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Abstract: Plant and fruit quality is a reflection of several factors, one of which is the way the seedlings were produced. The aim of this study was to analyse the phytotechnical and nutritional characteristics of fig tree seedlings (Ficus carica L.) produced in a substrate comprising decomposed stems of the buriti palm (Mauritia flexuosa L.). A randomised block design was used, with treatments distributed in a 5x6 factorial scheme with one additional treatment, arranged in five blocks. The substrates included the following levels of decomposed buriti stems: 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, with a different decomposition time (0; 15; 30; 45; 60 and 75 days) for each treatment. There was one additional treatment comprising 100% soil. The following variables were evaluated to determine the effects of the treatments: number of leaves (NL), number of branches (NB), leaf chlorophyll index, diameter of the largest shoot (DLS), length of the largest shoot (LLS), leaf area (LA), root length (RL), root volume (RV), shoot fresh matter (SFM), root fresh matter (RFM), shoot dry matter (SDM) and root dry matter (RDM), with a chemical analysis of the shoots and soil before and after setting up the experiment. The proportion of decomposed buriti palm stem in the substrate yielded significant results for the morphological variables, including the number of leaves, shoot fresh matter, root fresh matter and root volume. For the nutritional variables relating to the aerial part of the seedlings, the proportion of substrate yielded significant results for the levels of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc. There were no significant results from the decomposition time; however, multivariate analysis showed that by the end of the experiment the nutrient concentration in the soil was higher than before the experiment.

The objective of the trial was to evaluate the callogenesis in vine seedlings using filters by double grafting technique. The trial was conducted in 2017, it was used a completely randomized experimental design with two treatments and subdivided plots, two filters, two varieties and 5 levels of evaluation of callus and root. Treatments: A1 - Cabernet sauvingon crown variety, grafted in the filter 101 - 14 Mgta (Callus 2), with 4cm, grafted in Paulsen 1103(Callus 1), A2 - Merlot variety, SO4 filter, with 8cm (C2), grafted in Paulsen1103 (C1). The evaluation was made at the end of the stratification, following the classification table, which ranged from 0, without formation and 4, complete formation, callogenesis level used in the pattern for planting the grafts in the field. The lowest % of roots coincided with the highest levels of calogenesis. There was no difference between treatments, considering the sizes of filters, different varieties of filter and canopy, for the callogenesis. A1 and A2, presented an average of 92.02% for callus C1 and 7.75% for callus C2. The production of viable grafts for field planting was limited by the low formation of the callus filter/canopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Soil and water bioengineering (SWBE) is a feasible, economical and ecologically friendly alternative to restore the riparian forest areas affected by the Brumadinho mining tailings dam rupture. We evaluated the vegetative propagation capacity by cuttings and initial development of nine native riparian species of the Paraobepa River for use in SWBE techniques. From the results it is possible to separate the species into two distinct groups, namely those that can resprout and produce roots from their cuttings (group 1: Acnistus arborescens (L.) Schltdl., Croton urucurana Baill., Gymnanthes schottiana Müll.Arg., Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. and Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Poir.) and are suitable for use as live cuttings in SWBE techniques; and those which were only able to produce shoots (group 2: Casearia decandra Jacq., Chrysophyllum marginatum (Hook. & Arn.) Radlk., Inga vera Willd. and Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi) and should only be used in seedling form to increase the diversity of the interventions.

ABSTRACT In Argentina, cassava (Manihot esculenta) production does not meet the national demand. The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of two planting systems of the stem cuttings (horizontal and vertical), two plant densities (10,000 and 20,000 plant ha-1) and two cassava genotypes (cv. Palomita and Blanca de Santa Catarina) on biometric variables and on root and starch yields by means of a field experiment carried out in Corrientes, Argentina. Eight treatments were distributed following a randomized complete block design. The following variables were evaluated: cutting sprouting percentage, plant height, percentage of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PARi); total, shoot and root fresh weight per hectare and/or per plant; starch production per hectare and weed dry biomass. Blanca de Santa Catarina (BSC) demonstrated the best yield potential. Vertical planting determined higher sprouting percentages, plant length and PARi, consequently greater conversion into biomass and starch. Higher plant density was associated with lower weed dry biomass and with lower root yield per plant. In conclusion, in cassava producing areas, such as Corrientes, which has sandy soils, the vertical planting system at a density of 10,000 plant ha-1 with the cv. BSC could be recommended to increase cassava yield without additional costs.

Genus Mentha includes plants employed by the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries, multiplied by vegetal propagation. In fact, these plants produce a high percentage of sterile seeds. The performance of different concentrations of organic compounds and of minerals nitrogen and boron in the development of mint seedlings produced by cuttings is evaluated. Cuttings were made by the median section of the branch, 10 cm in length and three to four knots. Treatments comprised two liquid commercial formulations, soluble in water: the first contained organic carbon and used with doses 0; 0.025; 0.05; 0.10%; the second contained nitrogen and boron, with doses 0; 0.03; 0.06; and 0.12%. Control contained distilled water. Experimental design was totally randomized, with factorial scheme 2 x 4 (formulations and doses), with four replications of seven cuttings for each treatment. Number of leaves, buds, height of aerial part, length of the largest root, biomass of fresh and dry material of the aerial part and of root system were evaluated. Data underwent analysis of variance and means grouped by Scott-Knott test at 5%. Effects of doses of each formulation underwent analysis of regression. Addition to substrate of nitrogen and boron at concentrations 0.03% and 0.06%, immediately after cutting, may be recommended to stimulate the expansion of the volume of the root system and the development of the aerial part, with the production of mint seedlings with satisfactory commercial quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The floristic composition of street trees of the Margarida Galvan district in the town of Dois Vizinhos PR Brazil, is characterized, with special reference to the management influence of cuttings. Tree inventory was undertaken by a census of 11 house blocks forming the district, evaluating biological parameters, cutting types (drastic; aerial electricity wires; lowering; raising; cleaning) through descriptive statistics and relative frequency for the interpretation of results. There were 25 tree species, distributed into 17 families and 24 genera, out of which 40.7% were exotic and 59.3% were native. Cutting types affects the development and strength of urban trees. Inventory revealed drastic cutting in 193 trees, resulting in the emission of numberless epicormic branches with subsequent imbalance. Further, 10.6% of the district's trees were potentially invading and their gradual eradication was recommended with their substitution by native species, following legislation in the state of Paraná and re-planning of the techniques and execution with the municipality, energy-producing company and outsourced firms according to ABNT norms for tree cutting (NBR 16.246-1/2013). Activities on environmental education should be endeavored on improvements of trees, responsibilities with regard to management and legal sanctions applied when cuttings are done erroneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: The nutritional management of the coffee clonal garden influences the production and physiological quality and seedlings production of vegetative propagules. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the seedlings’ production from clonal cuttings taken from Coffea canephora mother plants grown with increasing nitrogen mineral doses. The cuttings were taken from C. canephora var. botany Robusta, from the Embrapa Genetic Improvement Program of Rondônia. The mother plants received nitrogen fertilizer at different doses: 0 (Control); 50; 100; 150; 200; 250 and 300 kg of N per hectare divided into 4 applications, during 150 days of orthotropic stems growth (shoots). The following parameters were evaluated: Dry mass of cuttings, nutritional content of cuttings, and seedlings production, with growth analysis at 0, 48, 61, 80, 101, 122, 143, and 164 days after staking (DAS) and analysis of vegetative characteristics at 122 DAS. The nitrogen fertilization in the mother plant resulted in the variation of macronutrient accumulation in cuttings, but the order K> N> Ca> P> Mg> S was maintained, regardless of N dose. In addition, a positive correlation between nitrogen doses and dry matter accumulation, as well as the physiological quality of seedlings was identified.

The success of vegetatively propagated pitaya seedling production depends on several factors, such as the proper choice of substrate for its rooting. It has been verified that the millicompost has contributed to the production of seedlings of some species, however, there are no reports for the pitaya. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the efficiency of the millicompost generated by the activity of the diplopod Trigoniulus corallinus in the cuttings of the red pitaya. The substrates used were: S1) millicompost, S2) sand + manure and S3) Biomix®. Characterizations of the physicochemical, chemical and physical properties of the substrates were carried out. The phytotechnical parameters evaluated in the pitaya cuttings were: number of shoots, the length of the largest shoot, fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots. The millicompost presented physicochemical, chemical and physical properties suitable for the development of the pitaya, whose nutrient levels and physical characteristics, in addition to being superior to the other substrates, were able to obtain seedlings of superior quality and size in relation to the original seedlings of the other two substrates tested. The millicompost represents an excellent alternative as an organic substrate for the vegetative propagation of the pitaya tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the rooting and some physiological characteristics of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) stakes in different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and its association with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Claroideoglomus etunicatum (W.N. Becker & Gerd.) C. Walker & A. Schüssler e Gigaspora albida N.C. Schenck & G.S. Sm. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3x3 factorial scheme with three replicates, where the first factor was the AMF and the second factor by doses of IBA (0; 1.0 and 1.5 mg .mL-1). The results showed that the presence of AMF in the substrate, as well as the IBA, isolated or in association stimulates the rooting and some physiological characters of L. camara cuttings.

Abstract The use of native species’ stem cuttings in riparian forests disturbed by silting could be a promising low-tech alternative for restoration practitioners in riverscape rehabilitation. In this study, we evaluated the vegetative propagation of Amazonian native plants (Buchenavia parviflora, Euterpe oleracea, Ficus insipida and Socratea exorrhiza) with the addition of a bio-fertilizer, and humic and fulvic acids in soil disturbed by human-induced silting. We found that F. insipida and B. parviflora were able to grow and showed high survival percentage with the development of leaves, buds, and roots; even in nutrient deficient and clayey soils. We also found that the frequency of application and the concentration of the organic additives did not show significant influence on plants’ development. Thus, advance in situ tests with both species could be an interesting step to contribute to riverine ecosystems restoration practices.

ABSTRACT The intrinsic characteristics of the vegetative propagule may influence the rooting speed and shoot growth, as well as the final physiological quality of clonal seedlings of Coffea canephora. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and physiological quality of ‘Robusta’ coffee seedlings produced from propagules (stem cuttings) with different cutting ages. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, in the district of Ouro Preto do Oeste, in Rondônia, Brazil (10˚45’43” S and 62˚15’10” W). The ages of the cuttings were 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days, corresponding to five positions on the secondary orthotropic stem (sprout), from the apex to the base. Dry matter accumulation, and relative and absolute growth rates were evaluated for 188 days after cutting, as well as the vegetative characteristics of the seedlings at 125 days after cutting. It appears that growth can be divided into three phases: 1) Initial: slow growth, lasting approximately 83 days; 2) Intermediate: fast growth, lasting approximately 40 days; and 3) Final: slow growth, starting approximately 125 days after cutting. With physiological quality, although all the cuttings showed similar growth curves, those of 60, 90 and 120 days produced, 125 days after cutting, the best vegetative performance in the seedlings.

Abstract The cloning of camu-camu by cuttings has shown distinct and sometimes controversial results. The use of juvenile materials has been indicated for difficult rooting species. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the emission of epicormic sprouts in mega-cuttings and cuttings of detached branches, as well as the cloning of camu-camu from these sprouts. The research was developed by conducting four experiments, the first two being related to the emission of epicormic sprouts, while the others referred to the cloning of camu-camu from these sprouts. In experiments evaluating sprout emission, the following factors were studied: mother plant x branch position; mother plant x substrate. In the other tests, using standard cuttings with two pairs of leaves made from epicormic sprouts, the following factors were evaluated: mother plant x cutting type x indolbutyric acid concentration (IBA); mother plant x hydroretentive polymer x environment. The number and speed of sprouts vary depending on the mother plant. IBA has negative influence on cutting and cuttings from the lower portion of sprouts have greater rooting potential than those from the upper portion. Environment with intermittent mist irrigation is more suitable for the propagation of camu-camu by cuttings. Vegetative rescue by means of epicormic sprouts in mega-cuttings and cuttings of detached branches presents potential application for the clonal propagation of camu-camu, requiring improvement in order to increase efficiency.

Abstract: Understanding the mechanisms involved in tree species maturation, related mainly to ontogenetic age effects, has contributed significantly to the vegetative propagation process of Brazilian native tree species, with consequent application of clonal forestry. A number of methodologies has been developed to rescue and vegetatively propagate these species for silvicultural and environmental restoration purposes. However, the types and purposes of propagation, as well as the choice of suitable processes and propagules considering the intended objectives, still need to be better aligned. In addition, there is an evident knowledge gap and great potential regarding the use of native tree species in Brazilian clonal forestry, indicating the need of a greater interaction between studies on the vegetative propagation and vigor of these materials in the field. Therefore, this review aims to help understand the different types of techniques used and their application on the vegetative propagation and clonal forestry of Brazilian native tree species, besides proposing a schematic sequence of the stages involved in these processes for productive and environmental purposes.

Abstract The propagation of many passion fruit species (Passiflora spp.) is done by seeds or sexual method, although asexual propagation, such stem cuttings, grafting or tissue culture is also possible and very useful in many cases. In this work, it was presented information on scientific and technological advances in sexual and asexual propagation of passion fruit, considering the different propagation methods and their applications. New demands for research and development activities are also related, given the wide range of passion fruit species and its potential for food, ornamental and medicinal use.

ABSTRACT The reality of Brazilian fruit farming is demonstrating increasing demand for sustainable information about native and exotic fruit, which can diversify and elevate the efficiency of fruit exploitation. Research on propagation of fruits tree is very important so that it can provide a protocol for suitable multiplication of this fruitful. Due to the great genetic diversity of rambutan plants, it is recommended the use of vegetative propagated plants. This research aimed to evaluate the propagation of rambutan by cuttings, layering and grafting, as well as seed germination and viability without storage. The results of this research indicate that this species can be successfully propagated by layering, grafting and seeds. We also observed that the germination percentage of seeds kept inside the fruits for six days were not influenced by the different substrates used in this experiment.

In reducing the cost of production, one alternative is the use of asexual propagation when obtaining tomato seedlings. Use of the appropriate substrate can also result in better rooting and development of the cuttings. The aim of this experiment therefore, was to evaluate the effect of different substrates and means of propagation in the production of tomato seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with cuttings collected from the side shoots of healthy mother plants, sorted into two sizes and hybrid tomato seeds. The seeds and cuttings were grown in two commercial substrates. The experimental design was completely randomised in a 3x2 factorial scheme (propagation x substrate), with four replications, giving a total of 24 lots. There was interaction between the means of propagation and types of substrate for the following characteristics: root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, length of main root, final length of shoots, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, total fresh weight and total dry weight. Rooting was affected by the substrate, and main root length by the means of propagation. The cuttings of 11 cm in length stood out for making the vegetative propagation of the tomato viable. Using coconut fibre as a substrate promoted better root development = Uma alternativa para diminuir o custo de produção do tomateiro é o uso de propagação assexuada para a obtenção de mudas, além disso, a utilização de um substrato adequado pode promover um melhor enraizamento e desenvolvimento das estacas. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de diferentes formas de propagação e substratos na produção de mudas de tomateiro. Realizou-se o experimento em casa de vegetação com estacas coletadas a partir de brotos laterais de plantas matrizes sadias, padronizadas em dois tamanhos e sementes híbridas de tomateiro. As estacas e sementes foram cultivadas em dois substratos comerciais, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3x2 (propagação x substratos), quatro repetições, totalizando 24 parcelas. Houve interação entre as formas de propagação e os tipos de substratos para as seguintes características: massa fresca das raízes, massa fresca da parte aérea, comprimento da raiz principal, comprimento final da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz, massa seca da parte aérea, massa fresca total e massa seca total. O enraizamento foi afetado pelo substrato, enquanto o comprimento da raiz principal pelas formas de propagação. As estacas de 11 cm de comprimento se destacaram, tornando a propagação vegetativa do tomateiro viável. A utilização do substrato de fibra de coco promoveu melhor desenvolvimento radicular

The use of rootstocks resulting from sexual propagation is a major problem that peach crop has in Brazil, reflecting the lack of plant homogeneity, which compromises the productivity of orchards. The clonal propagation is a promising alternative for the production of homogeneous seedlings with low cost and speed, as well as the maintenance of important agronomic characteristics. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the feasibility of propagation of rootstocks of Nemared, Flordaguard and Okinawa peach cultivars through herbaceous minicuttings, testing different concentrations of IBA (0; 1,000; 2,000; and 3,000mg.L-1). The minicuttings were immersed in the solution for five seconds and, then, placed in clear plastic containers containing medium grained vermiculite. The experiment was conducted with four replications of 20 minicuttings in the greenhouse. In 45 days, it was observed that Nemared obtained 76% of rooting with 1,000 mg.L-1of IBA, not differing from Flordaguard with 66%. The estimated dose of IBA for maximum rooting was 1,590 mg.L-1.

The aims of this study were to analyze the in vitro germination, seed germination processes and determine the best conditions of the vegetative propagation of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.). The morphobiometric traits of the seed were measured. Different sucrose concentrations during in vitro germination were analyzed. The effects of using indole-butyric acid (AIB) on the adventitious rooting of three types of sacha inchi cutting were also assessed. The percentages of foliar retention, rooted cuttings, cuttings with sprouting and mortality, number of roots per cutting, length of the largest root and dry mass of aerial part and roots were evaluated. Sacha inchi was found to exhibit phanerocotylar epigeal germination, taking from 20 to 25 days. For in vitro cultivation, MS culture medium without the addition of sucrose was used to obtain higher germination rates (70%). The types of cutting used in vegetative propagation produced satisfactory adventitious roots (> 50%), but apical cuttings were more efficient. They were also capable of rooting without the application of AIB, but concentrations of between 0.10 and 0.20 mg L-1 AIB are recommended in the vegetative propagation of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this estudy was to evaluate the influence of cuttings related to their position in the branch (basal, middle and apical) and presence of leaves on rooting native yellow passionfruit (Passiflora actinia). Cuttings with two nodes were prepared 80-10 cm long, and his was planted inplastic pots containing vermiculite, maintained in a greenhouse under intermittent mist for 90 days. We evaluated the percentage of rooted cuttings, number of roots, dry weight and length of roots. The statistical design was randomized blocks with 6 treatments, each treatment consisted of four replications with 12 cuttings each. We performed analysis of variance and Tukey’s test to the data interpretation. It was concluded that the presence of leaves on the basal cuttings showed the highest rooting percentage, the greater number of roots higher dry weight and greater length of roots.

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Bauhinia x blakeana (B. purpurea x B. variegata) is a natural hybrid that has been cultivated in gardens, streets and parks. Due to its sterility, it must be vegetatively propagated. The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of cuttings and grafting on its propagation. Semi-woody cuttings were collected during four seasons and treated with 0; 1,000; 2,000; and 3,000 mg L-1 of IBA. The experimental design was entirely randomized and the treatments were arranged in a 4x4 factorial scheme (four collecting times x four IBA concentrations) and five replications with 10 cuttings each, per collecting time and per IBA concentration. Characteristics of roots and shoots were evaluated after 90 days. The data means were compared by the Tukey test and submitted to the polynomial regression analysis. For the grafting experiment, B. variegata and B. variegata var. candida plants of six and 12 months were used as rootstocks and the splice graft and T-budding methods were tested. The experimental design was entirely randomized and the treatments were arranged in a 2x2x2 factorial scheme (two rootstock species x two grafting methods x two rootstock ages) and four replications with five plants each, per rootstock species, per grafting method and per rootstock age. Characteristics of shoots were evaluated after 90 days and the data means were compared by the Tukey test. B. x blakeana can be propagated by semi-woody cuttings collected in spring, without IBA application, or in summer, with the application of 3,000 mg L-1 of IBA. The tested grafting methods were not effective.Bauhinia x blakeana (B. purpurea x B. variegata) é um híbrido natural que tem sido cultivado em jardins, ruas e parques. Por ser estéril, é essencial que seja multiplicado vegetativamente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a viabilidade da estaquia e da enxertia na propagação desse híbrido. Estacas semilenhosas foram coletadas nas quatro estações do ano e tratadas com 0, 1.000, 2.000 e 3.000 mg L-1 de AIB. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, e os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial duplo (quatro estações do ano x quatro concentrações de AIB) e cinco repetições com 10 estacas cada, por concentração de AIB e por estação do ano. Características vegetais e radiculares das estacas foram avaliadas após 90 dias. As médias dos dados foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey e submetidas à análise de regressão polinomial. Para a enxertia, mudas de seis e 12 meses de B. variegata e B. variegata var. candida foram usadas como porta-enxerto, e os métodos de garfagem inglês simples e borbulhia "T" invertido foram testados. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, e os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial triplo (duas espécies de porta-enxerto x dois tipos de enxertia x duas idades do porta-enxerto) e quatro repetições com cinco mudas cada, por tipo de enxertia, por idade do porta-enxerto e por espécie. Características vegetais do enxerto foram avaliadas após 90 dias e as médias dos dados, comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. O híbrido B. x blakeana pode ser multiplicado por estacas semilenhosas coletadas na primavera, sem o uso de AIB, ou no verão, com a aplicação de 3.000 mg L-1 de AIB. Os métodos testados de enxertia não foram eficientes.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to follow the development of leaf area index (LAI) of eucalyptus seedlings propagated through minicutting. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the FLORA SINOP nursery with controlled conditions in order to ensure temperature around 30 C and relative humidity above 80%. The cuttings were collected from ministumps established in clonal minigarden and were prepared in tubes with substrate. The leaf area index was determined with the aid of an integrator of leaf area and after obtaining the results were evaluated by analysis of variance (f = 0.05) and Tukey test at 5% probability. The Clone 1 and Clone 2 were the only ones to present frank leaf area development under conditions of the greenhouse, while the others came to increase, significantly, the values of leaf area only in sunny conditions. The Clone 4 had a different behavior from the others when it was in sunny conditions, since his leaf area decreases due to abscission of some leaves under these conditions. The results showed different behaviors between the clones tested with regard the expansion of leaf area during the analysis period.Keywords: cuttings, eucalyptus, clone

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o enraizamento de estacas caulinares e radiculares de Rubus fruticosus, tratadas com AIB. Estacas radiculares e caulinares dessa espécie foram coletadas em março, tendo posteriormente suas bases tratadas com diferentes concentrações de ácido indolbutírico (AIB, 1000, 2000, 3000 e 4000 mg L-1) por 10 segundos. O tratamento controle foi baseado somente no uso da água. As estacas caulinares foram enterradas a 2/3 de seu comprimento, em posição vertical, e as radiculares foram totalmente enterradas, na horizontal, utilizando-se a vermiculitaï como substrato, em telado com sombreamento de 50%. Após 60 dias, pôde-se concluir que as estacas caulinares apresentaram melhores resultados para formação das mudas, não se devendo tratá-las com AIB.The objective of the present work was to evaluate the rizogenic potential for stems and root cuttings of Rubus fruticosus treated with indolbutyric acid. Roots and stems cuttings of this specie were collected in March, and had their basal portions treated with different concentrations of indolbutyric acid (IBA) (1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 mg L-1) for 10 seconds. The control treatment used only water. The stem cuttings were planted with 2/3 of their length in the vertical position and the root cuttings were totally covered in the horizontal position, using vermiculite as substrate, in screenhouse with 50% of shade. After 60 days, the stem cuttings presented better results for seedling formation, without IBA.

O gênero Mentha é cultivado mundialmente para a produção de óleo essencial, com ênfase no constituinte mentol, amplamente utilizado nas indústrias farmacêutica, cosmética, alimentícia e de higiene pessoal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da utilização de diferentes estruturas de propagação e épocas de colheita de Mentha canadensis L. no Litoral Norte Catarinense. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4x2, comparando quatro estruturas de propagação (estolões com 10, 15 e 20 cm de comprimento e estacas com 5 cm de comprimento) e duas épocas de colheita (95 dias após o plantio e 60 dias após a rebrota). Em cada colheita foi avaliado o crescimento vegetativo e produtividade de óleo essencial e de mentol. Na primeira colheita, houve maior acúmulo de massa seca de folhas, caules e total; produtividade de óleo essencial e de mentol quando o plantio foi realizado com mudas obtidas por estaquia. Na segunda colheita, no entanto, não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para todas as variáveis analisadas. A primeira colheita resultou em médias superiores em relação à segunda colheita à exceção do plantio por estolão com 10 cm em todas as variáveis e estolão com 20 cm para a massa seca de caules. Os constituintes majoritários do óleo essencial foram mentol, mentona e neomentol. Os teores de mentol foram significativamente superiores na segunda colheita e de mentona na primeira colheita, sendo que o neomentol não apresentou diferença significativa em ambas as colheitas. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a colheita antecipada da rebrota proporciona maior concentração de mentol no óleo essencial. O uso de estolões como estrutura de propagação pode ser considerada uma alternativa viável para menta, pois além de apresentar níveis similares de produção de óleo essencial e de mentol a partir da segunda colheita ao de áreas implantadas com mudas, diminui o custo de produção.The genus Mentha is cultivated worldwide for essential oil production, with emphasis on its major constituent, menthol, which is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries and for personal care. This work investigates the use of different propagation structures and harvesting times of Mentha canadensis L., in the Santa Catarina State north coast. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a 4X2 factorial, comparing four propagation structures (stolon with 10, 15 and 20 cm and stem cuttings with 5 cm) and two harvesting times (95 days after planting and 60 days after the regrowth). In each harvesting time, the vegetative growth, essential oil and menthol productivities were evaluated. The first harvest showed greater leaf, branch and total dry mass accumulation, and essential oil and menthol productivities when stem cuttings were used. In the second harvest, no differences were observed for all evaluated variables. The first harvest resulted in higher averages than the second harvest, with exception in all variables for the use of stolon with 10 cm and in stem dry mass for stolon with 20 cm. The major constituents of the essential oil were menthol, menthone, neomenthol. The levels of menthol were significantly higher in the second harvest and of menthone in the first harvest, while neomenthol showed no significant difference. The results suggest that early harvest of the regrowth results in great menthol concentrations in the essential oil. The use of stolons as a propagation structure can be considered a viable alternative for mint, as it provides similar levels of essential oil and menthol productions after the second harvest, when compared to stem cuttings and also reduces the production cost.

Smilax L. species, popularly known in Brazil as salsaparrilha, have been used in folk medicine as tonic against rheumatism and as anti-syphilitic since the sixteenth century; however, until today, their roots have been explored in an extractive way. The aim of this study was to analyze the propagation of Smilax fluminensis aiming to meet the demand and to propose procedures for its sustainable management. It was analyzed the percentage of seed germination, rooting of aerial and subterranean stem cuttings and plant resprouting capacity after removal of the shoots. The monitoring lasted one year. Seeds were subjected to temperatures: 25°C, 30°C, 20-30°C and 20-35°C under a daily photoperiod of eight hours and in the absence of light. For rooting the stem cuttings, aerial and subterranean stems about 20cm long with two nodal regions were subjected to treatment with distilled water (control) and indolbutyric acid (IBA) at 100ppm. The best germination percentages obtained for S. fluminensis were 80% at 20-30°C under light and 85% at 30°C in the dark. Only subterranean stem cuttings showed significant difference concerning fresh and dry matter of roots with higher values in treatments with hormone compared to the control.As espécies do gênero Smilax L., conhecidas popularmente como salsaparrilha, são empregadas na medicina popular como fortificante contra o reumatismo e antissifilítico desde o século XVI, porém até hoje as suas raízes são exploradas de maneira extrativista. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a propagação de Smilax fluminensis visando a auxiliar no atendimento da demanda e apontar propostas para o seu manejo sustentável. Foram analisados a porcentagem de germinação de sementes, o enraizamento de estacas de ramos aéreos e subterrâneos e o acompanhamento ao longo de um ano da capacidade de rebrotamento das plantas após a retirada dos ramos aéreos. As sementes foram submetidas às temperaturas: 25, 30, 20-30 e 20-35°C, sob fotoperíodo diário de oito horas e na ausência de luz. Para o enraizamento de estacas, foram utilizados ramos aéreos e subterrâneos com aproximadamente 20cm com duas regiões nodais submetidas ao tratamento com água destilada (controle) e com ácido indolbutírico (AIB) a 100ppm. As melhores porcentagens de germinação obtidas para S. fluminensis, 80% em 20-30°C no claro e 85% a 30°C no escuro. Apenas as estacas de ramos subterrâneos enraizaram, houve diferença significativa em relação à massa fresca e seca de raízes com valores maiores nos tratamentos com hormônio em relação ao controle.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes diâmetros de estacas na propagação de Lippia alba. Foram testadas estacas de 25 cm de comprimento, com diâmetros de 0,3-0,5 cm; 0,6-0,9 cm e 1-1,2 cm. Aos 30 e 60 dias após o plantio das estacas foram determinadas as características biométricas, como porcentagem de enraizamento, número de brotos, comprimento dos brotos, massas secas de brotos, estacas, raízes e total. Todos os diâmetros de estacas apresentaram altas taxas de enraizamento aos 30 dias, comprovando que a L. alba é uma espécie de fácil propagação por estaquia. A produção de mudas de L. alba deve ser realizada com estacas entre 1-1,2 cm de diâmetro, que foi superior aos outros diâmetros testados na maioria das características biométricas determinadas.The aim of this work was to study the effect of different diameters of cuttings on the propagation and growth of Lippia alba. Cuttings of 25 cm length, with three different diameters: 0.3-0.5 cm, 0.6-0.9 cm and 1-1.2 cm, were tested. At 30 and 60 days after the planting of cuttings, the following biometric parameters were determined rooting percentage; number of buds, length of buds; dry matter of buds, cuttings and roots; and total dry matter. All diameters of cuttings presented high rates of rooting after 30 days, confirming that L. alba is an easy-to-root species. L. alba seedling production should use cuttings between 1-1.2 cm diameter, which was better than the others diameters considering most of the tested parameters.

O fruto do camu-camu chama a atenção pelo alto teor de vitamina C (877 a 6.116 mg/100 g de polpa). A propagação normalmente é por semente, que proporciona segregação em diferentes características de interesse comercial, enquanto a propagação vegetativa permite obter plantas de melhor uniformidade. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do ácido indolbutírico - AIB (0 e 200 mg L-1), no enraizamento de estacas provenientes de ramos juvenis de camu-camu (5; 10 e 20 cm de comprimento, com 2 a 3 cm de diâmetro). As estacas de 20 cm de comprimento com aplicação de AIB são indicadas para a produção de mudas, cujo índice atinge 50% de mudas formadas (brotos + raiz). A utilização de AIB produziu um efeito positivo no desenvolvimento do número e comprimento de raízes. O índice de estacas enraizadas foi de 58% com a utilização de AIB e de 5% sem AIB. Efeito negativo foi observado em relação ao número de brotos (com AIB: 1,0; sem AIB: 1,8) e estacas brotadas (com AIB: 22%, sem AIB: 49%). As estacas de 20 cm de comprimento comportam-se positivamente no número de brotos por estaca (2,0) e estacas brotadas (55%), em relação às estacas de 10 cm com 1,1 broto e 33%, e 5 cm com 1,1 broto e 19%.The fruit of camu-camu is attractive because of its high vitamin C content (877 to 6113 mg/100 g of pulp). Its propagation normally is by seed, which segregate for different characteristics of commercial interest; hence a vegetative propagation method would allow better uniformity. This study evaluated the effect of indolebutyric acid - AIB (0 and 200 mg L-1) on the rooting of young branches of camu-camu (5, 10 and 20 cm in length and 2 to 3 cm in diameter). The 20 cm long cuttings with AIB application were most appropriate for production of camu-camu clones, with 50% successfully formed (sprouts + root). AIB had a positive effect in the development of root number (with AIB - 12; without AIB - 1), root length (with AIB - 11 cm; without AIB - 4 cm) and rooted cuttings (with AIB - 58%; without AIB - 5%), but negative in sprout number (with AIB - 1.0; without AIB - 1.8) and cuttings sproued (with AIB - 22%; without AIB - 49%). The 20 cm long cuttings had 2.0 sprouts and 55% cuttings sprouted, while the 10 cm cuttings had 1.1 sprouts and 33%, and the 5 cm had 1.1 sprouts and 19%.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar em casa de vegetação o potencial de enraizamento de diferentes espécies silvestres de maracujá, utilizando diferentes doses de ácido indolilbutírico. Estacas herbáceas de plantas adultas de Passiflora setacea, P. coccinea, P. amethystina, P. edulis, P. edulis x P. setacea e P. coccinea x P. setacea foram coletadas e tratadas com doses de 0; 250; 500; 750 e 1.000 mgL-1 de IBA, sendo em seguida plantadas em bandejas com substrato umedecido e mantidas sob nebulização intermitente. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 5 repetições, em arranjo fatorial de 6 x 5 (seis espécies e cinco níveis de regulador vegetal) e 6 estacas úteis por unidade experimental. As variáveis analisadas foram estaca viva com raiz e com broto (EVCRCB), estaca viva com raiz e sem broto (EVCRSB), estaca viva com calo (EVCC), estaca viva sem calo (EVSC), total de estacas enraizadas (TER), estaca morta com raiz (EMCR), estaca morta com calo (EMCC), estaca morta sem calo (EMSC), total de estaca morta (TEM), estaca com broto (ECB), média de estacas com broto (MEB), massa seca da raiz (MSRA), massa seca do broto (MSBRO) e massa seca total (MSTOTAL). A espécie P. amethystina apresentou o melhor desenvolvimento, destacando-se entre as outras espécies e mostrando potencial para enraizamento, tendo 88,67% de estacas enraizadas e brotadas. O uso do IBA foi eficiente à medida que se aumentavam as doses, proporcionando bom desenvolvimento às estacas das espécies estudadas.The aim of this work was to evaluate under greenhouse conditions, the rooting potential of different wild species of passion fruit using different doses of indolebutyric acid. Herbaceous cuttings of adult plants of Passiflora setacea, P. coccinea, P. amethystina, P. edulis, P. edulis x P. setacea and P. coccinea x P. setacea were collected and treated with doses of 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mgL-1 of IBA, and then planted in trays with moistened substrate and held under intermittent mist. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 5 replications and 6 x 5 factorial arrangement (six species and five IBA levels) and 6 useful cuttings per experimental unit. The variables observed were rooted living cutting with sprouts (RLCWS), rooted living cutting without sprouts (RLCWOS), living cutting with callus (LCWC), living cutting without callus (LCWOC), total of rooted cuttings (TRC), dead rooted cutting (DRC), dead cutting with callus (DCWC), dead cutting without callus (DCWOC), total of dead cuttings (TDC), cutting with sprouds (CWS), average cuttings with sprouts (ACWS), root dry matter (ROOTDM), sprout dry matter (SPRDM),and total of dry matter (TOTALDM). The P. amethystina species presented better development than other species, showing rooting potential, with 88.67% of cuttings with roots and sprouts. The use of IBA was efficient as the doses were increased, providing a good development for cuttings of the studied species.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the outplanting growth of Eucalyptus grandis e E. saligna clones, produced by cuttings in tubes (50cm³) and in pressed blocks (40x60x07cm) - 175 cm³/ seedlings, with different substrates (BT - sugarcane bagasse+sugarcane filter cake; AR - carbonized rice hull + eucalyptus bark; TF - peat). The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in a 2x7 factorial (2 clones and 7 treatments), with four replicates with 25 plants. Survival was evaluated two months later. Plant growth was monitored through height and ground level diameter at 20, 40, 60, 120 and 180 days after outplanting. To evaluate the effect of the containers on stem and root biomass in both clones, 180 days after outplanting, the cuttings grown in BT substrate with fertilizer were selected. One plant per plot of each clone, grown in tubes and in pressed blocks was selected. The E. grandis and E. saligna cuttings grown in pressed blocks with sugarcane bagasse+sugarcane filter cake presented greater height and diameter after out planting. Both clones presented larger root, bark, log and branch biomass production in plants produced in the block system. Cuttings of E. saligna grown in pressed blocks showed 80% most wood biomass 180 days after outplanting, compared to that grown in tubes. In E. grandis, the differences in diameter and height, in function of the cutting production system, decreased along time, while in E. saligna these differences increased along the evaluation period.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento no campo dos clones de Eucalyptus grandis e E. saligna, originadas de miniestacas produzidas em tubetes (50 cm³) e em blocos prensados (40 x 60 x 07 cm) - 175 cm³/muda, com diferentes substratos (BT - bagaço de cana-de-açúcar+torta de filtro de usina de cana-de-açúcar; AR - casca de eucalipto decomposta+casca de arroz carbonizada; TF - turfa). Foi utilizado um delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 7 (2 clones e 7 tratamentos), com quatro repetições de 25 mudas. A porcentagem de sobrevivência foi avaliada dois meses após o plantio. A altura e diâmetro ao nível do solo foram monitorados aos 20, 40, 60 e 180 dias após o plantio. Para avaliar o efeito dos recipientes sobre a biomassa aérea e radicular de ambos os clones, 180 dias após o plantio as mudas produzidas em substrato BT com adubação foram selecionadas. Foi selecionada uma planta por parcela de cada clone, produzidas em tubetes e blocos. As mudas de E. grandis e E. saligna produzidas em blocos prensados em bagaço de cana-de-açúcar+torta de filtro de cana-de-açúcar apresentaram maior crescimento em altura e diâmetro após o plantio. Em ambos os clones foi observada maior produção de biomassa de raiz, casca, lenho e galhos nas plantas produzidas em sistemas de blocos prensados. As mudas de E. saligna produzidas em blocos prensados apresentaram cerca de 80% a mais de lenho, 180 dias após o plantio, em relação às plantas provenientes de mudas produzidas em tubetes. No E. grandis, as diferenças em diâmetro e altura, em função do sistema de produção, foram reduzidas ao longo do tempo, enquanto no E. saligna essas diferenças foram acentuadas ao longo do período de avaliação.

O mirtilo (Vaccinium sp.) é uma espécie de clima temperado que, por ocasião do período vegetativo, produz abundante quantidade de material vegetal que pode ser utilizado na propagação. Objetivou-se verificar o potencial de enraizamento de estacas herbáceas de diferentes cultivares de mirtilo, tratadas ou não com ácido indolbutírico e com e sem lesão na base. O trabalho foi realizado em dois experimentos, testando a capacidade de enraizamento das cultivares Florida, Woodard, Bluegem, Bluebele, Clímax e Briteblue. No primeiro experimento, as estacas das cultivares foram tratadas com AIB (0, 2500, 5000 e 7500mgL-1). No segundo experimento utilizou-se 2000mgL-1 de AIB, em estacas com e sem lesão na base. O delineamento utilizado foi completamente casualizado com repetições e unidades experimentais adequadas para cada experimento. O uso do ácido indolbutírico e a lesão nas estacas, não proporcionaram estímulo na emissão de raízes adventícias; as cultivares apresentam potencial genético de enraizamento diferenciado, sendo que, a Bluebelle apresentou maiores porcentuais de estacas enraizadas, e a Clímax, os menores porcentuais.Blueberries (Vaccinium sp.) are species of temperate climate that, for occasion of the vegetative period, produce large amount of vegetal material that can be used in the propagation. This way, with the aim of verifying the rooting potential of different herbaceous cuttings of blueberry cultivars, with the use or not of indolbutíric acid and base injury. The work was carried out in two experiments, having tested the capacity of rooting of the following cultivars Florida, Woodard, Bluegem, Bluebele, Clímax and Briteblue. In the first experiment, cuttings of cultivars were treated with IBA (0, 2500, 5000 and 7500mg.L-1). On the second experiment one used 2000mg.L-1 of AIB, in cuttings with and without injury in the base. The experimental design was the completely randomized with adjusted repetitions and experimental units for each experiment. After 90 days, it was evaluated rooting percentage for each cultivar submitted to IBA treatment with different doses. The use of the indolbutíric acid and the cutting injury, did not stimulated the emission of adventitious root; the cultivars present genetic potential of differentiated rooting, so that, the Bluebelle presented higher percentage rooting cutting, and the Climax, the lowest percentage.

A corticeira-do-banhado é uma árvore nativa com uso ornamental no paisagismo urbano e possui potencial de utilização em áreas desprotegidas e degradadas, devido a sua rusticidade. Entretanto, tendo em vista a dificuldade de obtenção de sementes, pela baixa produção e qualidade destas com a conseqüente desuniformidade da germinação, torna-se necessário aprofundar o estudo de outras formas de propagação dessa espécie. Desse modo, conduziu-se este trabalho na Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Passo Fundo, com o objetivo de estudar a formação de mudas de Erythrina crista-galli L. pela técnica da estaquia. Em quatro experimentos foram testadas doses do fitorregulador ácido indolbutírico (AIB), em diferentes tipos de estacas (lenhosas, semilenhosas, herbáceas e foliares) e substratos. Os resultados indicaram que mini-estacas herbáceas, coletadas de plantas jovens, com menos de 1 ano de idade, são as mais indicadas (75% a 100% de enraizamento), e o uso do AIB diminuiu a mortalidade, ao favorecer o processo do enraizamento. Em razão do ataque de insetos (brocas) às plantas no seu hábitat, recomenda-se a técnica de jardim clonal, com a formação de matrizeiros no viveiro, fornecendo material juvenil e sadio em maior escala para a propagação dessa espécie por miniestacas.Swamp corticeira is a native tree with ornamental use in urban landscape gardening with the potential to be used in unprotected and degraded areas due to its rustic feature. However, the difficulty of obtaining seeds due to its low productivity and quality, and consequent lack of uniformity in its germination makes it necessary to search for other forms of propagation of this species. Thus, this study was carried out at the Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine College of Passo Fundo University, aiming to study the formation of Erythrina crista-galli L. cuttings by applying the cutting technique. Doses of phytoregulator Indol Butyric Acid (IBA) and substrates were tested in different types of cuttings (woody plants, semi-woody plants, herbaceous and leafy plants), in four experiments. The results showed that mini-cuttings, collected from less than one- year-old plants are the most recommended (75 % to 100 % of rooted cuttings), considering that the use of IBA decreased cutting mortality by favoring the rooting process. Due to insect attack (Isoptera) to the plants in its natural habitat, it is recommended the formation and maintenance of stock plants in the tree nursery for this cloning garden technique to provide young and healthy material in a larger scale for the propagation of this species by mini-cuttings.

Na obtenção de mudas de figueira (Ficus carica L.) de raiz nua por meio de estacas lenhosas, além de demandar em torno de um ano para sua obtenção, ocorre alto percentual de perda, requerendo grande quantidade de material vegetal. Com o uso de estacas herbáceas, objetivou-se verificar o seu enraizamento influenciado pela presença e ausência das folhas, coletadas de plantas-matrizes com e sem frutos e tratadas com AIB em diferentes concentrações. As estacas herbáceas foram retiradas da porção mediana de ramos de figueira 'Roxo de Valinhos' preparadas com 25 cm de comprimento e 15 mm de diâmetro aproximadamente e foram imersas em solução de AIB nas concentrações de 0,150 e 300 mg L-1 durante 24 horas. Posteriormente, foram plantadas em sacolas de polietileno preto contendo areia lavada e solo em mistura na proporção de 3:2 v/v como substrato e mantidas em casa-de-vegetação sob nebulização intermitente durante 60 dias. Maiores percentuais de enraizamento, peso da matéria seca das brotações e das raízes foram obtidas em estacas sem folhas e coletadas de plantas-matrizes sem frutos. Constatou-se ainda que não houve necessidade do tratamento das estacas com AIB.Roots from young fig plants (Ficus carica L.) obtained through hardwood cuttings takes around one year and it has a high percentage of loss a large requesting amount of propagation material. With the use of herbaceous cuttings, it was aimed to verify its rooting influence by the presence and absence of leaves, collected from mother-plants with fruits, without fruits and treated with indolbutyric acid in different concentrations. The herbaceous cuttings were removed from the middle portion of fig branches cv. Roxo de Valinhos with 15 cm length and 15 mm diameter approximately and they were clipped in indolbutyric acid solution on 0, 150 and 300 mg L-1 concentrations during 24 hours. After this period, the cuttings were planted in black polyethylene bags containing washed sand and soil mixture inside (3:2 v/v) as a substrate and maintained in greenhouse under intermittent mist for 60 days. Higher percentage of rooting, dry matter weight of sprouts and roots dry matter weight of roots were obtained in cuttings without leaves and collected from mother-plants without fruits. It is not necessary the treatment with indolbutyric acid in cuttings.

A hortênsia (Hydrangea macrophylla) é um arbusto semilenhoso de 1,0 a 2,5 m de altura, de folhagem e florescimento decorativos, muito utilizados como flor de vaso e planta para paisagismo. Conduziu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de estudar o enraizamento de estacas de três partes da planta: apical, mediana e basal; em três tipos de substratos: terra, areia e vermiculita, para a formação de mudas. As estacas foram retiradas das plantas matrizes e divididas em segmentos apical, mediano e basal, os quais foram colocados para enraizar em bandejas de isopor, nos substratos areia, terra e vermiculita, em estufa com nebulização. As estacas que apresentaram melhor qualidade de raízes foram as originadas da parte basal do ramo, sendo que o melhor enraizamento foi observado nas estacas colocadas em areia. As estacas obtidas de diferentes partes da planta não se diferenciaram quanto à porcentagem de enraizamento e quanto ao número de brotos formados. Já os substratos que proporcionaram o maior número de brotações foram a areia e a terra. Algumas estacas apresentaram formação de flores, ocorrendo com maior freqüência nas estacas apicais, sem efeito dos substratos. A areia foi o substrato que proporcionou os melhores resultados quanto à qualidade das raízes e porcentagem de enraizamento. O substrato terra foi superior apenas para o número de brotos por estaca, porém não diferenciou estatisticamente da areia. Mudas formadas de estaca da parte basal da planta se mostraram com qualidade superior.The Hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) is a semi-ligneous shrub measuring 1.0m to 2.5m in height with decorative foliage and flat-topped or rounded clusters of white, pink, or blue flowers widely used as vase or pot flower as well as landscaping plant. The objective of this research work was to study the rooting of stem cuttings obtained from three different parts of the plant: apical, median and basal portions of the stems, in three different types of substrate: soil, sand and vermiculite, for production of new cuttings. The stems were cut from the mother plants and subdivided into apical, median and basal segments, which were then placed for rooting in styrofoam trays containing the three different substrates soil, sand, and vermiculite and arranged inside a growth chamber containing nebulization. The cuttings that presented the best root quality were the ones originated from the basal portion of the stem and sand was the substrate that provided best rooting. The cuttings obtained from the different parts of the plant did not differ as far as percent of rooting and number of sprouts formed are concerned. On the other hand, the substrates that provided highest number of sprouts were sand and soil. Some cuttings presented flower formation, with higher frequency on the cuttings from the apical segment, with no effect from substrate. Sand was the substrate that provided the best results concerning quality of roots and rooting percentage. The soil substrate was superior only for the number of sprouts per cutting although it was not statistically different from the substrate sand. Transplants originated from cuttings of the basal portion of the stem were qualitatively superior.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de diferentes substratos para a produção de mudas das goiabeiras 'Paluma' e 'Século XXI'. Estacas herbáceas enraizadas de ambas as cultivares foram plantadas em sacos plásticos pretos perfurados de 3L, contendo como substratos: solo puro (Latossolo), mistura de solo+areia+matéria orgânica (esterco de curral) (2:1:1), Plantmax® e fibra de coco Sococo®. A partir dos 45 dias do transplantio, foi avaliado o comprimento da parte aérea quinzenalmente e, após 180 dias, foram avaliadas: as massas seca e fresca da parte aérea; as massas seca e fresca do sistema radicial; o número de raízes por planta, e o comprimento de raízes. Concluiu-se que os melhores substratos para a produção de mudas de goiabeiras 'Paluma' e 'Século XXI' são a mistura de solo+areia+matéria orgânica (esterco de curral) (2:1:1) e o Plantmax®.The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of 'Paluma' and 'Século XXI' guava nursery plants on four types of substrates. Herbaceous rooted cuttings from both cultivars were planted in black plastic bags of 3L containing as substrates: pure soil (Latossolo), mixture of soil + sand + organic matter (corral manure) (2:1:1), Plantmax® and coconut fiber Sococo®. After 45 days of the transplantation, the length of the aerial part was evaluated each fifteen days, and after 180 days were evaluated: the fresh and dry mass of aerial part, the fresh and dry mass of the roots, the number of roots per plant, and the root length. The results showed that the better development of rooting system and stems occurred on the mixture of soil + sand + organic matter and Plantmax® substrates.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do tamanho da estaca e a aplicação de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) no enraizamento de Pitaya 'vermelha'. Estacas de Pitaya 'vermelha' foram coletadas de plantas matrizes e padronizadas com 15,0 e 25,0 cm de comprimento, sendo que metade da quantidade das estacas foi imersa em solução de 3000 mg L-1 de AIB por vinte segundos (imersão rápida) e a outra metade não. Posteriormente, as estacas foram colocadas em canteiro contendo mistura de terra + esterco de curral (3:1 v/v) como substrato. Após 60 dias, foram avaliados as porcentagens de estacas enraizadas e de estacas vivas, e o número de raízes emitidas por estaca. Como conclusão observou-se que o AIB aumentou a porcentagem de estacas enraizadas e promoveu a melhoria da qualidade do sistema radicular das estacas de pitaya vermelha. As estacas de 25,0 cm de comprimento foram mais promissoras para a produção de mudas.This work was carried with the objective to evaluate the cutting length and application of IBA in rooting of red pitaya cutting. The pitaya cutting were collected of stock plant and standardized with 15.0 and 25.0 cm of length and half of the amount of the cuttings received treatment with 3000 mg L-1 of IBA for twenty seconds. Later the cuttings were placed in stonemason containing a soil mixture + corral manure (3:1 v/v) as substrate. After 60 days, the rooting and survival percentage and number of roots emitted by cutting were evaluated. As conclusion, were observed that IBA increased the rooting percentage and promoted the improvement of the quality of roots of red pitaya cuttings.

Erythrina falcata Benth. tem sido usada na recuperação de ecossistemas degradados, como planta ornamental e em sistemas agroflorestais. Entretanto, a produção de mudas por sementes é difícil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a propagação vegetativa de E. falcata utilizando estacas caulinares provenientes de árvores adultas (estacas herbáceas, semilenhosas e de rebrota) e mudas, coletadas em quatro épocas do ano e o efeito do ácido indolbutírico (AIB) no enraizamento de estacas dessa espécie. Depois de preparadas, as estacas foram imersas em ácido indolbutírico (AIB, 0, 1,5 e 3 g L-1). O material se desenvolveu em tubetes de plástico (55 mL), em casa de vegetação climatizada, a uma temperatura de 25 a 30ºC e umidade relativa do ar acima de 80%, em substrato de vermiculita granulometria média. Maior porcentagem de enraizamento (73%), comprimento das quatro maiores raízes (46 mm) e número de raízes (6,2) foram obtidos em estacas de mudas coletadas no verão. Não houve enraizamento em estacas semilenhosas, provenientes de árvores adultas. A imersão das estacas em AIB não exerceu qualquer influência no enraizamento. As estacas de mudas coletadas no verão são as de melhor propagação vegetativa em virtude de melhor porcentagem de enraizamento e sobrevivência.Erythrina falcata Benth. may be used as an ornamental plant, in rehabilitation of degraded land and as a component in agroforestry systems. However seedling production from seeds is difficult. The aim of this work was to evaluate vegetative propagation of E. falcata by using stem cuttings obtained from adult trees (softwood cuttings, hardwood cuttings and regrowth cuttings) and cuttings from seedlings collected in the four seasons of the year as well as the effect of indolebutyric acid on rooting of stem cuttings. After cutting preparation, the material was treated with an indolebutyric acid solution (IBA, 0, 1.5 and 3 g L-1). Cuttings were grown in 55-mL tapered plastic containers in a greenhouse at 25 to 30ºC and relative humidity above 80%. The substrate for growing of cuttings was middle texture vermiculite. The highest percentage of rooted cuttings (73%) and root length of four longest roots (46 mm) and root number (6.2) were obtained in seedling cuttings collected in the summer. No rooting was observed in cuttings collected from softwood cuttings raised from adult trees. Cutting immersion in IBA solutions had no effect on rooting. Cuttings from seedlings collected in the summer are recommended because of their high percentage of rooting and survival.

Testaram-se diferentes proporções vermiculita (V) e casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC) para a composição de substratos, na propagação de maracujazeiro (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.) por estaquia. As estacas apresentavam duas folhas e suas bases foram submersas por 10 segundos em uma solução hidroalcoólica de AIB (1000mg.L-1) no momento da instalação do experimento. O experimento transcorreu em casa de vegetação com microaspersão intermitente e obedeceu ao delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com 5 tratamentos, que compreenderam as seguintes proporções em volume (100% V ; 75% V: 25% CAC; 50% V: 50% CAC; 25% V: 75% CAC e 100% CAC). Utilizaram-se 4 repetições e 15 estacas por parcela. No substrato, foram avaliadas as seguintes características: teor total de sais solúveis, pH em água, densidade úmida, densidade seca e curva de retenção de água. Nas estacas, avaliaram-se: a porcentagem de estacas vivas, o número de raízes, de brotos e de folhas remanescentes por estaca, o comprimento e a matéria seca das raízes e dos brotos. A melhor resposta de enraizamento foi obtida pelo substrato formado pelas misturas dos dois componentes, nas proporções de 50% V: 50% CAC e 25% V: 75% CAC.The present experiment tested different vermiculite (V) proportions and carbonized rice husks (CRH) over passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.) cutting propagation. The cuttings had two leaves treated with 1000 mg.L-1 of indolebutyric acid for 10 seconds. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions with an intermittent micro spraying system. The experimental design was randomized in blocks with 5 different treatments (100% V ; 75% V: 25% CRH; 50% V: 50% CRH; 25% V: 75% CRH; e 100% CRH), 4 replicas and 15 cuttings per experimental unit. Salinity, pH, bulk density, and moisture release curve of growing average were evaluated. In addition, cuttings were evaluated on survival; roots number, branches and leaves; roots length and dry matter and branches. The obtained data indicate that 50% V: 50% CRH and 25% V: 75% CRH produced the best results for passion fruit cutting propagation.

A capacidade rizogênica, a brotação e o vigor de estacas caulinares de aceroleira foram avaliados em condições de casa de vegetação na Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, em Fortaleza-CE, no período de novembro de 2000 a janeiro de 2001, objetivando determinar a parte do ramo e o tamanho mais apropriado para estaquia. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, no esquema fatorial 3x3, correspondendo a três posições no ramo (apical, mediano e basal) e três comprimentos de estacas (10; 15 e 20 cm), com três repetições de 10 estacas por parcela. As estacas, colhidas de plantas com 2,5 anos de idade, foram plantadas em tubetes de 288cm³ contendo uma mistura de casca de arroz carbonizada e vermicomposto, na proporção volumétrica de 2:3, e cultivadas por um período de 60 dias sob condições de nebulização intermitente. Avaliaram-se a percentagem de estacas enraizadas, o peso da matéria seca do sistema radicular e parte aérea, o número de folhas, de gemas sem brotação e as ramificações emitidas por estaca. Os resultados indicaram que estacas caulinares com 10 centímetros de comprimento e colhidas da porção mediana dos ramos são mais apropriadas para a produção de mudas de aceroleira por estaquia, sob condições de casa de vegetação com nebulização intermitente.The rhizogenic capacitity, sprouting and vigor of cuttings from barbados cherry (Malpighia emarginata D.C) were evaluated in greenhouse conditions at the EMBRAPA - National Center for Research of Tropical Agroindustry, Fortaleza-CE, from November 2000 to January 2001, aiming to identify the best branch part and size for cuttings preparation. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 3x3 factorial scheme, corresponding to three positions on the branch (apical, median and basal) and three length (10, 15 and 20 cm), with three replications composed by 10 cuttings each, and cultured on tubets of 288 cm³, filled wich a misture of organic matter (vermicompost) and carbonized rice husks (3:2 volumetric proportion), and cultivated in a greenhouse with intermittent mist. After 60 days were evaluated the percentage of surviving cuttings, rooted cuttings, roots and aerial part dry matter, number of leaves, not developed meristems, and number of new branches per cutting. Results indicated that vegetative propagation by cuttings of Barbados cherry is a feasible method, by using cuttings with 10 cm length, taken from the middle positions of the branch, and cultured under greenhouse conditions and intermittent mist.

O presente trabalho foi conduzido com objetivo de avaliar diferentes substratos no enraizamento de estacas foliares de violeta-africana (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl). O trabalho foi desenvolvido em casa-de-vegetação, com tela de poliolefina 70%, no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre-ES. Utilizaram-se plantas adultas das cultivares New Mexico (flores lilás); Nancy (flores rosas); Stella (flores azuis) e Mike (flores brancas), que foram aclimatadas; posteriormente, retiraram-se propágulos compostos por uma folha com pecíolo, reduzida a 2/3 do tamanho original, os quais foram esterilizados em solução de hipoclorito de sódio à concentração de 4%, durante três minutos. Foram utilizados cinco substratos: terra+areia+esterco, areia, pó de xaxim, vermiculita e água destilada, colocados em potes plásticos de 200 mL. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de 10 pecíolos cada. Pelos resultados evidenciou-se que a cultivar Nancy apresentou 100% de enraizamento em todos os substratos após 40 dias. A maior porcentagem de enraizamento foi obtida em estacas mantidas na água e o melhor desenvolvimento inicial no substrato de pó de xaxim.The present study was accomplished with the objective of evaluate different substrates on the rooting of african violet (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl). The work was carried out in the greenhouse under a shading net (poliolefinas 70%) in the Agrarian Science Center of Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, in Alegre-ES. Were utilized acclimated plants of african violet (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl), cultivar New Mexico (lilac flowers); Nancy (pink flowers); Stella (blue flowers) e Mike (white flowers). The leaf stalks were reduced to 2/3 of the original size, sterilized with a 4% sodium hypochloride during three minutes. The substrates utilized were soil+sand+manure, sand, fern fiber dust, vermiculite and water in plastic pot (200 mL). The experimental design was carried out in blocks randomized, with four replications of 10 leaf stalks. The results indicated that cultivar Nancy presented 100% of rooting in all substrate after 40 days. The greater percentage of rooting was verificated in water and better initial development in fern fiber dust.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas de oliveira (Olea europaea L.) com diferentes números de nós, foi conduzido no Centro de Investigación y Formación Agraria - CIFA "Alameda del Obispo" de Córdoba - Espanha, experimento sob condições de câmara de nebulização intermitente. As estacas foram tratadas com ácido indolbutítico (AIB) na concentração de 3.000 mg.L-1, antes da instalação do ensaio, submergindo durante cinco segundos as suas bases, aproximadamente 2,5 centímetros, em solução contendo o produto. Utilizaram-se estacas medianas, que foram coletadas de plantas em desenvolvimento vegetativo contínuo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em fatorial 2 x 5, sendo respectivamente duas variedades, Picual e Arbequina, e cinco tamanhos de estacas: dois nós com duas folhas, três nós com duas folhas, três nós com quatro folhas, quatro nós com quatro folhas e cinco nós com quatro folhas. Utilizaram-se quatro repetições com parcelas experimentais constituídas por trinta estacas plantadas em substrato de perlita, em mesas suspensas, com aquecimento controlado. Avaliaram-se aos 75 dias porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, mortas e número e comprimento médio de raízes. Observou-se que, entre estacas de quatro nós e cinco nós, com quatro folhas, não houve diferença nos parâmetros considerados; estacas com três nós, com duas e quatro folhas também não diferenciaram. Estacas com dois nós e duas folhas, de ambas as variedades, apresentaram maior mortalidade.With the objective of assessing the rooting efficiency of semi-woody cuttings of olive tree (Olea europaea L.), with different nodes, an experiment under intermittent misty room conditions and with the use of IBA at the concentration of 3000 mg L-1 was run at the Centro de Investigación y Formación Agraria 'Alameda del Obispo' in Cordoba, Spain. The cuttings were treated before the establishment of the trial, soaking their bases, about 2.5 cm, for five minutes in a solution containing the product. Median cuttings, which were collected from plants in continuous vegetative development, were utilized. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 2 x 5 factorial. Two cultivars 'Picual' and 'Arbequina', and five sizes of cuttings: two nodes with two leaves, three nodes with two leaves, three nodes with four leaves, four nodes with four leaves, and five nodes with four leaves were used. Four replicates were utilized, with experimental plots made up of thirty cuttings planted in perlite substrate, on raised tables, with controlled heating. After seventy five days, percentage of roots, dead cuttings, and number and average length of roots were evaluated. It was found that between cuttings of four and five nodes, with four leaves, there were no differences in the considered parameters. Cuttings with three nodes, with two and four leaves also did not distinguish. Cuttings with two nodes and two leaves from both varieties presented greater mortality.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas de oliveira (Olea europaea L.), sob efeito de diferentes épocas, substratos e concentrações de ácido indolbutírico (AIB), foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental da EPAMIG em Maria da Fé, MG, dois experimentos, sob condições de casa-de-vegetação rústica. As estacas foram coletadas da cultivar Ascolano 315, e os experimentos instalados nos meses de fevereiro de 2000 (09/02) e abril de 2000 (27/04). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, compreendendo, respectivamente, quatro substratos: areia, vermiculita, areia/terra 1/1(v/v) e terra, e quatro concentrações: 0, 1.000, 3.000 e 5.000 mg.L-1 de AIB, com quatro repetições. Pelos resultados, observa-se que é possível o enraizamento de estacas dessa espécie em instalações rústicas, obtendo-se 48,44% de enraizamento no substrato areia/terra 1:1(v/v) e 44,28% quando utilizou-se o tratamento com AIB na concentração de 3.000 mg.L-1 de estacas coletadas em fevereiro 2000.Aiming to evaluate the rooting of semi-woody cuttings of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) under effect of combinations of different times, substrates, and concentrations of indol-3-butiric acid (IBA), two experiments, under greenhouse conditions, were carried out on the EPAMIG experimental farm at Maria da Fé, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The cuttings were collected from the cultivar 'Ascolano 315', on the same day of the experiment installation, March 2nd, 2000 and April 27th, 2000. The experimental design used in the two experiments was randomized blocks in 4 × 4 factorial scheme with four substrates (sand, vermiculite, sand/earth 1/1, and earth) and four concentrations of IBA (0, 1000, 3000, and 5000 mg L-1), with four replicates. The results indicate rooting of this species is possible in rustic facilities, obtaining 48% of rooting for the substrate sand/earth 1:1 (v/v, and 44% when treated with IBA at the concentration of 3000 mg L-1, for cuttings collected on February 9th, 2000.

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O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação do zinco (Zn), boro (B) e ácido indolbutírico (AIB) no enraizamento de estacas de Platanus acerifolia Ait. Os tratamentos consistiram do condicionamento das estacas, coletadas em quatro épocas ao longo do ano e representando diferentes tipos fisiológicos, com: sulfato e cloreto de zinco (0, 2,5, 5, 10, 20 e 40mg l-1 Zn), ácido bórico (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 e 250mg l-1 H3BO3) e ácido indolbutírico (0, 20 e 40mg l-1 AIB), através de solução aquosa, pela imersão de 3cm da base da estaca, com duas lesões laterais de 2cm, por 24 horas. A estaquia foi feita em vasos contendo como substrato uma mistura de areia média e casca de arroz carbonizada (1:1, v/v), ambas lavadas. O experimento foi conduzido por 110 dias em casa de vegetação com aspersão intermitente. No encerramento do experimento, avaliaram-se os seguintes parâmetros: comprimento e número de raízes primárias por estaca, máteria seca de raízes por estaca e percentagem de enraizamento. A aplicação isolada de Zn e B não influencia o enraizamento das estacas. O condicionamento de estacas de ramos "do ano" basais finas com AIB afeta, negativamente, o percentual de enraizamento e, positivamente, o número de raízes por estaca.The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of zinc (Zn), boron (B), and indolbutiric acid (IBA) on rooting of Platanus acerifolia Ait. cuttings. The treatments of the cuttings, which were collected at four different times during the year and representing four physiological types of cuttings, were: zinc sulphate and chloride (0, 2,5, 5, 10, 20, and 40mg l-1 Zn), boric acid (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250mg l-1 H3BO3), and indolbutiric acid (0, 20, and 40mg l-1 IBA). The treatments with B, Zn and IBA were done through submersion of 3cm of the cutting basis, during 24 hours, in an aqueous solution. The cuttings were rooted in pots containing as substrate a mixture of medium sand + carbonised rice husk, 1:1 v/v, both washed. The experiment was conducted during 110 days under intermittent artificial mist conditions. The evaluated parameters were: length and number of primary adventitious roots, dry weight of adventitious roots, and percentage of rooting. The results show that Zn and B have no influence on the rooting, and the addition of IBA on thin basal semi-herbaceous cuttings reduces the percentage of rooting and increase the number of roots.

A fáfia (Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen) é uma espécie que vem sendo utilizada na medicina popular contra várias enfermidades, tais como inflamações e reumatismo, bem como para combater fadiga e estresse. Por isso, os recursos naturais dessa espécie têm sido consideravelmente explorados e informações sobre métodos para sua propagação são necessárias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade da propagação vegetativa via estaquia, a influência da posição da estaca no ramo e do substrato no processo de enraizamento de estacas de fáfia. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma combinação bifatorial (4 x 2), representados por quatro posições das estacas no ramo (basal, mediana-basal, mediana-apical e apical) e dois substratos (areia média + casca de arroz carbonizada e solo + casca de arroz carbonizada, 1:1 v/v). As estacas, de 15 a 20cm de comprimento, foram obtidas a partir de cortes sucessivos da base do ramo para o ápice. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente cazualisado com cinco repetições, sendo a parcela experimental constituída de 20 estacas. O experimento foi instalado em 17 de Julho de 1997 e teve duração de 90 dias, sob condição de temperatura ambiente. Os resultados indicaram que: a estaquia é um método adequado para a propagação da fáfia, estacas obtidas das porções medianas e basal dos ramos apresentam maior capacidade de enraizamento que as apicais e a combinação de solo + casca de arroz carbonizada é um substrato viável para a estaquia e para o posterior desenvolvimento das mudas a campo.Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen is a medicinal herb that has been used in the Brazilian folk medicine against several illnesses, such as inflammations and reumatism. It has also been playing the role of a ginseng-like tonic herb, helping to fight fatigue and combat stress. Therefore, wild resources have been exploited considerably and informations about suitable methods for its propagation are needed. The aim of this work was to evaluate the suitability of vegetative propagation via cuttings, the shoot cutting position effect, and the substrate on rooting process of Pfaffia cuttings. The treatments followed a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, involving four positions of cuttings in the shoot (basal, middle-basal, middle-apical, and apical) and two substrates (sand + carbonized rice husk and soil + carbonized rice husk, 1:1 v/v). The cuttings, ranged from 15 to 20cm length, were obtained by sucessive cuts of the shoot from the base to the tip. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replications, and 20 cuttings per experimental unity. The experiment was installed on July 17th,1997 and last for 90 days under ambient temperature. The results allowed to indicate that vegetative propagation via cuttings is a feasible method, cuttings taken from the shoot basis and the shoot middle positions show the best physiological features to rooting, and the combination of soil + carbonized rice husk is a suitable substrate for rooting and for the growth of the plantlet in the field.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia para a propagação vegetativa do porta-enxerto de videira '43-43'. Estacas lenhosas retiradas em agosto, herbáceas retiradas em janeiro e semilenhosas retiradas em março foram imersas, por 10 segundos, em soluções contendo diferentes doses dos fitorreguladores paclobutrazol (0; 100 e 200 mg.L-1) e ácido indolilbutírico (0; 500 e 1.000 mg.L-1), combinados ou não, totalizando nove tratamentos para cada tipo de estaca. Após 60 dias do plantio das estacas, foram avaliadas as variáveis porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, número de raízes, massa fresca de raízes e porcentagem de estacas com brotações. Estacas lenhosas apresentaram 100% de brotação das gemas, mas não foi constatado enraizamento, independentemente da utilização de reguladores vegetais. Estacas herbáceas que não foram tratadas com reguladores vegetais apresentaram 92,0% de enraizamento e 84,0% de brotação. Para este tipo de estaca, o AIB a 1.000 mg.L-1 aumentou o número de raízes. Estacas semilenhosas apresentaram a maior porcentagem de enraizamento (23,5%) quando se utilizou AIB a 1.000 mg.L-1. Este tratamento também propiciou maior massa e número de raízes; no entanto, estes valores foram inferiores àqueles verificados para estacas herbáceas.This work aimed to develop a methodology of vegetative propagation for the vine rootstock '43-43'. Hardwood cuttings collected in August, softwood cuttings collected in January and semi-hardwood cuttings collected in March were immersed in solutions, by 10 minutes, containing different doses of the plant regulators paclobutrazol (0, 100 and 200 mg.L-1) and indole butyric acid (0, 500 and 1,000 mg.L-1), combined or not, totalizing nine treatments for each kind of cutting. Sixty days after planting the cuttings, the following variables were evaluated: percentage of rooted cuttings, number of roots, fresh weight of roots and percentage of sprouted cuttings. The hardwood cuttings presented 100% of sprouted cuttings, but it was not verified rooting, independent of the utilization of plant regulators. The softwood cuttings that were not treated with plant regulators showed 92% of rooting and 84% of sprouting. For this king of cutting the IBA at 1,000 mg.L-1 increased the number of roots. The semi-hardwood cuttings had the highest percentage of rooting (23.5%) when they were treated with IBA at 1,000 mg.L-1. This treatment also propitiated the maximum fresh weight and number of roots, nevertheless, these values were inferior to those verified for softwood cuttings.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de concentrações de ácido indolbutírico e do fertilizante orgânico HFF turfa fértil® no enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas do pessegueiro 'Capdeboscq'. Estacas foram tratadas com AIB em concentrações de 500; 1.000; 2.000 e 4.000 mg.L-1 e água destilada como testemunha (0 mg.L-1). Posteriormente, as estacas foram acondicionadas em bandejas de poliestireno expandido com 72 células, contendo como substrato vermiculita, e colocadas em câmara de nebulização intermitente. Aos 30 dias após o início do experimento, foi colocado o fertilizante orgânico HFF turfa fértil® em concentrações de 0 mL.L-1, 3 mL.L-1 e 5 mL.L-1 nas células onde estavam contidas as estacas. Após 86 dias do início do experimento, foram avaliados a porcentagem de estacas enraizadas e o número médio de raízes por estaca. A aplicação de HFF turfa fértil® em associação ao ácido indolbutírico promoveu maior enraizamento em relação aos tratamentos sem o uso do fertilizante orgânico. A maior porcentagem de estacas de pessegueiro enraizadas foi obtida com a combinação de 2.000 mg.L-1 de AIB e 5 mL.L-1 de HFF turfa fértil®.This work aim to appraise the effect of indolbutyric acid (IBA) and HFF turfa fértil® organic fertilizer concentrations on rooting of semi-hardwood cuttings of peach 'Capdebosq'. The cuttings were treated by IBA at 500; 1,000; 2,000 and 4,000 mg.L-1 and destilled water (0 mg.L-1) as witness. Later on the cuttings were planted in expanded polyestirene trays with 72 cells using vermiculite as substrate and placed inside intermitent mist chamber. At 30 days after the beginning of the experiment was places the HFF turfa fértil® organic fertilizer at concentrations of 0, 3 and 5 mL.L-1 on the tray cells. At 86 days were evaluated the rooted cuttings percentage and the average number of roots per cuttings. The use of HFF turfa fértil® in association with IAB promoted higher rooting in relation of treatments without the organic fertilizer. The higher percentage of peach rooted cuttings were obtained with a combination of 2,000 mg.L-1 of AIB and 5 mL.L-1 of HFF turfa fértil®.

O trabalho foi realizado em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, com o objetivo de verificar o efeito de diversos substratos no enraizamento de estacas de ameixeira em diferentes épocas de coleta dos ramos. Foram utilizadas estacas medianas da cultivar Frontier, com comprimento de 15cm e um par de folhas, coletadas nos meses de novembro de 1993, janeiro e março de 1994, obtidas em um pomar comercial com 8 anos de idade. Todas as estacas utilizadas foram tratadas com ácido indolbutirico na concentração de 3000ppm, introduziu-se em torno delem da base das estacas em ácido indolbutirico, na forma de pó e colocou-se em tubetes, acondicionados em bandejas de isopor, contendo diferentes substratos: areia média lavada; vermiculila de grânulos médios; cinza de casca de arroz e serragem de eucalipto, utilizados isolados e em misturas (1: 1v/v). O período de permanência das estacas na casa de vegetação foi de 60 dias. Observou-se maiores índices de enraizamento na coleta dos ramos realizadas em janeiro e março, e que o substrato areia + serragem proporcionou os maiores percentuais de estacas enraizadas com 68,22% e 65,99% nos meses de janeiro e março.This work was carried out in a greenhouse with intermittent mist out at the plant Science Department, Eliseu Maciel Agronomy College of Federal University of Pelotas (Brazil), aiming to evaluate the effect of different substratos and time of cutting on rooting of pium cuttings. Mild cuttings with 15cm length andapair of ieaves of Frontier cultivar were coilected from a commercial orchard eight years old in November 1993, January and March 1994. All cuttings were treated with indolbutiric acid (IBA) at 3000ppm concentration introducing about 1.0cm of their basal end in IBA powder and placed in tubes on isopor trays containing different substratos: washed mild sand: vermiculite of medium grains; rice husk ash and saw dust, utilized as isolated or as mixtures (1:1 v/v). Cuttings were kept on substratos for 60 days. The results demonstrated that the higher rooted cuttings percentage were obtained for cuttings collected in January and in March. The mixture of sand and saw dust gave the higher number of cuttings rooting with 68.22% and 65.99% for January and March.