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For the sake of prevention in high conflict families in process of separation or divorce who resolve situations by only attending court, and since there is no instrument to identify this trend, this paper aims to create a questionnaire for measuring characteristics predicting judicialization. This paper focuses on C-JUDIFA questionnaire's content and internal validity, confirming that the items used accurately describe the characteristics to be measured while obtaining a good representativeness of the proposed scales. Factor analysis supports the three-factor structure theoretically proposed, while finding a strong correlation between all 9 suggested constructs. Likewise, further research is needed in order to analyze the relationship of all these factors in the judicialization tendency through the research of external validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Court preparation programs are a resource that aims to reduce the discomfort produced in child victims; nevertheless, studies on their effectiveness are scarce. The aim of this paper is to offer a review of these programs in order to know if the objectives foreseen in their design are being fulfilled and if the effect they are producing is really the expected one. To this end, a systematic search was carried out in the main databases following the PRISMA guidelines. The six included studies show that participants in preparation programs, as well as their primary caregivers and legal professionals consider that these programs reduce anxiety and facilitate victims' testimony. There is a need to adapt and implement these programs in Spain to reduce secondary victimization of children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabajo persigue dos objetivos. En primer lugar, estudiar el efecto potencial de la percepción del clima escolar por parte de los profesores y de las variables motivacionales de estos relacionadas con los estudiantes en la satisfacción de los profesores con la escuela y el clima motivacional del aula (CMC). En segundo lugar, validar una batería de cuestionarios para evaluar las diferentes variables motivacionales de los docentes relacionadas con los estudiantes: conocimiento motivacional, enfoque de los docentes en las calificaciones y necesidades emocionales de los estudiantes y expectativas. En total, 441 profesores y 5,380 estudiantes de España y Costa Rica participaron en el estudio. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios mostraron la adecuación de la estructura de cada cuestionario. Además, los resultados de los análisis de correlación y regresión mostraron, en primer lugar, que la percepción del clima escolar, junto con las expectativas de los profesores, son los principales factores que pueden influir en la satisfacción de los profesores con la escuela. En segundo lugar, que el CMC no depende de la satisfacción de los profesores, sino solo de dos componentes del clima escolar, el apoyo mutuo de los profesores y las actitudes de los estudiantes, y de las expectativas de autoeficacia. En ambos análisis de regresión, satisfacción y CMC, se encontraron diferencias transculturales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobbing is a psychosocial risk whose impact goes beyond victims' physical and mental health and, hence, affects organizations and society. Although historically this phenomenon has been studied from the perspective of Work and Organizational Psychology, the fact of being covered in the reform of the Criminal Code of 2010 and its increasing role in clinical and forensic context have raised interest in its approach and assessment. In the present paper, a systematic review of the most relevant assessment instruments—widely used and with reliable psychometric properties—in Spain and Latin America is carried out. In addition, the bases to assess psychological injury and the role of instruments when conducting the forensic evaluation of mobbing are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinship foster care is the most common child protection measure in Spain. This paper defines a profile of these families in three districts of the city of Madrid and proposes lines of intervention. A descriptive methodology is used considering the age of children and caregivers, family relationship, or kind of child protection measure. Results show that the most common kinship caregiver is the maternal grandmother, the most used form of kinship foster care is permanent administrative care and the protection measure mostly agreed upon is guardianship. Intervention should focus on problems related to intergenerational differences, relationship improvement, and the elaboration of children's life stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the implementation process of two evidence-based programs in Gipuzkoa's Child Protection System (Spain): SafeCare and Incredible Years. SafeCare is a home visiting program for high-risk and neglectful families with children under 5 years. Incredible Years is a parenting skills training program for families with children between 4 to 8 years with behavior problems whose parents have significant difficulties to manage. The paper describes the process by which public institutions responsible for child protection in Gipuzkoa decided to shift from current intervention programs towards more structured, focused, and short-term programs that have shown positive results in previous applications in other countries. Issues related to programs adaptation, selection, and training of professionals and pre- and post-results obtained in the preliminary application of SafeCare and Incredible Years to a limited set of families are presented. Finally, the next step of the implementation process (pilot implementation with a randomized control trial design) is described. The paper discusses a significant number of issues that have been important throughout this process and that may be useful for administrations and institutions that wish to undertake a similar process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homicide is the most extreme sign of violence. It generates social anxiety when occurs in personal relationships, where usually women are six times more likely of being murdered. Although Spain has an intimate partner homicide rate against women below the European and the world averages and has policies to reduce all forms of gender-based violence, homicides continue to happen. So, to avoid further deaths, it is necessary to study the phenomenon extensively. Since 1990, homicide review teams in the family context have been developed in different countries. These teams analyze this kind of deaths in a multidisciplinary way in order to determine the common factors they present and the changes that should be implemented to avoid future violent deaths. This paper reviews the characteristics of the international teams, and also describes the origin, composition, and the operational structure of the recently created National Team for In- Depth Homicide Review of Gender Violence (EHVdG) in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the sociodemographic, clinical, and health care variables included in the interconsultation reports (PIC) that bring adult patients over a period of 15 days, collected consecutively in the months of March through June 2015 from three mental health centers in Madrid (Colmenar Viejo CSM, Villaverde CSM, and Vallecas Villa CSM). The statistical analysis of data, including analysis of descriptive variables and dichotomous variables, shows the following results: two thirds of referrals are transfers to psychiatry and one third are transfers to clinical psychology; mean time in the waiting list is 74 days for clinical psychology consultation and 38 days for psychiatry consultation; preferential referrals are 31%, with 28 days of mean time in waiting list, being mostly intended for psychiatry; main referred pathologies are anxiety and adaptive and depressive disorders; 46.7% of patients transferred to mental health were already taking some psychiatric medication; clinical psychology referrals involve significantly younge and less medicated patients, significantly less preferential, and with fewer diagnostic and pharmacologic specifications in the PIC than psychiatry referrals. These results are consistent with previous studies, although we have not found other studies that include more than one mental health center, or analyze qualitative information contained in the inter-consultation reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arrival of numerous unaccompanied asylum seeker children (UASC) over the past 20 years has been a challenge for the child welfare system in Spain. Child care resources and professionals have made a big effort to adapt services and procedures to the specific needs of these adolescents. This paper aims to describe the characteristics and needs of the UASC welcomed in Spain, and the intervention process carried out, in comparison with other countries. The documents published in each territory were examined, and individual interviews (n = 42) and group interviews (n = 8) were conducted with adolescents and professionals (n = 68) in 9 territories. The similarities and differences in each of the phases of care, as well as the specific needs of these adolescents in education, health, housing, transition to adulthood and social support, are described. There are significant differences in the model of intervention in each region, and in the creation of programs and services to assist these adolescents with adaptation to the host country. Further support for the transition to adulthood and attention to their emotional distress should be included in service provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological maltreatment is one of the main and potentially more destructive forms of child maltreatment. It is difficult to identify, assess and treat. Compared to other forms of child maltreatment such as sexual abuse, physical abuse and neglect, attention received from researchers, child protection service managers and practitioners has been scarce. A review of available knowledge about psychological maltreatment reveals challenges to define the concept in ways useful to policy makers and practitioners. This paper presents a review of definitions of child psychological maltreatment and several measures available for assessing its severity. The review has been used in the Comunidad Autónoma Vasca (Spain) to develop more specific criteria for the identification and severity assessment of child psychological maltreatment in Spanish children services. This paper develops these criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological maltreatment is one of the main and potentially more destructive forms of child maltreatment. It is difficult to identify, assess and treat. Compared to other forms of child maltreatment such as sexual abuse, physical abuse and neglect, attention received from researchers, child protection service managers and practitioners has been scarce. A review of available knowledge about psychological maltreatment reveals challenges to define the concept in ways useful to policy makers and practitioners. This paper presents a review of definitions of child psychological maltreatment and several measures available for assessing its severity. The review has been used in the Comunidad Autónoma Vasca (Spain) to develop more specific criteria for the identification and severity assessment of child psychological maltreatment in Spanish children services. This paper develops these criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobility is a human dimension that has been a part of human behaviour since humanity began. However, the actual exodus of impoverished people to the more opulent zones of the planet represents new challenges that need to be explored with new perspectives and approaches. Liberation psychology can assist in answering these challenges. On one hand, it permits an explanation of displaced people and poor immigrants' human suffering in terms of the life experiences oppressively imposed on them by other human groups as a means to maintain privileges. On the other hand, it allows knowing how immigrants confront and overcome unjust conditions, destroy their position as oppressed, strengthen bonds with other groups, and carry out actions as a means to forge cohesion and cooperation in the contexts of reception and to achieve equitable multicultural international relations. This paper describes the initiatives that we have achieved in CESPYD for the purpose of studying these aspects in depth. First we discuss the difficulties that the dominant perspective of acculturation psychology poses in tackling the challenges that new migration represents. Additionally, we suggest liberation psychology as an adequate focus to complete a traditional perspective. Furthermore, we redefine concepts of integration and cultural competency as processes of psychopolitical empowerment and the community-based organizations and health organizations as empowering community settings. Finally, this paper proposes some research directions that can broaden its focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper gathers the opinions of more than 80% of school counselors working in secondary schools in Aragon. They were asked about the amount of time spent in performing their duties. The paper highlights those duties that are more time consuming (psichopedagogical advice, information/counseling to the school community and teaching) and less time consuming (evaluation, innovation and research). The data allows us to highlight the close relationship between theory and practice in school counselor tasks. The paper analyzes the relationship between the importance attributed to their duties and the time devoted to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is aimed at emphasizing the importance of using parenting programs to promote parental competences. There is a need for this support taking into account the complexity of the parenting task in our modern societies. Following the European recommendation on positive parenting, parenting programs are considered important measures to support parents in their educational role. Following, several generations of parenting programs in the international context are briefly described along with some examples of programs in the national context as well. This paper provides some reflection on three models of parental education and shows the results of an experiential parenting program addressed to parents in psychosocial risk situations in two Spanish communities. A new program "Crecer felices en familia", still in the implementation phase, is also described. As a conclusion, the paper emphasizes the importance of evaluating programs in order to know more about their efficacy and to improve implementation in real settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the need to promote Educational Guidance for Family Life as a means to support families in developing a Positive Parenting role, as suggested by the Council of Europe (2006). This Recommendation is discussed in some detail and some measures that had been put into practice in Spain to support families under special circumstances are reviewed; in order to do so, Programme-Agreements which had been developed in recent years sponsored by both the central government and the Spanish Autonomous Cities and Communities are described. Moreover, other preventive and community measures focused on socio-educative support for all families through Positive Parenting Programmes are mentioned. This paper ends with some suggestions about actions which require a multidisciplinary, collaborative, network approach among the diverse social entities and institutions working in favour of families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adaptation to the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) will involve, among many other changes, the use of a methodology oriented to provide students with know-how skills. In Spain, this has to be implemented through new learning activities (i.e., practical exercises that mimic real situations) and new evaluation methods (based on continuous feedback) in an otherwise adverse environment because of the large number of students per classroom. In this paper, we report a five-year experience using this methodology in the subject Research Methods. Students were requested to carry out a small research project. In groups of five, they had to work through all the stages of an experimental research, from searching and picking out relevant information to writing the final report. This paper describes the key aspects to be considered before implementing an experience of this kind, the different stages of the study and finally some of the advantages and disadvantages of the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the need, not only technical but also legal (Act 7/2007), of carrying out performance evaluations as a normal human resources practice in the Spanish Public Administration. The article identifies the advantages of not doing this kind of evaluations systematically in the Spanish public administration, as some kind of performance evaluation is somewhat made. Three categories in the performance domain are described --task performance, contextual performance and counter-productive behaviors. Some criteria are also offered with respect to how to proceed with performance evaluation and how to overcome typical measurement errors --both from literature and from the task analysis process. Finally, the paper shows recent meta-analysis outcomes about reliability and construct validity of performance evaluations --an evidence for the existence of criteria, contents and techniques to guarantee good performance evaluations in the Spanish public administrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The criminal profiling, understood as the process of inferring identifying offender features by analyzing evidences from the crime scene, has been criticized for its doubtful scientific nature, along with its lack of theoretical and empirical support. However, at present a model has emerged that works on the professionalization of the analysis of criminal behavior in police forces, through a rigorous application of the psychological knowledge to the criminal investigation. This line of working, initiated by Canter, involves the multivariate statistical application to solved criminal acts, thereby creating typologies (inductive profiling). Thus, it is possible to see if there are types of people most likely to commit certain sort of events. In this paper, a two-stage cluster analysis is used in a sample of 117 fires occurred in 2011. The results show five types of fire profiles. This model would show consistence with the results of previous years, and it is easily interpretable by police officers so that it could be used to new fires when the identity of perpetrators is unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a literature review of recent studies on partner violence against women in Spain, this paper describes the central indicators of frequency, prevalence and course of domestic abuse. The main characteristics of battered women, their children, the male aggressors, and the social and professional context in which these actions take place are summarized. Partner violence against women in Spain appears to be a serious social problem affecting a significant number of people. It is also a very heterogeneous and widespread phenomenon particularly with respect to female victims' characteristics. However, studies offer a more homogenous profile of the course of domestic violence against women. Asa whole, available indicators of domestic violence against women in Spain led us to cast some doubt and refute many of the prejudices about this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a study analyzing the relationship between some dimensions or developmental assets in the neighborhood, as measured by the Scale for the Assessment of Developmental Assets in the Neighborhood, and adjustment and life satisfaction of adolescent boys and girls. The sample consisted of 2400 adolescents (1068 boys and 1332 girls) between ages 12 and 17 who were secondary students in public and private schools in Western Andalusia. The results showed significant relationships between most dimensions of the scale (youth empowerment, attachment to neighborhood safety and social control) and internalizing and externalizing problems, substance use and life satisfaction of participants. Moreover, the data provide evidence about the external validity of the scale used in the study. From the results some suggestions for intervention in the community environment are extracted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the experience of Community Care Services and Educational Psychology, which, on a municipal level, are developing different intervention programs and preventive community activities. These activities are based on a needs analysis to enable the continuous updating of performance targets and are based on a competency model and evaluable methodology. This service covers an area of needs and a specific job for which there is currently no response from any other department or agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction in Spain of the Spanish Law on Comprehensive Preventive and Protective Measures against Gender Violence, (L. O. 1/2004), has supposed that a very large number of sentenced as batterers are eligible to parole or supervision orders as an alternative to incarceration. This paper reviews the state of the art in terms of the theoretical explanations and efficacy of the interventions, concluding that the intervention that has proven to be more effective is one driven by the specific needs and characteristics of the batterer rather than those based on general intervention programs for all the batterers. The evaluation schedule for this aim is discussed. Other additional features of the intervention that mediate the efficiency of the outcomes are also discussed. For the treatment under these conditions, in Galician, Northwest of Spain, a psychosocial program was developed, the Galician Programme for the Treatment and Re-education of Convicted Gender Aggressors (Arce and Fariña, 2007). The results of the implementation of this program from 2005 to 2010 are satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Spain, after the coming into force of Organic Law 1/2004 (Integral Protection Measures against Gender Violence) intervention programs for perpetrators of domestic violence have become necessary for the application of conditional suspended sentences in cases of gender violence. The aim of this paper is to present the work done in the Programa Contexto (University of Valencia) in the field of research, training and intervention in those convicted of domestic violence. Firstly, we describe the main characteristics and guidelines for intervention in the program, in conjunction with its structure and different phases. Secondly, the training process provided for volunteers on the program is described, and the training activities developed by the team members. Finally, we present the main lines of research that are guiding the work of the team that is part of Programa Contexto and the preliminary results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines, first, data about perceptions and attitudes in Latin-American immigrants and the Spanish population towards intimate partner violence against women. Secondly, it explores correlates of attitudes towards reporting cases of partner violence against women in a sample of Latin-American immigrants. Three data sources, which include two representative samples of the Spanish population and a sample of Latin-American immigrants, are used. Results show significant differences between Spanish and immigrant perceptions and attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women. Analyses also show that positive attitudes among Latin-American immigrants towards reporting cases of partner violence were more frequent among those who were less tolerant, who perceived it as a major problem in society, and tended not to blame the victims. These results underline the importance of public attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women for the understanding and prevention of this social problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the experience of a program evaluation in Madrid - the evaluation of a social care program for people with chronic and severe mental illness. It is a global evaluation, including different aspects of the program - although a special attention is paid to the resources network. The evaluation process is described, including goals, methodology, phases, activities, instruments and procedures. Finally, some results are shown concerning evaluation in 2006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of both the current need to formulate a comprehensive treatment for severe chronic mentally ill patients and the increasing tendency to outpatient care, this paper presents a theoretical review of two acknowledged socio-community based approaches -- the assertive community treatment and the therapeutic accompaniment. First, a definition of "severe chronic mental illness" is forwarded along with a brief review of the background of socio-community based intervention. Then, an outline of the community social support team is made -- a new multidisciplinary device in Madrid Region for treating this kind of patients. Finally, practical considerations are made about issues such as the concept of setting, in vivo treatment, illness awareness and the importance of community involvement in the treatment of these patients. Some recommendations are also made for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The setting up of small shops by foreign people involves a number of difficulties and challenges with respect to how it fits in certain districts. These issues have been tackled from the view of intercultural mediation. This kind of intervention focuses on relationships and communication among shopkeepers by highlighting their common interests. Intervention also includes making associative networks acknowledge and adapt to new realities. This paper describes a process of intervention focused on community intercultural mediation carried out in small shops in a district of Barcelona. First, the most significant results of the diagnosis stage are shown concerning the speech and relationships of the main agents along with "conflict" analysis. Then a detailed mediation intervention is described that was carried out with a group of shopkeepers called "shop promoting group". Finally, bearing in mind their high participative and transformational potential, some general appraisals are made with respect to the impact of this type of processes and their continuity and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last two decades, Spain has become a major immigration country with the associated economical, labour, cultural impact and its implications. This paper departs from a consideration of the complexity and multi-dimensionality of this phenomenon. A review is made of literature regarding the connexion between acculturation strategies deployed by the immigrants and social values —a key component of work fit and work meaning. Acculturation strategies in this exploratory study are based on Berry's Model. These strategies identify which work aspects are awarded more importance and to what extent cultures from both the country of origin and the host country influence the attribution of value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study of violent behavior patterns of adolescents at school, along with its relation to learning and motivational cognitive strategies and to academic performance. Two questionnaires (CEVEO and CEAM) were completed by 1,512 secondary education students in Madrid region schools located in towns over 50,000 inhabitants. The main outcomes were the following: a) the main differences in learning cognitive strategies focused on finding the essential and superficial approach; b) significant differences in motivational cognitive strategies were observed; and c) significant differences were also found in academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the performance of a group of 96 mentally handicapped persons in the WISC-IV. The statistical descriptive analysis shows an anomalous distribution with accumulation in the lower values both in the four indexes and in the IQ. Since the IQ for those with no matches is 40 and those who score 0 in Working Memory and Processing Speed get 50, a significant group of mentally handicapped persons are left out of score. There is a factor explaining 52.8% of the total variance, which can be interpreted as factor g. After rotation, four orthogonal factors are obtained which differ from those from a normal population in which Arithmetic goes to Verbal Comprehension and Concepts goes to Working Memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is the elaboration of an instrument to assess quality of life (QL) of aging persons with disability. It has been applied to a sample of 2.292 persons older than 45 years, from different regions of Spain. The need of QL assessment instruments for this group of persons with disability who are aging will allow us to make valid and reliable measures to plan efficient intervention actions and strategies, and has motivated the creation of this Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ). The analysis of the scale psychometric properties shows high internal consistency, Cronbach's alfa of 0,92. Scale dimensionality offers a hexafactorial solution that tests six of the main QL dimensions, such as, physical well being, social inclusion, emotional well being, personal development and self-determination, interpersonal relationship and material well being. These results give evidence of the QLQ suitability to assess the QL, as it is perceived by the sample of our study, the ageing persons with disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic psychology represents a classic psychology specialty among Anglo-Saxon countries which is becoming more and more important in Spain nowadays --it is becoming usual that forensic experts advise courts and judges on psychological issues. Furthermore, psychologist's intervention as a forensic expert in social jurisdiction is a novel activity compared to other fields such as criminal, under aged and families. Therefore, expertise on preventive actions and work psychology are very useful, not to say that a comprehensive training in clinical psychology (evaluation, psycho-diagnosis, psychopathology, etc.) is a key ingredient of a skilled forensic expert. This paper is a report by forensic and work psychology experts on mobbing, a subject matter that can be approached in Spain from different jurisdictions --civil, criminal, social, administrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a program developed by the Navarran Institute for Public Administration in the Navarran Government. The program is conceived as a two-year training internship targeted for junior psychologists. This training programs attempts to provide psychologists with a specialized knowledge and practical experience in the fields of personnel selection, human resources management and training, and the processes of organizational improvement. So, they will be enabled to handle the ever increasing demands both from public administration and the industry. Finally, a number of testimonies by the psychologists who developed the program are gathered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jobs in the General Public Administration of the Basque Country were analyzed on the occasion of functional analysis implementation (Gorriti, 2003; Office for the Modernization of the Public Administration, 1998). As a step in the job analysis process, a number of interviews were carried out to analyze the representative tasks in each job. The interviews yielded 1,410 cognitive skill descriptors and 1,344 social skill descriptors. Based on semantic similarity criteria, five human resources experts reduced the number of descriptors to 94 and 65 respectively, without losing any meaning. This paper checks the semantic consistency of these latter descriptors according to the Content Validity Ratio (CVS) (Lawshe, 1975). Data analysis identified which descriptors to keep and which of them needed to be modified or rejected. As a result of this second analysis, 30 cognitive skill descriptors and 26 social skill descriptors were left. These final descriptors will be the base for further studies in an attempt to identify a factor structure and develop a taxonomy of mental skills on one side and social skills on the other side concerning the employees of the General Public Administration of the Basque Country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personnel selection processes carried out by the Navarran Institute for Public Administration (INAP) achieved the ISO 9001-2000 Standards in 2002. INAP is an autonomous organization reporting to the Justice and Home Affairs Department of Navarre's Autonomous Government. Among other responsibilities, this organization is liable for personnel selection to provide public employment jobs both for the Autonomous Administration and for local administrations. ISO 9001-2000 was awarded "for the personnel selection to join and get promoted in Navarre Public Administrations and for the design of ability tests". Particular activities guaranteed by these standards are the following: tests designed to assess job fit and testing procedures for the selection of a large number of candidates applying for clerical and clerical assistant jobs. The INAP Psychology Service is responsible for both activities. This paper outlines the methodology used for the development and implementation of a quality standard method in the INAP Psychology Service. Basic contents of quality standards system, core contents and the contents of ordinary and mass selection processes are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the development of the Navarran Applied Psychology Institute, founded in 1961, currently become the Navarran Institute of Public Administration, and its links with psychology in Navarre. By the end of the 60's, the Institute focused on vocational orientation, personnel selection, psychiatric assistance, research and promotion of psychology. 1) Then the Unit of Educational Psychology was established. During the academic year 1962-1963, a project of psychological explorations in primary education schools was set. In 1981, the Service of Psycho-pedagogical Orientation was founded to assist students of primary and secondary education and vocational training. 2) The Unit of Clinical Psychology was established in 1975 to help people suffering behavioral maladjustment. Psycho-diagnosis, personal orientation and psychotherapy were provided. Patients could be referred by any department of the County Council or treated directly upon request. 3) The Unit of Work Psychology is the best consolidated branch in the Institute. Owing to the great development of the Educational branch it was decided that it reported to the Educational Counselor in 1983. Similarly, by the end of the 70's the Unit of Clinical Psychology should report to the Health Service Counselor. The Institute of Psychology became a real advisor for the Government of Navarre. The knowledge and techniques of organizational psychology were applied to the public administrations. The implementation of personnel selection in the processes of application for public administration jobs started in 1973. In 1977 a Training Unit was set in 1977. In 1985, the Civil Servant School was founded. In 1984, a longitudinal study of work climate and satisfaction of civil servants was initiated. In 1987, a project about performance assessment was signed after reaching the consensus of unions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the prevalence of mobbing and other ways of violence among organizations by means of the methodology of assessment and diagnosis used in the Spanish "Cisneros" studies over the last 10 years --with particular reference to "Cisneros VI". Led by the Cisneros team, this study was developed in November 2005 thanks to an agreement with the Department of Employment and Women of the Madrid Autonomous Community. In this study (the most extensive on mobbing ever in Spain) a survey was administered to a representative sample of 4,250 employees drawn from across industries in the Madrid Autonomous Community. In line with mobbing patterns shown in previous studies by this mobbing research agency, results showed that mobbing was by and large more prevalent among the employees of the service sectors --public administration, social services companies contracted by the Autonomous Community, media and communications and medical services. One out of four employees reported having witnessed mobbing cases in their department. One out of ten labelled themselves as victims of mobbing and over 20 percent reported more than one weekly mobbing behavior during the last 6 months. As for the mobbing patterns, 70 percent of reported mobbing cases were of a hierarchical type, 16 percent were horizontal mobbing and 9 percent were inflicted on a superior by his/her subordinate. By sector, the prevalence is higher in the medical services followed by contracted services and the educational sector. By position, employees, clerks and middle managers are more frequently mobbed. As for the gender, males harass victims regardless of their gender although the mixed gangs tend to inflict mobbing more frequently on women. The risk of mobbing seems also to be directly related to the employee age. Depending on the method used to assess mobbing, different mobbing rates appear. Because of the problem for establishing a baseline for the self labelled victims in anti-mobbing protocols (in order to implement prevention programs) we used the Cisneros Barometer. The most frequently reported mobbing behaviours are shown, along with damages significantly correlating in the clinical scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose to verify the disinhibition syndrome (PDC) in a sample of 186 adolescents (aged between 13 and 22), 141 men and 45 women, from Spain, Mexico and El Salvador. For that purpose, we have compared an adolescent population who has committed some criminal offence, with students from normalized schools. We found significative differences between the two groups, concluding that the PDC is a useful construct in order to characterize offender or not offender adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a recent research on maltreatment and visual disorders done by a research team both from the Autonomous University of Madrid and from the ONCE [literally, Spanish Association of Blind People]. This has allowed us to put together knowledge and long experience in the field. A sample consisting of 70 percent of visually impaired students in primary and secondary education schools of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, aged 9 to 16 was used. Families and teachers were also surveyed. This study fills an important gap in research in this field. This is very relevant for adjusting support programs, planning interventions with these students, with the aim of improving the living together in classrooms, the integration of students with visual disorders and their access to schools where they would pay a lower personal price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the psychosocial variables that make up the profile of the university entrepreneur in Spain from the perspective of the entrepreneurial intention. A career development model is used to classify these psychosocial variables in three settings: family, workplace and personal issues. The sample consisted of 601 university students from the autonomous region of Castilla y Le6n. The results show that the students develop high intentions to work as employees for private companies or for the Administration but their intentions to become entrepreneurs are low. Specifically, we found that gender, family, labor experience, entrepreneurial training, social support, barriers perception and individualistic and coUectivistic values are likely to predict the entrepreneurial intention of university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently an exhaustive study on the situation of students with disability of the University of Oviedo has been carried out. In this paper a summary of the complete report is offered, with information about the procedure, the main results, as well as the conclusions and suggestions obtained after a detailed analysis of the interview applied to the students with disability registered in the University of Asturias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origin of behaviour therapy witnessed a comprehensive development both of academic and applied fields. Could we say that this is still the case of today's behaviour therapy? This paper addresses differences and similarities that exist between literature and clinical practice with obsessive-compulsive disorders in Spain. A comparison between cases in literature and those reported by private therapists shows significant differences in the kind of problems that are addressed, the duration of treatments and the outcome. Likewise, cases in literature are systematically associated with higher therapeutic effectiveness rates. They also reflect the most paradigmatic obsessive-compulsive behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]