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Tropical pasture grasses and legumes can be highly productive and persistent and fill the summer-autumn feed gap typical of temperate pasture systems in southern Australia. However, more information is needed on optimum temperature range for seedling emergence because this will influence sowing time recommendations. A replicated field experiment was conducted at 5 locations in New South Wales over a 12-month period to determine the optimum temperature for emergence of a range of tropical species: Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth), Makarikari grass (Panicum coloratum L. var. makarikariense Gooss.), kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone), digit grass (Digitaria eriantha Steud.), panic grass (Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs), paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.), Urochloa hybrid (Urochloa decumbens × U. ruziziensis × U. brizantha), 2 cultivars of Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. (cultivars ‘Marc’ and ‘JCU2’), D. bicornutus (S. Watson), D. leptophyllus (Kunth) and D. pernambucanus (L.) Thell.). Rhodes grass emerged satisfactorily over the longest time across all sites, exhibiting the greatest temperature range over which emergence occurred, while Makarikari grass and panic grass had the narrowest temperature range for emergence. The temperature for 50% emergence differed between the tropical species and whether the soils were warming or cooling. Rhodes grass had the lowest 50% emergence temperature (17 °C) while paspalum had the highest (22 °C). Results showed that temperature for 50% emergence is a useful indicator for determining sowing time in warming soils.

Supporting efforts to build efficacy in leadership capabilities and capacities is instrumental in the process of leadership development for education and leadership students. Research suggests that those individuals in their fields with a greater sense of efficacy tend to remain longer, with more success. While there has been much research to support the importance of efficacy and the positive benefits of study abroad experiences, this case study examines the self-described changes in participants’ perceptions of leadership styles at the completion of a study abroad program. A qualitative case study describes the changing perceptions using composite narrative, in effort to maintain the anonymity of the seven participants. The article reports the findings of seven interviews (six complete and one partial) with students who participated in the trip and corresponding coursework prior. It examines three aspects of leadership: changing perceptions of leadership, altering individual leadership styles, and improving confidence and competence in leadership abilities.

Introduction: Non-specific pattern (NSP) is a subgroup of preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) that requires a normal total lung capacity measurement. NSP has been historically classified as being an obstructive lung disease pattern. There has been heightened interest and investigation into PRISm recently as it has been associated with an increased likelihood of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Given the inherent challenges of understanding the clinical significance of the NSP, the aim of this study was to further explore the clinical characteristics of patients with this pulmonary function test pattern. Material and methods: We identified 111 and 79 subjects using pre-bronchodilator (pre-BD) and post-bronchodilator (post-BD) values, respectively, that met criteria for NSP. The outpatient medical records were retrospectively reviewed for associated diagnoses that were then clustered into ‘obstructive’ or ‘non-obstructive’ groups based on the treating physician's primary pulmonary clinical diagnosis. Results: Within this NSP cohort, cough, wheezing and sputum production were documented more frequently in those with an obstructive lung disease diagnosis. Whether identified using pre-BD or post-BD spirometric values, those with NSP and a positive BD response were more likely to carry an obstructive lung disease diagnosis. Conclusion: Approximately one third of patients with NSP in this study were not given an obstructive lung disease diagnosis by their clinician, which supports the classification of NSP as not an exclusively obstructive lung disease pattern. However, the presence of supporting clinical symptoms, such as cough with sputum production and wheeze, and/or a positive BD response on PFT, support a diagnosis of obstruction in patients with NSP. Resumen: Introducción: El patrón inespecífico constituye un subgrupo de alteraciones de la espirometría con conservación de la relación (PRISm, siglas en inglés) que precisa de una medición de la capacidad pulmonar total normal; históricamente se ha clasificado como un patrón de neumopatía obstructiva. En épocas recientes se ha intensificado el interés en las PRISm y su investigación, ya que se ha asociado a un aumento de la probabilidad de aparición de una enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Dadas las dificultades inherentes que conlleva interpretar la importancia clínica del patrón inespecífico, el objetivo de este estudio consistió en explorar con más detalle las características clínicas de los pacientes con dicho patrón en las pruebas de la función pulmonar. Material y métodos: Se identificaron 111 y 79 sujetos empleando valores prebroncodilatador y posbroncodilatador, respectivamente, que cumplieron los criterios de patrón inespecífico. Se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas ambulatorias para detectar diagnósticos asociados que después se agregaron en grupos «obstructivos» o «no obstructivos» en función del diagnóstico clínico pulmonar primario del médico. Resultados: En esta cohorte de pacientes con patrones inespecíficos, se documentó una mayor incidencia de tos, sibilancias y producción de esputo entre los que tenían un diagnóstico de neumopatía obstructiva. Los pacientes con patrón inespecífico y una respuesta positiva al broncodilatador, que hubiesen sido identificados con valores pre o posbroncodilatador, tenían más probabilidades de haber recibido un diagnóstico de neumopatía obstructiva. Conclusión: Aproximadamente un tercio de los pacientes con patrón inespecífico de este estudio no habían recibido un diagnóstico de neumopatía obstructiva, dato que avala no clasificar los patrones inespecíficos exclusivamente en las neumopatías obstructivas. Sin embargo, la presencia de síntomas clínicos indicativos, como tos productiva y sibilancias, o una respuesta positiva al broncodilatador en las pruebas de la función pulmonar, sustenta un diagnóstico de obstrucción en los pacientes con patrón inespecífico.

Esta publicación provee contexto y motivación para reducir la cantidad de agua usada para regar el jardín. Esto se hace proporcionando una estimación de los galones de agua que son utilizados por ciclo de riego en Florida, y luego comparando ese monto de agua con el agua utilizada para actividades comunes al interior del hogar, como ducharse o lavar los platos.

This publication provides context and motivation for reducing outdoor water use. This is done by providing the estimated gallons of water used per irrigation cycle in Florida and then comparing the water used for irrigation to the water used for common indoor activities like showering or washing dishes.

Neoseiulus californicus McGregor (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is an oblong, tiny, mobile, predatory mite that feeds on a variety of prey (Fig. 1). It belongs to the suborder Acariforme in the Acari order. The division includes more than 30,000 described species included in the ancient group of Arachnida (Krantz, 1978). This document is HS1001, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: November 2004.

Objective. To conduct an integrative review of all relevant research investigating the physical risk factors for injury within pre-professional ballet dancers, to provide insight that may benefit practitioners within these institutions and highlight areas for future research within this specialised population. Design. Studies were identified from the following electronic databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, SPORTDiscus via EBSCOhost, and Web of Science Core Collection via Web of Science. 8,415 titles were identified during the electronic search process. Five studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The modified Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) scale for observational studies was used to assess study quality. Results. The review identified that the following physical characteristics may influence prospective injury risk in pre-professional ballet dancers: age and maturation status, anthropometrics and body composition, strength and power, joint mobility and range of motion, specific dance function, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Limitations. The research identified lacked methodological quality. This, combined with the low number of studies identified, makes the design of screening protocols challenging for practitioners. Originality. Despite the number of pre-professional balletic institutions worldwide, previous reviews have not used a systematic search strategy or investigated both sexes in this cohort. Due to the unique demands of ballet, an understanding of the interaction between injury and physical characteristics is a critical step in order to reduce injury burden. Conclusions. This review succeeded in determining risk factors for injury within this population, but, due to insufficient evidence, could not provide robust screening recommendations.

This factsheet gives the general public and citrus growers basic knowledge regarding the California red scale. Written by X. Martini and J. Price, and published by the UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department, November 2022.

José Antonio Price fue un pionero de la medicina panameña asentado en la provincia de Bocas del Toro. Su graduación como médico cirujano en el año 1913, lo convierte en el primer medico afrodescendiente del que se tenga registro dentro del período histórico inaugurado por la república. Price impulsó, decididamente, el desarrollo de la medicina privada en el Caribe panameño, contribuyendo también a la nacionalización del sector público de la salud adelantado desde el año 1924. Fue también un prominente político liberal, electo en múltiples ocasiones presidente del Consejo Municipal, donde sirvió como presidente.

The genus Critomolgus Humes and Stock, 1983 represents a group of 34 species of copepods associated with marine invertebrates. Most of these species have been collected in associations with species of the phyla Cnidaria and Echinodermata in several localities in the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans with three species reported in the Mediterranean Sea. This is the first occasion in which a species belonging to the genus Critomolgus and the family Rhynchomolgidae Humes and Stock, 1972 is recorded for the Gulf of Mexico. Here, we describe a new species of marine copepod, Critomolgus walteri Varela, Price, Middlebrooks et Ambrosio, associated with the octocorals Leptogorgia virgulata (Lamarck, 1815) and L. hebes Verrill, 1869 in 3.3 meters of water in Tampa Bay, Florida. This species possesses characters that unite it with other members of the genus; however, it differs from all other species due to the body length and unique leg 5 and maxilla l characters. This new species provides evidence that much diversity remains to be discovered in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico and future sampling efforts should target this region.

This essay analyses Samuel Beckett’s Trilogy and Waiting for Godot through the enabling theoretical lens of Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time. Special attention shall be paid to key Heideggerian concepts: idle talk, authenticity, and inauthenticity. A Heideggerian reading of Beckett’s influential middle period allows for a rich exploration of how his works provide a vision of the psychological state of the formerly powerful Anglo-Irish in post-independence Ireland. A Beckettian reading of Heidegger demonstrates how Heideggerian thought has been at the forefront of elucidating key challenges posed in the Twentieth Century concerning ways of being-in-the-world and being-with-others that allows for the authenticity of individual subjectivities.

This study explored the practice and spacing-of-practice effects in people living with dementia during an artistic painting activity. The video recordings of 23 participants were systematically observed during their first and fourth session of the activity. Improvements in independence, engagement, and well/ill-being expressions were analyzed from the first to the fourth session. Moreover, it was analyzed whether a group who had practiced three times a week (n = 12) improved more than a group who had practiced once a week (n = 13). Participants became more independent as they practiced, but the spacing of the sessions did not show any significant effect. Participants with severe dementia showed greater independence improvements than participants with mild to moderate dementia, although they required significantly more assistance throughout the entire study. The positive rates in active engagement and well/ill-being expressions suggest that artistic painting activities promote the motivation and well-being of participants, including those in the severe stage of dementia.

This fact sheet provides current, basic information about residential water use in Osceola County, Florida. Written by Nick Taylor, Kaitlin Robb Price, Bradley Spatz, Parker Johnson, and Pierce Jones, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, November 2021.

This fact sheet provides current, basic information about residential water use in Orange County. Written by Nick Taylor, Kaitlin Olander Robb Price, Bradley Spatz, Parker Johnson, and Pierce Jones, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, June 2021.

This 6-page fact sheet discusses basics about water consumption for single-family, detached homes served by Gainesville Regional Utilities, information about the highest water users, and impacts of irrigation on water consumption. Written by Nick Taylor, Kaitlin Olander Robb Price, Bradley Spatz, Tricia Kyzar, and Pierce Jones, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, September 2020.

O trabalho se desenvolve a partir de um fato pontual, mas de grande poder simbólico, sucedido durante a última ditadura militar argentina (1976-1983), sobre o papel do direito e dos advogados, com base em distinções tais como estado de direito e estado de exceção, seguindo a categoria proposta por Agamben. Destaca que a inversão da fórmula de Clausewitz (a guerra é a continuação da política por outros meios), desloca a lógica jurídica legal/ilegal, para substituí-la pela lógica da guerra, de amigo/inimigo, na qual o que desaparece é o próprio conceito de cidadão, deixando os corpos, a nuda vita, à disposição dos “guardiães”, com o propósito de disciplinar a sociedade. O episódio conhecido como a “noite das gravatas”, quando um grupo de advogados trabalhistas é sequestrado, torturado, alguns deles mortos e os outros desaparecidos, evidencia como o exercício consciente da advocacia implica, para a lógica do estado de exceção, uma intolerável irritação que é preciso eliminar. Conclui refletindo sobre o papel da memória, o da advocacia e, a partir do ensaio de Ricoeur, sobre a possibilidade de impedir que Auschwitz, ou algo análogo ao estado de exceção, possam retornar.

En este ensayo ofrezco una lectura de "La bestia ha muerto" de Bernardo Fernández, haciendo hincapié en las formas en que el autor transforma la historia nacional del segundo imperio mexicano. Inicio con una breve reflexión sobre la ucronía y de ahí procederé a discutir el cuento que, a mi parecer, también introduce elementos steampunk en su reimaginación de este importante momento histórico.

The essay plays, in an ironic way, similarly to Jorge Luis Borges’ style, with the idea that the expression to change the world: justice or utopia, which is not found in Quixote, could undoubtedly have been excluded of it, or invented by an anonymous author, a habitual resource in the Middle Ages. It points out that we are in the presence of works that somehow mark the beginning of the concept of “author” and, paradoxically, question it, as Cervantes does deliberately, or as portrayed in the difficulties to establish the verisimilitude of the authorship of the works by the English bard. And this is done in order to work not only with the coincidence of the dates of their deaths (which grants space for another Borges-like game), but also with their contribution to the formation of the Western cultural universe, which made Bloom exaggerate in the attribution to Shakespeare of “inventing the human”, but to formulate the opposition of two ethics between two emblematic characters, such as Quixote and Lady Macbeth: ethics, which we shall call “of duty”, from which the concept of utopia is built, present in Erasmus Of Rotterdam’s work (of great influence in the Spain of Cervantes) and of Thomas Morus; And the ethics that we will call pragmatic, the ethics of Lady Macbeth, who prescribes to her husband the advice of Nicholas Machiavelli. In short, this paper concludes that Cervantes and Shakespeare inaugurated modernity, and the ideas found in their works, which were present in the production of sense of their time, in turn altered it (given the performative effect of literature); And that their remarkable personalities, united by the invisible thread of “madness”, allowed us to see the two faces of the human, as the Sileni of Alcibiades.

Interest in understanding water use and irrigation costs has risen in recent years. This case study is a 5-page evaluation of water use and associated costs for residential landscape irrigation in Osceola County and Orange County, Florida. Homeowners in central Florida can use the results to assess their water consumption and bills in relation to similar homes in the area. Written by Nick Taylor, Tricia Kyzar, Pierce Jones, and Kaitlin O. Robb Price, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, December 2019. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae536

This document is HS736, Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Published November 2006. HS736/CV134: Chapter 16. Strawberry Production (ufl.edu)

Purpose: To compare the ability to detect preoperative ectasia risk among LASIK candidates using classic ERSS (Ectasia Risk Score System) and Pentacam Belin-Ambrósio deviation index (BAD-D), and to test the benefit of a combined approach including BAD-D and clinical data. Methods: A retrospective nonrandomized study involved preoperative LASIK data from 23 post-LASIK ectasia cases and 266 stable-LASIK (follow up > 12 months). Preoperative clinical and Pentacam (Oculus; Wetzlar, Germany) data were obtained from all cases. Mann-Whitney's test was performed to assess differences between groups. Stepwise logistic regression was used for combining parameters.The areas under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) were calculated for all parameters and combinations, with pairwise comparisons of AUC (DeLong's method). Results: Statistically significant differences were found for age, residual stromal bed (RSB), central corneal thickness and BAD-D (p0.05). ERSS was 3 or more on 12/23 eyes from the ectasia group (sensitivity = 52.17%) and 48/266 eyes from the stable LASIK group (18% false positive). BAD-D had AUC of 0.931 (95% CI: 0.895 to 0.957), with cut-off of 1.29 (sensitivity = 87%; specificity = 92.1%). Formula combining BAD-D, age and RSB provided 100% sensitivity and 94% specificity, with better AUC (0.989; 95% CI: 0.969 to 0.998) than all individual parameters (p>0.001). Conclusion: BAD-D is more accurate than ERSS. Combining clinical data and BAD-D improved ectasia susceptibility screening. Further validation is necessary. Novel combined functions using other topometric and tomographic parameters should be tested to further enhance accuracy.

Objective: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the leading cause of childhood blindness around the world, is potentially avoidable. The incidence of ROP varies between countries due to a variety of factors. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of screening criteria in Mexico valid in March 2015 as an example of a middle-income country. Methods: The medical records of 261 patients from a single center covering a period of 42 months (October 2011–March 2015) were retrospectively analyzed to identify infants with ROP that did not fall within screening criteria set forth by regional health authorities. Results: Of the 261 infants in our study group, 55 (21.1%) weighed more than 1500 g (ranging from 466 to 2910), 129 (49.4%) had a GA >30 weeks (ranging from 22 to 36), and 47 (18%) patients presented both. Overall, the mean birth weight for infants with ROP was 1270.6 ± 365.3 g. The mean gestational age was 30.4 ± 2.3 weeks. Following actual AAO/AAP guidelines for ROP screening, 17 infants (6.5%) in our study group would have gone undiagnosed. Conclusions: These findings show that the valid guidelines at the time of the screening were based on a different population and were not sufficient to detect all ROP cases in a middle-income country. With the update of the Mexican guidelines established in July 2015, the patients from this study would have been screened. Therefore, review and modification of the current screening guidelines in other middle-income countries should be considered to include all babies at risk for ROP.

Durante el 8vo Encuentro Internac ional Mat emá ticas Educa ción y Socie dad (MES - 8), Martin (2015) plante ó una cuestión fundamental , “ ¿ En dónde se posiciona la educació n matemática crítica y demuestra acció n inequívoca contra el racismo anti - negro , el terror racial y la supremacía blanca global? Esta pregunta marca un llamado a la acción para los educadores matemáticos críticos a pensar no solamente en las posibilidades liberadoras y emancipadoras de la educación matemática , sino de abordar de manera más explícita y específicamente la raza y el racismo . Usando la “definición futurista” de Powell (2012) de educa dor m ate m á tico crí tico como matemático, educador y activista, las autoras plantean que aunque los educador es matemático s crítico s han conducido exitosamente a que los educadores consideren mejores estrategias pedagógicas para alcanzar una mayor equidad , es necesaria más acción social para luchar contra el racismo. Las autoras abogan por una mayor atención al llamado a la acción que hizo Martin y a la necesidad de que los educadores matemáticos críticos se involucr en activa y ex plícitamente en má s acciones inequívocas en contra de la supremacía blanca global y el racismo anti - negro.

Neste trabalho a relação entre classe social e educação é discutida e uma definição complexa de classe social baseada não só no rendimento, mas usando vários critérios, tais como as questões sociais e culturais, geográficas e outros aspectos que interagem com os presentes escola. Embora a meta da escolarização nos Estados Unidos tem sido de que esta instituição para proporcionar a igualdade de oportunidades, neste artigo vamos discutir a oportunidade não é igual e como esta meta tende a se concentrar em aspectos individuais e não nos aspectos coletivos, estrutural e institucional, que realmente enquadrar as diferentes condições sobre a questão da classe social. Ele também aborda como escolaridade, no caso dos Estados Unidos trabalha para manter a ordem social hegemônica para perpetuar o mito da meritocracia. Ele questiona como o currículo e pedagogia exercer uma relação significativa na estrutura de classe social

Dossier Desinformación. En este estudio se intenta describir la habilidad del Presidente Reagan para lograr que los medios de comunicación colectiva apoyen constantemente la ayuda militar a los Contras nicaraguenses -un factor importante en su estrategia- para derrocar al gobierno Sandinista que tomó el poder en Nicaragua el 19 de julio de 1979.

Como la construcción de la identidad basada en la nacionalidad va perdiendo importancia, es indispensable analizar otras maneras de formular la identidad que toman su lugar. En el caso de la región Amazónica, el concepto de una bioregión, que se define no por alguna especie de patriotismo o fronteras políticas sino por un ecosistema particular y la interacción de individuales dentro del ecosistema, mejor explica cómo los residentes amazónicos forman una comunidad e identidad. La bioregión, porque se trata de fronteras geográficas o naturales, entiende mejor la cosmología amazónica, la cual se basa en el ecosistema en que residen los humanos y no humanos.

Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest that was introduced into Florida in 2009. Spotted wing drosophila survives well under Florida’s climatic conditions. In 2014, losses to berry crops in Florida were estimated at $35 million. Losses are due to maggot-infested fruit, which is unacceptable for the fresh berry market, and puncture holes in the fruit made by egg-laying females. The holes lead to secondary infection by fungal and bacterial pathogens. This revised 5-page fact sheet describes the flies and some strategies to identify them and manage them in berry operations. Written by Lindsy E. glesias, James F. Price, Craig R. Roubos, Justin M. Renkema, and Oscar E. Liburd, and published by the Department of Entomology and Nematology, January 2016. ENY-861/IN839: Spotted Wing Drosophila in Florida Berry Culture (ufl.edu)

The direction of care delivery goes from the action to the being; a process built from professional experience, which gains special characteristics when the service is delivered by telephone. The goal of this research was to understand the interaction between professionals and users in a remote care service; to do so, a research is presented, using Grounded Theory and Symbolic Interactionism as theoretical references. Data were collected through eight interviews with professionals who deliver care by telephone. The theoretical understanding permitted the creation of the theoretical model of the Imaginative Construction of Care, which shows the interaction processes the professional experiences when delivering care by telephone. In this model, individual and social facts are added, showing the link between the concepts, with special emphasis on uncertainty, sensitivity and professional responsibility, as essential components of this experience.Brindar cuidados es una cuestión que transcurre desde la acción hasta el ser; un proceso construido desde la experiencia profesional, que cobra características especiales al ser brindado a través del teléfono. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender la experiencia de interacción de los profesionales y los usuarios en un servicio de asistencia remota; para ello, se presenta una investigación utilizando la metodología de la Teoría Fundamentada y el Interaccionismo Simbólico como referente teórico. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante ocho entrevistas a profesionales que brindan atención telefónica. La comprensión teórica permitió la construcción del modelo teórico de la Construcción Imaginativa del Cuidado, el cual refleja los procesos interaccionales que experiencia el profesional cuando brinda cuidados a través del teléfono. En el modelo se incorporan los fenómenos individuales y sociales, demostrando la vinculación entre sus conceptos y destacando la incertidumbre, la sensibilidad y la responsabilidad del profesional como componentes esenciales de la experiencia.Prestar cuidados em saúde é questão que transcorre desde a ação até o ser; é um processo construído na experiência profissional e contém características especiais, ao ser realizado por meio de telefone. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a experiência de interação entre profissionais de um serviço de assistência remota, por telefone, com os usuários. Foi conduzido segundo a Teoria Fundamentada, tendo o Interacionismo Simbólico como referencial teórico. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com oito profissionais de enfermagem que prestam cuidados pelo telefone. A compreensão teórica resultante da análise interpretativa permitiu a construção do modelo teórico da Construção Imaginativa do Cuidado, que reflete os processos interacionais que o profissional vivencia quando presta cuidados por meio do telefone. O modelo incorpora fenômenos individuais e sociais, demonstrando a vinculação entre conceitos e destacando a incerteza, a sensibilidade e a responsabilidade do profissional como componentes essenciais da experiência.

Recently attention has focused on the role of social researchers in the processes of construction and transmission of knowledge about global poverty and its reduction. This paper examines some of the formative efforts by pioneering social researchers in development institutions to step into the realm of policy making to construct processes for project preparation and management through social analysis. Before 1970 development planners invoked ‘social' or ‘human' factors only as an excuse to explain away project failures - they designed and implemented development projects in the absence of any strategies or regulatory frameworks for managing their social impacts. Recognizing that project investments represent induced change and constitute a social process in themselves, pioneering social researchers constructed policies and procedures to introduce sociological content and method into the project cycle and so re-order social outcomes. Were such constructs merely policy artefacts? Even as the constructs helped to shift the statements of the development discourse towards ‘people oriented' poverty reduction, new modalities appeared which tested the limits of the agreed methods. Institutions may forget, neglect, contest or re-write the documents if in perceived conflict with the institutional ‘core business'. Yet those pioneering efforts created institutional space for, and understanding of, social analysis, with a measure of flow-on international recognition. Tracking social analysis in several international institutions and in a significant emerging economy, China, this paper highlights not only a history full of lessons to be learned where social analysis is not practiced systematically but also outlines some future challenges.

Dentro del marco de formación de formadores en artes escénicas surge actualmente la problemática de las relaciones entre los referentes de los formadores, basadas en el teatro como práctica profesional (formación en teatro) y el teatro como herramienta de desarrollo del sujeto (formación a través del teatro). La formación de formadores emerge como el catalizador de tensiones que se generan entre dos visiones institucionales diferentes, donde el punto de encuentro se centra en la tradición de la enseñanza teatral en tanto modelo de la práctica cultural y su transmisión. En el marco de este trabajo exploramos los elementos de tensión que aparecen en el ámbito de las prácticas pedagógicas de docentes en formación. El dispositivo universitario de formación deviene aquí como un campo de investigación privilegiado para estudiar los procesos de transferencia/transformación de las prácticas de enseñanza de teatro (Aslan, 2005), que además son confrontados con las condiciones y necesidades específicas del público (y del proyecto) escolar (Page, 2006).

In order to illuminate some of the basic terms of translation theory, I explore two essays, José María Arguedas' "The Anguish of the Mestizo" and Walter Benjamin's "The Task of the Translator." I argue that the terms of translation theory can be changed by paying attention to the ‘replies' to European modernity made from outside of Europe, especially those replies that come as theory from the colonized, in this case in the form of Arguedas' work. In the conclusion, I juxtapose Arguedas' work on Quechua and Spanish to explore aspects of translation and linguistic invention at another point of domination: in this case, African-American English as described by James Baldwin. Through that, we can measure the potential of a network of histories constructed from Europe's others.