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We compared the effect of NF-κB inhibitor aurothiomalate and voltaren on local inflammation in different types of immune response. Both substances reduced edema caused by sheep erythrocytes (Th1-type immune response) and local immediate-type hypersensitivity response induced with ovalbumin (Th2-dependent response). The anti-inflammatory effects of aurothiomalate were similar to those of voltaren during Th1-type immune response.

We have studied the influence of water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from Tussilago farfara L. leaves, Betula verrucosa Ehrh. leaves, Calendula officinalis L. flowers, Acorus calamus rhizomes, Inula helenium L. rhizomes, overground part of Trifolium pretense L., and overground part ofArtemisia absinthium L., on Thl immune response induced by sheep red blood cells and on NO production by murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro. All the investigated polysaccharides have stimulated a Th1 response. Polysaccharides isolated from Betula verrucosa leaves did not influence NO synthesis, while polysaccharides of Tussilago farfara leaves and Acorus calamus rhizomes stimulated NO synthase of murine macrophages on a level comparable with that of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Polysaccharides from Inula helenium rhizomes, Calendula officinalis flowers, and overground parts of Trifolium pretense and Artemisia absinthium also stimulated NO production, but to a lower extent in comparison to LPS.

This article is devoted to classical and alternative macrophage activation, and intracellular transmission of external signals onto genes. It presents data on postreceptor events resulting in the formation of classical or alternative properties of macrophages. The role of some molecules of intracellular signaling pathways (STAT1, NF-kappaB, IRAK, TRAF6, Jak1, Tyk2, STAT3, c-Maf, Sp1, C/EBP, CREB, STAT6, MAP-kinase, PI3-kinase, c P) in the development of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities of macrophages is discussed.

The influence of D-glucuronic acid (course administration) on a Thl and Th2 immune response was studied. It is established that D-glucuronic acid suppressed Th2-dependent immune response as it decreased the lethality from the anaphylactic shock, abolished the local anaphylactic reaction and strongly inhibited allergen-specific IgE and IgG1 production. In addition, D-glucuronic acid stimulated Thl-dependent immune response since it enhanced the delay-type hypersensitivity reaction, increased amount of antibody-forming cells and the number of antibodies in blood. It is concluded that the mechanism of the antiallergic effect of D-glucuronic acid is related to a change in the Th1/Th2 balance in favor of Th1.

Co-culturing of P-815 tumor cell strain and intact mouse bone marrow cells nonadherent to plastic resulted in the appearance of soluble mediators with antitumor activity. Bone marrow cells start releasing these antiproliferative factors only after signal exchange with the target tumor cells. The cell-cell contact is an important factor for the induction of antitumor activity. Antitumor activity of bone marrow cells (similarly as immunosuppressive activity) is realized through suppressor factors; the appearance of these factors is induced by target tumor cells.

Ehrlich tumor cells released factors which activated T-cell production of interferon-gamma and triggered a mechanism of nitric oxide (NO) production instead of interferon-gamma. When cultured in vitro, they produced NO without stimulation and responded to interferon-gamma by an output rate of NO significantly greater than that in bone marrow cells. Unlike P-815 cells, those of Ehrlich tumor proved resistant to autocrine NO.