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Pregnant women considered at risk for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the virus can cause some pregnancy complications such as miscarriages, intrauterine growth restrictions and even lead to a premature birth. The objective of this study was to characterize the newborns of mothers with a hypothesis or confirmed case of COVID 19 who were admitted to a neonatal isolation unit. The research was carried out through the analysis of the records of neonates, of both genders, admitted to the COVID unit between 2020 and 2021, regardless of their length of stay in the unit and their clinical situation. Most mothers were from Fortaleza, gestational age ranged between 28 and 41 weeks, the presence of neonatal infection was not relevant compared to maternal swab and cesarean delivery was the most practiced. Regarding the possible consequences generated for the newborn due to maternal COVID 19, we can conclude that COVID 19 does not have relevant repercussions for the newborns in the sample, as well as we cannot identify the presence of vertical transmission from mother to baby within the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The mother and baby relationship, their bonds and emotional aspects, have been fertile ground for studies in the field of psychology. Motherhood usually brings to women both physical and emotional changes, awakened during pregnancy. However, the interruption of pregnancy due to a premature birth can be accompanied by adverse feelings, when faced with the fragility of the baby, since prematurity can endanger the life of the preterm. The present study aimed to understand the maternal experience of having an extremely premature baby hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). A qualitative, exploratory and transversal design was chosen. The research participants were four mothers of extremely premature babies admitted to a NICU of a hospital in the city of Porto Alegre, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The instrument used in this research was a semi-structured interview, guided by a pre-established script containing sociodemographic questions and questions about maternal experiences that aimed to respond to the objectives of this study. For the data analysis, the interviews were transcribed and the data collected were worked from the content analysis, in the thematic modality. This study confirmed that, in the face of extreme prematurity, mothers experience a mix of emotions, such as anguish, guilt, despair, the main one being the fear of losing their babies. It was found that the incubator is considered by the mothers of this study as a great ally for the survival and development of their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the profile of infants attended at a physical therapy outpatient clinic for discharged patients from the neonatal intensive care unit of Santa Casa de Uruguaiana (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). This is a quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional study. The following variables were included: sex, date of birth, gestational age, birth weight, type of delivery, neonatal complications, as well as age and clinical history of the mother. The Alberta Infant Motor Scale was used to assess motor performance. The sample consisted of 49 infants (67.3% males) discharged from the NICU. Univariate analysis indicated a higher risk of atypical motor development among boys (PR: 1.15, p = 0.33). The infants in our sample had more than one risk factor associated with motor development, and the greater the cumulative effect of the risks, the higher the chances of having unfavorable outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This observational study describes the short- and long-term effects of maternal factors in 226 Holstein heifers and their offspring. We obtained maternal data and information from the dairy register. Young heifers were assessed in the window of 60 to 105 days of life to perform the Calf Health Scoring System and performance index, and blood samples to measure inflammatory biomarkers. Prospective data on reproduction were obtained from dairy farm registers. The eutocic weight was higher than the dystocic calving heifers. Plasma total protein and weight were higher in the offspring of multiparous dams than in those of primiparous dams. Calves that were born lighter and in summer had lower concentrations of total protein and performance indices. The punctuation of the fecal score was higher in calves born in summer and cold months for BRD. Offspring from multiparous dams born at term exhibited greater precocity in terms of age at first artificial insemination and first parturition. Finally, seasonality at birth affected pregnancy loss and age at first calving. Heifers born in winter had lower rates of pregnancy loss than those born in summer. In addition, these animals were more precocious than animals born during the cold seasons.

Introduction: Unfavorable neonatal outcomes in newborns have been associated with excessive medicalization in prenatal care, delivery and birth. Objective: to analyze unfavorable neonatal outcomes in live births in a Brazilian municipality. Methods: cohort study, carried out in public and private maternity hospitals. The sample consisted of live births. The occurrence of prematurity, low birth weight, neonatal resuscitation, use of oxygen, mechanical ventilation, use of antibiotics, admission to the Intensive Care Unit and death were included as unfavorable outcomes. Explanatory models were extracted using logistic regression. Results: 1088 newborns were evaluated, of which 32.7% had some unfavorable neonatal outcome, the most frequent being: resuscitation maneuvers, use of oxygen and prematurity. In the unfavorable neonatal outcome model, it was a risk factor, presenting clinical intercurrence during pregnancy, and protective factors, like having a health plan and prenatal card. In the model for neonatal death, the variables that expressed a significant association were gestational age, Apgar score below 7 at the 5th minute and location of prenatal care. Conclusion: the high occurrence of unfavorable neonatal outcomes is a challenge to be overcome and its prevention involves actions in the process of pregnancy and childbirth.

Seven point five per cent of births in Portugal in 2021 were premature live births (INE, 2023). According to the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology, being born prematurely (23-31 weeks) may increase five times the risk of being hospitalised for epilepsy in adulthood when compared to those who were born full-term (Crump et al., 2011). The present analysis aimed to determine research hotspots and prospective directions of the relation between prematurity and epilepsy research. Research about epilepsy related to prematurity was done in Web of Science (WoS) and PubMed database, considering the data between the first of January 2013 and the twentieth of June 2023. The descriptors used were: “(epilepsy OR convulsion OR seizure OR epileptic) AND (prematurity) AND (childhood OR children OR child OR infancy OR pediatric OR kids)”. The data extracted from Software R(V.4.3.0) in R format was analysed in the Bibliometrix program (http://www.bibliometrix.org (accessed 20/06/2023)), and the outcome was organised by sources, authors, affiliations, countries, keywords and the evolution of the research along time. One thousand and eighty-two articles were considered for analysis. Research growth since 2015, especially in 2022, was noticeable. USA, Israel and Australia are the countries with the largest number of publications, which was correlated with the affiliations with more research on the area (Tel Aviv University, Baylor College of Medicine and the University of Melbourne, from highest to lowest) and with the principal used keywords (humans, female, male and “infant, newborn”). The most relevant journal was Pediatric Neurology, and the most cited one was Pediatrics. Thomas Michael O’Shea (17 documents) and Francesco Pisani (16 documents) were the ones with the highest number of publications, and the most relevant affiliation was Columbia University Irving Medical Center (99 articles). The trend topics indicate microencephaly/genetics and “infant, newborn, diseases” as the most recently used. The country with the most citations was the USA (100 citations), and the one with the most collaborations. Portugal's collaborations mainly involved European countries but also with the USA, Egypt, Iran, and Israel. The USA is the country that publishes the most. Despite the large initial number, the most cited and relevant articles focus on a much smaller number. The most studied topics are currently microencephaly, genetics, infant, newborn and diseases. It would be important that future research focus on the relevance of these topics related to the incidence of cases in the population of the most influential countries.

Abstract Objective To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes of women with singleton pregnancies, after spontaneous conception, and with the diagnosis of amniotic sludge before 37 weeks of gestational age. Data Sources We conducted a search on the PubMed, Cochrane, Bireme, and Theses databases until June 2022. Selection of Studies Using the keywords intra-amniotic sludge or fluid sludge or echogenic particles, we found 263 articles, 132 of which were duplicates, and 70 were discarded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Data Collection The articles retrieved were analyzed by 2 reviewers; 61 were selected for full-text analysis, 18 were included for a qualitative analysis, and 14, for a quantitative analysis. Data Synthesis Among the maternal outcomes analyzed, there was an increased risk of preterm labor (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.45–2.03), premature rupture of ovular membranes (95%CI: 1.99–3.79), and clinical (95%CI: 1.41–6.19) and histological chorioamnionitis (95%CI: 1.75–3.12). Regarding the fetal outcomes, there was a significant increase in the risk of morbidity (95%CI: 1.80–3.17), mortality (95%CI: 1.14–18.57), admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU; 95%CI: 1.17–1.95), and neonatal sepsis (95%CI: 2.29–7.55). Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that the presence of amniotic sludge is a risk marker for preterm delivery. Despite the heterogeneity of the studies analyzed, even in patients with other risk factors for prematurity, such as short cervix and previous preterm delivery, the presence of amniotic sludge increases the risk of premature labor. Moreover, antibiotic therapy seems to be a treatment for amniotic sludge, and it may prolong pregnancy.

Abstract This comprehensive review compares clinical protocols of important entities regarding the management of fetal growth restriction (FGR), published since 2015. Five protocols were chosen for data extraction. There were no relevant differences regarding the diagnosis and classification of FGR between the protocols. In general, all protocols suggest that the assessment of fetal vitality must be performed in a multimodally, associating biophysical parameters (such as cardiotocography and fetal biophysical profile) with the Doppler velocimetry parameters of the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, and ductus venosus. All protocols reinforce that the more severe the fetal condition, the more frequent this assessment should be made. The timely gestational age and mode of delivery to terminate the pregnancy in these cases can vary much between the protocols. Therefore, this paper presents, in a didactic way, the particularities of different protocols for monitoring FGR, in order to help obstetricians to better manage the cases.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze spatial distribution of preterm births and their association with maternal, social, and health services indicators in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, 2010-2019. Methods: Ecological study using data on preterm newborns from 39 municipalities in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Univariate global Moran’s index (Im) was used to evaluate spatial association of prematurity, and univariate local Moran’s index by using the cluster map (LISA) to identify spatial patterns and clusters. Bivariate global Moran’s index was also used to analyze spatial autocorrelation with maternal, social, and health services indicators. Results: A total of 3,103,898 live births were registered in period 2010-2019, of which 331,174 (10.7%) were preterm. The global Moran’s index showed spatial independence (Im=0.05; p-value=0.233) of the proportion of preterm births between municipalities. However, in the local spatial analysis it was possible to identify a statistically significant spatial cluster between the municipalities of Biritiba Mirim, Guararema and Salesópolis, with high proportions of preterm births. In the bivariate analysis, a significant positive spatial association was identified with proportions of mothers under 20 years old (Im=0.17; p-value=0.024) and mothers with low schooling (Im=0.17; p-value=0.020), and a significant negative spatial association with HDI (Im=-0.14; p-value=0.039). Conclusions: The local spatial approach identified a spatial cluster located in the far east of the metropolitan region of São Paulo, where actions by health managers are needed to minimize occurrence of preterm births.

This study aimed to identify, analyze and describe how suggestions for future studies of articles that investigated parental stress for this, an Integrative Literature Review (RIL) was used in the CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Medline, PsycInfo and Web of Science. The database of the present review consists of 41 studies that were organized considering two major dimensions: general characteristics and suggestions for future research. Note that the largest number of publications were carried out on the European continent and between the years 2014 and 2019. Suggestions for future research were categorized into: methodological suggestions and suggestions on other variables to investigate. It is observed that, according to the most necessary composition, they were in relation to the size and sample and the performance of studies involving the intervention. Like all other planning projects, they can look to other groups of parents in planning, but they also have possibilities for general actions that aim to promote the stress experienced by this population. This RIL can contribute to new research on parents of designed studies, as it can be carried out from the new suggestions that can contribute to the form of designed studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the impact of the Koala project (Actively Controlling Target Oxygen) on clinical outcomes in patients born with less than 36 weeks of gestation, in two maternity hospitals, comparing before and after the strategy implementation. Methods: This is an intervention study with 100 preterm infants with gestational age ≤36 weeks, who used oxygen in two maternity hospitals between January 2020 and August 2021. One of the hospitals was a private institution and the other was philanthropic. The goal for the target oxygen saturation with this project was 91–95%. Comparisons between the two stages (before and after the implementation of the project) were made evaluating the outcomes of retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and deaths. The continuous variables were described using mean, median, standard deviation and interquartile interval. The significance level adopted was 5% and the software used was R Core Team 2021 (version 4.1.0). Results: After oxygen control use according to the Koala protocol, there was a significant reduction in the cases of retinopathy of prematurity (p

The present study investigated the motherhood experience of mothers of extremely preterm infants during their hospitalizations in the NICU. In particular, we sought to investigate the maternal feelings related to this context. Participants included 18 mothers whose babies were between 25 and 28 gestational weeks and weighed between 625g and 1000g. Mothers were interviewed 15 days after delivery and the responses were examined using qualitative content analysis. Three axes were developed, derived from the interviews: feelings about the NICU; feelings about the baby's manifestations; and feelings about motherhood. The findings revealed the complexity of maternal feelings in the context of the NICU. However, the mothers' narcissistic investment in their babies, which led them to communicate with them using small gestures and sensory expressions, stood out in the maternal verbalizations, which simultaneously made it possible to build a symbolic place for the infant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low birth weight (LBW) is defined by a weight lower than 2,500 grams in newborns. It is associated with prematurity and/or restriction of intrauterine growth, being a determining factor for neonatal complications. Thus, the present research evaluated the obstetric and neonatal profile of newborns with low birth weight and their parents attended at the Maternity Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Sobral (SCMS). The research was carried out through a documentary, retrospective, quantitative and descriptive study, conducted in a reference public maternity in the North of the state of Ceará. The research was approved by the ethics committee of the State University of Vale do Acaraú. From this, 1,101 declarations of live births registered in 2015 were evaluated. Of this total, 300 medical records (n=300) of newborns with LBW were included, seeking obstetric and neonatal variables such as maternal age, gestational age at birth, number of prenatal visits and Apgar index. After data collection, the information was aswers in tables for further analysis. Through the interpretation of the results, it was evidenced that the northern region of Ceará has a high rate of newborns with LBW, and may be associated with prematurity, teenage pregnancy and lower than recommended number of prenatal consultations. As a complication, they present low Apgar indices. Therefore, it is necessary government measures of family planning, better prenatal care and greater availability of inums for the prevention and treatment of newborns with LBW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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(Subtle intervention: psychoanalytic follow-up of parents and premature babies) Brazil features a high number of premature births and although the technologies of the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (USINs) increase their survival, losses occur as well. In addition to the urgency of the body, there is also a subjective factor, as the babies are separated from their parents, handled, and subjected to painful procedures, lacking representations. This article describes a psychoanalytic follow-up involving four extremely premature and very premature babies and their parents to favor their psychic constitution from their admission to the USIN to 12 months of age. A qualitative study of multiple cases and a synthesis of crossed cases were performed using Clinical Child Development Risk Indicators (IRDIs). We highlight the emergence of fundamental operations for the constitution of the psyche and the potential of psychoanalytic monitoring in the promotion and prevention of mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complication among preterms, with an incidence inversely proportional to gestational age. It results from an inflammatory process that causes abnormal lung development, with severe consequences. Although therapeutic options are limited and do not substantially strike the course of the disease, they are important tools and need further elucidation. Purpose: Address the most recent aspects of the literature regarding the prevention and treatment of BPD. Methods: A literature review was carried out in the MEDLINE database, in 2021, in which only controlled and randomized clinical studies performed in humans in the last 5 years were included. Studies that were not directly related to the theme were excluded. Results: The incidence of BPD was lower in those cases exposed to inhaled budesonide, intravenous fish oil containing lipid emulsion (FO) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). There was improvement in survival with a low-dose use of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone with gradual dose reduction, and dexamethasone associated with postnatal corticosteroids (which generated reduction in neurodevelopmental impairments as well). Hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, inhaled hydrofluoalkane-beclomethasone dipropynate and FO reduced the time or need for ventilation and oxygen therapy. The main complications were sepsis, retinopathy, intraventricular hemorrhage and necrotizing enterocolitis in studies that addressed DHA, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone and inhaled nitric oxide. Conclusion: The therapeutic approaches that proved to be conclusive were the use of glucocorticoids associated with ventilatory therapy and an early approach. No benefits were found with the use of ventilation with sustained inflation, administration of inhaled hydrofluoralkane-beclomethasone dipropionate and DHA.

Copyright of Minas Gerais Medical Journal / Revista Médica de Minas Gerais is the property of Associacao Medica de Minas Gerais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estilos da Clínica is the property of FEUSP - Faculdade de Educacao da USP - Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estilos da Clínica is the property of FEUSP - Faculdade de Educacao da USP - Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Introduction Deficits in executive functioning, especially in inhibitory control, are present in children born very premature and/or with very low birth weight (VP/VLBW) and in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objective To evaluate whether ADHD imposes additional inhibitory control (IC) deficits in preschoolers born VP/VLBW. Methods 79 VP/VLBW (4 to 7 years) children were assessed for ADHD using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children – Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). IC was measured with Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT 2) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function – Preschool Version (BRIEF-P).Results: No significant differences were found between ADHD (n = 24) and non-ADHD children (n = 55) for any of the measures (p = 0.062 to p = 0.903). Both groups had deficits in most K-CPT 2 scores compared to normative samples, indicating poor IC and inconsistent reaction times. Conclusions ADHD does not aggravate IC deficits in VP/VLBW children. Either neuropsychological tasks and parent reports of executive functions (EFs) may not be sensitive enough to differentiate VP/VLBW preschoolers with and without ADHD, or these children’s EFs are already so impaired that there is not much room for additional impairments imposed by ADHD.

Nowadays, premature birth is an important obstetric problem, being that it is the cause of most cases that result in perinatal morbidity and mortality, causing serious immediate damage and late after effects to newborns. The incidence of prematurity is influenced by many different causes such as biological, ethnic, and behavioral among others. Factors that are associated with the mother have a lot of influence on these events, such as more anatomical abnormalities, infections, and other risks that negatively interfere in the fetal development. Even with intense research and enormous progress in medicine, the lack of knowledge about the mechanisms that cause premature birth remains as one of the most important unresolved obstetric issue. By knowing all these factors, it is possible to intervene early in the gestational period of these women, aiming to reduce the damage that can be caused to them and their babies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the association of sociodemographic, obstetrical and psychosocial factors with fine and gross motor developmental delay in preterm and term infants, in the age group of three months and one day to twelve months and twenty-nine days. Methods The term and preterm infants were evaluated by the Denver II Test for fine and gross motor skills, investigated in three phases: 165 infants in phase 1 (3 months and 1 day to 4 months and 29 days), 130 infants in stage 2 (8 months and 1 day to 9 months and 29 days) and 102 infants in phase 3 (11 months and 1 day to 12 months and 29 days). Sociodemographic, obstetrical and psychosocial data were obtained through an initial interview with family members and the psychic risk assessment through the Child Development Risk Indicators and PREAUT protocols. Statistical analysis was performed using the logistic regression model. Results Significant factors in the association with fine and gross motor delay were: maternal gestational and obstetric history (planned pregnancy, type of delivery, number of prenatal consultations, use of medication and gestational intercurrence), features and biological risks of the baby (gender, mechanical ventilation, feeding difficulty), sociodemographic factors (career and level of maternal schooling, number of children and people in the house) and psychosocial issues concerning to the family routine participation and presence of psychic risk. Conclusion There was a significant association between motor development delay of the infants, environmental and biological variables, with emphasis on psychic risk.

The retinopathy of prematurity is configured as a condition of extreme clinical importance, since it can affect any preterm child and its outcomes can be catastrophic, forever impacting the individual's experience, through the various degrees of visual impairment. Therefore, it is vital that knowledge about the prevention and treatment of this pathology be disseminated, in order to avoid great potential damage. Given that the most widespread treatment, laser surgery, offers many possible burdens to the patient, such as the development of myopia and injury to the vital retina tissues, it is necessary to establish new treatment methods. The most promising of which is pharmacological. It is also a field with many studies necessary for definitive validation, and even for the standardization of the treatment protocol, so that it is possible to offer the greatest degree of benefit, generating the least possible adversity in the patients' physiology. In this sense, promising pharmacological treatments emerge as a less costly, invasive and harmful alternative, since they allow the integrity of the patient's tissues, and possibly generate fewer side effects. Thus, it is vital to study the potential of these drugs, so that the burden of therapy is reduced to a minimum, potentiating their positive effects, and, finally, reducing the cost of public health, due to the significant lower cost of these drugs when compared to laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to map studies on the follow-up of premature infants in psychology. The BVS portal was searched for empirical articles published until December 2017 by the descriptors prematur* AND follow up AND child AND psychology. Considering the criteria adopted, 48 articles were analyzed in the categories: age group of preterm infants in evaluations; objectives of the study; type of assessment performed; and results. It is noteworthy that half performed follow-up between birth and adolescence, most investigated neuropsychological development and found associations between prematurity, cognitive and psychological deficits. Thus, it is understood that studies prioritize the repercussions on the development of functions and skills of premature babies, giving little attention to psychic aspects and child-parentenvironment interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Objective To evaluate the use of tocolysis in cases of preterm birth due to spontaneous preterm labor in a Brazilian sample. Methods A sample of 1,491 women with preterm birth due to spontaneous preterm labor were assessed, considering treatment with tocolysis or expectant management, according to gestational age at birth (< 34 weeks and 34 to 36 þ 6 weeks) and drugs prescribed. The study took place in 20 Brazilian hospitals from April 2011 to July 2012. Bivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate associations with sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics and odds ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated for maternal and neonatal outcomes. Results A total of 1,491 cases of preterm birth were considered. Tocolysis was performed in 342 cases (23%), 233 of which (68.1%) were delivered before 34 weeks. Within the expectant management group, 73% was late preterm and with more advanced labor at the time of admission. The most used drugs were calcium channel blockers (62.3%), followed by betamimetics (33%). Among the subjects in the tocolysis group, there were more neonatal and maternal complications (majority non-severe) and an occurrence of corticosteroid use that was 29 higher than in the expectant management group. Conclusion Tocolysis is favored in cases of earlier labor and also among thosewith less than 34 weeks of gestation, using preferably calcium channel blockers, with success in achieving increased corticosteroid use. Tocolysis, in general, was related to higher maternal and neonatal complication rates, which may be due to the baseline difference between cases at admission. However, these results should raise awareness to tocolysis use.

Abstract Introduction Preeclampsia, a multifactorial disease with pathophysiology not yet fully understood, is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, especially when preterm. The diagnosis is performed when there is an association between arterial hypertension and proteinuria or evidence of severity. There are unanswered questions in the literature considering the timing of delivery once preterm preeclampsia has been diagnosed, given the risk of developingmaternal complications versus the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes associated with prematurity. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the best timing of delivery for women diagnosed with preeclampsia before 37 weeks of gestation. Methods Systematic literature review, performed in the PubMed database, using the terms preeclampsia, parturition and timing of delivery to look for studies conducted between 2014 and 2017. Studies that compared the maternal and perinatal outcomes of women who underwent immediate delivery or delayed delivery, in the absence of evidence of severe preeclampsia, were selected. Results A total of 629 studies were initially retrieved. After reading the titles, 78 were selected, and their abstracts, evaluated; 16 were then evaluated in full and, in the end, 6 studies (2 randomized clinical trials and 4 observational studies) met the inclusion criteria. The results were presented according to gestational age range (< 34 weeks and between 34 and 37 weeks) and by maternal and perinatal outcomes, according to the timing of delivery, considering immediate delivery or expectant management. Before 34 weeks, thematernal outcomeswere similar, but the perinatal outcomes were significantly worse when immediate delivery occurred. Between 34 and 37 weeks, the progression to severe maternal disease was slightly higher among women undergoing expectant management, however, with better perinatal outcomes. Conclusions When there is no evidence of severe preeclampsia or impaired fetal wellbeing, especially before 34 weeks, the pregnancy should be carefully surveilled, and the delivery, postponed, aiming at improving the perinatal outcomes. Between 34 and 37 weeks, the decision on the timing of delivery should be shared with the pregnant woman and her family, after providing information regarding the risks of adverse outcomes associated with preeclampsia and prematurity.

Objective: Premature newborns are considered at risk for motor development deficits, leading to the need for monitoring in early life. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature about gross motor development of preterm infants, assessed by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) to identify the main outcomes in development. Data source: Systematic review of studies published from 2006 to 2015, indexed in Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs, and Medline databases in English and Portuguese. The search strategy included the keywords: Alberta Infant Motor Scale, prematurity, preterm, motor development, postural control, and follow‐up. Data summary: A total of 101 articles were identified and 23 were selected, according to the inclusion criteria. The ages of the children assessed in the studies varied, including the first 6 months up to 15 or 18 months of corrected age. The percentage variation in motor delay was identified in the motor outcome descriptions of ten studies, ranging from 4% to 53%, depending on the age when the infant was assessed. The studies show significant differences in the motor development of preterm and full‐term infants, with a description of lower gross scores in the AIMS results of preterm infants. Conclusions: It is essential that the follow‐up services of at‐risk infants have assessment strategies and monitoring of gross motor development of preterm infants; AIMS is an assessment tool indicated to identify atypical motor development in this population.

Copyright of ConScientiae Saúde is the property of Nove de Julho University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate if there is difficulty in introducing complementary feeding in premature infants. Methods This is an exploratory, cross-sectional study performed in premature infants between six and twenty-four months of gestationally corrected age, using complementary feeding. Thirty-eight infants born prematurely were included. The feeding difficulties presented by the infants were investigated through an objective question followed by the application of a food behavior checklist for the last month. The children's clinical variables were investigated through a medical record review. An interview was conducted with those responsible for the child to identify the sociodemographic aspects and the type of breastfeeding before the corrected six months of age. Results Asked about the general perception, 50% of parents answered that their children did not present feeding difficulties in the last month. However, when a checklist was applied, 73.7% of the parents reported that their children had at least one defensive behavior at mealtime. Refusal to open their mouths (42.1%), food selectivity (28.9%), and feeding refusal (26.3%) were the most frequent defensive behaviors. The food refusal item (44.4%) had a greater association with formula feeding (p = 0.033). Conclusion The present study showed an association between the type of breastfeeding and the difficulties in complementary feeding, especially in premature infants with formula feeding, presenting food refusal during meals. We found the presence of different types of defensive behaviors at mealtime in the majority of premature infants investigated.

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar o nível de concordância estatística entre os Sinais PREAUT e os Indicadores Clínicos de Risco/Referência ao Desenvolvimento Infantil (IRDI) na identificação de risco e analisar a frequência de risco psíquico considerando a variável idade gestacional. Método A amostra total contou com 80 bebês, sendo 55 bebês nascidos a termo e 25 bebês nascidos pré-termo, considerando a idade corrigida. Foram excluídos todos os bebês que apresentaram qualquer espécie de síndrome genética, lesões neurológicas ou déficits sensoriais. O IRDI e os Sinais PREAUT, além de uma entrevista semiestruturada foram utilizados como instrumento de coleta de dados. A análise estatística avaliou o grau de concordância entre os Sinais PREAUT e o IRDI a partir do coeficiente de concordância kappa. Resultados Foi observada uma concordância perfeita na identificação de sujeitos em ambos protocolos aos nove meses, embora essa identificação se dê por sinais fenomênicos distintos. A frequência de risco psíquico em bebês prematuros foi superior (24%) à frequência em bebês nascidos a termo (20%). O risco psíquico foi considerável na amostra estudada aos nove meses (21,25%). Conclusão Houve uma concordância total entre ambos os protocolos na identificação de risco psíquico aos nove meses, cuja frequência foi importante na amostra estudada.

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of children and adolescents on admission in the pediatric intensive care unit in a public referral hospital. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study that evaluated 277 patients aged 0 to 19 years who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit in the first 72 hours of hospitalization in the year 2013. The variables, from medical records, were the anthropometric measurements of weight and height. To investigate the association between nutritional status and other variables, the chi-squared test was used, considering a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Of the 277 patients, 53.4% (n=148) were male and 10.5% were classified as (n=21) malnutrition, 20.1% (n=40) as overweight and 69.34% (n=138) as eutrophic. Malnutrition was more prevalent among children younger than 2 years, while overweight was higher in the age group of 2 to 10 years. In 28.79 % (n=57) of the sample short stature was found, with higher prevalence among children under 2 years (p<0.001) and may be associated with the high number of premature infants in the sample (n=26, p=0.003). Conclusion: In the admission of children and adolescents in pediatric intensive care unit, malnutrition was the least prevalent nutritional status when compared to other studies. The significant number of premature infants may be associated with high prevalence of short stature found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy / Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional is the property of Cadernos de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Results from Reference Clinical Indexes for Children's Development (IRDI) and obstetric, psychosocial and sociodemographic factors are compared and contrasted. Twenty-five pre-term and 55 term children, aged 3 - 9 months old, were analyzed, focusing on the presence or absence of psychic risk. Variables with a relationship to psychic risk were male children, type of feeding during the first six months, exclusive or formulated, mother without any partner that helps in baby care, mother's age between 20 and 35 years old, and the child not sleeping alone in the cot or perambulator after nine months. The above factors were associated with alteration in mother-child relationship, affected IRDI and, consequently, indicating impairments for the psychic constitution and/or other aspects in child development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Saúde is the property of Revista Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scire Salutis is the property of CBPC - Companhia Brasileira de Producao Cientifica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to identify, through the scientific literature, the use of music therapy as a therapeutic strategy for hospitalized premature infants. Methodology: This is an integrative review using full scientific articles indexed in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem OnLine databases published between 2005 and 2015 in Portuguese and English. Results: Among the fourteen articles included in this study, in relation to the research design, ten articles are quantitative, of which nine are randomized clinical trials and one uncontrolled clinical trial, one qualitative and three are reviews of the literature. The main benefits pointed out by music therapy were improvement in the physiological and neurological development of prematurity and reduction of the stress factor. Conclusion: It can be observed that music was used as a strategy to reduce pain and stress in preterm infants having a positive effect. Another relevant finding was related to weight gain, energy expenditure reduction, early sucking and better food acceptance. Considering these results, it is suggested that studies related to music therapy in NICU should be intensified, given the benefits indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]