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Gender and women's studies have become more visible in recent years. A tangible advance not only in academic terms, but also at a social and educational level. Although these issues have gained notoriety in our country, we note that this does not affect the same intensity in the educational field. At secondary level, these issues enter preferably from the hand of the Comprehensive Sexual Education Law (Law No. 26,150) although this does not happen systematically. We ask ourselves then about the History that is taught not only in high school, but also at University. Within this framework, we promptly inquire into the entry of these issues within the History Teachers Program at the National University of La Plata. In sum, this is a paper that tries to question which historical subjects regain voice in the teaching of university History and at the same time it presents the curriculum as a cultural, historical and gendered device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the incorporation process of the so-called "argentine emigration", in war forces and political circles of Montevideo and its rural hinterland between 1838 and 1846. This phenomenon, full of tensions, had a strong impact on the reconfiguration of local identities and "parties". Starting from a quantitative analysis about the volume of the military "emigration" this paper postulates that the construction of two officers' groups in the Río de la Plata region - "Argentine" and "Oriental"- was in fact a slow and conflictive process and was still far from complete in the middle of the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the press control practices used by the provincial political powers of Entre Ríos between 1862 and 1870. This period was characterized by an increasing political dispute and the deepening of public debate. An indication of this process is the increase in the number of newspapers and the diversity of their political positions. Most of the newspapers were Federalists and supporters of Urquiza, but they maintained a space of discursive autonomy and what was published did not always go along the lines of the caudillo's interest. Also, there were Unitary and dissident Federal newspapers which were very critical of the provincial government and the figure of Urquiza. Respect for press freedom as a legitimating principle of the exercise of power prevented the development of legislation restricting that freedom and discouraged the practice of filing law suits for libel against publishers or journalist among provincial officials. Hence, the way in which political power managed to limit opinion was dominated by informal practices of political control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the arguments regarding the regulation of freedom of the press in Corrientes during the second half of 19th century. In the first section I describe the main features of Corrientes' newspapers and the political context in which these discussions were held. Later, I analyze the participation of Agustín Justo, Miguel Morel and Santiago Baibiene in newspapers from Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires. The links between the debates about the freedom of press and the performance of the journalists in exile shows that these controversies revolved around three issues: the moral duties attributed to the press for the consolidation of a republican system; the limitations regarding the legitimacy of political dissent, and the role of the press in the trajectories of political elites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the conflictive implementation of freedom of the press in Buenos Aires, after the fall of Rosas' regime. It examines norms and the initiatives to reform them, some trials, government actions, and the debates within the legislature and the press. The study discusses the traditional interpretation according to which, in the province of Buenos Aires, those years were characterized by a wide freedom of expression. It also argues that the difficulties to implement freedom of the press in the 19th century are explained by the tension between the consideration of the press as a pillar of civilized, republican societies and, at the same time, as a corrosive agent of the social and political order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The methodological integration of different values in relation to the ecosystem services (ES) is a methodological challenge to be solved. This paper aims at integrating market and cultural values associated with the ES which can be found in the Mar Chiquito Biosphere reserve in the southeast of the province of Buenos Aires. This methodological approach allowed us to identify and assess the local benefits of the wetland, and to detect that they are equal to the budgetary allocation in social services such as health care, education, and the promotion of tourism of the homonymous municipality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women and Gender Studies invite us to re-read the role that is said women have developed by the different historiographical trends, which generally coincide in supporting the hegemonic gender ideology. Thus, the funding myths that support patriarchate leak historical discourses that settle in common sense women whose lives result anecdotic, never trascendental for history. This paper attempts to revise part of what has been said about Paula Albarracín, and to analize the facts that might have had incidence in remembering her as "Sarmiento's mother", "an illiterate woman who knitted", when even in the most conservative papers one can see that she was a woman with interests and practices that, undoubtedly, left a mark in Sarmiento. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing current social problems of the European continent such as nationalism, cannot be considered without setting them in the proper context, analyzing the processes that have characterized the history and formation of European societies. In this regard, this paper gathers and analyses the contribution of different authors to describe one of the military events that characterized the twentieth century: the wars in the Balkan area. Understanding the same approach implies understanding the multi-causal analysis of conflicts, given mainly by ethnic and religious conditions, as well as by the no less important political, economic, historical and international factors. Also, the analysis of events can advance critical thinking, due to the understanding of international pressures that acted as catalysts of the wars. The fragmentation of the former Yugoslavia resulted in countries that are not out of the economic crisis experienced for years, so nationalistic feelings are shaping the scene of the “Yugonostalgia”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the deployment of social networks of pastoral aborigen in the Argentinean Chaco region between 1970 and 1985. It describes the structuring process of these networks and analyzes the relations that pastoral aborigen agents held with anthropologists and anthropological knowledge. The analysis is based on files -which the author has had access to- located in what functioned as a regional training center. The paper suggests that, being Development an hegemonic paradigm in the 1960s, it created conditions of possibility for the deployment of these networks. Furthermore, the article argues that ethnic markings on populations in which the pastoral agents were involved with were mediated by an incorporation of different anthropological knowledge. In this regard, people first assumed as "the poorest of the poor" gradually became named as "communities" and pueblos aborígenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the influence that different political actors in the province of Cordoba had in changing the electoral system starting from the application of Sáenz Peña Law in the province context. In Córdoba, liberal democracy ideas echoed throughout the social fabric: Radical Civic Union, local press, and a liberal faction of the ruling class that since 1890 juarismo crisis had stayed away from the power. This pressure for changes on the provincial government of Felix Garzón, responding to a clerical faction of conservatism Cordoba, resulted in the conventional meeting to reform the provincial Constitution. In this context, conventional discourses are analyzed, highlighting similarities and differences within the provincial conservatism and paying special attention to proposals concerning the ideas of democratization of the political-institutional system of the province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the role of women in Ancient Greek intellectual landscape means facing the absence of textual evidence of their work, which forces to employ the testimonies of their lives embedded, almost always, in others thinkers' doxography. This is the case of Aspasia of Miletus, who was part of Pericles' circle. In this paper I will present a doxographical reconstruction of Aspasia's activity in the fifth century, bearing in mind the historical situation when she lived and the challenges she faced for being a woman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we address the positions taken by two Catholic magazines, Criterio and Esquiú, referring to the review of past and the prosecution of human rights violations between 1981 and 1985. In their interventions is possible to trace political perspectives, interpretations of specific events and different conceptions of the link between religion and politics in the post-dictatorship scenario. In this sense, and bearing in mind that these were Catholic magazines we wonder up to what extent their interventions were permeated by a widespread reconciliatory speech that invoked the hierarchy of the Church and bishops, politicians and military leaders used to claim political decision to close the review of past. We understand that Catholic publications, apart from responding to business logics and cultivating certain links with the readers, are immersed in a power configuration that includes the Catholic hierarchy, and this "hermeneutic pole" should be considered when analyzing their positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the interpretations of the mobilizations and shaping of Catholic crowds in Argentina during the first half of the twentieth century. First, the text identifies the performative effects of the "classical paradigm" of secularization. Secondly, the article proposes relocating the contributions of the political approach, conceived in the context of the 1980s, in a broader explanatory framework, open to recent contributions of social and cultural history. To this end, the paper proposes a model based on the concept of crowd with the aim of discussing different dimensions of the phenomenon, highlighting its multifaceted nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the 19th century, in the context of setting up the new republican order, the humanization of physical punishments was promoted. As part of a cultural climate affected by the individualization of the body, modern educational trends questioned the excessive punishment of children. This paper discusses the reviews of such disciplinary practices in Buenos Aires elementary schools and its countryside, with the aim of reflecting on how this "civilized awareness" process struggled for a punishment economy to design--at the end of the century--a new ethical code of honor and virtue based on self-discipline as the kind of behavior that should be adopted by future citizens of the republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses pre-service teacher training in Chile from a critical perspective related to the historical transformation in which it takes place. This analysis was based on an institutional framework which allowed it to expand in a steady and consistent way. The consolidation scene of this process was altered by the emergence of the military government, which introduced a new structure supported by an economic model that led to an exacerbated enrollment expansion and brought about deregulation and low quality. This situation, despite the efforts of recent governments, has not been reversed yet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper we analyze the emergence of political-union identities, and its search for new forms of organization, in the final period of the dictatorship called "Revolución Argentina". To do so we reconstruct the different strategies of the new peronist unionism, from 1970 until 1973, by portraying their relations with previous combative experiences, and their opposition to the national CGT led by Rucci, to the dictatorship and to Lanusse's political exit. The empirical work will be analyzed in the frame of the question about the relationship between institutions and political identities, specifically the organizations (unions and unions groupings) with the workers and popular identities, and the dispute over their representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents advances in research and extension work with groups of women workers who display livelihood strategies and income generation as a group in the period 2001-2012, in Santa Rosa, La Pampa. The recovery phase of economic and labor market recovery from 2002, did not impact on society in an equitable manner, the lower-income social sectors continued to develop low-profit activities in the field of informal market and precarious. Access to work, and the conditions under which it develops, demonstrates a heterogeneous scenario, unequal and exclusionary. Gender inequalities are added to the class, and the difficulties of access to remunerated activities, the study population adds a huge burden of unpaid domestic work - care - for which there is a gap in the design of public policy, which exposes them to new inequalities. Economies of poverty, work and collective action, empowerment of women, new work identities, inequalities, segregation; intersect in interpretive and are embodied in each of the workers. Interpellate via its tensions, the state, society, the university and the role of the social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the constitution of Pampa organizations of human rights defenders and their active participation in the formation of an investigative body to recover silenced history on the actions of state terrorism in the province of La Pampa, which were under the control of the subarea 14 First Army Corps. In the quest for transparency our recent history Movement for Human Rights has played an important role, essentially paving the way of historical reconstruction and preservation of national memory. The methodology of work consist in analyzing the documentary sources and retrieve the testimony and actions of those who were actively involved in the search for justice, truth, the reconstruction of the historical memory of our country and the recovery of individual and collective rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the official proposal for recent history teaching. For such purpose, we draw on national education laws (1993 and 2006), the curricula approved from 1995 to present for the secondary level (at the national level and at the Province of Buenos Aires) and regulations of the commemorations--especially March 24th and September 16th--. This analysis will be made in relation to the representations of memory and the progress of historiography about recent past, to consider up to what extent school contents have witnessed an impact due to changes in these narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper results from a research project of wider scope, Rural Territorial Development. Territorial management in the Guatraché Department, La Pampa, which shows the findings of research carried out in the Guatraché Department, in the Province of La Pampa. The project aims at producing a panorama of the agricultural activity of this area from the beginnings of the process of colonization in 1879 -which marks the occupation of the territory after the clearing of the aborigines, coinciding with the end of the “Desert Campaign"-, until the present time –which is framed by the complexity of globalization. The province of La Pampa, at that time Territory of Central La Pampa, with its East and South East areas showing climate and soil parameters suitable for the above-mentioned activities, turned into the setting of an intense colonization sustained by various railway companies, pillars of the economic system prevailing in the Argentine Republic in late nineteenth and early twentieth century. As part of this territory, the Guatraché Department was the scenario of an important agricultural and stockbreeding activity -this being so at least until the start of severe climate crises which, along with international events (the Second World War) disrupted the model. After the former, the diversification of farming complemented with stockbreeding, where sheep were gradually replaced by cattle, characterized the activity until the nineties. At that time, a new international scenario marked by globalization, with the liberation of the markets and state decentralization, formed part of the neo-liberal politics of the times. The rural sector was also part of the process and its consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intense process of state development, which generated social intervention and new capacities to produce public policies, took place since the forties in Argentina. This phenomenon was accompanied by trends towards an increasing centralization of the political power in the Executive branch of the government. Within this context, this paper attempts to explore these processes from a perspective based on a provincial jurisdiction, constructing an account that locates the history of this political entity within the more comprehensive story of the structuring of the Interventionist State. In order to achieve this purpose, the history of one provincial health department and its relationships with the Federal State organizations are analyzed, trying to unravel the reactions that the provincial state elaborated to the process of centralization of social policies, which accompanied the emergence of Peronism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tries to make a revision of the conflicts, negotiations and coexistences that characterized the configuration of the pedagogical field in Argentina during the 1930s, as well as recognizing the place that the New School occupied in it. This school of thought was not totally consistent as a whole: in fact, there was a wide range of interpretations about these ideas. In the Argentine pedagogical field of this decade, the relationship between the State and the educationalists who promoted New School's ideas was not always characterized by imposition or transgression. The New School wasn't an outsider in the educational system and the educational policy received its influence. Argentine promoters of New School that gathered around La Obra tried to present themselves as innovators in terms of pedagogical knowledge in order to appear as the only group capable of transforming the educational system as well as the only qualified to become spokesman for all the teachers in the country. This paper will analyze the underlying logic of the speeches of teachers and educationalists. It will be stated throughout this article that even though the Argentine pedagogical field had close connections with politics, it also followed its own path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of the nineteenth century, a process of modernization and development took place in Argentina, within the frame of the nation-state consolidation. In this context, the country witnessed a discursive profusion that expected to introduce disciplinary instruments into society, among which the creation of a modern maternal ideal can be mentioned. This paper analyzes the main topics of such discourses, through one the main media available to spread them in rural central and southern Buenos Aires in our period: the local press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The brief text of the Didaché was 'rediscovered' a hundred and thirty-six years ago (1873) and it was edited for scholarly reading and analysis in 1883. Since then, several theories and interpretations have been proposed so as to its authors' identity, the audience it was written for, the sources and theological perspectives as well as the ecclesiology underlying the intricate tapestry of the topics which are considered to be foundations of the Western Christianity. Our aim in this paper is to look into the net of later rewritings for the Jew features, which can be clearly perceived as an early stratum in chapters 1-6 -referring to the moral teaching of the two ways-, in chapter 7 -related to the baptism- and in chapters 9-10 and 14 related to the Eucharistic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between José Ingenieros's cases and biographical narrative procedures. The cases were derived from medical histories and were published in Criminología and other books. Biographies were textual models privileged by positivist historians. One thing in common between these cases and biographies is the exemplar and non-anonymous condition of the characters. That phenomenon is closely related to medical professional performance, expanded to other intellectual realms thanks to dominant cientificismo. This situation led doctors to interpret political and social history. Moreover, some physicians' professional biographies could be read in the cases because an autobiographical intention has penetrated the apparently neutral and objective medical discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The productive exploitation of the "territorial near west" since the end of the nineteenth century was based on the natural supply according to the priority bestowed by the prevailing development model, within the framework of the insertion of the Argentine Republic in the international division of labour. This paper determines the production cycles defined from the use and transformation of the ecosystems (pasture, forest extraction) or their substitution by farming, and holds the hypothesis that the former was limited with regard to the process of exploitation and plundering to which it was subjected. Overloading the fields with livestock, as if they were the rich grasslands of the province of Buenos Aires, agricultural practices and deforestation caused, within a few years, soil exhaustion and erosion resulting from trampling and dryness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During last years as much in the frame of the celebration of the 100 years public festivities of both most important cities located in the Gulf San Jorge basin (Comodoro Rivadavia and Caleta Olivia) as in the most recent commemoration of the centenary of the discovery of the oil in the zone, women appropriated diverse uses of the past to ask for the right to have a past. Beyond the public festivities which were arranged from the official sphere, the petroleum companies or the mass media, an important group of women organized different commemoration practices; the publication of books and photographic samples stood out among them. It has allowed a fruitful exchange among people who are in the academy and out of it. In the paper I try to show that this memoralist outbreak in terms of gender, having revalued topics such as the child-rearing, the family care, the informal sociability puts the emphasis on the domesticity and the exaltation of the kinship networks to emphasize the rol of women in that past. As the cult of motherhood represented social inclusion for these women, in this work I suggest that it is again the articulation of women - maternity - family - history - nation what returns to center stage, but those who promote such social commemoration practices have created places of memory in the center of the sphere of production: places where the men had dominated historically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze in this paper the use of photography in the Catholic historiography of La Pampa in general, and we particularly focus on the production of a group of priests who, from the 1920s onwards, have built the 'official history' of the Catholic Church in the region. The works by Roberto Tavella (1924), Lorenzo Massa (1967), Cayetano Bruno (1983), and Roberto Tavella and Celso Valla (1974) belong in that construction, in which the photographs tend to empirically support what the written text strives to state: that the Church was a central component in the civilizing process of La Pampa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, transformations of internal links within the indigenous political field are explored, focusing on the last decades of the frontier. This period, in which the state progresses towards its political unification and institutional consolidation, state policies regarding Indian people show a more unified profile and aim to create the conditions necessary for the frontiers advance. The peace treaties policy, extended to almost the whole indigenous map, will be one of the devices through the state will attempt to canalize and to order its relations with different chiefs and groups. Our interest attempts to identify the probable conditionings and influences of this policy on the indigenous population at the conformation, strengthening and weakening of their political alliances. We intend specifically to reconstruct-within this context-the process of the Calfucurá's leadership, to identify the impact of state interventions over the extent of his political summoning capacity during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the literary genre and classic authors used by the first Latin apologists Tertullian and Minucius Felix to deepen the question of the classic Latin reception for the construction, consolidation and diffusion of Christianity. This look tries to understand the choice of literary genre and the use and appropriation of argumentations and elements of classical authors like moments of a practice and, therefore, of a process, which become understandable and explainable as a strategy, having in account the place from where they are produced. Understood as a strategy, the literary genre is linked to the construction of the power to set itself up as speaker authorized. From this perspective we will approach the reception and use of Latin authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with some beliefs and attitudes produced by the victorious groups of the coup d'état that took place in October 1820. We attempt to show that after these violent political episodes, centralist sectors displayed a conciliatory rhetoric that can be traced in periodicals and in the messages announced by men with political and military power in the province. Such a rhetoric was accompanied by measures taken by the provincial executive power and they were intended to integrate some federal sectors recently defeated. This statement allows to question the idea that October winners started an intense revenge over defeated groups, which could be noticed in the new military reforms where no former revolutionary would be included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1779 the fort of Carmen de Patagones was founded in the South of the current province of Buenos Aires in response to the Bourbons politics to ensure the territorial control of its colonial dominions. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the development of this town from its establishment to the Rosas government period, recognizing different stages. The first one makes reference to the process of occupation of the land through a particular relation with the native groups of the zone. In a second stage, the fort obtains a relative autonomy in the handling of its political and administrative matters. And in the third one, the government attempted --with relative success-- to limit this autonomy exerting a greater control on the life of the fort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has the purpose of contributing evidence about the complexity to which the schools and the teaching staff have to afford when they have to deal with the changes of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and their educational use. We begin with the presentation of the investigation from which this text comes and argue that the professional histories of life constitute important evidence to understand what is happening at schools. Then, we focus on the situation of the ICT in education. All the teachers who participate in this investigation, except one, said that ICT were the cause of transformations and important changes for education and also an object of personal and professional questions and reflection, whether they were used in the classroom or not. That is why we studied this topic from three different angles. In the first place, we briefly referred to how the ICT ate changing the way in which people relate with information and how they place themselves in front of learning; to face difficulties of education systems and start using ICT oriented to get ah improvement of school and the learning process of students and teachers. Finally, and before the conclusions, we take some extracts of the professional lives of eleven teachers that offer their corporized experience in relation with the ICT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last quarter of the 20th century intense changes took place in the macroeconomic conditions of Argentina. These transformations, based on the application of an economic policy contrary to the tenets of the welfare state and on a reshaping of the roles of the state, the market and society as a whole, deeply hindered the development of the local production. This article describes the main traits of Argentine economic policy between 1975 and 2005 and its impact on the dairy industry in the country as a whole and in La Pampa in particular taking into consideration a wide variety of sources which include not only statistical data and official information but also academic papers and reports published in national and local newspapers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies about property rights have only recently started to attract the attention of economic historians in Argentina. In this paper, focusing upon normative aspects, it is our purpose to analyze changes and continuities produced within legal conceptions concerning the rights of property, family and heritage rights by the second half of the 19th century. Debates and speeches from politicians, lawyers, and owners, will be analyzed, as well as the expression they found in two key works: the Rural Code of the Province of Buenos Aires, from 1865, and the Civil Code from 1869 (promulgated in 1871), which stated -with different shades of meaning- private property as absolute, individual and inalienable. The balance between continuity/break up of conceptions and speeches posed from the law field will also allow to analyze its impact and projection over the configuration of the Argentinian society during the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the similarities in terms of historical conceptions between Hannah Arendt and Arthur Danto. On the basis of those similarities, and m view of the fact that the works of Arendt related to this subject were published before those of Dante- middle and late 50s- we will try to show how this authoress anticipated, m a certain way, the general approach of historical narrativism that began with Dante's publication in 1965 of his book Filosofia analítica de la historia en We also consider that, unlike Dante. Arendt deals not only with the epistemological issues of History but also with the relationship between History and Politics This particular aspect in Arendt's approach, that we will call the political dimension of History, plays a key role In the strengthening o1 the public sphere [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the form and arguments used by J. Escriche (Spain, XIXth Century) to interpret the female condition in law and the legal status of women as presented in his Diccionario razonado de legislación y jurisprudencia (1847). The concept of "gender" as an analytical category facilitated the posing of research questions and analysis of the judiciary voices involving women. These, in most cases, implied an unequal relationship between sexes. Law -- as a social construction -reflected this relationship and institutionalized a judiciary dependence of women towards men. Spaces, functions and judiciary possibilities were delimited for women. The result was that the female condition derived in a different judiciary status with -- in general -- more restricted rights, especially for married women. According to Escriche, biological sex distinction had incidence in the differences in behavior and character -- women were weaker, frailer, inexpert and less intelligent, prudent or constant than men. Consequently, social patterns, habits and activities were established for each sex, as well as markedly different ideals of femaleness and maleness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present the need to introduce recent History in the secondary school curriculum, discuss the difficulties implied in such decision, challenge the objections raised by the "Historical Corporation" and advocate for its importance in the development of individuals as citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]