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Abstract Osmotic dehydration (OD) is a widely used technique for lowering the moisture content and water activity of biological products. During OD, food is immersed in an aqueous hypertonic solution of salt and/or sugar. Food and the surrounding osmotic solution have different osmotic pressures which allows for the transportation of solute from the osmotic solution into the food product. OD could be utilized as a fortification method by addition of solutes of interest to the osmotic solution. Adding vitamins, dietary fibers, and minerals (such as calcium, iron, and zinc) to the osmotic solution can be used to create food with specific health-promoting qualities. Fortification of fruit and vegetable goods would effectively minimize and prevent diseases linked to nutritional inadequacies due to the high consumption rate of these products. OD could be a simple, affordable, and effective way to fortify food for social, economic, and health benefits. This study compiles data from existing studies dating back approximately two decades, focusing on the possibility of adding or impregnating bioactive compounds into fruits and vegetables through OD as well as the effects of combining OD with vacuum, ultrasound, and pulse electric field techniques on the incorporation of these bioactive compounds into solid food matrices. A brief overview of current OD trends is also provided, highlighting the use of lower-calorie sugar replacements to improve process efficiency and raise overall product quality. This study emphasizes the need for more research into OD to fortify, improve functionality, and incorporate nutraceutical characteristics in the food industry.

Youzi, Confucius’ disciple, proposed the thought of “Harmony is Valued”, which was also the value pursuit of Confucius. They interpreted the implication of “Harmony” from practicing the rules of propriety. “He” means “harmony”. Mencius called the harmony between people “Support of the People”, and he discussed the harmonious coexistence between the revolutionaries and the public from the perspective of “Benevolent Policy” and “Good Nature”. Xunzi explained the institution, normalization and impartiality necessary for society from the aspect of “Harmony”, which expanded the theoretical implication of “Harmony”. Confucian thought of “Harmony is Valued” is also the embodiment of the ideology of “Advocating Fairness” and “Harmony Between Man and Nature”, which contained the thought of the harmonious relationship between people and nature. Confucian thought of “Harmony is Valued” has achieved an innovative development in modern society, which complies with the idea of sustainable development. It is of great referential significance for rethinking the relation between people, the relation between human and nature, and the relation between economic development and natural environment etc

Governance means the policy and strategy adopted in the process of running a country. In the long history of more than two thousand years, Confucianism had become the cultural core and political doctrine of the imperial autocracy, and the theory of “governance of the whole country” contained in it had become an important category in traditional Chinese culture. We should dig deep into the rich connotation of Confucian governance thought, and build a national governance system that suits society, the overall situation and future through innovative development and creative transformation, so as to let excellent traditional Chinese culture return to open a new road and make the past serve the present, thus providing important theoretical guidance and historical reference for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

En los últimos años, la tecnología de la nariz electrónica posibilita explotar la información sobre el comportamiento del aroma para acceder al estado de madurez de las frutas. El objetivo en este estudio fue estimar los parámetros de calidad tradicionales de la mandarina como son, la firmeza, el contenido de solubles sólidos y la acidez, a través de la señal de la nariz electrónica, empleando para ello un dispositivo específico PEN-2. Como resultado se obtuvo que los parámetros de calidad de la mandarina puedan ser predichos moderadamente empleando la señal de la nariz electrónica

La tecnología de la nariz electrónica ofrece una rápida y no destructiva alternativa de medir el aroma y así explotar la información para acceder al estado de maduración de las frutas durante su vida en estantería. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la capacidad de la nariz electrónica para monitorear los cambios en la producción de volátiles del tomate durante dos tratamientos de almacenamientos deferentes, empleando para ello un equipo específico (PEN-2). El análisis de los componentes principales (PCA) y el análisis del discriminante linear (LDA) fueron usados para conocer la capacidad de la técnica para distinguir los tomates con diferentes tiempos de almacenamiento. Los resultados obtenidos prueban que la nariz electrónica PEN-2 puede diferenciar satisfactoriamente los estados de maduración del tomate a través de su tiempo de almacenamiento. Durante el almacenamiento del tomate en cajas de cartón los análisis PCA y LDA fueron capaces de clasificar el 97,77 y 95,55 % respectivamente del total de ejemplos (90) en sus respectivos grupos (cinco), además los dos métodos alcanzan una clara separación entre ellos. Por otro lado el tomate guardado en bolsas no archivó una clara separación entre ellos, pero ambos análisis PCA y LDA fueron capaces de clasificar el 93,33 y 93,33 % respectivamente del total de ejemplos (90) en sus respectivos grupos (cinco). Los sensores 2, 6 y 8 tuvieron una alta influencia en el modelo de reconocimiento.

Los objetivos de este trabajo investigativo estuvieron encaminados a evaluar la capacidad de la señal acústica para supervisar el cambio de firmeza de la mandarina durante el almacenamiento. La frecuencia dominante, el índice de firmeza y coeficiente de elasticidad pueden expresarse como una función de tiempo polinomial decreciente. Una buena correlación se estableció entre los parámetros acústicos (índice de firmeza y coeficiente de elasticidad), y la fuerza de compresión de la fruta, para estos datos, los coeficientes de la correlación fueron de 0,88 & 0,91 respectivamente. Los resultados indican que podría ser posible identificar el estado de madurez de una mandarina empleando el presente método, y que la prueba acústica no-destructiva podría reemplazar la prueba de compresión convencional para determinar firmeza de fruta durante la vida de estantería de la misma.

El eco chino en la creación literaria de Octavio Paz

Dihydrotanshinone I (DHT), a lipophilic compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has cardiovascular protective effects, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of action have rarely been reported. Based on this, whether DHT affects cholesterol metabolism by regulating LDLR is investigated in this work. The results revealed that DHT can increase LDLR expression and promote LDL uptake by HepG2 cells. Meanwhile, DHT stabilizes LDLR mRNA expression by activating the epidermal growth factor receptor/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (EGFR/erk1/2) signaling pathway. In addition, DHT inhibits the expression of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) by down-regulating the liver nuclear transcription factor 1 A (HNF1A) and up-regulating the forkhead box O3 (FOXO3). All of these indicate that DHT increases LDLR expression at the post-transcriptional and post-translational levels thereby promoting LDL-C metabolism. The potential mechanism of DHT to improve lipid metabolism has been revealed as a promising drug against AS.

ABSTRACTLow-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) play a pivotal role by regulating plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels. Dihydromyricetin (DMY), the most abundant natural flavonoid in rattan tea, has proven anti-atherogenic effects, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Therefore, we studied the effects of DMY on LDLR and PCSK9. The results showed DMY promoted LDLR protein and mRNA expression and increased LDL uptake in HepG2 cells. DMY inhibited intracellular PCSK9 protein and mRNA expression. And it also significantly reduced PCSK9 levels in the cell culture medium. Furthermore, DMY inhibited the expression of PCSK9 through the liver nuclear transcription factor 1 A (HNF1A) and increased the protein expression of LDLR. Taken together, our results support the idea that DMY regulates LDL-c metabolism through PCSK9/LDLR signaling. This study reveals the potential mechanism of DMY’s anti-atherogenic effect and provides a theoretical basis for dietary DMY supplementation.

Communist Party of China (CPC) has completed the conscious transformation from a revolutionary party to the ruling party. It is inevitable for such a big country like China to make some small mistakes in the process of the reform. However, these small mistakes of the Chinese ruling-party and crisis of the Chinese governance may turn into big mistakes at the macro level and even subversive mistakes. Especially, since1990s, governance crisis of Chinese governments, such as the crisis of administrative efficiency, official conviction, governments’ accountability and executive ability, aroused and increased remarkably in the process of its government governance and made its administrative reform lag behind its economic reform. In order to change the government function, reform the governance model and improve the administrative reform of China, it has extreme significance of practical and theoretical research value to analyze the causes of governance crisis in the process of China’s government governance and explore countermeasures suitable for national conditions in governance the governance crisis of Chinese government.

How to confront public crisis actively and implement emergency management effectively?, this is a very question for governments in charge of supplying public service and public goods. However, government strength has been proved to be not able to match their own ambitions in emergency management any more. In contrast, the nonprofit sector has an advantage of rapid combined action, extensive social participation, and strong social mobilization over the public and the private sector. Therefore, it is necessary to bring into full play its role in this respect. This paper devotes to give some suggestion for China’s nonprofit sector so as to actively participate in emergency management through analyzing the theoretical basis and present predicament of China’s nonprofit sector participating in emergency management.