63 results on '"Bello S"'
Search Results
2. Daño pulmonar asociado al uso de cigarrillos electrónicos-vapeadores
- Author
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Sergio Bello S.
- Subjects
medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,vapeadores ,dejar de fumar ,Sistemas electrónicos de administración de nicotina ,Outbreak ,General Medicine ,Lung injury ,World health ,Nicotine ,Bronchoalveolar lavage ,Lung disease ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Smoking cessation ,Daño pulmonar ,Acetato de Vitamina E ,Young adult ,business ,Fumadores ,Tetrahidrocanabinoides ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Resumen Ha habido mucha discusión sobre los efectos dañinos para la salud producidos por los cigarrillos electrónicos o vapeadores y su utilidad como ayuda para dejar de fumar. Cada vez aparecen más publicaciones con efectos deletéreos sobre la salud. Esta discusión se ha acentuado en los últimos años, por el importante aumento del uso de los vapeadores en todo el mundo, especialmente entre los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. En septiembre de 2019 el Centro de Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) de los EE. UU. alertó sobre un importante número de casos de enfermedad pulmonar asociada al uso de cigarrillo electrónico (EVALI: e-cigarette or vaping associated lung injury). Epidemiológicamente se consideró un brote que al 17 de enero, 2020 ha presentado 2.668 pacientes hospitalizados, con 57 fallecidos. Durante la semana del 15 de septiembre 2019 ocurrió el ‘peak’ de hospitalizaciones por EVALI. La mayoría eran varones jóvenes. El 82% usó productos con Tetrahidrocanabinoides (THC) y el 14% productos con nicotina. En el lavado bronquio-alveolar de 51 casos de EVALI se encontró la presencia de acetato de Vitamina E, producto utilizado como espesante para la elaboración de productos de ‘vapeo’ que contienen THC, lo que lo hace un posible factor causal, pero no se puede descartar el papel de otros compuestos tóxicos. Las principales sociedades científicas del mundo y la OMS han advertido de los riesgos a largo plazo del uso de los cigarrillos electrónicos y recomiendan su control y regulación.
- Published
- 2020
3. El ensayo inmunofluorometrico (FIA) en la medicion de testosterona en caprinos
- Author
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Soto C., Héctor E., González B., Bernardo H., López M., Gustavo, Contreras, Ignacio, Bello S., Ángel C., and Merchán, Víctor
- Published
- 2001
4. Productos de tabaco calentado con especial referencia a IQOS
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Bello S., Sergio
- Subjects
productos de tabaco ,Nicotine ,behavior addictive ,Tabaco ,Smokers ,Nicotina ,Tobacco ,Chemical and drug induced liver injury ,fumadores ,tobacco products ,daño hepático inducido por químicos y drogas ,conducta adictiva - Abstract
Resumen Los Productos de Tabaco Calentado (PTC) son nuevos dispositivos de consumo de tabaco que se presentan como un producto de reducción del daño. El más difundido es IQOS de Philip Morris. En el aerosol de IQOS se detectan sustancias tóxicas en menor cantidad y concentración que las detectadas en el humo del cigarrillo convencional, a excepción de algunas. Estas sustancias son capaces de producir enfermedad, con alteración de las células del epitelio bronquial y del endotelio vascular y podría producir nuevos daños, como hepato-toxicidad. La cantidad de nicotina de IQOS es muy similar a los cigarrillos convencionales, por lo que es tan adictivo como el cigarrillo normal. La concentración de sustancias tóxicas emitidas al medio ambiente es menor que las del cigarrillo convencional, pero hay riesgo para la salud de los no fumadores expuestos. La mayoría de las personas usan los PTC como complemento a los cigarrillos convencionales, no como alternativa, transformándose en fumadores duales. IQOS puede crear nuevas generaciones adictas a la nicotina, además de renormalizar el consumo de tabaco en la sociedad. Muchas Sociedades Médicas de Enfermedades Respiratorias en el mundo se han manifestado en contra del uso de los PTC, y han propuesto que deben regirse bajo las mismas políticas regulatorias que se aplican a todos los productos de tabaco, en línea con lo establecido por el Convenio Marco de Control del Tabaco de la OMS. Heated Tobacco Products (HTP) are new tobacco consumption devices that are presented as a harm reduction product. The most widespread is IQOS by Philip Morris. In the IQOS aerosol, toxic substances are detected in a smaller amount and concentration than those detected in conventional cigarettes, with the exception of some of them. These substances are able of inducing disease. They could modify bronchial epithelial cells and vascular endothelium and could cause additional damages, such as hepatotoxicity The amount of nicotine in IQOS is very similar to conventional cigarettes, so it is as addictive as a normal cigarette. The concentration of toxic substances emitted to the environment is lower than those of conventional cigarettes, but there is a health's risk of exposed non-smokers. Most people use HTP as a complement to conventional cigarettes, not as an alternative, becoming dual smokers. IQOS can create new generations addicted to nicotine, in addition to renormalize the tobacco's use in society. Many Medical Societies of Respiratory Diseases around the world have manifested against the use of HTP, and have proposed that they should be subject to the same regulatory policies that applied to all tobacco products, in line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
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- 2019
5. Guías chilenas de práctica clínica de tratamiento del tabaquismo, 2017
- Author
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Valdivia C., Gonzalo and Bello S., Sergio
- Published
- 2017
6. Tratamiento Grupal Intensivo del Tabaquismo
- Author
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Bello S., Sergio and Chamorro R., Haydée
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Dejar de fumar ,psicoterapia de grupo ,counseling ,consejería ,Smoking cessation ,Psychotherapy group ,motivational interviewing ,entrevista motivacional - Abstract
Resumen Se describe la metodología utilizada en el Instituto Nacional del Tórax para el tratamiento del tabaquismo, modalidad grupal. Se realizan 7 sesiones semanales, donde se utilizan los principios de la Entrevista Motivacional. Hay una primera etapa de preparación (3 sesiones), se fija día D y luego 4 sesiones de acompañamiento, manejo del síndrome de privación, prevención de recaídas y mantención de la abstinencia. We describe the methodology used at the Instituto Nacional del Tórax for smoking cessation, group therapy. We carried out 7 weekly sessions, where the principles of the Motivational Interview are used. There is a first stage of preparation (3 sessions), fixed D-day and then 4 sessions of follow up, for the management of deprivation syndrome, relapse prevention and maintenance of abstinence.
- Published
- 2017
7. Consejeria en alimentación, actividad fÍsica y tabaco: Instrumento fundamental en la practica profesional
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Salinas C, Judith, Bello S, Sergio, Chamorro R, Haydee, and Gonzalez G, Carmen Gloria
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estrategia 5A y 5R ,counseling in feeding ,physical activity ,5A and 5R strategy ,etapas de cambio ,stages of change ,actividad física ,motivational interviewing ,tobacco ,consejería en alimentación ,tabaco ,entrevista motivacional - Abstract
El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una actualización de los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos de la consejería y la evidencia sobre su eficacia, relacionándola con la práctica de los equipos de salud y analizando los desafíos futuros. Se describen las bases teóricas, las orientaciones de política del Ministerio de Salud de Chile, las estrategias recomendadas a nivel internacional y los aportes de los participantes de un programa de capacitación realizado por el INTA con 312 profesionales (nutricionistas, kinesiólogos y odontólogos en su mayoría). Se presenta el análisis de las condiciones en la Atención Primaria de Salud para implementar la consejería en alimentación, actividad física y tabaco en forma sistemática. Se discute la necesidad de adoptar medidas para el mejoramiento de la práctica y su contribución a un abordaje preventivo de los graves problemas de sedentarismo, obesidad y tabaquismo en la población chilena. The aim of this article was to present an update of the theorical and methodological foundations of counseling and evidence of their effectiveness, relating to the practice of health teams and analyzing future challenges. It is described, the theorical basis, the policy directions of the Chilean Ministry of Health, the international recommended strategies and the contributions of the participants in a training program conducted by INTA with 312 professionals (nutritionists, physiotherapists and dentists mostly). The analysis of the conditions in the Primary Health Care, to implement systematically nutrition, physical activity and tobacco counseling is presented. The need to improve the practice and its contribution to a preventive approach to serious problems of physical inactivity, obesity and smoking in the Chilean population is discussed.
- Published
- 2016
8. Estudio de las percepciones y actitudes del personal de una unidad hospitalaria frente a enfermos terminales
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BELLO S, SERGIO, VERGARA V, PATRICIA, O'RYAN S, LORETO, ALFARO B, ANA MARÍA, and ESPINOSA S, AMELIA
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psychological and spiritual needs of patients ,end of life care ,muerte ,Humanización ,necesidades psicológicas y espirituales de los pacientes ,Humanization - Abstract
Enmarcado en el objetivo de promover la humanización de la salud en el Instituto Nacional del Tórax, este trabajo se propuso realizar un estudio descriptivo exploratorio de tipo cualitativo con la finalidad de conocer las funciones, percepciones, valores y actitudes del personal de la Unidad Médico Quirúrgico Respiratorio ante los pacientes que viven su proceso de muerte en el hospital. Nos interesaba también, identificar las fortalezas, carencias y necesidades sentidas por el equipo de trabajo en la atención de estos pacientes terminales y en el tratamiento que se realiza con el cuerpo del fallecido. Esta información permitirá implementar medidas que ayuden a dignificar la muerte en esta Unidad. Se realizaron un total de 26 entrevistas semiestructuradas, correspondientes a un 65% de los funcionarios que laboran en esta Unidad. Los participantes califican su trabajo como "bueno" especialmente en el control de síntomas físicos del paciente y atención a la familia. Reconocen sin embargo, que hay otras necesidades, especialmente las psicológicas y espirituales que no se atienden con excelencia, como consecuencia de la escasa preparación recibida para enfrentar y resolver situaciones de alto contenido emocional y establecer una comunicación terapéutica con el paciente. In order to promote the humanization of health at the National Institute of Thorax, this work is proposed to make a descriptive and exploratory study of qualitative type with the intention of knowing the functions, perceptions, values and attitudes of the staff of the Respiratory Medical Surgical Unit to faced of the patients who live their process of death in hospital. We are also interested in to identifying strengths, weaknesses and needs felt by the team in caring for these terminal ill patients and the treatment use with the body of the deceased. This information will implement measures that will help to dignify the death in this Unit. It is based on 26 interviews (65%) of the staff who work in this unit. Interviewees described her/his work as "good" especially in the control of physical symptoms of the patient and family care issues. They admit, however, there are other needs, especially the psychological and spiritual, that they not serve very well. This is the result of a poor training received to resolve high emotional situations and to establish a therapeutic communication with the patient.
- Published
- 2009
9. Contribución de los pagos por servicios ambientales (PSA) en la restauración de bosques secundarios en Hojancha, Costa Rica
- Author
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Murakami Bello, S.
- Subjects
COSTA RICA ,SERVICIOS ,INDICADORES ECONOMICOS ,SOSTENIBILIDAD - Abstract
Tesis (M. Sc) -- IICA, Turrialba (Costa Rica), 2008 El Pago por Servicios Ambientales (PSA) fue creado como un instrumento financiero que pretende darle sostenibilidad a la conservación y mantenimiento de la cobertura forestal del país, basado en la hipótesis de que el bosque será mejor protegido y mantenido si los dueños reciben una compensación por los servicios que los bosques brindan a la sociedad. Partiendo de este hecho, el estudio planteó evaluar la contribución de los PSA como un mecanismo para la protección y restauración de bosques secundarios, a partir de indicadores ecológicos, económicos y ambientales de los bosques secundarios de Hojancha, Costa Rica. El estudio revelo que hasta el momento no se han logrado detectar diferencias en los indicadores ecológicos: estructura, composición, riqueza diversidad entre los bosques, ni en la composición, riqueza y diversidad en las poblaciones de aves debido a la aplicación del PSA. Tampoco se encontraron diferencias significativas en la cantidad de carbono almacenado en la vegetación secundaria evaluada, por la aplicación del PSA. The Payment for Environmental Services (PSA) was created as a financial instrument that intends to give sustainability to the conservation and maintenance of country’s forests, based in the hypothesis that they will be better protected and maintained if owners receive a compensation for the services that forests offer to the society. Based in this fact, the study intended to evaluate the contribution of the PSA as a mechanism for protection and restoration of secondary forests, using ecological,economic and environmental indicators of Hojancha's secondary forest in Costa Rica. The study revealed that until now it has not been able to detect differences in ecological indicators like: structure, composition, riches and diversity between forests, neither in the composition, riches and diversity in birds’ populations due to the PSA's application. Neither was found significant differences in the quantity of carbon stored in the secondary vegetation evaluated by the PSA's application.
- Published
- 2008
10. Tabaquismo y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica: determinación de fracciones atribuibles
- Author
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Amigo C, Hugo, Erazo B, Marcia, Oyarzún G, Manuel, Bello S, Sergio, and Peruga U, Armando
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Smoking, Tobacco ,Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive - Abstract
Background: Smoking is the main risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Aim: To estimate smoking attributable risk and population attributable risk in COPD patients attended in Public Health Services of Santiago. Materials and methods: A case control study matched by sex and age was carried out. Crude and adjusted attributable risks as well as population attributable risk were estimated, controlled by potential confounders and by interaction variables. Results: Mean ages for cases and controls were 68 and 67 years respectively. When compared to the control group, COPD patients had a higher smoking prevalence (at least 100 cigarettes in their life span: 89.7% vs 60.3%; p
- Published
- 2006
11. Valoración del sedimento de orina en pacientes que consultan por dolor abdominal en urgencia
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Alvaro Flores C, Ignacio San Francisco R, Marco Ceroni Va, Javier Domínguez C., Soledad Celis L, and Magdalena Bello S
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Abdominal pain ,hematuria ,urinalysis ,Surgery ,sedimento de orina ,Dolor abdominal - Abstract
Introducción: El sedimento de orina (SO) es un método útil para el diagnóstico de condiciones que se presentan con dolor abdominal. Sin embargo, frecuentemente no es utilizado adecuadamente. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: evaluar el impacto del SO en el diagnóstico diferencial del dolor abdominal, analizar la concordancia entre el diagnóstico y las alteraciones del SO y evaluar si el resultado del SO predijo un cambio de conducta en el manejo del paciente. Material y Método: Se analizó los SO de los pacientes que consultaron por dolor abdominal en nuestro servicio de urgencia durante 30 días consecutivos (Abril de 2005) y se evaluó la concordancia entre la hipótesis diagnóstica y diagnóstico definitivo sugerido por las características del SO mediante test de Kappa. Resultados: Consultaron 6.930 pacientes en el servicio de urgencia durante el periodo de estudio, 1.106 por dolor abdominal, solicitándose SO a 283 pacientes (25,6%). La distribución por sexo de pacientes a quienes se solicitó SO fue: 25,7% hombres, 74,2% mujeres. Las hipótesis diagnósticas realizadas por el cirujano o médico del servicio de urgencia, al momento de solicitar el SO fueron, 10,9% apendicitis, 41,3% dolor abdominal inespecífico, 21,5% cólico renal, 24% ITU, 2,1% otras patologías quirúrgicas. Los patrones del SO fueron, 156/283 (55,1%) normal, 29/283 (10,2%) contaminación, 45/283 (15,9%) ITU y 42/283 (14,8%) hematuria. Al comparar la hipótesis diagnóstica con el diagnóstico de egreso (con el que el paciente fue enviado a su hogar) se encontró un a buena concordancia (índice Kappa= 0,607). Sin embargo, al comparar la hipótesis diagnóstica con el diagnóstico definitivo (diagnóstico real dado por el SO y conducta definitiva como la quirúrgica, por ejemplo apendicitis) se encontró una concordancia marginal (índice Kappa= 0,265). Conclusiones: El SO, es un examen útil, solicitándose frecuentemente para el diagnóstico diferencial del dolor abdominal (25,6%). Sin embargo, en un porcentaje importante no es valorado por el cirujano de urgencia, ya que la hipótesis diagnóstica presenta una buena concordancia con diagnóstico de egreso, sin embargo, una concordancia marginal con el diagnóstico corregido Background: Urinalysis can be helpful in the diagnostic workup of acute abdominal pain. Aim: To assess the value of urinalysis in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients consulting in the emergency room for acute abdominal pain in whom an urinalysis was performed. The concordance between the diagnosis of the causes of abdominal pain and alterations in the urinalysis was evaluated. Results: An urinalysis was requested to 88 males and 247 females of 1106 patients consulting for acute abdominal pain. The test was informed as normal in 62% of patients, as bacterial contamination in 15%, as urinary infection in 14% and as hematuria in 9%. The concordance between the presumptive diagnosis of the cause of abdominal pain made on admission and the diagnosis at discharge had a Kappa of 0.64. However the concordance between the diagnosis suggested by the urinalysis and the discharge diagnosis was low (Kappa= 0.39). Conclusions: In this series of patients with acute abdominal pain, a low concordance between the discharge diagnosis and the diagnosis suggested by the urinalysis, was observed
- Published
- 2006
12. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN ADULTS AND THE ELDERLY: RESULTS OF A PILOT COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
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Leandro Carbullanca L, Judith Salinas C, Magdalena Bello S, Alvaro Flores C, and Mónica Torres G
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chronic diseases ,primary health care ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,health promotion ,promoción de la salud ,physical activity ,atención primaria ,actividad física ,enfermedades crónicas ,Food Science - Abstract
El Ministerio de Salud en convenio con Chile Deportes diseñó, implementó y evaluó un programa piloto de actividad física en 40 consultorios. El objetivo fue desarrollar conductas de vida activa y mejorar calidad de vida de adultos y adultos mayores con patologías crónicas en control en la atención primaria. La intervención consistió en talleres de actividad física grupal, con 3 sesiones semanales durante 8 meses. La evaluación incluyó mediciones seriadas de parámetros nutricionales, actividad física, presión arterial y glicemia. También incluyó cuestionarios sobre satisfacción usuaria, metodología y gestión al término del programa. Se analizaron los datos en 821 participantes los que reunieron un 75% de asistencia y todas las mediciones completas. Se observaron mejorías significativas en la mayoría de los parámetros evaluados y en la condición física. En promedio, los obesos disminuyeron el IMC en 1,14, los hipertensos la PAS en 4,38 mmHg y la PAD en 2,99 mmHg, y los diabéticos la glicemia en 6,75 mg/dL. Al término, un 95,3% se sintieron más ágiles y un 93,1% con mejor salud. Esta intervención fue exitosa tanto en la incorporación de conductas de vida activa como en la reducción de los parámetros ya señalados, permitiendo la recomendación de su replicabilidad The Ministry of Health associated with Chile Deportes designed, implemented and evaluated a physical activity pilot program in 40 Primary Health Care Centers. The objective was to develop active lifestyles and to improve the quality of life in adults and elderly with chronic diseases under control in Primary Health Care. The intervention consisted of group physical activity sessions, 3 times a week during 8 months. The evaluation included serial measurements of nutritional parameters, physical activity, blood pressure and glycemia. It also included questionnaires of user satisfaction, methodology and management at the end of the program. The data of 821 participants, who took part in over 75% of the sessions and had all the measurements, were analyzed. Several statistical improvements were achieved in most of the evaluated parameters and physical condition. In average, BMI decreased in 1.4 kg/m2 in obese participants, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased in 4.38 mm Hg and 2.99 mm Hg respectively in hypertensive patients, and glycemia decreased in 6.75 mg/dL. At the end, a 95.3% of participants felt more dynamic and 93.1% felt healthier. This intervention was successful both in the incorporation of active life behaviors as well as in the reduction of health parameters, allowing the recommendation of its replication
- Published
- 2005
13. Efectos de la exposición al humo de tabaco ambiental en no fumadores
- Author
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BELLO S.,SERGIO, MICHALLAND H.,SUSANA, SOTO I.,MARINA, CONTRERAS N.,CARLA, and SALINAS C.,JUDITH
- Subjects
fumadores pasivos ,Humo de tabaco ambiental ,daños a la salud - Abstract
Se realizó una revisión de los estudios nacionales e internacionales sobre los efectos del humo de tabaco ambiental en la salud de los fumadores pasivos. El humo de tabaco ambiental está conformado por más de 4.000 sustancias químicas, las que difieren cuali y cuantitativamente al estar presentes en la corriente principal o en la lateral. Los no fumadores expuestos presentan un aumento de morbi-mortalidad por enfermedad cardiovascular, incluso con estudios con biomarcadores como cotinina. Además los fumadores pasivos tienen un riesgo aumentado de presentar cáncer de pulmón, de senos paranasales y mama. En niños existe un mayor número de síntomas respiratorios agudos y crónicos, infecciones respiratorias bajas, otitis media y síndrome de muerte súbita infantil. El humo de tabaco ambiental favorece la inducción y exacerbación de asma bronquial en niños y adultos. En la salud reproductiva, disminuye la edad de aparición de la menopausia y produce desórdenes menstruales. Los recién nacidos hijos de madres fumadoras pasivas tienen mayor probabilidad de nacer con bajo peso o de ser pequeños para la edad gestacional. La evidencia científica internacional debe contribuir a que los países tomen medidas para proteger la salud de los no fumadores
- Published
- 2005
14. Encuesta nacional de de tabaquismo en funcionarios de salud
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Bello S, Sergio, Soto I, Marina, Michalland H, Susana, and Salinas C, Judith
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Smoking ,Health care sector ,Health care surveys ,Tobacco use disorder - Abstract
Background: Worldwide, smoking is the main avoidable cause of death among adults. Aim: To study smoking habits among health care workers in Chile. Material and methods: A national survey about smoking among subjects working in the Chilean Ministry of Health. An anonymous and self administered enquiry was used. Results: The enquiry was answered by 20,848 employees, corresponding to 58% of the total universe of workers. There was an overall prevalence of smoking of 40.7%. Sixty four percent of smokers did it daily and their mean consumption was 7 cigarettes per day. Smoking was more common among men than women (43 and 39.6%, respectively). Also, nicotine addiction was also more common among men (16.5 and 11.7%, respectively). The prevalence of smoking decreased along with age. Journalists, guards, students and paramedics had the higher prevalence of smoking. Physicians, teachers and nutritionists had the lower prevalence. Although physicians had the lower frequency of smoking, they had the higher prevalence of nicotine addiction. Forty five percent of smokers were interested in therapies to quit, 69% did not allow smoking at home and 89% agreed with smoking restrictions in work places. Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking among health care workers is similar to that of the general population in Chile (Rev Méd Chile 2004; 134: 223-32)
- Published
- 2004
15. Encuesta nacional de de tabaquismo en funcionarios de salud
- Author
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Bello S,Sergio, Soto I,Marina, Michalland H,Susana, and Salinas C,Judith
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Smoking ,Health care sector ,Health care surveys ,Tobacco use disorder - Abstract
Background: Worldwide, smoking is the main avoidable cause of death among adults. Aim: To study smoking habits among health care workers in Chile. Material and methods: A national survey about smoking among subjects working in the Chilean Ministry of Health. An anonymous and self administered enquiry was used. Results: The enquiry was answered by 20,848 employees, corresponding to 58% of the total universe of workers. There was an overall prevalence of smoking of 40.7%. Sixty four percent of smokers did it daily and their mean consumption was 7 cigarettes per day. Smoking was more common among men than women (43 and 39.6%, respectively). Also, nicotine addiction was also more common among men (16.5 and 11.7%, respectively). The prevalence of smoking decreased along with age. Journalists, guards, students and paramedics had the higher prevalence of smoking. Physicians, teachers and nutritionists had the lower prevalence. Although physicians had the lower frequency of smoking, they had the higher prevalence of nicotine addiction. Forty five percent of smokers were interested in therapies to quit, 69% did not allow smoking at home and 89% agreed with smoking restrictions in work places. Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking among health care workers is similar to that of the general population in Chile (Rev Méd Chile 2004; 134: 223-32)
- Published
- 2004
16. LONG-TERM DOMICILIARY OXYGEN THERAPY, A COMPELLING NEED IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE PATIENTS
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Mirta Morales V., Sergio Bello S., Carmen Luz Naranjo T., and Jeannie Hinrichsen H.
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domiciliary oxygentherapy ,quality of life ,chronic respiratory insufficiency ,General Medicine ,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - Abstract
RESUMEN La EPOC y la insuficiencia respiratoria crónica constituyen un importante problema de salud pública. Está demostrado que la oxigenoterapia domiciliaria a largo plazo mejora la sobrevida y calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Por ello el Instituto Nacional del Tórax organizó en 1984 el Programa de Oxigenoterapia Domiciliaria, con el trabajo de un equipo de profesionales y con una estructura operacionalmente eficiente. Hasta Diciembre 2001 han ingresado al programa 560 pacientes, actualmente 112 de ellos están en el programa. El 67,9% tiene el diagnóstico de EPOC y el 72% presenta insuficiencia respiratoria global. En una cohorte de 118 pacientes estudiados a su ingreso y 1 año después no encontramos diferencias en la gasometría arterial ni en la espirometría. Sí se observó una disminución del número de hospitalizaciones y días cama utilizadas por los pacientes. La calidad de vida evaluada en los primeros 50 pacientes demostró disminución de síntomas angustiosos y depresivos, como también de los elementos de deterioro psico-orgánico. El mayor problema del programa es la lista de espera por la alta demanda de la terapia y los limitados recursos financieros. La oxigenoterapia domiciliaria es un tratamiento efectivo que mejora tanto la sobrevida como la calidad de vida de los enfermos. Es un servicio absolutamente necesario para los pacientes respiratorios crónicos y por la magnitud del problema requeriría de un Programa Nacional de Oxigeno-terapia Domiciliaria Chronic respiratory insufficiency and COPD patients are important public health problems. It has been shown that long-term oxygentherapy improve both survival and quality of life in these patients. On these basis, our institution (Instituto Nacional del Tórax) organized by 1984 a domiciliary oxygentherapy program. The work of a professional team and an operatively efficient structure supported the program. From 1984 to december 2001, 560 patients had been admitted to the program. Presently the program has 112 patients, 67.9% of them are COPD patients; hypercapnic respiratory insufficiency is present in 72% of the 112 patients. In a 118 patients cohort of this program, after one year of oxygen therapy no differences were found in spirometric and arterial blood gases values as compared to their initial control. A decrease in the number of hospital admissions and in the number of hospitalization days was observed in the patients admitted to the program. A decrease of depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as in psyco-organic deterioration, was shown in a quality of life assessment, carried out in the first 50 patients admitted to the program. The patients waiting list is the main program's problem, because of the high number of patients requesting oxygen therapy and the limitation in financial resources. Domiciliary oxygen therapy is an effective treatment that improves patients survival, as well as their quality of life. It is a service absolutely essential for chronic respiratory disease. The magnitude of the problem would request the organization of a Domiciliary Oxygentherapy National Program
- Published
- 2002
17. Comparative study of health care costs for patients using home oxygen therapy or those in waiting lists
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Carmen Luz Naranjo T., César Maquilón O, Héctor Chiong T, Mirtha Díaz V, Paola Lira M, and Sergio Bello S
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Oxygen inhalation therapy ,Home oxygen therapy ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pulmonary disease ,General Medicine ,Surgery ,Ambulatory care facilities ,Waiting list ,Intervention (counseling) ,Oxygen therapy ,Emergency medicine ,Ambulatory ,Health care ,medicine ,Retrospective analysis ,Health care costs ,business - Abstract
Background: Home oxygen therapy is the only intervention that significantly prolongs survival of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Since this therapy is expensive, it is imperative to calculate its cost-benefit ratio. Aim: To compare health care costs for patients in a home oxygen therapy program, with those of a similar group of patients in a waiting list for this therapy. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of 21 patients on home oxygen therapy for 36 months or less and a group of 13 patients in the waiting list during a similar lapse. Medical consultations, drugs delivered and the cost of oxygen therapy were considered among ambulatory costs. Hospitalization costs included the number of days on regular or intermediary care beds, laboratory tests and drugs delivered. Results: The annual health care costs for patients on home oxygen therapy were 709,656 Chilean pesos and the costs for patients in the waiting list were 797,320 Chilean pesos. Conclusions: The overall health care costs of home oxygen therapy are similar to the costs required by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remaining in waiting lists (Rev Med Chile 2001; 129: 1395-403).
- Published
- 2001
18. Humanización y Calidad de los Ambientes Hospitalarios
- Author
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Cedrés de Bello, S
- Subjects
Percepción espacial ,Arquitectura Hospitalaria ,Hospital arquitecture ,Humanización ,Humanization ,Perception espacial - Abstract
En este artículo se discuten los efectos del ambiente físico, sobre la salud y satisfacción de los usuarios de los ambientes hospitalarios, así como también la percepción del ambiente y sus efectos tranquilizadores y terapéuticos en los pacientes. Se señalan algunos criterios de diseño, como son seguridad y privacidad, que contribuyen a humanizar el ambiente físico, promover la salvaguarda y elevar la dignidad de cada persona como usuario de un establecimiento de salud. Se presenta la calidad de la edificación como una respuesta a los requerimientos de los usuarios. This paper discusses the effect of the physical hospital environments as work places on the user health and job satisfaction, also the environment perception and its therapeutic effects on patients, as well. It is also appointed design criteria, such as security and privacy that enhance the humanization aspect of the physical environment that ensure the person’s dignity as user of a health facility. The concept of quality is presented as a response to user requirements.
- Published
- 2000
19. La percepción de la unidad familiar por los adolescentes según los estilos educativos parentales. Un análisis causal en función del sexo
- Author
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CASTRO POSADAS, J.A.JARIAS, Me.A., BELLO S. GÓMEZ-RODULFOJ.I PÉREZ, M5.L., PIRES, J., and SÁNCHEZ, R.M3.
- Published
- 1999
20. Neumococo y resistencia a quinolonas
- Author
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Bello, S. and Torres, A.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad
- Author
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Dorca, J., coordinador, Bello, S., Blanquer, J., de Celis, R., Molinos, L., Torres, A., Verano, A., and Zalacain, R.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la neumonía nosocomial
- Author
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Torres, A., de Celis, M.R., Bello, S., Blanquer, J., Dorca, J., Molinos, L., Verano, A., and Zalacaín, R.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. La videotoracoscopia frente a la toracotomía en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad intersticial difusa
- Author
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Martín, T., Larraga, R., Badorrey, I., Bello, S., Hernández, A., de Andrés, J.L., and Sánchez, F.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Neumonia nosocomial producida por Corynebacterium xerosis
- Author
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Tejada, A., Fernández, B., Villuendas, M.C., Bello, S., Chacón, E., and Gimeno, C.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Síndrome de young. ¿Una forma larvada de fibrosis quística?
- Author
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Ramos, C., Bello, S., Vila, M., Artigas, J.M., García Aranda, A., and Hernández, A.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Pleuroscopia: experiencia de los clinicos
- Author
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Bello, S., Vila, M., Moreno, E., Duce, F., Suarez, F.J., and De Gregorio, M.A.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Puncion aspirativa transtoracica con aguja fina en el diagnostico de lesiones mediastinicas
- Author
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De gregorio, M.A., Bello, S., Marco, R., Duce, F., Suarez, F.J., and Conget, F.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Derrame pleural eosinofilico fugaz como primera manifestacion de carcinoma pulmonar
- Author
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Bello, S., Conget, F., Vila, M., Duce, F., Suarez, F., Morales, F., and De Gregorio, M.A.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Modificaciones bronquiales en el curso evolutivo de una traqueobroncomegalia
- Author
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Bello, S., Moreno, E., Vila, M., Conget, F., Suarez, F.J., De Gregorio, M.A., and Freile, E.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Un caso raro de neumonía nosocomial producida por Neisseria meningitidis
- Author
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Tejada Artigas, A., Bello, S., and Chacón, E.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Afectación pleuropulmonar en la macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom
- Author
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Chacón, E., Bello, S., and Vila, M.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Divertículo traqueal. Utilidad de la tomografía computarizada (TC)
- Author
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de Gregorio, M.A., Conget, F., Bello, S., Moreno, E., Duce, F., and Serrat, R.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Valoración de las pruebas cutáneas, IgE total y específica en el diagnóstico de la alergia respiratoria
- Author
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Vila, M., Duce, F., Bello, S., De Gregorio, M.A., and Moreno, E.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Estudio de linfocitos T, B y subpoblaciones de linfocitos T en pacientes asmáticos en relación a la presencia o ausencia de sintomatología
- Author
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Vila, M., Duce, F., Larrad, L., Bello, S., Conget, F., and Suarez-Pinilla, F.J.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Core Microbiota in Central Lung Cancer With Streptococcal Enrichment as a Possible Diagnostic Marker.
- Author
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Bello S, Vengoechea JJ, Ponce-Alonso M, Figueredo AL, Mincholé E, Rezusta A, Gambó P, Pastor JM, Javier Galeano, and Del Campo R
- Abstract
Background: Dysbiosis in lung cancer has been underexplored. The aim of this study was to define the bacterial and fungal microbiota of the bronchi in central lung cancer and to compare it with that of the oral and intestinal compartments., Methods: Twenty-five patients with central lung cancer and sixteen controls without antimicrobial intake during the previous month were recruited. Bacterial and fungal distribution was determined by massive sequencing of bronchial biopsies and saliva and faecal samples. Complex computational analysis was performed to define the core lung microbiota., Results: Affected and contralateral bronchi of patients have almost identical microbiota dominated by Streptococcus, whereas Pseudomonas was the dominant genera in controls. Oral and pulmonary ecosystems were significantly more similar in patients, probably due to microaspirations. Streptococcal abundance in the bronchi differentiated patients from controls according to a ROC curve analysis (90.9% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity, AUC=0.897). The saliva of patients characteristically showed a greater abundance of Streptococcus, Rothia, Gemella and Lactobacillus. The mycobiome of controls (Candida) was significantly different from that of patients (Malassezia). Cancer patients' bronchial mycobiome was similar to their saliva, but different from their contralateral bronchi., Conclusions: The central lung cancer microbiome shows high levels of Streptococcus, and differs significantly in its composition from that of control subjects. Changes are not restricted to tumour tissue, and seem to be the consequence of microaspirations from the oral cavity. These findings could be useful in the screening and even diagnosis of this disease., (Copyright © 2020 SEPAR. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. [The technological tools of the diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity].
- Author
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Fernández MA, Morillo MD, Gilibert N, Carvalho C, and Bello S
- Subjects
- Biomedical Technology trends, Humans, Software, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy methods, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity diagnosis, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity therapy, Biomedical Technology methods
- Abstract
Attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity (ADHD) is the main reason for consultation in most Pediatric Neurology units in Spain. The new technologies also associate benefits for both patients and professionals and the health system itself, which makes its rational implementation essential. Genetics, neuroimaging or virtual reality, for example, are clear exponents of the results that can be achieved by optimizing traditional processes. The different technologies that we collect in this article are fully operational and have thousands of experience in patients. The incorporation of them to the usual clinical practice is in our hands.
- Published
- 2020
37. [An updated review of 1p36 deletion (monosomy) syndrome].
- Author
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Bello S and Rodríguez-Moreno A
- Subjects
- Chromosome Deletion, Chromosome Disorders diagnosis, Chromosome Disorders epidemiology, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1, Humans, Chromosome Disorders physiopathology, Comparative Genomic Hybridization methods, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence methods
- Abstract
The Monosomy 1p36 deletion syndrome is part of the group of diseases known as Rare Diseases. The objective of the present work is to review the characteristics of Monosomy 1p36 deletion syndrome. The monosomy 1p36 deletion syndrome phenotype includes: dysmorphic craniofacial features; large anterior fontanelle, unibrow, deep-set eyes, epicanthus, wide nasal root/bridge, mandible hypoplasia, abnormal location of the pinna, philtrum and pointed chin; neurological alterations: seizures and hydrocephalus (in some cases). Cerebral malformations: ventricular hypertrophy, increased subarachnoid space, morphological alterations of corpus callosum, cortical atrophy, delays in myelinisation, periventricular leukomalacia and periventricular heterotopia. These alterations produce intellectual disability and delays in motor growth, communication skills, language, social and adaptive behaviour. It is Hearing and vision impairments are also observed in subjects with this syndrome, as well as alterations of cardiac, endocrine and urinary systems and alterations at skin and skeletal level., Conclusions: Approximately 100 cases have been documented since 1981. This rare disease is the most common subtelomeric-micro-deletion syndrome. In situ hybridization with fluorescence (FISH) and array-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH-array) are at present the two best diagnostic techniques. There is currently no effective medical treatment for this disease., (Copyright © 2016 Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Hyaluronic acid effect on adipose-derived stem cells. Biological in vitro evaluation.
- Author
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Moreno A, Martínez A, Olmedillas S, Bello S, and de Miguel F
- Subjects
- Biomarkers metabolism, Cell Differentiation drug effects, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, Humans, Mesenchymal Stem Cells metabolism, Adipose Tissue cytology, Hyaluronic Acid pharmacology, Mesenchymal Stem Cells drug effects, Viscosupplements pharmacology
- Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the in vitro effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) on adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) in order to consider the possibility of their combined used in the treatment of knee arthrosis., Material and Methods: The ASC cells were grown both in the presence and absence of AH, and several studies were carried out: proliferation (WST8) and cell viability studies (Alamar Blue® and Trypan Blue), possible chondrogenic differentiation (collagen type 2 expression) by RT-PCR, AH receptor expression (CD44) by flow cytometry and RT-QPCR, and expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors (IL-6, TGFß, IL-10) by RT-QPCR., Results: The number of ASC significantly increased after 7 days with HA (158±39%, p <0.05). Additionally, the cell viability of the ASC treated with HA after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days was similar to that of the control cells, being considered non-toxic. There were no changes observed in the expression of CD44 and chondrogenic differentiation. TGFß expression was not modified after AH treatment, but there was a 4-fold decrease in IL-6 expression and IL-10 expression increased up to 2-fold compared to control cells., Conclusions: Hyaluronic acid favours ASC proliferation without causing cellular toxicity, and inducing an anti-inflammatory profile in these cells. Hyaluronic acid appears to be a suitable vehicle for the intra-articular administration of mesenchymal stem cells., (Copyright © 2014 SECOT. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Community-acquired pneumonia among smokers.
- Author
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Almirall J, Blanquer J, and Bello S
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Community-Acquired Infections etiology, Community-Acquired Infections microbiology, Comorbidity, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Incidence, Legionnaires' Disease epidemiology, Legionnaires' Disease etiology, Pneumococcal Vaccines, Pneumonia etiology, Pneumonia microbiology, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal epidemiology, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal etiology, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal prevention & control, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Smoking adverse effects, Smoking immunology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution adverse effects, Tobacco Smoke Pollution statistics & numerical data, Vaccination, Community-Acquired Infections epidemiology, Pneumonia epidemiology, Smoking epidemiology
- Abstract
Recent studies have left absolutely no doubt that tobacco increases susceptibility to bacterial lung infection, even in passive smokers. This relationship also shows a dose-response effect, since the risk reduces spectacularly 10 years after giving up smoking, returning to the level of non-smokers. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the causative microorganism responsible for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) most frequently associated with smoking, particularly in invasive pneumococcal disease and septic shock. It is not clear how it acts on the progress of pneumonia, but there is evidence to suggest that the prognosis for pneumococcal pneumonia is worse. In CAP caused by Legionella pneumophila, it has also been observed that smoking is the most important risk factor, with the risk rising 121% for each pack of cigarettes smoked a day. Tobacco use may also favor diseases that are also known risk factors for CAP, such as periodontal disease and upper respiratory viral infections. By way of prevention, while giving up smoking should always be proposed, the use of the pneumococcal vaccine is also recommended, regardless of the presence of other comorbidities., (Copyright © 2013 SEPAR. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. [Epidemiological surveillance of human leptospirosis in Colombia, 2007-2011].
- Author
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Bello S, Rodríguez M, Paredes A, Mendivelso F, Walteros D, Rodríguez F, and Realpe ME
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Colombia epidemiology, Female, Humans, Infant, Leptospira classification, Leptospira isolation & purification, Male, Middle Aged, Occupations, Retrospective Studies, Serogroup, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic Factors, Young Adult, Leptospirosis epidemiology, Population Surveillance
- Abstract
Introduction: Leptospirosis is a reemerging zoonosis of worldwide distribution, caused by a spirochete of the genus Leptospira . In Colombia, the disease represents a major public health issue, and there has been an increased number of cases in humans and animals., Objective: To characterize epidemiologically cases of leptospirosis reported to the National Public Health Surveillance in Colombia, and to make an approach to determine the serogroups circulating in the country., Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was designed using a process of monitoring records, which included cases reported by the software SIVIGILA and samples sent to the Microbiology Group of the National Laboratory Network (GM-RNL), for the period 2007-2011. We registered socio-demographic variables and analyzed 17 serogroups of Leptospira ., Results: A total of 11,786 records were processed, with 4,621 confirmed cases of leptospirosis. The geographic places which reported the highest number of cases were: Valle del Cauca, Antioquia, Risaralda, Atlántico and Barranquilla, and those with the highest incidence were Guaviare, Risaralda, San Andres, Santa Marta and Barranquilla. The largest number of cases was from urban areas, and more commonly in men (77%), students (19.4%) and housewives (13.6%). A median age of 29 years (IQR 45-19) was observed. There was evidence of 17 serogroups circulating in the country, from which the three most frequent were Australis (24.89%), Hebdomadis (9.33%) and Sejroe (8.0%)., Conclusions: In Colombia, the reported cases have improved as well as their final classification, allowing us to determine the Australis serogroup as the most widely circulating one.
- Published
- 2013
41. [SECOT consensus on painful knee replacement].
- Author
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Vaquero J, Macule F, Bello S, Chana F, and Forriol F
- Subjects
- Guidelines as Topic, Humans, Prosthesis-Related Infections etiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee adverse effects, Knee Prosthesis adverse effects, Pain etiology, Prosthesis Failure, Prosthesis-Related Infections diagnosis, Prosthesis-Related Infections therapy
- Abstract
The opinions of 21 experts in knee surgery were evaluated in this study, using a DELPHI questionnaire method in two successive rounds, on 64 controversial scenarios that covered both the diagnosis and possible treatment of painful knee replacements. The level of consensus was significantly unanimous in 42 items and of the design in 5, with no agreement in 17 of the questions presented. light of the published scientific evidence, the surgeons who took part showed to have a notable level of information on the most effective diagnostic tests, although, it should be pointed out that there was a lack of confidence in the possibility of ruling out an infection when the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the C-reactive protein were within normal values, which have been demonstrated in the literature to have a high negative predictive value As regards the treatments to employ in the different situations, the responses of the expert panel were mainly in agreement with the data in the literature. The conclusions of this consensus may help other surgeons when they are faced with a painful knee prosthesis., (Copyright © 2013 SECOT. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. [Smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: attributable risk determination].
- Author
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Amigo H, Erazo M, Oyarzún M, Bello S, and Peruga A
- Subjects
- Adult, Case-Control Studies, Chile epidemiology, Costs and Cost Analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive epidemiology, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Smoking epidemiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution economics, Tobacco Smoke Pollution statistics & numerical data, Health Services economics, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive etiology, Smoking adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Smoking is the main risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), an important cause of morbidity and mortality., Aim: To estimate smoking attributable risk and population attributable risk in COPD patients attended in Public Health Services of Santiago., Materials and Methods: A case control study matched by sex and age was carried out. Crude and adjusted attributable risks as well as population attributable risk were estimated, controlled by potential confounders and by interaction variables., Results: Mean ages for cases and controls were 68 and 67 years respectively. When compared to the control group, COPD patients had a higher smoking prevalence (at least 100 cigarettes in their life span: 89.7% vs 60.3%; p <0.01). Among COPD patients, heavy smokers proportion was 4 times higher than in controls, they smoked for more years (43 vs 31; p <0.01) and more cigarettes per day (18 vs 5; p <0.01). Adjusted attributable risk was 87% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 63.7-94.8). If a patient smoked at least 100 cigarettes in his/her life span and this risk was 92.7% (CI: 82.4-96.9) for heavy smokers. Projecting this index to Santiago inhabitants, about 87,000 individuals older than 40 years would be suffering COPD due to smoking., Conclusions: This article confirms the strong association between smoking and COPD. Attributable risks are high and significant, even when they are adjusted by confounding variables. Women had a higher risk than men, at lower levels of tobacco consumption.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. [Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of community-acquired pneumonia. Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR)].
- Author
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Alfageme I, Aspa J, Bello S, Blanquer J, Blanquer R, Borderías L, Bravo C, de Celis R, de Gracia X, Dorca J, Gallardo J, Gallego M, Menéndez R, Molinos L, Paredes C, Rajas O, Rello J, Rodríguez de Castro F, Roig J, Sánchez-Gascón F, Torres A, and Zalacaín R
- Subjects
- Aged, Humans, Spain, Sputum chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Community-Acquired Infections drug therapy, Community-Acquired Infections microbiology, Community-Acquired Infections surgery, Gram-Negative Bacteria isolation & purification, Gram-Positive Bacteria isolation & purification, Health Services Administration, Pneumonia drug therapy, Thoracic Surgical Procedures methods
- Published
- 2005
44. [A national survey on smoking habit among health care workers in Chile].
- Author
-
Bello S, Soto M, Michalland S, and Salinas J
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Chile epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Occupations statistics & numerical data, Physicians statistics & numerical data, Prevalence, Health Personnel statistics & numerical data, Smoking epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Worldwide, smoking is the main avoidable cause of death among adults., Aim: To study smoking habits among health care workers in Chile., Material and Methods: A national survey about smoking among subjects working in the Chilean Ministry of Health. An anonymous and self administered enquiry was used., Results: The enquiry was answered by 20,848 employees, corresponding to 58% of the total universe of workers. There was an overall prevalence of smoking of 40.7%. Sixty four percent of smokers did it daily and their mean consumption was 7 cigarettes per day. Smoking was more common among men than women (43 and 39.6%, respectively). Also, nicotine addiction was also more common among men (16.5 and 11.7%, respectively). The prevalence of smoking decreased along with age. Journalists, guards, students and paramedics had the higher prevalence of smoking. Physicians, teachers and nutritionists had the lower prevalence. Although physicians had the lower frequency of smoking, they had the higher prevalence of nicotine addiction. Forty five percent of smokers were interested in therapies to quit, 69% did not allow smoking at home and 89% agreed with smoking restrictions in work places., Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking among health care workers is similar to that of the general population in Chile.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. [Pneumococcus and quinolone resistance].
- Author
-
Bello S and Torres A
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Anti-Infective Agents therapeutic use, Child, Preschool, Ciprofloxacin pharmacology, Ciprofloxacin therapeutic use, DNA, Bacterial, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Gatifloxacin, Genes, Bacterial, Humans, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Moxifloxacin, Multivariate Analysis, Mutation, Ofloxacin pharmacology, Ofloxacin therapeutic use, Penicillin Resistance, Penicillins pharmacology, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal drug therapy, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Streptococcus pneumoniae genetics, Streptococcus pneumoniae isolation & purification, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Aza Compounds, Fluoroquinolones, Pneumococcal Infections drug therapy, Quinolines, Streptococcus pneumoniae drug effects
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. [Comparative study of health care costs for patients using home oxygen therapy or those in waiting lists].
- Author
-
Maquilón C, Chiong H, Bello S, Naranjo C, Lira P, and Díaz M
- Subjects
- Aged, Cost-Benefit Analysis economics, Female, Hospital Costs, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive economics, Retrospective Studies, Waiting Lists, Home Care Services economics, Oxygen Inhalation Therapy economics, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive therapy
- Abstract
Background: Home oxygen therapy is the only intervention that significantly prolongs survival of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Since this therapy is expensive, it is imperative to calculate its cost-benefit ratio., Aim: To compare health care costs for patients in a home oxygen therapy program, with those of a similar group of patients in a waiting list for this therapy., Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 21 patients on home oxygen therapy for 36 months or less and a group of 13 patients in the waiting list during a similar lapse. Medical consultations, drugs delivered and the cost of oxygen therapy were considered among ambulatory costs. Hospitalization costs included the number of days on regular or intermediary care beds, laboratory tests and drugs delivered., Results: The annual health care costs for patients on home oxygen therapy were 709,656 Chilean pesos and the costs for patients in the waiting list were 797,320 Chilean pesos., Conclusions: The overall health care costs of home oxygen therapy are similar to the cost required by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remaining in waiting lists.
- Published
- 2001
47. [Non-invasive technics in the diagnosis of pneumonia].
- Author
-
Bello S, Chacón E, and Hernández A
- Subjects
- Humans, Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System, Pneumonia diagnosis
- Published
- 1998
48. [Videothoracoscopy versus thoracotomy in the diagnosis of diffuse interstitial disease].
- Author
-
Martín T, Larraga R, Badorrey I, de Andrés JL, Sánchez F, Bello S, and Hernández A
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Biopsy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Lung Diseases, Interstitial pathology, Thoracoscopy methods, Thoracotomy, Video Recording
- Abstract
Histopathology plays an important role in the diagnosis of diffuse interstitial lung disease. New endoscopic techniques allow performance of sampling procedures that have the same diagnostic accuracy and fewer complications that open lung biopsy (OLB). We evaluated our experience with video thoracoscopic lung biopsy (VTLB) in comparison with OLB in terms of diagnostic accuracy, duration of pleural drainage and hospital stay, number and size of samples and complications. Thirty patients who underwent VTLB from March 1987 to January 1995, and 28 patients who underwent OLB from May 1987 to January 1995 were studied retrospectively. Diagnosis was achieved in the VLTB group in 96.66% of cases and in the OLB group in 92.85%. The number of specimens obtained was 1.5 (SD 0.5) in the VTLB group (p = 0.47). Overall specimen size expressed in cm3 was 13.3 (SD-15.4) in the VTLB group and 18.5 (SD 21) in the OLB group (p = 0.284). Length of pleural drainage in hours was 52 (SD 39.9) in the VTLB group and 89.1 (SD 47) in the OLB group (p = 0.002). Length of hospital stay in days was 3.5 (SD 2) in the VTLB group and 8.7 (3.5) in the OLB group (p = 0.001). Complications were fewer and less severe after VLTB. VLTB is as useful as OLD for obtaining lung biopsies in diffuse interstitial lung disease. VLTB also causes fewer complications and is less expensive because drainage times and hospital stays are shorter.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. [The diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. SEPAR. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica].
- Author
-
Dorca J, Bello S, Blanquer J, de Celis R, Molinos L, Torres A, Verano A, and Zalacain R
- Subjects
- Community-Acquired Infections diagnosis, Community-Acquired Infections etiology, Community-Acquired Infections therapy, Humans, Pneumonia etiology, Pulmonary Medicine, Societies, Medical, Spain, Thoracic Surgery, Pneumonia diagnosis, Pneumonia therapy
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. [Pneumonia diagnosed with bronchoscopy in HIV-positive patients].
- Author
-
Cruz Villuendas M, Remacha MA, Echávarri B, Lezcano MA, Omeñaca M, Arazo P, and Bello S
- Subjects
- Humans, Pneumonia complications, Bronchoscopy, HIV Seropositivity complications, Pneumonia diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: The object of our research is to analyse the microbiological results of the samples which have been obtained by means of fibronchoscopy (FB) from HIV positive patients from 1991 until 1993., Methods: Sixty fibrobronchoscopies were carried out on fifty-seven HIV positive patients. In every case, samples of bronchoaspirate (BAS), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and telescoping plugged catheter (TPC) were cultured; the last two in a quantitative way. Pneumocystis carinii was investigated in BAL by means of immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies., Results: Some microorganisms were isolated in forty-seven bronchoscopies. Thirteen episodes resulted negative. The most frequent etiologic agent was Pneumocystis carinii (seventeen cases). The etiology of fifteen episodes was polymicrobial. The intersticial radiological pattern was the predominant one. It was observed in twenty-seven cases. With regard to immunity, 91% of the patients showed CD4 < 200., Conclusions: In our research work, the samples that have been obtained by means of FB showed a high percentage of diagnoses; that is the reason why we regard this technique as very useful for the diagnosis of pneumonia in patients with AIDS. Due to the large number of bacterian pneumonia, we consider necessary not only the use of BAL, but also that of TPC in these processes.
- Published
- 1996
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