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Background. The subject of the study is information on the classification and performance characteristics of military ground equipment, which is in the public domain. The object of research is ontological models of knowledge. The purpose of the work is to develop an ontology of military ground equipment. Materials and methods. The design of the ontology was based on a system analysis using the “top to bottom” method. To develop the ontology, the free software Protégé and the ontology description language OWL were used, HermiT was used as an inference machine. Results. An ontology of military ground equipment has been developed. The classes, properties and axioms that define the logic of inferences for ontological engineering of knowledge are described. Conclusions. The presented ontology can be used to solve problems in tactical and strategic planning in military affairs, as well as for educational purposes.

The society of the ancient Turks with a nomadic way of life always required courage, ingenuity, and heroism. The glory of man was determined by how many enemies he had killed. But still, in the ancient Turkic runic inscriptions, the mind is in the first place, and the power is in the second. Tengre gives the kagans reason, and only after that he lets them rule over the Turkic people. This paper, based on a set of sources, addresses the ideas of the Turkic-Tatar ancestors of the Tatar people about wisdom in its various manifestations. These ideas, which formed in ancient times, having preserved their essence, reached later times and played an important role in the traditional culture of the Tatars. The materials of the paper can be useful for a deeper understanding and comprehension of the life and spiritual world of the Turkic-Tatars.

The key task of the current stage of the education system development is the task of transition to new methods of organization and support of the educational process, allowing providing high-quality training of graduates with practical knowledge and skills in demand in the labor market. To solve this task is possible only with the use of innovative methods and tools for the creation of information-educational environment in the formation and processing of learning objects and software services distributed in the educational network and allowing the flexible implementation of the processes of educational and methodological support of educational activities.The aim of the research is to determine the possibilities of using the ontological approach to the construction of innovative automated education management systems, including the construction of individual learning trajectories. In this regard, the problem of modeling and algorithmization of the formation of educational programs as a chain of interrelated training modules and objects, taking into account the implementation of a competence-based model of learning in a distributed educational environment of the University, seems to be interesting.The modern education system is to be aimed primarily at adaptive generation of educational content, taking into account the needs of students and in accordance with constantly changing conditions and needs of the labor market. At present, research in this area mainly concerns issues such as the use of multimedia technologies and simulation programs, knowledge testing technologies based on the competency model, methods for measuring the degree of satisfaction with the quality of training, and management methods based on the portfolio of students. These issues and problems are considered with varying degrees of detail, for example, in [1, 2, 3, 4] and other works. The developed methodology for the formation of educational programs is based on the research results of these authors and is developing towards the use of ontologies that can integrate various concepts of professional and educational standards and create on their basis fundamentally new educational modules and objects. In our opinion, it corresponds to world trends in the development of science in this field of knowledge.It is proposed to use the methods and methodologies of knowledge engineering as engineering methods: ontological engineering methods used for semantic modeling of the information and educational environment, allowing to represent the subject area in the form of a set of interconnected ontologies; methods for constructing and visualizing ontologies; methodologies for building databases and knowledge bases and forming complex queries to databases and knowledge bases; methods for semantic analysis of metadata; graph theory.As a result of the analysis of the objects of the information and educational environment, the requirements for the meta-description of educational objects and services are identified, and a description of the concepts of basic ontologies of the informational and educational environment is presented. The article also discusses the possibilities of using modern software for the formation of an intellectual repository of ontologies. Thus, the proposed toolkit for generating educational programs, in our opinion, will allow us to formalize, simplify, and significantly accelerate the process offlexible development of materials necessary for organizing and supporting the educational process. Application of the described approach makes it possible to improve the quality of training of specialists due to the prompt creation of organizational, managerial and educational materials adapted to the requirements of the labor market, taking into account the peculiarities of forms and methods of training.

У статті описується правова OWL-онтологія, яка робить явним концептуальне знання в області судової справи, підтримує міркування про область, і може використовуватися для анотування тексту судової справи, якій в свою чергу можна використати, для поповнення онтології. Заповнена онтологія може використовуватися для інформаційного пошуку, видобування і доказової аргументації.

У статті наведені переваги використання SWRL, що на даний момент є найбільш широко використовуваною мовою правил в співтоваристві Semantic Web. Описано можливості Protégé-OWL API, оскільки популярне середовище розробки онтологій Protégé включає в себе плагін SWRLTab, для створення і обробки правил SWRL. А ще середовище Protégé надає SWRL підтримку вбудованих резонерів.

The article deals with methodology for description of scientifi c and educational services in education and information on the basis of interoperability stack EIF (European Interoperability Framework). The passage describes operation factors to depict services on every level of the methodology, tools used to describe the services and the content. We also provide the link between methodology of description with the life span of the service. The article presents an example of service description according to the methodology considering the current education and professional standards, ITIL recommendations, ontology on the OWL basis and WSDL-description.

This work is devoted to issues related to the development of learning software and, in particular, digital libraries and knowledge bases in different fields and disciplines. Main attention is paid to the development of computer learning software for electrical engineering on the base of rapidly growing and popular wiki technology. This work was supported by RFBR (projects 12-08-00358, 14-01-00427, 12-07-00508).

У статті наведені переваги використання SWRL, що на даний момент є найбільш широко використовуваною мовою правил в співтоваристві Semantic Web. Описано можливості Protégé-OWL API, оскільки популярне середовище розробки онтологій Protégé включає в себе плагін SWRLTab, для створення і обробки правил SWRL. А ще середовище Protégé надає SWRL підтримку вбудованих резонерів.

The paper deals with the development of meta-situational modeling concept in the field of formalized description of nondeterministic socio-economic processes in relation to education. The goal of the paper is to increase the efficiency and optimization of decision-making procedure, in general, and informational support for formalized processes, in particular. To achieve this goal, it is proposed to introduce the concept and methodology of modeling as meta-situational integration situation (event) and ontological (semantic) approaches. It is assumed that the two-level description of the situation (at declarative and descriptive levels) will give the possibility for varying levels of abstraction in relation to process and get access to data and knowledge about it at that stage, when it is objectively necessary. Another obvious advantage of the proposed approach is simplicity of implementation due to a widespread situation and ontological approaches and, consequently, their formalization methods (mathematical apparatus) and instrumental software implementation (programming languages, display formats, etc.). To verify the efficiency of the proposed meta-situational approach, a typical example of weakly formalized situations is considered - one of the options assessment tools traditionally used in education. Both components of the process are described in detail: situational one, specifying stepwise development procedures and ontological, characterizing taxonomic aspect of the process. The order of a formalized description for meta-situational model structure based on data representation formats similar to XML (category "Semantic Web") is determined.

The article analyzed the instrumental platforms of European and national qualifications frameworks. It was found that the European Qualifications Framework contains eight interrelated levels where qualifications determined by training results - triad professional qualities: knowledge, skills and competencies. This approach helps to compare qualifications and simplifies their recognition. The study gives examples of modern instrumentation platforms of the European and national qualifications frameworks to facilitate the establishment of the balance of the qualifications mentioned advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Proved that the qualifications frameworks can successfully functioning based on the ontological approach, the content of which is to present the subject area of knowledge with a help of computer ontologies. Ontology is a description of declarative knowledge in the form of classes with the relation between them. The article highlighted the features editor Protege-OWL for building subject-oriented ontology.

У статті описується правова OWL-онтологія, яка робить явним концептуальне знання в області судової справи, підтримує міркування про область, і може використовуватися для анотування тексту судової справи, якій в свою чергу можна використати, для поповнення онтології. Заповнена онтологія може використовуватися для інформаційного пошуку, видобування і доказової аргументації.

This work contains a research of available methods on query optimization of OWL knowledge bases that are built using the SPARQL language, and also by using the available frameworks (e.g. Apache Jena Framework). Currently, there is a special need to improve the performance of existing tools to work with knowledge bases. This need is caused by a lack of the speed, and sometimes, by a very low performance of systems that uses a knowledge bases as a data storage. As a result of the research it was found an opportunity of significant performance optimization of interactions with knowledge bases, based on Virtuoso server, by applying the described optimization techniques that resulted in an increase in execution speed, in average from 25% to 35%, with a relatively small number of triplets. This information will help developers to reduce the time of interaction with knowledge base server that will significantly speed up the performance of applications that use similar data storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]