epistemología del concepto de SP y el impacto de la SP en los equipos de trabajo visto desde la concepción de la sociedad del conocimiento. Se enfoca la SP como un campo transdisciplinario y se valoran los antecedentes y aportes de otras disciplinas para su empleo en situaciones de emergencia y desastres. También se contrasta el afrontamiento a la COVID-19 desde la gestión neoliberal con su afrontamiento humanista. Finalmente, se presenta una nueva perspectiva de la SP para la gestión de la salud mental del personal de la salud involucrado en la respuesta a emergencias y desastres.

Introduction: This manuscript analyses the use and evolution, through Google Trends as a source of information, of internet-based information-seeking behaviour related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic using the terms: Coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 from January 1, 2020 to April 15, 2020. Methods: A generalized linear model was used to analyse the relation between SARS-CoV-2 data epidemiology and the Search Volume Index of the terms obtained from the Google Trends query. Significant trend changes were assessed by Joinpoint methodology. Results: A total of 7,873 SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases were collected with an increase of 4.7% in the selected period. A relation was found between the confirmed cases (dependent variable) and the Search Volume Index of the Coronavirus term, with a correlation rho = 0.79 (p

El trabajo aquí presentado es resultado de una análisis comparativo de dos herramientas para la creación de un cubo OLAP, el cual es un Procesamiento Analítico en Línea, que ejecuta un análisis de datos; una de las herramientas es Microsoft Analysis Services con SQL Server y la otra Microsoft Excel; para la definición del universo de datos se utilizó una base de datos experimental obtenida de una encuesta realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) del año 2016; con estas herramientas existentes se busca proporcionar un análisis para el mejor uso en la explotación de datos, identificando los diversos factores necesarios para la creación, desarrollo e implementación de los cubos OLAP y entre esos se encuentran identificar alguno patrones de los riesgos o errores al ser creados por parte de algunas de estas dos soluciones existentes en el mercado, los cuales se describirán en el presente trabajo.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is describe the salience of economic theories and evidence regarding vertical integration in the multichannel audiovisual industry in Brazil. This is especially important at this time because Brazilian regulators and legislators are wrestling with the appropriate policy approach toward the industry in Brazil in the wake of the merger of AT&T and Time Warner. Methodology/approach/design – The paper develops with several approaches. First, to develop context, the paper provides a high-level introduction to the evolution of the audiovisual industry. Second, the paper turns to a more specific assessment of the economic and legal lessons learned from the discussion and debate regarding the AT&T-Time Warner merger in the United States. This discussion draws on economic and legal theory and evidence, both from the published literature as well as from court proceedings to advance understanding of the issues. These foundational sections, in turn, provide a platform for policy insights. In particular, the paper builds upon earlier research on “results-based regulation” to provide guidance for Brazilian regulatory and legislative measures being considered in Brazil. Findings – The paper concludes that a results-based approach should permit advances in the vertical integration of the audiovisual industry in Brazil. Such an approach necessarily would recognize that the modern evolution toward a more vertically integrated provisioning of audiovisual services is providing numerous consumer benefits while claims of consumer harm have been judged to be speculative. Application of Article 5 of SeAC to the AT&T-TW merger provides no additional consumer protections that are not already part of the merger and would, instead be distinctly anti-consumer.

By analysing European cultural policies and paradigmatic case studies, this article highlights the close link between the normalisation of minority languages ​​in Europe and film subtitling. Film subtitling is an activity that urgently needs to be protocolised insofar as it guarantees both the preservation of the cultural originality of the audiovisual work and its value as tangible and intangible European cultural heritage. To do so, we will analyse the legal divide between the all-encompassing European Union declarations and their implementation by state and local administrations, which often occur in erratic, random, contingent packages of measures that lead to a systemic absence of results. Finally, we will propose some key challenges and recommendations to provide Europe with a film subtitling protocol to promote cultural diversity and normalise non-hegemonic languages.

Abstract: Introduction: Active methodologies are tools aimed at engaging students in the learning process. Through them, the student is confronted with problem situations and, to solve them, they need to actively participate in the construction of the solution. Socrative® and Kahoot!® are tools that can be used to support the growing demand for new teaching methods. Objective: This study aims to compare the scores obtained by urology student in pre-tests applied using the Socrative® and Kahoot!® applications, and to analyze the students’ perceptions after the exposure to the learning tools. Method: A prospective and comparative study was carried out on the use of the Socrative® and Kahoot!® applications in the discipline of Urology of the medical course. The cohort consisted of two classes of students, 193 in total. Students were divided into six groups, separated in two different schedules, and they took turns weekly switching the tools. The methodologies were used as a pre-test during the tutorial sessions, aiming to compare the grades obtained by the students between the applications. At the end of the course, the students answered a perception questionnaire in relation to each platform. The data were statistically analyzed using the program SPSS Statistics v.20.0. The Wilcoxon non-parametric test and the Chi-square test were used. Values of p

Para las comunidades negras e indígenas de Riosucio (Chocó, Colombia) la legislación étnica en Colombia, desde la década de 1990, ha sido clave para la conformación y legalización de sus territorios ancestrales como propiedad colectiva. No obstante, debido a las acciones de grupos armados al margen de la ley y a los impactos del conflicto armado, se plantean las dificultades de las comunidades étnicas para las prácticas de gobernabilidad en sus territorios. En este texto se argumenta que el conflicto armado se ha configurado de manera particular en Riosucio pues la violencia, el desplazamiento forzado, la intimidación y el asesinato han sido estrategias militares para el control y acaparamiento de zonas ricas en recursos naturales bajo intereses desarrollistas y de capitales foráneos, pero que se encuentran dentro de territorios colectivos y en medio de procesos organizativos étnicos. A pesar de los procesos de paz y la firma de los acuerdos, este artículo denuncia una continuidad y persistencia del conflicto armado en la región. El texto finaliza con unas reflexiones donde se llama la atención sobre la necesidad de favorecer la gobernabilidad y la autonomía de las comunidades étnicas en sus propios territorios.

Abstract The present study is a taxonomic treatment of Bignoniaceae from the four municipalities of the coastal region of Piauí state (Cajueiro da Praia, Ilha Grande, Luís Correia, Parnaíba) in Northeast Brazil, based on morphological study of newly collected and existing herbarium material. The study recorded 26 species in 12 genera: Adenocalymma, Anemopaegma, Bignonia, Cuspidaria, Dolichandra, Fridericia, Handroanthus, Lundia, Neojobertia, Pleonotoma, Stizophyllum and Tanaecium. Apart from Handroanthus impetiginosus, which belongs to tribe Tecomeae, all other species belong to tribe Bignonieae. Five species (Adenocalymma apparicianum, A. pedunculatum, Anemopaegma heringeri, A. prostratum, Dolichandra hispida) are new records for the state of Piauí, 15 species are endemic to Brazil, and one has “Vulnerable” conservation status. The results emphasize the importance of taxonomic studies for knowledge of biodiversity and threats to native species, and reinforce the importance of conserving the region’s flora. Species descriptions, illustrations, identification keys and information on geographic distribution and habitat are provided.

O presente artigo é um tributo a Paulo Freire (1921-1997). Mais do que oferecer uma compressão sobre suas ideias que se estendem por quase trinta anos de trabalho, este artigo foca em um aspecto do corpo do seu trabalho. Esse aspecto se insere de perto com o escopo desta publicação: o colonialismo. A ênfase está na “consciência opressora” e na invasão cultural enquanto discussões importantes para o colonialismo, em termos de colonialismo direto e neocolonialismo. Este artigo também desenvolve o complexo tema da linguagem em contextos pós-coloniais.

Society funds universities making them responsible for the creation, transmission and dissemination of knowledge, through teachinglearning. In this process the intervention of ICT plays a crucial role, both in the teaching processes as in the traditional learning methods of the university. This research aims to diagnose the influence of ICT on the processes of Knowledge Management in the valuation made by 398 students of Primary Education Degree in six Spanish State Universities. The methodology is quantitative developed through a descriptive and multivariate design. A previously validated questionnaire named DIGECO was designed and applied embracing fourteen ICT tools and four knowledge management dimensions. The results showed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between (KM) processes and ICT tools. In conclusion, it is made clear the existence and access to the devices, the use of networks by frequency contrasted similar to other works, the general conviction of its advantages and the good acquisition of information nuanced by a lack of processing and internalisation for its correct management.

This work problematizes the relationship between University, Indigenous Peoples and the State based on a community experience aimed at revitalizing four of Chile’s most dynamic indigenous languages (Aymara, Quechua, Rapa Nui and Mapudungun). On this occasion, the voices from indigenous students and teachers, State officials, and academics are brought together and find, from their differences, tensions and approximations in a collaborative project that gathers understanding and lessons learnt from this educational experience. This article’s main objective is to analyze the perceptions of the three actors mentioned in this joint initiative, emphasizing the following scopes: a) purposes and meanings; and b) characteristics of the relationship between actors. The main findings explain problematic junctions and key aspects regarding joint action, particularly, opportunities and challenges for the configuration of new relational spaces.

Considerada a parceria de mais de 20 anos da Legião Mirim de Marília e a Faculdade de Medicina de Marília no Programa Legionário-bolsista era desejável e de grande relevância a realização de um estudo para sua documentação e fortalecimento. O mesmo teve como objetivo avaliar os sentidos, as fortalezas e as fragilidades do programa por meio de questionários aplicados aos adolescentes que participaram das atividades e foram egressos em 2008, 2009 e 2010. As repercussões dessa experiência em suas vidas, no âmbito pessoal e profissional foram discutidas por meio de pesquisa qualitativa. Ficou, desta sorte, evidenciada a importância desta atividade não apenas devido à pré-profissionalização, mas, sobretudo, pela capacidade de socializar e construir referenciais humanísticos para estes jovens.

Reseña: MIRALLES, Ricardo, Indalecio Prieto y el movimiento socialista. Reforma, revolución y reconciliación nacional. Madrid, Tecnos, 2021, 405 pp. ISBN: 9788430982097.

La aplicación del juicio profesional debe realizar el contador en el desempeño de sus actividades, lo cual es importante, porque debe definirse como por ejemplo el uso correcto de las estimaciones y provisiones, esto es esencial ya que incide directamente en los resultados de la información financiera. El objetivo es determinar los factores que incurren en el juicio profesional del contador público al realizar su labor, para lo cual se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica del marco conceptual de juicio profesional, la normativa y su importancia en los registros contables, como resultado que en el desarrollo del proceso contable, los elementos que inciden en el juicio profesional es el conocimiento, los mismo que se desarrollan desde la etapa de formación y se va fortaleciendo con la experiencia y actualización, sumadas a un comportamiento acorde con los requisitos y principios éticos; de esta forma, sus actos constituyen una garantía para los usuarios de la información preparada.

Introduction. The aim of this essay is to study the school buildings in a region called La Cepeda, in León. It includes a variety of buildings from the construction of the first school in the area (1896) to the last one built in 1983. Method. The methodology deals with ethnography through which field data of forty-six buildings were collected, but also with descriptive-interpretative and hermeneutical methodology through which data about files of History and Education, in addition to the literature of schools in the period studied were compiled. Results. The main hypothesis of the issue copes with the fact that the evolution of school buildings in the region of the Cepeda has a parallelism with the economic and social development of it. These buildings are temporarily classified and they are also metaphorically studied in: a) from the start date of 1920 we have called pastoral school; b) from 1920 to 1950 which are called peasant school and c) from 1950 to 1983 which we have called monastic school. In every period it is specified the villages which have every type of school, building materials, the space arrangement and the certain building characteristics. Discussion. The results are unprecedented and they also represent a significant contribution to the school’s architectural heritage although there is a piece of missing information due to the fact that some buildings were demolished as well as losses. The knowledge of the importance of school buildings are converted into public buildings, in bars and other type of places.

The subject of teaching Historic and Cultural Heritage in primary and secondary schools has been widely covered in the last few years. However, the specific topic on Heritage conservation has been barely developed despite its transcendence from the point of view of future preservation of Heritage items. This paper presents the theoretical and practical background in which the design of a didactic unit on Heritage conservation has been based. Among the main objectives which are intended to be covered by such a didactic unit are the significance of the Cultural Heritage, the importance of its conservation, the recognition of Heritage locales, when is important to conserve them, differences between conservation and restoration, the influence of environmental conditions and so on. Possible evaluation activities and suitable schools in which the unit could be put into practice are also some of the subjects dealt with in this contribution.

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en el estudio personológico y configuracional del estilo de vida siguiendo la metodología cualitativa de la Teoría Fundamentada y la inducción analítica. Se realizaron 19 estudios de casos que permitieron identificar y caracterizar dos configuraciones comportamentales del estilo de vida (confluencia crítica y punto crítico) en sujetos hipertensos y una en sujetos no hipertensos (oportunidad de salud). La Teoría Fundamentada ha mostrado sus potencialidades heurísticas en el estudio integral y holístico de la causalidad y el riesgo. En este sentido, constituye una alternativa metodológica que trasciende a nivel individual los estudios positivistas y factorialistas que prevalecen en la investigación psicológica y epidemiológica a partir del enfoque tradicional al estilo de vida

Las áreas naturales protegidas son espacios que cuentan con un valioso patrimonio ecosistémico, genético y biológico, en los cuales la diversidad cultural y étnica aporta valiosos conocimientos tradicionales con respecto a sus usos y propiedades. Gestionar estas áreas implica reconocer que son espacios multiculturales donde confluyen actores con múltiples intereses; requiere también que se garantice no solo que todos los involucrados estén representados en las instancias de gestión, sino que, además, todos tengan las capacidades necesarias para participar activamente en el proceso de toma de decisiones. ¿Cuáles son aquellas capacidades que permiten la participación de todos en igualdad de condiciones? En el estudio que se presenta en este artículo se identifican diez capacidades, a las que se les denominan capacidades democráticas; y se analiza si estas están presentes en los actores involucrados en la gestión de la Reserva Nacional de Salinas y Aguada Blanca en el período 2015-2017. El estudio concluye que las capacidades de diálogo y de manejo intercultural tienen un buen desarrollo: mientras que las capacidades de habilidad lectora, manejo del lenguaje de las comunidades, actitud y disposición para brindar información permanentemente, análisis del entorno, toma de decisiones, solución de conflictos, e incidencia, tienen un desarrollo medio, y que aún hay debilidades en la capacidad sobre el cumplimiento de los acuerdos.

El presente ensayo teórico revisa el concepto de la brecha digital, empezando por la relación entre el desarrollo y la tecnología, incluyendo el papel que juega a nivel internacional la educación en este complejo mosaico. Posteriormente, definimos la competencia digital y la brecha digital, para centrarnos en aquellos aspectos que pueden influir en su aparición. Entendiendo la brecha digital como fruto de la falta de acceso o de competencia en el uso de la tecnología digital, los factores que aparecen asociados son principalmente de tipo socioeconómico, De entre ellos destacamos el género, edad y el uso de los videojuegos.

Soil microorganisms are essential for growth, emergence and development in all plants. In our study we decided to evaluate the effect that A. agilis UMCV2 rhizobacteria had on germination and growth of plants of economic-forest interest as P. devoniana to an age of 65 days. Our results show that the UMCV2 bacteria promoted growth of P. devoniana at this early stage of development, further highlighting that despite the short time of interaction between these two, the bacterium was able to increase the rate of germination, increase the size of shoot and generate a proliferation of lateral roots. The data shows a huge potential for using inoculum both in the greenhouse and in open ground and generate a growth promoting species of interest in both agricultural and forest, thereby reducing production periods depending on the crop.

Accurate, cost effective and timely multiple spatial-temporal information on the patterns of land cover change is crucial for environmental management and understanding. For this reason, segmentation and object-oriented classification was applied to Landsat TM/ ETM+ imagery to map and monitor land cover dynamics in the Región Costa Maya (RCM) in 1993, 2000 and 2010. Overall mapping accuracy for land-cover map in 2000 was 94.29% (ĸ= 0.9141). Post-classification approach, involving cross tabulation of three generated maps, was used to characterize spatial temporal rates and patterns of land cover change to infer major processes of changes over 17 years. Results revealed rapid urbanization, agricultural land abandonment (forest transition) and destruction of mangrove forests, mediated by socio-economic factors linked to tourism development as the leading drivers of land cover change, with grave implications on environmental sustainability in the Costa Maya area. The study has confirmed the value of segmentation and object-oriented classification for mapping and monitoring land cover change at regional scale.

La dinámica de comunidades vegetales de humedales está influenciada por factores abióticos, como los nutrimentos y el fuego. En humedales en donde hay especies invasoras, determinar el papel de factores abióticos en las interacciones planta-planta es fundamental para entender la dinámica de la comunidad y para su manejo. En este estudio, la interacción entre pares de especies fue cuantificada entre una no invasora (Schoenoplectus americanus), una que puede volverse sobredominante como consecuancia de disturbios humanos (Typha domingensis) y una que posee un linaje que es invasor en norteamérica (Phragmites australis), las cuales crecieron bajo diferentes concentraciones de nitrato y fueron sometidas al efecto del fuego. Todas las especies respondieron a la adición de nitratos incrementando su crecimiento.Phragmitesrespondió en altura y biomasa de raíces,Typhaen biomasa aérea y de raíces ySchoenoplectuspara todas las variables. Las interacciones entre especies fueron complejas y variaron entre años. Durante el primer año, sólo el efecto deTyphaen si misma fue significativo. Para el segundo año, el efecto deTyphafue negativo en Phrangmites, el efecto deSchoenoplectusfue negativo en sí mismo y el efecto deTyphayPhragmitesfue negativo enTypha. El fuego fue significativo paraPhragmitesySchoenoplectus, las plantas no quemadas fueron más altas. Se detectaron efectos del fuego en las interacciones, la presencia de Schoenoplectus benefició el desempeño deTypha, y viceversa. En etapas tempranas, las interacciones más fuertes ocurrieron entre las especies no invasoras, permitiendo a la invasora responder a la concentración de nitratos, y el fuego tuvo su mayor efecto en la interacción entre nativas y no con la invasora.

Tendencias pedagógicas

In this paper, first, a conceptual approach to the figure of the teacher, throughout history, the teaching profession and analyzing the requirements to be met by any occupation to be considered a true profession and exposing the features that confer the status of the teaching profession. Second, due to the implementation of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), review the competences to be achieved by students in Grades Teacher to be considered a professional education from technical and policy perspective.

This paper reports the findings of a research study reviewing the one hand , models of knowledge management , conceptualization and processes and on the other , the results obtained through the application of ICT , one tool support necessary for successful implementation of knowledge management . For this to be achieved , the university must flexible and adapt to new rules imposed Knowledge Management regarding new technologies of information and communication technologies (ICT ), penetrating the Knowledge Society through tangible actions, incorporating methodological and curricular changes that facilitate the flow of knowledge and active involvement of students in order to make known that knowledge production and in turn can be used in the progress of science in different fields of research . This is a qualitative and quantitative research using an interpretive ex -post - facto descriptive study. The sampling technique corresponds to a non-probability sampling. We used the survey and applied a questionnaire to students who were in third grade of primary school in the year 2012-2013.

The communication in the educational centers constitutes an essential element for his correct functioning. The difficulties of communication detected in an educational institution made show this problem and submit it to study. At the investigation that we sense beforehand one was employed with educational centers of an Argentine institution. A bibliographical review was in use with the communicative theories and one worked with the methodology of the study of case. The instruments were the observation, the interview in depth, the documentary analysis and the questionnaire. The both qualitative and quantitative results were categorized and interpreted. There are gathered the strengths and communicative weaknesses of the educational studied institution.

Con el objetivo de buscar alternativas para la prevención y tratamiento de infecciones de origen alimentario, la actividad antibacteriana de los extractos crudos de dos palmas (Astrocaryum mexicanumLiebm. ex Mart. yChamaedorea cataractarumMart.) contra tres bacterias (Staphylococcus aureusATCC 25923,Salmonella typhimuriumATCC 14028 yBacillus cereusATCC 11778) fue evaluada. La parte comestible de las inflorescencias de cada especie se secó a 40ºC por 48 horas, se molió y almacenó para su posterior estudio. Los extractos crudos de etanol y hexano, se obtuvieron mediante maceración a temperatura ambiente durante 24 horas con los respectivos solventes. La actividad antimicrobiana se evaluó mediante la técnica de difusión en agar con discos impregnados con el extracto crudo de cada especie. La determinación de la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) se realizó mediante el método de dilución en caldo y la concentración mínima bactericida (CMB) sembrando las diluciones sin turbidez para observar la presencia de colonias bacterianas. Se encontró que los extractos hexánicos de la inflorescencia deC. cataractarumyA. mexicanumno presentaron actividad contraS. typhimurium. Ninguno de los extractos etanólicos presentó actividad antibacteriana a la concentración ensayada. La CMI del extracto hexánico de C. cataractarum fue de 3.85 mg ml-1paraB. cereus. Finalmente, se encontró que los extractos etanólicos de las especies estudiadas no presentaron una CMI ni CMB a la mayor concentración probada (60 mg ml-1).

RESUMO O uso de plantas medicinais no tratamento de doenças é uma estratégia antiga utilizada por praticamente todas as populações do mundo, e, embora novos antibióticos tenham sido desenvolvidos para o controle de micro-organismos infecciosos, às vezes são ineficazes. Diversos extratos de plantas medicinais têm efeitos antimicrobianos, principalmente quando associados à antibióticos de uso clínico, representando alternativa terapêutica para doenças infecciosas. Montrichardia linifera, conhecida popularmente como aninga, é espécie macrófita, aquática emergente de hábito herbáceo, pertencente a família Araceae e ocorre em áreas alagáveis. A utilidade farmacológica desta espécie é diversificada tendo sido relatada como cicatrizante, antirreumático, antidiurético e expectorante. Devido à relevância no campo etnofarmacológico, ampla utilização na medicina popular e escassez de trabalhos relacionados à atividade antibacteriana desta espécie, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de extratos alcoólicos de folhas de Montrichardia linifera, coletadas na margem do rio Igaraçu, Parnaíba-PI. O extrato foi testado em oito cepas de bactérias: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Foram utilizadas as técnicas de verificação da formação de halos de inibição e determinação das concentrações inibitórias e bactericidas mínimas. Os testes antibacterianos evidenciaram como principais resultados que o extrato metanólico seco (EMS), extrato metanólico fresco (EMF), e o extrato etanólico seco (EES), apresentaram ação antibacteriana, enquanto o extrato etanólico fresco (EEF) não apresentou atividade para as bactérias testadas. O EMS foi o mais eficiente, inibindo o crescimento bacteriano na concentração de 200 μg/mL para E. faecalis, 400 μg/mL para S. aureus, 400 μg/mL para S. epidermidis e 2.000 μg/mL para P. aeruginosa. O EMF obteve CIM de 2.000 μg/mL para E. faecalis e EES obteve CIM de 250 μg/mL para E. faecalis. Os resultados demonstraram que M. linifera constitui fonte eficiente de compostos bioativos antibacterianos. Os estudos sobre as propriedades farmacológicas de plantas da família Araceae são escassos, e os resultados deste trabalho são pioneiros em relação a atividade antibacteriana desta espécie.

The Intercultural and Bilingual Education program in Chile requires intercultural and bilingual preschools to work collaboratively with Mapuche communities to offer a relevant education for Indigenous children; however, no researchers have studied this partnership. In this context, the main objective of this study is to examine the relationships within the communities that have emerged around intercultural and bilingual preschools in Región Metropolitana, Chile. Using the notion of contact zone (Pratt, 1992) we analyze characteristics of the ties developed between members of the preschool institution and the participants of the Mapuche communities. To address this goal, we conducted a qualitative case study, and with ethnographic techniques we collected data using semi-structured interviews, participant observation and group conversations in two preschools; data were codified and categorized with thematic analysis. The main findings show that in this contact zone, the Mapuche communities participate primarily in cultural events, the Educators of Indigenous Language and Culture (ELCIs) are poorly valued and, outside the classrooms these partnerships are seen as learning spaces by the preschool teachers.

Resumen Objetivo: La artrosis trapecio-metacarpiana es una patología incapacitante, que produce dolor, disminución de la fuerza, pérdida de destreza en la pinza y limitación de la movilidad del pulgar. Cuando fracasa el tratamiento médico se pueden realizar diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas. Las prótesis totales de la articulación representan una de ellas. Desde mayo de 1999 hasta abril de 2004 se realizaron, de forma consecutiva, un total de 116 prótesis totales de la articulación trapecio-metacarpiana en 103 pacientes que padecían artrosis, utilizando la prótesis no cementada y no constreñida tipo ARPE® (Biomet Spain Orthopaedics SL, Valencia). Se presentan en este estudio los resultados de la revisión clínica, funcional y radiológica de los pacientes revisados durante 10 años de evolución. Material y Método: Los análisis de supervivencia fueron realizados mediante el método de Kaplan-Meier. De los 103 pacientes, 6 fueron excluidos y 97 pacientes, con 109 prótesis acabaron el estudio. Resultados: En la revisión de los 10 años de evolución, 102 (93,6%) eran prótesis funcionales y 7 (6,4%) prótesis eran consideradas prótesis fallidas (3 retiradas por aflojamiento, 3 luxaciones y 1 subluxación y dolor). La probabilidad de supervivencia de Kaplan–Meier fue de 94.1% [CI95% (90.4%,98.8%)]. Radiográficamente, 88 (86,3%) de las prótesis consideradas funcionales no mostraron evidencia de alteraciones del implante y 14 (13,7%) mostraron cambios radio gráficos que eran compatibles con la funcionalidad del implante. Se presenta en detalle el estudio de las complicaciones que han existido, con las posibles soluciones en las cirugías de revisión. Conclusión: La prótesis total de ARPE® ofrece una alternativa de tratamiento segura y fiable en pacientes con artrosis trapecio-metacarpiana grado III y algunos de grado IV con buen capital óseo, sobre todo, en el trapecio. La mayoría de las complicaciones aparecen por defectos de indicación o por defectos de la técnica quirúrgica y se pueden resolver con recambio protésico o con trapecectomía dependiendo de las circunstancias del implante y del paciente.

The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of the essential oil from the leaves of Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer 'terra-fria' and Annona squamosa L. The species were grown in a greenhouse for 18 months, which nutrient solution was applied weekly; the plants were then harvested and the leaves dried to extract the essential oil. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to study its chemical profiles. Eleven substances were found in the essential oil of A. emarginata, primarily (E)-caryophyllene (29.29%), (Z)-caryophyllene (16.86%), γ-muurolene (7.54%), α-pinene (13.86%), and tricyclene (10.04%). Ten substances were detected in the oil from A. squamosa, primarily (E)-caryophyllene (28.71%), (Z)-caryophyllene (14.46%), α-humulene (4.41%), camphene (18.10%), α-pinene (7.37%), β-pinene (8.71%), and longifolene (5.64%). Six substances were common to both species: (E)-caryophyllene, (Z)-caryophyllene, α-humulene, camphene, α-pinene, and β-pinene.

A partir de su creación como Territorio Federal en 1902, la antigua ciudad de Payo Obispo, hoy ciudad de Chetumal, ha sido una permanente observadora de la historia geopolítica de la entidad federativa de la que es sede de sus poderes políticos, sin quedarse al margen de una serie de problemas urbanos que muestran la ineficiencia en materia de planeación o de aplicación efectiva de los instrumentos de su desarrollo urbano. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo central explicar el proceso de creación y evolución del espacio urbano de Chetumal, desde la fundación de Payo Obispo en 1898, hasta la actualidad, identificando los diferentes problemas urbanos que ponen en entredicho el estatus de ciudad de Chetumal.

El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer y analizar la autopercepción que el alumnado que empieza el Grado de Maestro de Educación Primaria tiene de la dimensión comunicativa dentro de su competencia digital. Los resultados nos indican que los futuros maestros se consideran muy competentes en el uso del correo electrónico, herramienta que utilizan con mucha frecuencia. En cambio, muy pocos son capaces de crear, editar o modificar wikis; en general se muestran poco competentes en el trabajo colaborativo y las herramientas relacionadas. Las redes sociales tienen un enorme impacto. Las carencias en trabajo colaborativo son importantes.

Reading comprehension is one of the general abilities of English language in the teaching-learning process. This skill constitutes a cultural and a work device, and it is the basis that helps to acquire of a great amount of knowledge. This methodological suggestion facilitates the development of reading comprehension due to that it is a system of exercises which are organized in a hierarchical way that leads the students to better decode the message expressed in a text. Reading comprehension ability makes easier to decode a message not only in English language but in Spanish language as well. LA COMPRENSIÓN LECTORA EN LA ASIGNATURA INGLÉS CON FINES GENERALES AUTORAS: DIRECCIÓN PARA CORRESPONDENCIA: Departamento de Idiomas. Universidad de Las Tunas, Cuba. E-mail graciela@ult.edu.cu Fecha de recepción: 21 - 08 - 2013 Fecha de aceptación: 30 - 11 - 2013 RESUMEN La comprensión lectora es una de las habilidades generales en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del idioma inglés, esta constituye un instrumento de trabajo y de cultura y es la base que facilita el aprendizaje de un gran cúmulo de conocimientos. La presente alternativa metodológica facilita el desarrollo de la habilidad de comprensión lectora pues parte de un sistema de ejercicios jerárquicamente organizados, lo que conllevan al estudiante a una decodificación más acertada del mensaje expresado en los textos. El desarrollo de esta habilidad les permite la decodificación de información tanto en la lengua inglesa como en la lengua materna.