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In order to achieve an increase in the profitability of tissue paper production, this research aimed to identify factors that affect the degree of pulp refinement and the tension index of the tissue paper when using short fiber, long fiber and Quimizine B enzyme. The methodology considered laboratory experiments, obtaining refining curves, multilevel factorial design and response surface diagrams. The results indicated that the most significant common factor in the pulp refining degree and tension index is the specific energy consumption for both types of fiber, and that optimal operating parameters can be known by analyzing the refining degree and tension index independently and simultaneously. It was concluded that the multilevel factorial design allowed to identify significant factors that influence the properties of the refining degree and the resistance of tissue paper when looking for an individual and simultaneous optimum and, that the influence of the enzyme increased the properties of the refining degree and the tensile strength of the paper when using raw material of short and long fiber from Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venezuela is not known for its literary prowess, nor does it boast the prestige of being a nation of writers -- as do Colombia, Mexico, Chile, or Argentina. Neither are Venezuelans famous for being cultured. Nonetheless, in some respects the editorial world seems to be changing. Certain global factors may help explain this, but there seems to be a local explosion of curiosity -- a burning need to understand and know what's going on in the country. Consumer demand has widened, there is greater concern for quality, and a decidedly greater number of readers among youth and women. Sales are high for self-help books, cookbooks, tourism guides and, as elsewhere in the world, the novels of Isabel Allende, Dan Brown, Paulo Coelho, plus the Harry Potter saga. After Argentina, Venezuela is the Latin American country with the largest number of bookshops in relation to population. This change in course may owe to Chávez' rise to power, and prevailing angst over understanding the origin of ensuing developments, fuelling sales of political, sociological, and historical essays. Yet large books are also doing well, including travel, interior design, weaponry, antique automobiles, photography and art. Sales are made even in the country's heartland, where transport charges render the cost of books higher. Reader growth has even benefited from piracy, despite the damage done to the editorial industry. Nonetheless, outside the capital city little attention is being given to bookselling, where bestsellers such as Paulo Coelho are sometimes hard to come by. Imported books are still too costly for Venezuelan means, even when prices are compared to those in euros or dollars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The State of Mexico is a Mexican entity facing socio-environmental problems: destruction of forest resources, water and air pollution, and poor quality of basic services. This paper analyzes its socio-urban metabolism between 2010 and 2020, considering it as a thermodynamic machine. Using Material Flow and Energy Flow Analysis (MFAE), indicators of consumption and emissions of electricity, fuel, water and social aspects (schooling, social security, economically active population and PBT) were obtained. Metabolic Indexes (MI) were calculated to indicate consumption by municipality. The results showed increases in: fuel consumption (275%), water (130%) and decrease in electricity consumption (-65.7%) due to costs, overcrowding and theft, indicating a governmental inability to provide services. On the social issue, the quality of education declined despite the decrease in the illiterate population. Access to social security rose (27%) in 2020, but public entities are bankrupt and 47.9% of the population is poor. The MI showed that the most consuming municipalities are those in the Toluca Valley and those in the suburbs of Mexico City. Despite the alignment of urban planning to the SDGs, they are not achieved due to methodologies that do not contemplate thermodynamic laws, socio-environmental complexity and, therefore, long-term sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Binge-watching refers to the consecutive viewing of episodes of a fictional series, usually of the drama genre, in a single session. The approaches to its background, practice, and effects are diverse and controversial. Using a qualitativeexploratory approach analysed with Grounded Theory, this paper studies the experience of binge-watching users from data collected from a sample of 20 individuals combined with techniques such as group meetings, in-depth interviews and projective techniques. Results lead to the identification of two underlying patterns of behaviour associated with the consumption of dramatic content: planned binge-watching and unplanned binge-watching. Planned binge-watching is the intentional consumption of more than two consecutive episodes of a fictional series whose psychological effects are mainly gratification based on evasion. Planned series consumption has a socializing effect, especially among young people. Unplanned binge-watching is the unintentional and spontaneous chained viewing of more than two episodes of a fiction series. The viewing unit is each individual episode, linked to the next by the curiosity aroused by the plot. The psychological effects are gratification derived from evasion, followed by a feeling of guilt derived from the loss of control. The study concludes with the formulation of seven hypotheses for empirical verification, academic and professional implications, and future lines of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Economica (00130419) is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

SMACH (Multi-agent Simulation of Human Activity and Household Consumption) is a simulation platform within EDF's R&D framework. It uses simulation to anticipate and reduce energy consumption at different places of analysis (home, district, town, country). With this paper we aim to explain what the course of action technological research program involves, and to this end we refer to several years of SMACH research. We essentially focus on the importance of the organic relationship between technology and human activity, and we show how this organic relationship evolves over the different stages that this technological research program involves. This paper may be viewed as a basis for generalizing and clarifying the criteria required to validate such a program and as a contribution towards reflection on design in ergonomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unmet energy needs of households and the transition to clean energy, are challenges addressed in the Sustainable Development Goals; in particular, goal seven which aims to achieve affordable and clean energy. Subsequently, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the use of the autonomous photovoltaic system with solar tracking [APSST] in a household with energy poverty in the community of Tecaxic, Toluca, State of Mexico. The methodology made use of a structured questionnaire to assess the existence of energy vulnerability or energy poverty, and was applied to a sample of 86 people. One of these households was chosen to implement the APSST. The results show that the ability of households to meet their energy needs was mainly affected by the pandemic, during which 63 increased their energy consumption, and 53 had delays in electricity payments to CFE, and in water payments; 100% of households before and during the pandemic did not have thermal comfort. In the case of the selected household, following the installation of the APSST, its energy needs were satisfied. It was concluded that the APSST is a solution to energy poverty in the rural community of Tecaxic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The "fourth industrial revolution" will provoke a transformation in educational scenarios because it will incorporate cyber-physical networks in the production, logistics and consumption of goods and services. Educational theory has traditionally approached technological educational scenarios with categories of analysis typical of the third industrial revolution and it is necessary to overcome these conceptual weights. This paper proposes the concept of "network learning" taking as a starting point the posthumanist ontology and the epistemology of the actor-network theory. Thus, learning would be a process that associates human and non-human agencies alike, which operates without center nor periphery, and whose objective is to guarantee self-regulation and persistence because as soon as the agencies stop operating, the learning network disappears. Learning is, in itself, a heterogeneous network in operation. Likewise, this paper identifies some basic human and non-human agencies that allow learning networks to be established, strengthened or destroyed. In addition, it is justified why educational research should create data through an inductive manner and construct categories of analysis abductively to identify new objects of study in the learning scenarios of the fourth industrial revolution, which are characterized by being hybrid, ambiguous and contingent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the incidence of subnational public spending on the economic growth of Mexican states. To achieve that purpose, five panel models are estimated: three ordinary least squares (OLS), one with fixed effects without temporal dummies and other with temporal dummies. Data employed are annual observations for the 32 federal entities for the period 2010-2018. Results evidence that temporal and spatial effects explain economic growth. i) a 10% increase in contributions generates a 2.4% increase in GDP, ii) if subnational debt is augmented by 10%, economic growth increases by 0.64%, iii) federal participations are not related to economic activity, and iv) finally, a 10% increase in private consumption generates a 5.3% increase in economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the emergence and consolidation of the bookstores in Colombia. Focusing on the first half of the 19th Century, the elements that originated the fairly specialized profession of the booksellers as well as the commercial circulation of books during this period are explored here. This paper argues that the relationship between bookstores and international trade networks was a key element for their organization, always in alignment with changes in the national book market and the local radio of readers. Thus, the paper provides a characterization of the nineteenth-century booksellers, highlighting the commercial role of the catalogues, their shift toward the editorial environment and its connections to the political power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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