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Diplomsko delo obravnava pridobitev stanovanjskega kredita in primerjavo pridobitve le-tega ter spremljajočih stroškov v dveh izbranih finančnih institucijah. Ponudba stanovanjskih posojil je glede na število bank in hranilnic velika in zelo raznolika, zato je pomembno, da pred odločitvijo, kje bomo najeli posojilo, pridobimo in pregledamo ponudbe več bank. Seznaniti se moramo ne le s stroški stanovanjskega kredita, temveč s celotno ponudbo oz. produkti, ki jih ponujajo izbrana finančna ustanova, banka ali hranilnica. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti in opisati stanovanjsko kreditiranje, spremljajoče postopke, stroške, hkrati pa narediti primerjavo stroškov med izbranima finančnima institucijama. Zanima me, ali se postopek pridobitve kredita in višina stroškov med dvema bankama bistveno razlikujeta. Pri pisanju diplomskega dela želim ugotoviti, katera, fiksna ali variabilna, obrestna mera je trenutno ugodnejša in bolj smiselna. Predstaviti želim tudi razlike in ovire pri pridobivanju stanovanjskega kredita med izbranima institucijama, UniCredit banka Slovenija d. d. in LON d. d., Kranj. Med pisanjem diplomskega dela, raziskovanjem in pridobivanjem podatkov smo ugotovili, da se stroški pridobitve kredita med bankami lahko precej razlikujejo, v celotni ročnosti odplačila kredita lahko te razlike znašajo tudi več tisoč evrov. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da je stanovanjski kredit v primeru zastave z nepremičnino v velikem delu urejen z Zakonom o potrošniških kreditih (ZPotK-2, Uradni list RS, št. 77/16). Skozi pisanje diplomskega dela smo ugotovili tudi to, da je trenutno res ugodneje najeti stanovanjski kredit z variabilno obrestno mero, na dolgi rok pa je, glede na nepredvidljivo gibanje EURIBOR-ja, bolj smiselno najeti kredit s fiksno obrestno mero. The paper deals with the process of obtaining a housing loan and includes a comparison of the process and its costs in two different financial institutions. There are many financial institutions that offer different housing loans, so it is important to check and review the offers of several banks before deciding where to get a loan. Apart from checking the cost of a housing loan, it is also important to get informed about all the offers and products provided by the financial institution. The purpose of the paper is to present and describe housing financing, its procedures, costs, and make a cost comparison between two selected financial institutions. The paper also researches whether the process of obtaining a loan and its costs differentiate between the Slovenian savings bank LON d. d. and the Austrian bank UniCredit Bank. Furthermore, the paper determines which interest rate (fixed or variable) is currently more reasonable and also presents the differences and difficulties in obtaining a housing loan in the above-mentioned institutions. The research shows that the costs of getting a housing loan in the two banks can be quite different and can at the end amount to a difference of several thousand euros and that the housing loan in the case of a mortgage is mainly regulated by the Consumer Credit Act (ZpotK-2, Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 77/16). The paper also concludes that currently it is more favourable to get a variable interest rate housing loan, although in the long run, considering the unpredictability of EURIBOR (Euro Interbank Offered Rate), it is more reasonable to get a fixed interest rate loan.

Vstop Slovenije v Evropsko unijo leta 2004 je bil pomembna prelomnica tako na političnem kot gospodarskem področju. Pred nove izzive je bil postavljen tudi bančni sistem, ki se je moral čim prej prilagoditi na delovanje v novem okolju. Glede na to, da so bili krediti bank prevladujoča oblika financiranja slovenskega gospodarstva, je bil nadaljnji razvoj Slovenije v veliki meri odvisen od ustreznosti odločitev slovenskih bankirjev. Vsesplošni optimizem in spodbudne napovedi so se izrazili v povečani kreditni aktivnosti in hitri gospodarski rasti, dokler leta 2008 zlom nepremičninskega trga v Združenih državah Amerike ni povzročil začetka svetovne gospodarske krize. Ta je z določenim zamikom posredno prizadela tudi banke v Sloveniji, saj so ostale brez pomembnega vira financiranja večjih evropskih bank. Te so zaradi nasedlih naložb v Združenih državah Amerike postale veliko bolj zadržane pri nadaljnjem financiranju. Upad kreditne aktivnosti in posledično tudi gospodarske rasti v Sloveniji je bil toliko izrazitejši zaradi prociklično naravnanega delovanja bank. Postopno zaostrovanje kreditnih standardov je privedlo do kreditnega krča, ki je močno dušil nadaljnji razvoj gospodarstva. Hitre in kakovostne rešitve, ki bi privedle do obrata kreditnega in gospodarskega cikla, so postale prednostna naloga. Zavedati se je treba, da gresta ustrezna kreditna aktivnost in zdrava gospodarska rast z roko v roki. Slovenia’s entry into the European Union in 2004 was a major turning point both in the political and the economic sphere. The banking system faced new challenges as well, having to adapt to operating in the new environment as fast as possible. Given the fact that bank loans were the predominant form of financing in the Slovenian economy, the further development of Slovenia largely depended on the appropriate decisions of Slovenian bankers. Overall optimism and encouraging forecasts were reflected in an increased lending activity and rapid economic growth, until the collapse of the real-estate market in the United States of America in 2008 led to the onset of the global economic crisis. With a certain delay, the crisis also affected banks in Slovenia because they lost an important source of financing from major European banks, which became much more conservative in further financing due to the collapsed investments in the United States of America. The decline in lending activity and, consequently, economic growth in Slovenia was even more pronounced due to the procyclical behaviour of banks. The gradual tightening of credit standards led to a credit crunch that severely dampened the further development of economy. Fast and high-quality solutions that would lead to a reversal in the credit and economic cycle became a priority. It needs to be taken into account that appropriate lending activity and healthy economic growth go hand in hand.

V življenju imamo ljudje več potreb, tudi po stanovanju, ki je za poprečnega državljana velik finančni zalogaj. Pri iskanju virov se za pomoč obrnejo na banko. Naloga banke je predstavitev možnih ponudb bančnih kreditov, s katerim je mogoče rešiti stanovanjsko vprašanje, in opisati način obrestovanja in zavarovanja kredita. Za fizično osebo je izbor ustreznega kredita težka odločitev, saj je vedno povezana s prevzemom tveganja. Osredotočili smo se predvsem na valutno tveganje, ki je povezano s tujo valuto. Vsakdo namreč pri iskanju pravega kredita išče najugodnejšo možnost. Nekateri so se v preteklosti odločili za najem stanovanjskega kredita v tuji valuti, švicarskem franku, ker je bil z vidika obresti najugodnejši. Pri odločanju o izboru ustreznega kredita je kreditojemalec tisti, ki s podpisom kreditne pogodbe sprejme pogoje najema kredita in hkrati s kreditom povezana tveganja. Dolžnost banke pa je, da stranko pred podpisom glavne kreditne pogodbe seznani z vsemi tveganji glede najema kredita in predlaga možne načine njegovega zavarovanja. Z dodatnimi zavarovanji je mogoče doseči omilitev tveganja, čeprav ga ne moremo povsem izključiti. Po letu 2005 se je v južni in jugovzhodni Evropi pojavil trend najemanja takrat ugodnih stanovanjskih kreditov, vezanih na tujo valuto švicarski frank. Državljani so jih najemali tudi v Sloveniji in na Hrvaškem kljub opozorilom centralne banke o možnem tveganju. Izkušnje slovenskih in hrvaških državljanov so torej dokaz, da je lahko najemanje stanovanjskega kredita v tuji valuti precej tvegano. During the course of their lives, people face several needs, among them the need for a suitable dwelling that may represent a major financial challenge. In seeking for financial sources, people turn to the banks. The task of the bank is to acquaint the client with the possible bank loans that can solve the problem of solving the housing problem, and to describe to them the modes of interest rates and loan ensurance. For a physical person, the decision on the suitable loan can be difficult as it invariably comes with certain risks. In the past, many people decided for housing loans in foreign currency, the Swiss Frank, that offered the best interest rates. By signing the loan contract, the client accepts the terms of the loan, and the inherent risks the bank, on the other hand, is obliged to familiarize the client with all risks entailed, and to offer the various forms of insurance. Additional insurance cannot exclude, but can alleviate the risks substantially. In the period after 2005, housing loans tied to Swiss Franks were trending in Southeastern and Southern Europe. People were taking these loans also in Slovenia and Croatia, despite the warnings of the central banks of the respective states. Their experiences show how housing loans in foreign currencies can be risky.

Za uspešno sodelovanje banke in podjetij je potrebno uskladiti dvoje nasprotujočih se interesov: interes podjetja, ki želi pridobiti kar najcenejše vire financiranja, in interes banke, ki želi doseči čim večji dobiček, s čim manjšim tveganjem oziroma ustreznim zavarovanjem. Diplomski projekt z naslovom Bančno kreditiranje podjetij v Sloveniji v teoretičnem delu obravnava kreditne storitve banke, vrste kratkoročnih in dolgoročnih kreditov podjetjem, ter cilje bank pri kreditiranju podjetij. Nadalje obravnava značilnosti poslovnega odnosa med podjetjem in banko, vpliv bonitete na pridobitev kredita in opis zavarovanj bančnih kreditov. V zadnjem delu diplomskega projekta smo analizirali bančno kreditiranje podjetij od leta 2004 do 2013 v Sloveniji, spreminjanje števila bank in hranilnic, značilnosti odobrenih kreditov v povezavi s gospodarskimi razmerami, obseg odobrenih bančnih kreditov podjetjem, spreminjanje cene kreditov po posameznem letu in bančno kreditiranje po dejavnostih, pri čemer smo izpostavili predelovalne dejavnosti, gradbeništvo in trgovino. For successful cooperation between banks and companies it is necessary to reconcile conflicting interests. Interest of companies is to obtain cheapest sources of funding, and at the other side, interest of banks to achieved profit with lower risk or appropriate insurance. Diploma project with title Bank crediting of companies in Slovenia in theoretical part talks about credit banking services, which are types of short-term and long-term credits to companies and goals of banks in crediting companies. Further it goes about, characteristics of the business relationship between banks and companies, impact of the credit rating to obtain credit and description of the insurances which are insure bank if companies not repay approved credit. Then we analyzed bank crediting of companies from year 2004 to year 2013 in Slovenia, how it is changing the number of banks, characteristics of approved credits in relation to economic conditions, the amount of approved credits to companies, changing price of credit at individual year and bank crediting by activity, where we are expose manufacturing, construction and trade.

Finančni trg teorija običajno deli na trg kapitala in trg denarja. Vendar pa v praksi deluje še eden, njima enakovreden trg, kreditni trg, ki vključuje ves bančni sektor. Kreditno tveganje je eno temeljnih in tudi eno najstarejših tveganj s katerimi se banke srečujejo pri svojem poslovanju. To je tveganje, ki predstavlja možnost, kreditojemalec ne bo hotel ali mogel poravnati svojih kreditnih obveznosti do kreditodajalca. Da bi bilo kreditno tveganje čim manjše, imajo banke razvit cel sistem oziroma politiko rokovanja s kreditnim tveganjem. Upravljanje kreditnega tveganja v prvi fazi zajema ocenjevanje oziroma merjenje kreditnega tveganja, v okviru katere se oceni kreditna sposobnost oziroma boniteta kreditojemalca ter višina kredita in doba kreditiranja. Identifikaciji in merjenju kreditnega tveganja sledi faza obvladovanja kreditnega tveganja v kateri se kreditno tveganje spremlja. Pri vzpostavitvi funkcije obvladovanja kreditnih tveganj je pomembno, da se zagotovi njena neodvisnost in pristojnost. Zadnjo fazo predstavlja nadzor kredita, v kateri banka konstantno spremlja tako stanje kreditne sposobnosti kreditojemalca kot tudi zavarovanje kredita, ki ga je določila v predhodnji fazi. Zavarovanje pred kreditnim tveganjem sega daleč v zgodovino. Kreditno zavarovanje je način, s katerim banke zmanjšajo kreditno tveganje. Ločimo med stvarnimi in osebnimi kreditnimi zavarovanji. Stvarna kreditna zavarovanja delimo na kreditna zavarovanja na nepremičninah (hipoteka, zemljiški dolg, ...), na premičninah in na pravicah. Med osebna pa uvrščamo poroštvo, bančno garancijo in zavarovanje kredita pri zavarovalnici. Najpogosteje se pri zavarovanju kreditov uporabljajo hipoteka, menica, depoziti, zavarovanje pri zavarovalnici, poroštvo, ... Banka instrument zavarovanja izbere glede na tveganost naložbe. Pametno, predvsem pa primerno izbran instrument znižuje kreditno tveganje na minimum. Strategija in procesi upravljanja s tveganji ter struktura in organizacija funkcij upravljanja s tveganji predstavljajo bistvo dobre politike rokovanja s kreditnimi tveganji. Takšno, dobro, politiko vodi tudi Banka Celje d.d., ki pri svojem poslovanju prevzema različna tveganja in je aktivna na področju kreditnega poslovanja tako doma kot v tujini. Banka Celje svoje kreditne naložbe usmerja k manj tveganim komitentom, dejavnostim in državam. Izpostavljenost kreditnemu tveganju zmanjšuje z izvajanjem politike zavarovanja kreditnih terjatev. Theory typically divides financial market into the capital market and market of money. However, in practice there is one more market, equivalent to both mentioned, credit market, which includes the entire banking sector. Credit risk is a fundamental and also one of the oldest risks which banks face in their operations. This risk represents the possibility that a borrower will not or could not meet its credit obligations towards lender. In order to minimize credit risk, banks have developed a whole system or better yet policy of handling credit risk. Management of credit risk in the first phase includes evaluation and measurement of credit risk in contex of which the creditworthiness of the borrower or the credit rating, amount of credit and lasting of a credit are being valued. Identification and measurement of credit risk is followed by a phase in which credit risk is monitored. For the establishment of credit risk management function it is important to ensure its independence and competence. The last phase is the control of credit, in which the bank constantly monitors the borrower's creditworthiness and credit insurance, which was established in one of the previous stages. Protecting credit against credit risk extends far back into history. Credit insurance is a way for banks to reduce credit risk. We distinguish between funded and unfunded credit protection. Funded credit insurance is devided into credit insurance on real property (mortgage, land charge, ...), on movable property and rights. Among personal credit insurance we classify guarantee, bank guarantee and credit insurance with the insurance company. The most commonly used instrument for credit insurance is mortgage, bill of exchange, deposits, insurance with the insurance company, guarantee, ... Bank choses the insurance instrument according to te riskiness of investments. Only wisely and suitably chosen instrument reduces the credit risk to a minimum. Strategy, risk management processes and organizational structure of risk management represent the very essence of good credit risk handling policy. Such a good policy is led also by Banka Celje d.d., which in it's operations takes different risks and it's active in the credit business at home and abroad. Banka Celje directs it's credit investments towards less risky clients, activities and countries. Banka Celje minimizes it's exposure to credit risk by implementing policies of credit incurance claims.

Okolje, v katerem poslujejo banke, je izredno dinamično in hiter razvoj spremljajo številna tveganja. Tveganju se v poslovni banki ni mogoče popolnoma izogniti, zato se mora vsaka banka zavedati učinkovitega upravljanja s tveganji, ki vključuje prvine prepoznavanja, merjenja in ocenjevanja, spremljanja in poročanja. Banka, ki aktivno upravlja s tveganji, ima pred konkurenco odločilno prednost. Osrednje mesto med bančnimi tveganji, zavzema nedvomno kreditno tveganje in ga lahko opredelimo kot tveganje nastanka izgube zaradi neizpolnitve obveznosti dolžnika do banke. Cilj upravljanja s kreditnim tveganjem je maksimiranje tveganja prilagojene donosnosti in hkrati obdržati nivo tveganja v sprejemljivih okvirjih. Pri obvladovanju tveganja mora banka upoštevati ne samo tveganja v celotnem kreditnem portfelju ampak tudi tveganja pri sklepanju individualnih kreditnih poslov. Obvladovanje s kreditnim tveganjem je ključna komponenta celovitega upravljanje s tveganji in bistveno vpliva na dolgoročno uspešnost vsakega bančnega poslovanja. Obvladovanje ključnih tveganj, ki jih najpogosteje delimo na kreditno, obrestno, valutno, likvidnostno, tržno in operativno tveganje, je temeljito regulirano tudi z bančnimi predpisi, med katerimi je najpomembnejši Zakon o bančništvu s podzakonskimi akti. Banke poskušajo obvladovati kreditno tveganje na različne načine, ki jih delimo na merjenje in obvladovanje kreditnega tveganj. Z merjenjem tveganja banka določi mejo še sprejemljivega tveganja, ki ga je pripravljena prevzeti. Za merjenje kreditnega tveganja obstajajo različni modeli, ki segajo od kvantitativnih do kvalitativnih. Kreditno tveganje banka obvladuje na več načinov kot na primer z izpolnjevanjem zakonskih zahtev, razpršenostjo naložb po sektorjih, uporabo ustreznih modelov in zavarovanje kreditov. Ugotavljanje bonitete kreditojemalca je bistven dejavnik za obvladovanje kreditnega tveganja. Banke komitente razvrščajo v bonitetne razrede in na podlagi razreda določajo tudi zavarovanje kreditne naložbe. Banke ocenjujejo kvaliteto svojega kreditnega portfelja in kreditna tveganja na podlagi bonitetnih ocen komitentov. Pri tem banka z bonitetno oceno naredi oceno kvalitete komitenta in njegove sposobnosti, da bo izpolnil svoje obveznosti. Merila, na podlagi katerih banke ocenjujejo boniteto, delimo na objektivna in subjektivna. Pomembno oceno odigra tudi oblika kreditnega zavarovanja in to že na začetku postopka odobritve kredita. Na podlagi tega, kaj je kreditojemalec pripravljen ponuditi za zavarovanje kredita. Namen naloge je predstaviti različne metode merjenja, ocenjevanja in obvladovanja kreditnega tveganja ter njihovo upravljanje v Abanki Vipi d.d. in predstaviti nove možnosti za obvladovanje tveganj v bančnem sektorju. The enviroment where banks conduct their business is dynamic and fast development accompanies biggest risks. It is impossible for banks to avoid them, therefore the acitivities of discovering potencial risks, measuring risks, analysing their sources and manage them in a propar way can be discribed as the most important source of gaining competitive advantage and a way to survive in the whole new world of banking. The credit risk is one of the most important risk in bank business. Credit risk is most simply defined as the potential that a bank borrower or counterparty will fail to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed terms. The goal of credit risk management is to maximise a bank´s risk-adjusted rate of return by maintaining credit risk exposure within acceptable parameters. Banks need to manage the credit risk inherent in the entire portfolio as well as the risk in invidual credits of transaction. Banks should also consider the relationships between credit risk and other risks. The effective management of credit risk is a comprehensive component of a comprehensive approach to risk management and essential to the long-term success of any banking organisation. Risk management is usualy divided into credit risk, interest rate risk, currency risk, liquidity risk, market risk and operational risk is regulated by bakk directives, prescriptions, where the most important is the Lawabout banking with under law acts. Banks try to control the credit risk in various ways, which can be divided into measuring and controling credit risk. By measuring the risk the bank determines a limit of accaptable risk, which it is prepared to take over. Different models exist for measuring credit risk, which range from quantity to quality. The bank controls the credit risk in different ways, for example: fulfilment of legal demands, dispersion of investment throug various sectors, application of suitable models and credit insurance. Prior to authoriastion of the credit, banks valuate the credit rating of their client. The banks classify their clients into classes, in view of their credit rating, and on the basis of the class they also determinate the insurance of the credit investment. Banks assess the quality of their credit portfolios and credit risk on the basis of customers creditratings. In so doing banks use a credit rating to give an assessment of the quality of the costumer and the costumer`s ability to fulfil liabilities. We divide the criteria, on the basis of which the bank evaluates the credit ration, on objective and subjective. At the beginning of the credit acquirement procedure, the form of credit insurance is estimated as important for rating as well. The bank can anticipate about the borrower`s trust in his own project and also his optimal engagement for its fulfilment according to what the borrower is prepared to offer for credit inssurance. The purpose of this paper is to present different methods of measuring risks, analysing their sources and managing them in Abanka Vipa d.d. and to present new possibilities for the management of risks in the bank industry.

Vedno je obstajal nekdo, ki je imel presežek, in nekdo, ki si ga je želel izposoditi. Prve oblike "kreditiranja" so se tako pojavile že dva tisoč let pred našim štetjem, še v času antike. Že od samega začetka kapitalizma pa za prevladujočo obliko kreditiranja šteje bančni kredit. Če pogledamo današnji svet, lahko rečemo, da živimo v času slednjega, saj se vse več ljudi zaradi pomanjkanja sredstev odloča za najem kredita pri banki. Ker pa je na slovenskem kreditnem trgu ogromno specializiranih ponudnikov, smo se s svojo analizo osredotočili na pet bank, ki s svojimi tržnimi deleži zavzemajo več kot polovico slovenskega bančnega trga, ter na njihovo ponudbo in pogoje za najem potrošniških kreditov. Treba se je zavedati, da vsak najem kredita poleg obrestne mere spremljajo tudi določeni stroški, višina katerih vpliva na končno ceno, ki jo bo kreditojemalec plačal banki. S pomočjo informativnih izračunov smo te stroške uporabili kot glavno merilo pri naši analizi in prišli do zaključka, da se višine cen kreditov od banke do banke lahko močno razlikujejo. Throughout history, there was always somebody who had a surplus and somebody who wanted to borrow it. First types of "crediting" thus appeared as early as 2,000 years BC, in ancient times. Since the beginning of capitalism the predominant form of crediting has been the bank loan. If we look at the world today, we can say that we live in an era of credit, since an increasing number of people decide to take a loan at the bank due to a lack of funds. Since there is a large number of specialized credit institutions on the Slovenian credit market, our analysis focuses on five banks, whose market share accounts for more than a half of the Slovenian banking market, and on their offer and conditions for taking out consumer credit. We must be aware of the fact that every time a loan is granted there are certain additional costs apart from the interest rate that influence the total amount that the borrower shall pay to the bank. Using indicative calculations, they were used as the main criterion in our analysis and we came to the conclusion that the cost of credit may significantly vary between different banks.

Banka je organizacija, katere glavna značilnost je zbiranje presežnih denarnih sredstev in dajanje kreditov. Pod določenimi pogoji nudi kratkoročne in dolgoročne kredite tako fizičnim kot tudi pravnim osebam. Za uresničitev določenega cilja velikokrat ne zadostujejo lastna sredstva, potrebno je pridobiti dodatna finančna sredstva, tukaj pa se pojavijo banke s ponudbo kreditov. Pri kreditnem razmerju gre za razmerje med upnikom in dolžnikom. Banka pred odobritvijo kredita preveri bonitetno sposobnost komitenta z namenom zmanjšanja kreditnega tveganja. Kljub veliki previdnosti banka in podjetje ne moreta predvideti dogodkov, ki bi lahko negativno vplivali na vračilo kredita. Zato banka vse večjo pozornost namenja zavarovanju vračila kredita. V diplomskem seminarju sem se osredotočila na ponudbo kreditov pravnim osebam. Opisala sem dolgoročne in kratkoročne kredite, bonitetno sposobnost podjetja in podrobneje postopek odobritve in vodenja kredita pravnim osebam. A bank is an organization whose main characteristic is collecting the folded money funds and giving credits. Under certain conditions it gives short-term and long-term credits to physical persons and companies. A lot of times it is not enough to have one's own means to achieve a certain goal – it is needed to get additional financial means therefore, there are banks with their credits' offer. There is a credit relationship which means a relationship between a creditor and a debtor. The bank checks the advantage ability of its commissioner before it approves for a credit to lower the credit risk. Even though the bank and the company are curious, they cannot foretell events that could be negative for repayment of the credit. Therefore, the bank gives strong attention to credit repayment insurance. I have focused on the offer of credits to companies in the diploma seminar paper. I have described long-term and short-term credits, the advantage ability of the company and the procedure of approval and managing the credit to the companies.

Eden ključnih elementov obvladovanja kreditnega tveganja so kreditna zavarovanja. Vendar, v osnovi urejeno ustrezno kreditno zavarovanje, ni dovolj za uspešno obvladovanje kreditnega tveganja, pač pa je pomemben tudi stalen nadzor nad ustreznostjo kakovosti zavarovanj. Glede na to, da ima banka naenkrat odprtih več tisoč terjatev, si enostavno ne moremo zamisliti, da bi zavarovanja spremljali kako drugače kot z ustreznim informacijskim sistemom. V nalogi sem predstavil informacijski sistem »Naložbe in zavarovanja«, ki smo ga vzpostavili v NKBM d.d. v letu 2008, kot del projekta uvedbe Basla 2, z namenom zagotovitve informacijske podpore spremljavi naložbenih zavarovanj. Od informacijskega sistema za podporo spremljavi naložbenih zavarovanj se zahteva, da omogoča enostaven vnos podatkov o sklenjenih zavarovanjih z vsemi tistimi podatki, ki so potrebni za kasnejše ugotavljanje ustreznosti zavarovanj, da omogoča preglede že vnesenih podatkov in da omogoča izračun vrednosti zavarovanj ter poročanje o zavarovanjih naložb notranjim in zunanjim uporabnikom (Banka Slovenije) informacij. Trenutna informacijska rešitev še ni v celoti skladna z zgoraj navedenimi zahtevami, zato bo potrebno izvesti nadgradnjo aplikacije s stališča vnosa podatkov in preračuna vrednosti zavarovanj z nepremičninami. Z nadgradnjami bomo olajšali vnos podatkov in zagotovili večjo natančnost le-teh ter zagotovili pravilnejše vrednotenje zavarovanj z nepremičninami. One of the key elements of mastering the credit risk is the credit insurance. However, the basic suitable credit insurance is not enough for successful mastering the credit risk. Therefore, the constant control over suitability of the insurance’s quality is also important. According to the fact that the bank has suddenly thousands of debts open, we cannot imagine not to monitor the insurances otherwise than with the appropriate information system. In my diploma paper, I introduced the information system “Investments and insurances” that was re-established at NKMB d.d. in 2008 as a part of introducing the Basel 2 project, with the intention to assure the informational support at monitoring the investment insurances. From the information system for monitoring support of the investment insurances it is required to enable simple input of data about the insurances with all these data that are necessary for the later insurance suitability assessment to enable the review of already input data to enable the calculation of insurance values and reporting about the investment insurances to inner and outer information users (The Bank of Slovenia). Current informational solution is not wholly in accordance with the above mentioned requests. Therefore, it is necessary to perform an application upgrade from the position of data input and calculation of values of insurances with the real-estate. With the upgrade we will alleviate data input, assure higher accuracy of these and assure more proper assessment of insurances with the real-estate.