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This paper includes an analysis of academic papers that focus on cultural aspects written by MA students in the ‘Teach & Learn in Spain’ program at Instituto Franklin-UAH. The percentage of academic papers focusing on cultural aspects written by these students who acted as Language Assistants (LAs) in bilingual schools in Spain is quite high. This suggests the importance of the cultural component in the teaching of English as a second language and their high level of sociocultural awareness. Thus, this paper has several objectives: a) to determine the existence of a specific sociocultural awareness in research papers; b) to identify the cultural aspects that were considered essential by the LAs in this program and show the strategies used to provide information; and c) to compare findings considering the theoretical background. The method will rely on a mixt approach considering quantitative and qualitative analyses and will be specific for each of the objectives.

This paper analyses Phalee proverbs that refer to acts of speaking and holding the tongue in a community rhetorical context. Phalee/ Phadang, spoken in the Ukhrul district of Manipur, falls under the Tangkhul Naga language sub-group of the Tibeto-Burman family but is mutually incomprehensible with it. Tangkhul is the lingua franca among the villages that make up the Tangkhul Naga identity despite every village’s quotidian language use, rituals, and laws being unique to the village identity. This is a complex phenomenon, and the proverbs that arise out of the Tangkhul-Phalee composite provide interesting perspectives on identity formation regarding language, custom, and art. The collected corpus of proverbs we studied shows that while speech is considered clearly a necessity in terms of self-expression, community policy determination, and social interaction, most proverbs on speaking nevertheless emphasise the power of spoken words and ultimately counsel minimal and extremely careful speech. Silence seems to be often and poignantly granted greater value in communal life. This paper explores how these accumulated insights into speech reflect cultural attitudes in Phalee society and offer insights into the distinctive forms of social governance as mediated through the rhetorical strategies of proverb context and usage that characterise the village identity.

This paper attempts to engage with the artistic activism of Ambedkarite feminists from Maharashtra. It tries to analyze some of the modes of their artistic engagement within the other forms of activism of Dalits in Maharashtra in particular and India in general. Drawing on Marathi sources, one of the core interests of the paper is to delve into the social-political worlds of women activists that propagate Ambedkar’s core principles of liberty, equality and fraternity. At the same time, the ways in which Dalit women reflect on the questions of caste, gender and patriarchy will be analyzed in the context of the field of artistic (re)production of culture as a counter culture to the mainstream culture of India. Cultural practices of Maharashtra will be analyzed as a departure from the conventional folklore readings in order to differentiate its structured dispositions, bodily nuances and so on. Distinct art forms and poetic engagements among the marginalized sections will be subjected to close reading as well, especially the genres of Ovi, Powadas, Jalasa, Buddhageet and Bheemgeet. It thus turned into the weapons of the Dalits to unleash their political tirade against the Brahmanic culture. Hence it creates spaces for ontological and epistemic investigations within the rubric of Dalit culture. Thus, the primary and secondary sources and narratives will be deployed while researching artistic activism of Ambedkarite women in the context of songs and poetic expressions. This paper tries to explore the artistic activism of Ambedkarite feminists from Maharashtra.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2018 3(1), 257-279 | Article | (Table of Contents) I. Introduction. - II. The "promises" of the cultural OMC. - III. The birth of the cultural OMC. - IV. The operation and evolution of the cultural OMC. - V. Cultural policy coordination or cultural cooperation? - VI. The cultural OMC in the context of the EU cultural policy. - VII. Cultural coordination outside the cultural OMC. - VIII. Conclusion. | (Abstract) This Article focuses on the use of the OMC in the field of culture - a particularly sensitive policy field for the Member States. The cultural OMC was conceived as a flexible, non-binding and voluntary framework for structuring Member States' cultural cooperation and fostering the exchange of best practice. The analysis seeks to deepen the understanding of the cultural OMC as a framework for policy coordination. It examines the origins of the process and the arguments that supported it, as well as its formation, operation and development through three distinct cycles (2008-2010; 2011-2014; 2015-2018). It also places the cultural OMC within the broader framework of EU cultural policy and juxtaposes it with other coordination mechanisms pertaining directly or indirectly to culture. In doing so, the Article investigates the specificities of the cultural OMC and testifies to the broader set of processes that currently seek to coordinate Member States' culture policies.

This paper aims to reflect on the relationship between audiovisual communication and cultural spaces, specifically the Cultural Association of Bossoroca (ACB), located in the border region of Missões, in the town of Bossoroca. Theoretically, it proposes the elucidation of the notion of audiovisual communication related to the management of information in the context of digitalization and technological virtualization and as a communication process of the Creative Industry. As a methodology, this paper makes use of digital media observation, collection, and qualitative analysis. The field research starts from the observation and mapping of communication platforms and contents of the ACB, and ends by pondering audiovisual as an important communication process to the management of cultural spaces.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2018 3(1), 203-205 | Article | (Abstract) This introduction presents the five Articles of this Special Section that was originally conceived at a workshop entitled "Taking Stock of the Open Method of Coordination" (21stIus Commune Congress, 24-25 November 2016, Maastricht, the Netherlands). With a view to deepening understanding of policy coordination in the EU, the Articles place the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) within the broader system of EU law and competences, explore its application in various EU policy areas, study its different forms and the multiplicity of processes that it involves, draw attention to novel processes of coordination at the EU level, examine the relationship of the OMC with other coordination procedures and mechanisms and verify whether or not the OMC remains a relevant conceptual framework for understanding EU policy coordination.

This paper aims to analyze the process of medicalization in current societies, starting from the description of the way in which medicine gradually appropriated various aspects of everyday life that were once part of the life cycle of people. At the theoretical level, we are based on authors such as Descola and Latour, who problematize the dichotomy between Nature and Culture, and propose the need to think from a superior episteme. Methodologically, this theoretical proposal enables an analysis of the medicalization that can illuminate what is hidden in the discourse and biomedical practices: the sociocultural, political and economic processes that are part of these "objects" of Medicine. From this perspective, the presentation of them as scientific facts, objectively isolatable and manipulable by medical science, is in crisis. Thus, our analysis, based on the concept of "quasi-objects" or "hybrids", problematizes such objectification, while providing critical tools to reflect on the medicalization of life in today's societies.

This paper revisits the online documentation of Eduardo Kac’s work Genesis (1999) in order to address the problematic of embodiment as it emerges in the process of specta(c)torship afforded by this work. The central piece of Genesis consisted in a genetically modified bacteria which incorporated an artist-designed synthetic gene created by translating into DNA base pairs a sentence from the biblical book of Genesis. The reading that I propose problematizes the meaning of the human body in view of the complex entanglement of living and technological systems that appears in this work. Relying on elements from the archival theory formulated by Jacques Derrida, this paper reads Genesis as an attempt to playfully undo the origin (the human master of nature, and the associated duality between culture and nature) form inside the very history that this origin grounds, by folding into one another the cultural archive of the written biblical fragment, the technological archive that makes the work possible, and the DNA as an archive of chemical sequences that constitutes the fundament of life. The article also raises the question of how to address environmental crisis from a perspective that does not rely on the figure of the human and on the nature/culture divide.

The paper examines body parts idioms as politeness strategy in Nzema communication. Figurative devices such as proverbs and euphemisms have received quite an appreciable amount of study in connection with verbal politeness in Nzema. Little or no attention however has been given to idioms, particularly their communicative functions in the language. This paper seeks to discuss the communicative functions of some body parts related idioms in Nzema with special focus on idiomatic expressions involving the limbs, the body/skin, the heart/chest and the stomach that are used in daily discourse. The analysis is based on primary data obtained through participant and non-participant observation. The data comprise audio recordings of traditional arbitration and everyday conversations among the Nzema. The paper demonstrates that, these culturally constructed body parts related idioms are deliberately employed to avoid any straightforward language that seeks to undermine and threaten the face of an addressee and also serve as politeness device for the speaker. The paper draws on Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory.

In Custody is a novel by Anita Desai that studies the extinction of Urdu culture in post-partition India. The film adaptation of the novel has been done by Merchant Ivory Production in an attempt to not only convert the narrative from one art form to another, but also to use cinematic techniques to explore the socio-culture of India with the Urdu language being the central theme. This paper tries to explore the diminished Urdu culture and tries to analyze the question of its preservation in the modern world using technologies that have also been put forward in both art forms. The verses of Urdu poets and Faiz Ahmad Faiz used in the novel and in the film along with the progressive writers’ thought have also been dealt with. Hence, the theme of Urdu culture playing centrally, this paper studies various other aspects that have been presented in the film adaptation.

The paper beams its searchlights on the ethnographic mode of narration in the crafting of the narrative fiction — Ordained by the Oracle (1969) by Asare Konadu. The novel is scrutinized as an inventory of Asante’s customs, and moral, social, and religious philosophy. It is an art of thick descriptions, the intricate interweaving of plots and counterplots. Asare Konadu is labeled here as a journalist-novelist and ethnographer-novelist who has adhered strictly to social ethnographic facts as he pertained to the etched culture. Konadu has selected some Asante ethnographic data (funeral ritual performances, mythology, divination, chieftainship, etc. and woven them into a plot around an imaginary Asante hero and heroine through a hybrid writing genre—ethnographic fiction encompassing compelling events and useful ethnographic detail which advance the reader’s ability to understand the constrictions of circumstance on characters. The objective of this research paper is to ferret out the Asante ethnographic data, and their cultural experience and appreciate how they are crafted into this creative writing’s narrative framework.

The volume Borders and Contacts. Local, Regional and Global Phenomena, coordinated by Carmen Darabus and Camelia Zabava, brings together 28 papers presented by different scholars (from Romania, Bulgaria, Italy, Poland, Ukraine, the Northern Macedonia, Lithuania, and Sweden) in a panel organized at Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, in June 22nd 2019. The volume is structured in three chapters: linguistics, literature and cultural studies. All the papers, having different subjects, are subordinated to the maine topic and try to demonstrate that the borders separate people, but the culture unites them.

The paper aims at investigating the current status of Afghan women’s human rights from the perspective of constitutional and comparative public law in light of the debate on minority women’s condition in multicultural and multiethnic legal systems. Moving beyond the analysis of the Afghan legal system and hinging on selected statistics on Afghanistan’s ethnically diverse composition, the first part of the paper examines Afghan’s women condition following the coming into force of the 2004 Constitution by interlacing the constitutional provisions with the existing rules of Personal and Customary Law. The second part of the paper goes on by comparing the Afghan legal system with selected European and extra-European Countries featured by systems of law, that similarly to Afghanistan rely on a mixture of State Laws, Personal, and Customary Laws to highlight the extent to which these systems affect women’s human rights and, especially, those of minority women

This paper traces the connection between cultural work and power in the thinking and writing of Italian socio-political theorist and strategist, Antonio Gramsci. His rootedness in Marxism and a deep humanistic culture are emphasised as well as how his main conceptual tools (e.g. Hegemony, Intellectuals, ‘Popular Creative Spirit’, Critical Appropriation and ‘National-Popular’) are central to his analyses of different forms of cultural production, intellectual activity and educational developments in his time. The paper dwells on his musings on the ever so pertinent issue of Migration as it found expression in the literature of his time and their implication for reflection on the same issue in more recent times. Importance is given to the role of political and artistic movements of the period such as Futurism and their legacy for present day life. Parallels are drawn between Gramsci’s cultural views and those of later thinkers such as Raymond Williams, Stuart Hall and Henry A. Giroux who often adopt a Gramscian lens in their economic-social-cultural analysis. The core theme of this paper is the influence of culture and cultural workers/intellectuals in the process of social transformation.

This paper assesses the dangers of the use of the concept ‘culture’ in present political and educational rhetoric. The first section offers a critique of the use of the term ‘culture’ in the so-called intercultural educational efforts. It asserts that ‘culture’ in its present use is a proxy for ‘race’ and supports views, which ignore diversity and suggest, purposely or not, an homogeneity which can easily spread into the sphere of biological resemblances and differences. The paper, then, identifies possible alternative understandings of culture through the examination of the contribution of anthropology to cultural research. In the last section of the paper suggestions are made to overcome current approaches to intercultural education through a call to diversify the understanding of diversity to include not only ethnic/cultural differences but also, physical, and cognitive ones. To achieve this goal a turn to the ontological and the training of teachers as ‘critical experts of design’ is suggested.

El artículo muestra, a partir del análisis de libros de texto de educación musical para la enseñanza primaria, los valores, estereotipos, esquemas mentales y significados que se transmiten en el curriculum no siempre de un modo consciente o regulado. El objetivo es analizar qué modelos culturales se transmiten, cuáles son los espacios de silencio, qué ausencias y por el contrario qué presencias son reforzadas y transmitidas con el uso de estos materiales curriculares. El artículo consta, en primer lugar de una introducción al estado de este campo de investigación mostrando la relevancia y oportunidad de esta problematización del currículum. Se trata de una investigación de carácter cualitativo que usa el análisis del contenido y del discurso como herramientas metodológicas. Posteriormente se exponen los resultados de la categoría Representaciones Culturales organizados en las subcategorías siguientes: género, mirada eurocéntrica, culturas y tradiciones populares y relación con el entorno. El análisis de los libros de texto nos alerta sobre el dominio de la hegemonía cultural androcéntrica y la reproducción de miradas eurocéntricas que no han superado el colonialismo y el patriarcado, tratando las culturas minorizadas y populares propias del entorno de los niños y las niñas desde el exotismo y el distanciamiento. Se concluye señalando la relevancia de este tipo de investigaciones para comprender los efectos culturales implícitos en la presentación del currículum en los materiales de uso en las aulas. /// The research paper shows, from the analysis of the musical education textbooks for primary education, the values, stereotypes, mental schemes and meanings that are transmitted in the curriculum not always in a conscious or regulated way. The objective is to analyse what cultural models are transmitted, what are the spaces of silence, what absences and on the contrary what presences are reinforced and transmitted with the use of these curricular materials. The article consists, first of all, of an introduction to the state of this field of research showing the relevance and opportunity of this problematization of the curriculum. It is a qualitative research that uses content and discourse analysis as methodological tools. Secondly, the results of the category Cultural Representations are presented. This category is organized in the following subcategories: gender, Eurocentric gaze, popular cultures and traditions and relationship with the environment. The analysis of textbooks alerts us to the dominance of androcentric cultural hegemony and the reproduction of Eurocentric views that have not overcome colonialism and patriarchy, making a distant an exotic treatment of minority cultures and popular cultures closers to children's environment. This paper concludes with the relevance of this type of research to understand the cultural effects implicit in the presentation of the curriculum in the materials used in the classroom.

This paper explores the major role of suicide in the cultural criticism deployed by 19th century Spanish doctors by analysing the most important theoretical models that inspired their contributions to its aetiology. In the first half of the century, the most commonly debated causal factor was the passions, which were thought to stand in a permanent tension with a free, reflexive and conscious self, in accordance with the spiritualist doctrine that was then dominant. In the context of a growing somatisation of moral and intellectual phenomena, the notion of suicide as an act of free will was later modified, and it became considered the consequence of certain organic disturbances. However, this process did not alter the central role of suicidal behaviour within 19th-century cultural criticism, because the advent of degeneration theory meant that doctors finally had a doctrine that allowed them to combine biological determinism with the extended perception of a moral and social crisis threatening the stability and achievements of bourgeois society.

This paper forms part of the results of the ongoing doctoral thesis with the title Resilience and intellectual disability in residential environments using life stories. From a narrative and inclusive biographical approach, we delve deeper into the life history of four people who have been diagnosed with intellectual disability and who live in a residential environment in the city of Malaga (Spain). The field work was carried out using semi-structured and in-depth biographical interviews. The analysis reveals one of the conceptions that is a priority in this paper: the “social image” of disability, structured in three main areas for the purposes of this article: “the image of disability from social culture and identity”, “the image of disability from close contexts” and, lastly, “subversive experiences to the image of disability from inside”. In conclusion, there is a commitment to continue generating another social image of disability based on a more social and inclusive paradigm.

This paper presents the sociological research carried out among Polish and Ukrainian students concerning the importance of family within their life. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the differences and similarities in the perception of this fundamental group unit of society. The research was conducted at a unique time, as it was during the ongoing period where Ukraine has been a country at war, in addition to the epidemic outbreak of COVID-19. It was assumed that these special circumstances as well as the cultural differences would influence the perception of marriage and family. In a threatening situation, a person can change their former value system, priorities, and the most important life goals. In addition, the observed social and cultural changes that are taking place in both countries - albeit not at the same time and to the same extent - affect the way young people see their vision of the world, and in particular in what family model they would like to spend their future, and also whether they think about starting a family at all.

This paper discusses the controversial “Be Stupid” advertising campaign by Diesel, recipient of the Grand Prix Lion at the Cannes International Advertising Festival (2010). Banned in some countries for its potentially negative impact on children, this campaign employs theatrical staging combined with provocative slogans, such as “Stupid Might Fail. Smart Doesn’t Even Try.” Illustrated with orginal images inspired by Diesel, the paper refers to prominent theorists and artists (from Derrida to Warhol) to consider the complex (and productive) relationship between translation and performance.

Beliefs and attitudes positives toward domestic violence are one of the risks factors for his occurrence. Among his most studied predictors are gender, gender role attitudes or educational level. In this paper, domestic violence beliefs and attitudes are analysed in 1395 university students. "Inventory of Thoughts Distorted on the Woman and the Violence" (Echeburúa and Fernández-Montalvo, 1997) and "Inventory of Social Desirability" by Crowne and Marlowe (Form C, Reynolds, 1982) were administrated. Boys and students without specific formation about this subject show more positive beliefs and attitudes toward domestic violence. Though social desirability introduces some limitations, these results suggest the importance of incorporating matters on this subject in the curriculum of university students in general and, especially, in future professional that will work with these groups.

The terms ‘gang’ and ‘culture’ are used with varying degrees of (im)precision in different fields of academe, media, public, and policy; and this paper will contend that this circumstance provides a fertile ground for the reification of these two concepts. It will suggest that this phenomenon of reification has already taken hold in various parts of the study of gangs more recently, and in cultural criminology in a more established way. This paper will deconstruct the concepts ‘gang’ and ‘culture’ and attempt to reconstruct them in a way that opens up the discourse of ‘gangs’ and ‘culture’ such that better sense may be made of the phenomena that these terms are intended to evoke. Los terminos "banda" y "cultura" se usan con diferentes grados de (im)precisión en distintos ámbitos del mundo académico, medios de comunicación, público y política. En este artículo se defiende que esta circunstancia ofrece un campo fértil para la cosificación de estos dos conceptos. Se sugiere que este fenómeno de cosificación ya ha arraigado de diversa forma en los estudios de bandas recientes, y en la criminología cultural de forma más consolidada. Este artículo deconstruye los conceptos "banda" y "cultura" e intenta reconstruirlos de forma que se abra el discurso sobre "bandas" y "cultura" para tener una sensación mejor del fenómeno que estos términos intentan evocar. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2875344

This paper describes the influence of the piemontese culture on food practices of students living in Piamonte, Santa Fe, Argentina. Food practices of 96 students with Piamontese ancestry (PA) (n = 57) and without Piamontese ancestry (No-PA) (n = 39) were studied along 2002 using a self-administered questionnare. Data were analysed by Chi square test, Fisher's exact test, multiple correspondance analysis and logistic regression. Consumption of bagna cauda (p < 0.05) and polenta (p < 0.1) were higher among PA. Differences on the elaboration of polenta and pasta were found: PA add them cheese (p < 0.05) and cream (p < 0.05) whereas no-PA make use of meat (p < 0.05) and tomato sauce (p < 0.05), respectively. The frequency of consumption of traditional Piamontese meals and the role of the mother in the purchase, the elaboration and the serving of the food were similar on both groups. In conclusion, food practices of Piamontese's descendants recall the food culture of their ancestry with some reasonable adaptations to the local context.

To get a closer approach to the concept of health, this paper reviews the ideas, beliefs, and perceptions about health that have been accepted by Eastern and Western cultures. Health conceptions by philosophers, physicians, and thinkers are presented, particularly as they relate to substances, forces, and elementary biological principles of the human body that determine human life and fate. Analysis of these conceptions makes it possible to recognize different definitions of health as a status of balance, harmony, and equity. On the contrary, disease has been defined with the antonyms of health words. The ecological theory of "resilience" may be useful to analyze the adaptive capacity of ecosystems and to suggest ideas for physiological research on processes leading the human body to a new status of balance with the external environment, and thus define the blurring boundaries between health and disease.

Roman culture outlived its empire in the West. Any study aiming to assess its relevance in the medieval period must consider that related conceptions and cultural features may change over time. A significantly different definition may have applied to medieval periods compared to what we know from the time of the Roman Principate. This paper studies Roman culture in the Ottonian world by considering the significance and role attributed to the culture of the Roman past and the Byzantine present. The first section focuses on cultural elements related to politics and the exertion of power, the second deals with Roman culture in the material heritage, and the third discusses related non-material aspects. The study argues that although the Ottonians called themselves emperors of a Roman empire, elements that may have been conceived as Roman or were related to the Byzantine world were far from abundant and largely limited to the court. The Roman empire was part of their western heritage, while Roman and Byzantine models represented the sole known sets of adequate examples or sources of inspiration to represent western emperorship. These models had already been adopted and adapted by the Carolingians, who remained an important reference among their imperial successors. Still, while influences from Byzantine court culture were present at the Ottonian court, monastic and popular Byzantine culture was largely absent from the Ottonian world. .

This paper presents part of the research “Pelotas Typographic Landscapes: An exploratory study of the typography in the urban space”. The study aims to investigate the different occurrences of typographic landscapes in certain urban areas of the city of Pelotas / RS to better understanding of typography as a historical and cultural information. The research is based on studies of ‘typographic landscapes’ that have been developed in recent years in several Brazilian cities, which presents methods for collecting, processing and analysis of typography data in the urban space. Therefore, the methodology adopted is based on the indications of investigative process already started in this field, such as the establishment of routes and field research records, making adaptations necessary to context. This paper presents samples of survey from two typographical categories performed in a specific region, in addition to the proposed adjustment to the structure of cataloguing and analysis record.

The paper aims to design and apply a Knowledge Management (KM) model within the context of a Higher Education (HE) institution in Mexico. The model is composed of six enablers: leadership, culture, structure, human resources, information technologies and measurement, which facilitate the processes of knowledge creation, storage, transfer and application. A 53-question survey applied to thirty-six (36) people allowed to evaluate the degree of development and implementation of knowledge enablers and processes. Objectivity, reliability and overall model fit were assessed. The application of the Model serves to highlight the core role that cultural, human and structural aspects play in Knowledge Management processes. Whereas Information Technologies are the least influential to Knowledge Management processes. This paper was limited to examine the perceptions of the Board of Directors of a single university. It is yet to be tested in other institutions. Moreover, the resulting model can be used as an assessment tool in Higher Education Institutions to identify the key elements during a KM initiative as well as to define actions to obtain the greatest benefits from these initiatives.

Teacher Professional Development” (aka teacher PD) has garnered research attention in recent years. Scholars seek to understand the teacher PD process, while practitioners are interested in deriving policies to facilitate teacher PD. The consensus emerging from the pool of literature is that teacher PD should be “individualized”: more focused on fostering teachers’ personal growth instead of enforcing “standard practices”. The Anglosphere has been leading in the domain of teacher PD, causing many regions to imitate its practices. Using documentary analysis, this paper reviews teacher PD policies in Hong Kong over the past forty years and compares them with practices typically adopted in the Anglosphere. The paper suggests that the PD policies of Hong Kong progressed from ‘solely teacher training’, to ‘emphasis on generic skills’, to ‘lifelong learning’. The concept of ‘Confucian Heritage Culture’ is used to explain the differences between the Angloshpere and Hong Kong in terms of PD practices. Implications for adapting teacher PD practices cross-culturally are discussed.

In spite of the difficulties to define the term "culture" there is agreement with regards to its profound influence in the contemporary social environment of which medicine and psychiatry are important components. Cultural psychiatry studies psychopathology inasmuch as it reflects and it is subjected to the influence of cultural factors within the biopsychosocial context. Its contemporary clinical dimensions cover five fundamental areas: culture as an interpretive/explanatory instrument of human behavior; as a pathogenic/pathoplastic agent; as a diagnostic/nosological factor; as a therapeutic/protective element, and as a tool for management and service delivery. This paper examines the conceptual nature of each of these roles and presents pertinent examples from the clinical literature, away from theoretical lucubrations. The cultural legacy of each and every patient seen by the psychiatrist or any other mental health professional demands serious studies and effective actions at all levels.

The paper aims at drawing a sort of possible history of the generational conflict in Italy from the fifties to the sixties of the twentieth century, with the purpose to present some fundamental conceptual instruments and a documentary basis to build on for further in-depth analysis. Specifically, the paper solicits to meditate on the political-ideological dimension of the working and middle class juvenile aggregations, so to reach, through an interpretative grid, a wider view of how styles and behaviour models change in connection with economic-productive contingencies.

This paper analyzes the origin, development and decline of Mixteca Alta’s agroecological and food system from the end of pre-Hispanic period till capitalism’s introduction, in the context of the Great acceleration which appeared indirectly in this region during the middle of the 20th century, when new roads were opened allowing local populations’emigration towards towns and industrial centers, that lead to the almost complete disapperance of sustainable “solares” (vegetable gardens) and the rapid expansion of food practices different from local diets.

This paper discusses the ways in which the Timorese state has dealt with elements of local governance complexes called kultura. Based on the analysis of recent uses of tara bandu and the organizational dynamics of local power, the text argues that the way in which aspects of local governance complexes have been recognized and incorporated have turned them into means for pacifying, integrating and monopolizing power. At the same time, kultura is used to transpose and internalize modern practices and projects of social organization and subjectivation. The paper discusses the criticism levelled at the politicization of local elections as an expression of agency and resistance on the part of sectors of the rural populations to projects of political co‑optation of their social reproduction dynamics by the Díli‑based national elites.

In the culture of tilapia limited supply and high cost of fish meal have forced nutritionists to consider alternative sources of protein. Due to the importance of the products and by-products in fish feed, this paper aims to show the alternatives that have been used to partially or totally replace fish meal and soybean meal in tilapia growing. This paper showsthe maximum or optimal use of vegetable by-products for tilapia as cottonseed meal, sunflower, canola, soybean and Leucaena. It also deals with the inclusion with agro-industrial by-product such as corn, sorghum, coffee pulp, cocoa, wheat and citrus. The present study also deals with the use of aquatic plants such as Lemna and Azolla, single-celled plant protein source as antibiotics and probiotics. Finally, this paper also refers to animal by-products as silage, manure and earthworm usage. There is a high potential for using plant, livestock and agro-industrial by-products in fresh and processed food for the tilapia, but depending on the product, pretreatment to improve its balance of nutrients or eliminate anti-nutritional factors may be required.

Listen to those silences: translating, communicating and reflecting Entendez-vous dans les montagnes…by Maïssa Bey, in Italian and English Maïssa Bey is a French-speaking Algerian writer whose first works were published in the 1990s, during the "black decade" of the civil war that ravaged Algeria. Algerian people, especially women, of whom the author is an integral part, are the protagonists of her stories and novels that aim to break the silences and censorship, to explore the small stories hidden behind the big story. This article aims to analyse the Italian and English translations of Entendez-vous dans les montagnes..., a novel published in France in 2002 and in Algeria in 2007. The Italian translation, published by Astarte in 2020, is by Barbara Sommovigo, who had already translated Bey’s Puisque mon coeur est mort in 2013, initiating an almost paradigmatic author-translator relationship that allows for an effective approach to a short but complex text like Entendez- vous dans les montagnes... The English translation is by the American Erin Lamm, and is the result of her doctoral thesis, with a clearly more academic intention than the Italian text, whose publishing house Astarte aims to communicate voices from the shores of the Mediterranean. In fact, Bey's work travels between two languages and therefore between two cultures, the French and the Algerian, which intersect in the pages of the story like the lives of the three protagonists. An Algerian woman, an elderly Frenchman and Marie, a young blond woman, meet in the same compartment of a train to evoke memories and thoughts, which lead them to the past and recent history of Algeria, through painful pages among which is evoked the loss of the author's father, killed in 1957 by French soldiers. It is a difficult task for the translators to render this multiplicity of themes and languages from the title: for a French-speaking reader, there is a strong reference to both a line from the Marseillaise and an Algerian patriotic song (Min Djibalina). The Italian title is therefore changed to Dietro quei silenzi…, while the English title is purely literal, Do You Hear in the Mountains... This is just one of the translation choices that will be analysed in this paper, in which the comparison between the strategies and techniques used in the two translation works will be constant, creating a perpetual dialogue with the original text, in the image of the friendship that now exists between the author Maïssa Bey and the two translators.

This paper analyzes the distribution of cinema in the city of Rosario (Argentina) during the interwar period, focusing on the construction of cultural discourses, practices and relations. The paper explores representations, made by various agents, of cinema and the strategies of social and cultural discipline set regarding the films and the audience. Censorship and the disciplinary mechanisms are studied in light of their forms of production and reproduction in the urban social space, trying to (r)establish its sociological historicity.

This paper covers two main areas. The fi rst area is an analysis of the various facets of heritage, cultural tourism and tourist encounter with other cultures in terms of culture-bound tourist gaze, a simplifi ed, generalised and necessarily distorted model of ‘the Other’. The model of perception is culture itself, and is discussed in terms of 3 macro levels: heritage; the practices and traditions of a people; and the system of internal values and beliefs that both form the model of reality and guide it. Secondly, the paper focuses on translation and Outsider interpretation. It reveals how little emphasis is given either to translator language or to cultural competence, and focuses on the problems of mediating for the culture-bound tourist gaze.

The paper focuses on nature and culture in a post-apocalyptic world, which becomes devoid of life and culture and poses a question of further existence of nature in the world. The works of the Latvian writer Gundega Repše and the American writer Cormac McCarthy are analysed in a comparative way to see how nature, set on a bleak stage with the only decoration of empty houses, can give a promise of further existence. Do the two works make it possible to answer the question of existence at its turning point: ‘How many people does this world need to be a fully natural and cultural place to inhabit?’ The paper tackles this issue from the perspective of ecofeminism and ecocriticism.

Gomorra – La serie (2014 - ongoing) is a television series which approaches the standards of the so-called “quality television” (McCabe & Akass 2007), thanks to its cinematographic properties and because it is capable of forming cross-media fictional universes. This paper sets out to analyze this product and its potential of transmedia storytelling. Through the analysis of the related works on fictional seriality and post-seriality, the paper deals with the genesis of Gomorra – La serie, analyzing the ties with the book by Roberto Saviano and with the film by Matteo Garrone. The observation also extends to the audiences of this serial and its grassroot manipulations – fanfiction, fanvideo, tributes, parodies and citations – which circulate through social media as an expression of the participatory culture of digital media.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a complexidade da concepção de patrimônio, principalmente em suas relações com a educação e o processo de ensino-aprendizagem na escola. No primeiro momento, temos contribuições sobre a questão da cultura no currículo, trazidas pelos teóricos da teoria crítica do currículo. Depois, são trazidos os aportes teóricos de Jeudy e Vigotski, que colaboram, respectivamente, em explicitar a ampliação da concepção de patrimônio, bem como a relevância de se pensar a cultura dos contextos sociais como elemento importante para o processo de ensino- aprendizagem. O diálogo realizado neste trabalho pretende contribuir para a ampliação da concepção de patrimônio, refletindo seu potencial e colaboração junto aos processos de ensino-aprendizagem.This paper aims at discussing the complexity of the conception of patrimony, mainly in its relations with education and the process of learning and teaching in the school. At first, we present contributions on the subject of culture in the curriculum, brought out by the theoreticians of the critical theory of curriculum. Afterwards, some theoretical contributions of Jeudy and Vygotsky are given which collaborate, respectively, in making explicit the broadening of the conception of patrimony, as well as the relevance of thinking culture in the social contexts as an important element in the process of teaching and learning. The dialogue carried out in the paper pretends to contribute to the widening of the conception of patrimony, reflecting its potential and collaboration together with the teaching and learning process.

Este texto introduce los antecedentes históricos de las actuales confrontaciones y negociaciones entre Taiwán, llamada Formosa (" la isla hermosa" en portugués) y el continente, es decir las relaciones con Portugal y Holanda, con los sobrevivientes de la dinastía de Ming y de la dinastía de Qing (1644-1911), con Japón, y Estados Unidos. Los intereses extranjeros han complicado el controlo sobre Taiwán. Se incluye también una consideración de la relación de la Republica Nacionalista China y de la República Popular Comunista China. El debate sobre cultura, la economía y el control político entre estas dos entidades políticas es una preocupación por la actual legitimidad de ambas entidades. Por otra parte, los desafíos de la globalización complican el cuadro en que la convergencia impar de la convergencia económica y cultural con tensiones políticas puede ser representante de los conflictos que encontraremos en este siglo. El artículo considera los lazos económicos, culturales, y tecnológicos que continúan atando Taiwán y el continente a pesar de diferencias serias y se cierra con una pequeña consideración de las posibilidades de una solución pacífica de largo plazo.______________ABSTRACT:This paper introduces the historical background of the present confrontations and negotiations between Taiwan and the mainland in terms of Formosa’s ("the beautiful island" in Portuguese) convoluted relations with the Portugal and Holland, survivors of the Ming dynasty, the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Japan, and the United States. The foreign interests who have had control of Taiwan make its sovereignty more complex. A consideration of the relationship of the Nationalist Republic of China and the Communist People’s Republic of China is also included. The debate on culture, economics and political control between their two political entities is informed past events, and a concern for the present legitimacy of both entities. Moreover, the challenges of globalization further complicate the picture in that the odd convergence of economic and cultural convergence with political tensions may be representative of the conflicts we will encounter in this century. The paper considers the economic, cultural, and technological ties that continue to bind Taiwan and the mainland despite serious differences and closes with a short consideration of possibilities for a long-term peaceful solution.

Scale has recently entered social anthropology as both a unit of analysis and a heuristic tool. This paper highlights the applicability to the anthropology of tourism of what has been identified as “projects of scale-making” by Tsing (2000) and respective “modes of incorporation” by Glick Schiller, Caglar and Guldbrandsen (2006). Because tourism is one of the central industries shaping present-day understandings of what is global and what is local, scale as a theoretical and methodological tool is ideally suited to study this field. Central concerns of anthropological research on tourism, such as the industry’s political economy, its influence on the perception of landscapes and culture as well as the problematic notion of authenticity, are reconsidered. We argue that central shortcomings of the globalisation debate, such as a teleologically-minded futurism, euphemistic notions of economic circulation and conflations of mundane and scientific debates, shape both the tourism industry and too many anthropological studies on tourism. In light of the contributions collected in this dossier this paper instead develops an analytical framework that highlights the hidden relations of production in tourism economies and the impacts of projects of scale-making on the construction of landscapes and culture.A escala foi recentemente incorporada na antropologia social como unidade de análise e ferramenta heurística. Este artigo centra-se naquilo que Tsing (2000) definiu como “projectos de configuração de escala” e nos respectivos “modos de incorporação” tal como explorados por Glick Schiller, Caglar e Guldbrandsen (2006), destacando a sua aplicabilidade à antropologia do turismo. Na medida em que o turismo é uma das indústrias centrais para a configuração das ideias actuais acerca do que é global e do que é local, a escala, enquanto instrumento teórico e metodológico, adequa-se de forma ideal ao estudo deste campo. Aspectos nucleares da pesquisa antropológica sobre o turismo, como a economia política desta indústria, a sua influência na percepção de paisagens e culturas, ou ainda a controversa noção de autenticidade, são aqui reconsiderados. Defendemos que as principais falhas do debate sobre a globalização, como o futurismo de fundo teleológico, as noções eufemísticas sobre a circulação económica e a mistura entre debates científicos e comuns, informam, simultaneamente, a indústria turística e demasiados estudos antropológicos sobre o turismo. Em alternativa, e à luz das contribuições reunidas neste dossiê, este artigo desenvolve um quadro analítico que destaca as relações de produção ocultas nas economias turísticas e o impacte de projectos de configuração de escala na construção de paisagens e culturas.

Based on Mozambique’s post-independence armed conflict (1976-1992), this paper examines several issues linked with culture’s role as a mediator in the experience of war and post-war, paying particular attention to spiritual purification rituals. The author argues that these rituals played an important role in the process of the rehabilitation, reintegration and social reconciliation of combatants returning from the war, as well as for Mozambique’s societies in general. The paper also explores the potentials and limitations of these rituals.

This paper approaches one of the issues that Charles Taylor proposes as he describes and figures out the genesis of modern identity; the one that explores the relationship between collective and individual identities. The modern idea of being or having a self leads to the notion of inner nature. However, it comes to a self that cannot be fully articulated and that only from a web of interlocution with others can be defined. Thus Taylor examines omnipresent ideals of which we are not aware about right and freedom; this search leads him to the issue of background languages. Without refusing the idea of individuality, he looks for which remains as a fundamental value for the human condition, which ultimately makes our perspective one among other perspectives. Finally, combining Taylor, the Freudian concept of culture, and the thin line between individual and collective psychology, the paper analyzes the concepts of perplexity, horror, and break-in, invoking authors like the ethno-psychoanalyst T. Nathan and A. Sampson

The main thrust of this paper is to analyze selected marital proverbs in Idoma. These are proverbs which relate to issues in marriage and that directly and indirectly apply to other situations in human life. It discusses the functional appreciation of each proverb and the lesson that an individual or the community stands to gain from these proverbs. Ten Idoma marital proverbs are translated and analyzed from the functional point of view. In this light, the paper examines appropriate application of the proverbs with focus on the lessons derived from each. Marital proverbs are applicable in varying situations in the family and the society in general. Such situations are in relationships between men and women, children in the family and in the community siblings, friends, relations and neighbours. This suggests therefore that marital proverbs are useful in many situations in and outside the family, as well as in the community at large and can be applied in situations of misunderstanding for amicable resolutions.

Translation is not merely a mater of linguistics. The major goal of the present paper is to investigate the relationship between ‘culture’ and ‘translation’. To this end, the researcher drew on a corpus from English and Persian languages. The findings indicated that although different languages, like English and Persian, employ different linguistic forms, this variety cannot be considered as a real challenge. Since during the process of translation, source text’s container (i.e. form) usually undergoes a sort of lexical, phonological, graphological and grammatical change, and source text’s content (i.e. meaning) is logically required to be held constant, accurate understanding of ST meaning and natural rendition into TL depends on the translator’s deep acquaintance with both TL and SL cultures. Resorting to a descriptive equivalent or using explanatory notes would be of great help for accurate rendition and would, consequently, lead to a deep and clear understanding of the TT on the part of the target audiences.

Com vistas ao aclaramento de noções erroneamente herdadas do contexto social e histórico da cultura moderna ocidental, que teve/tem como um de seus projetos o "apagamento" do sujeito, ou o distanciamento entre os sujeitos e suas formas de fazer, dizer, pensar, este artigo pretende contribuir com elementos para a construção de um outro paradigma nas ciências humanas. Trata-se de um relato sobre o processo de construção de nossa própria pesquisa, articulado à reflexão sobre as diversas formas de fazer-dizer, que trabalharemos na forma de uma aproximação do processo possível, na academia, do relato do cineasta Walter Salles sobre o processo de construção do filme Central do Brasil. Como pressuposto fundamental, o resgate de uma visão que aproxima os sujeitos de seus fazeres-dizeres, na forma dos rastros que deixamos - que nos permitem resgatar de forma indiciária os processos - e legitimamos, como parte constitutiva dos fazeres-dizeres.This paper aims at contributing to the development of a new paradigm in the social sciences. To do so, it attempts to clarify notions inherited - and maybe wrongly misinterpreted in the process - from the social and historical context of modern western culture. The notions to be clarified are related to one of modern western culture's projects, namely, the "obliteration" of the subject and the establishing of differences between subjects and their many ways of doing, saying and thinking. The paper reports on the process of developing our own research work and articulates it with a reflection about the several ways of doing-saying. It builds on a possible approximation between academically acceptable processes of doing-saying and the account, by the film director Walter Salles, of his making of the movie Central do Brasil. Finally, it emphasizes the view that links people to their doings and sayings, understood as "traces" that remain - and thus allow us to reconstruct the processes through marks - and that we legitimate, as constitutive parts of the doings and sayings associated with the many rationalities intimately linked to people's experiences and practices in/through culture.

CULTURAL INDUSTRIES IN THE LISBON METROPOLITAN AREA: LOCATION FEATURES AND IMPLICATIONS ON URBAN POLICIES - This paper aims to examine the current situation and the recent development of cultural industries in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area in view of the increasing international interest in this area.Two main conclusions emerged from the analysis. Firstly, we concluded that cultural industries are steadily increasing, showing rates above the Lisbon Metropolitan Area avarage in other industries. Secondly, a high degree of concentration of activities and jobs could also be observed mainly within the city of Lisbon. However one of the most important trends of the sector in recent years has been the deconcentration of activities with the development of different specialisations in the peripheral areas. The implications of this on urban policies are analysed in the last section of this paper.