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During the first decades of the 20th century, the supply of paper for the printing industries in Mexico became a problematic issue. Production difficulties, price increases and poor distribution during the monopoly of the San Rafael factory started a deep debate on the modernization and interference of the State in the paper industry. This article analyzes the transition between the private monopoly and the creation of the public company, Productora e Importadora de Papel Sociedad Anónima (PIPSA) in 1935, during the government of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940). Through parliamentary debates, press articles and ministerial reports, the questioning of the monopoly as a public policy, the birth of PIPSA and the results in its first years of operation will be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faced with popular dissatisfaction with liberal-capitalist democracy, at the beginning of the 21st century there is a governmental shift to the left in Latin America, in which Mexico is recently participating, with the arrival of the Morena party to power. The social movements that promote these political projects convey leftist utopias that seek to institutionalize themselves in political systems and public policies. However, this process of utopian institutionalization presents tensions and contradictions within the so-called party-movements. In this paper I present a methodological proposal for utopian analysis, which I apply to the "Colectivo La Calle", a group that is part of the lopezobradorista movement in Mexico. I analyze three utopias mediated by this group and find that indeed the Colectivo is mobilizing against Morena's pragmatism. This result adds to previous literature, which, given contemporary governmental experiences, questions the ability of the Latin American institutional left to overcome conservative hegemony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to give continuity to my previous work about the software industry and information technology services, but this time focused on the study of the dynamics of the cluster technology in local experiences. So the paper inquires this dynamic in two cities: Merida (Yucatan, Mexico) and Rosario (Santa Fe, Argentina) .The aim of approaching these two case studies is based on the interest in these two cities, since they have a innovative productive profile, with significant growth rates and that this strategy is added to other activities of high added value. In this sense the production of software and new technologies, are creating a climate conducive to local development. This paper examines the socio-economic context of each city, the background to the creation of the cluster technology, international cooperation and international institutional business, public policy in the territorial cluster, the profile and activities of the companies in there, and the characteristics of their human resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the main problems shown by education offered to rural, migrant children in Mexico. The analysis begins with a critical review on the central criteria of education policy directed towards the search for enhancing educative opportunities and the betterment of quality in services for the most vulnerable sectors of the national population. The political principles are confronted with the results of an external evaluation of the Programa Educación Primaria para Niñas y Niños Migrantes (PRONIM), which is the educative program that presents a wide range of coverage and attends most of these children in Mexico. This article analyzes some of the most important results achieved by the PRONIM during 2004, and emphasizes the incongruence of the government policy, expressed in: scarce resources provided to Mexican states to program operation; lack of regional equality regarding the assignation of financial resources; precarious school spaces; depressing work conditions for teachers; and the lack of adequate pedagogic and didactic proposals. Those factors, among other, conjugate with some external aspects of the educative system, producing an increasing reduction in the access opportunities, continuity and school achievement of this children population. The paper intends to show the distances and challenges to sort out in order to be in possibility of achieve a fairer and more comprehensive primary education for the children of migrant rural workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyze how the video surveillance puts the personal data that manage in a space of legal indeterminacy, and how generates process of social and space classification that derive, sometimes, in forms of social exclusion. The perspective that frame the capacity that individuals have to construct autonomy and control spaces against the stratification and domination logics. From this perspective, it's analyzed how the weak or inexistent regulation of video surveillance cameras in Mexico can affect the citizenship practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro-enterprises have traditionally been considered a burden for development, from both the theoretical perspective of social sciences as well as policy praxis. However, for some years now, some of the specialized literature has presented evidence that despite their low productivity, the contribution of the informal economy to job creation and income in less-developed economies is significant. Given that other countries have begun to develop policies to encourage productivity in the informal sector, the main purpose of this paper is to understand, through a review of the regulations that support micro-enterprises, as well as new decrees and regulations, the current position of Mexico in this debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discourse theory is useful for understanding the creation of borders, whether material or imaginary. This paper addresses three situations on Mexico's southern border between 2000 and 2015 in which elements of discourse theory may be applied. The outcomes were the following: 1) correlations may be made between the elements of the discourse moving from the northern to the southern border, but not in the opposite direction; 2) the process of securitising the discourse about migrants is continuous, and new securitising elements are regularly added; 3) an "elastic borders" phenomenon exists, where borders extend or retract, thereby creating new border regions; and 4) discourses around the southern border are constructed with more pejorative elements than the northern, despite the fact that crime rates are higher in the north. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the economic, politic and social conditions around the construction of the Queretaro’s Intercontinental Airport in Mexico. Rural communities surround this airport and the research is oriented to analyze what kinds of changes have been produced in one of the most important locality: San José de Navajas. In order to do so, it is study the negotiation process that allow to expropriate the community land, the conflicts generated as a result of it and the changes in the labor conditions and labor identity of the inhabitants. The research team also studies the expectative of development created in the community as a result of the arrival of foreign direct investment, which supposed to create new jobs in benefit of the community. The results of the research show how negatives effects are produced when government takes unilateral decisions and do not consider the opinion of the community residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the organizational diagnosis (OD) of a Public Safety State Academy of north-central Mexico as part of an intervention organizational (IO) project in the frame of the transition that occurs with the alternation of two different parties in state government. The main objective is to assess the relevance of the io for promoting change in government organizations. The data collected during the diagnosis reported here constitute evidence of positive weight, especially in light of the emphasis that Jacobson, Butterill and Goering (2005) DO in their model of learning in the IO. We conclude that, even with the constraints of IO implementation, the IO and the OD are very useful to promote change in these organizations, especially, in times of party alternation in government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last forty years in various regions of Mexico, Jalisco, has given impetus to the development of industries known as "modern" as electronics and software, this is intended to increase growth and foster development, all this has been detrimental to those industries considered "traditional" (footwear, textile, jewelery), industries that have long been the basis for productive development of these regions. Policies that have followed in industrial countries has been to promote the first under the assumption that they are incorporating the technology, while the latter incorporates little technology in their production processes and generally do not innovate. However industrial behavior has demonstrated that the above is a fallacy. Government policies that were implemented in industrial resulted in the increase in the share of industrial production called "modern", such as electronics and software, but those traditional activities such as jewelry, not only maintained but that increased production and commercial dynamism. This dynamic is observed in the absorption of employment and productive participation nationwide. The jewelry industry is a case in point, because from generation entrepreneurship capacity, social capital and working together with the government, among others, has managed to influence local development in the region. Therefore in this paper analyzes trying to emphasize that industry, from interviews with key actors and quantitative analysis for this industry, basic factors that impacted on the local development of Jalisco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to determine the profile of total demand and potential supply in health services, available for high cost illness or catastrophic illness in the Fund for Protection against Catastrophic Expenses (FPCGC by its Spanish initials) of the System of Social Protection in Health (SPSS). In the Fund's financial design's basis, health reality was considered static by deducting the effects of epidemic changes and not précising people's health needs, or "hidden demand". Thus, when this demand is revealed it becomes an effective demand for health institution and the plans used in the Fund's financial calculations change. All in all, a methodological definition from the General Health Council is needed in order to organize and make CIs temporal for the Fund's coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overweight and obesity are increasing throughout the world, spurring a research agenda focused on understanding its causes, consequences, and the most appropriate public policies for addressing these problems. Unfortunately, very little remains known about the relationship between overweight/obesity and intellectual and academic outcomes. This is very problematic, as public policies cannot be successfully tailored to specific situations in the absence of adequate data. This paper helps narrow this research gap by analyzing the relationships between weight and school dropout rates, held back a year and increase in falling behind in school for children aged 12 to 14 and adolescents aged 15 to 18. As such, it is the first study addressing this topic in Mexico. The findings suggest that there is no clear relationship between overweight/obesity and intellectual/academic outcomes, as overweight/obesity has no effects on some variables and negative effects on other variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the environment of insecurity and violence associated with drug trafficking on the U.S.-Mexican border, and the actions taken by the federal government to dismantle criminal organizations that fight to control the market and access to border crossing points for the introduction of drugs into the united States. The assumption is that violence and insecurity have existed on the border for a long time, but that the agencies responsible for border control and security are now part of the problem because of their association with criminal gangs, which in turn have strengthened their presence by taking root among sections of border society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides information on the background, social regulation and problems faced by the Civil Society Organizations that take care of street kids in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico and the role these institutions play in society. For this purpose, we applied a survey to 30 users and 15 employees working in these organizations in the state of Sonora, Mexico. The findings indicate that although there is a legal framework that protects kids, teens and young adults, and that there is a number of organizations with broad experience in their care, most of these young ones are not integrated into one of the institutions. Our conclusion is that the state government has not solved the homeless kids issue, and the organizations that take care of them do not meet the objectives for which they were created, thus limiting the possibilities of integrating the social group they are supposed to be serving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, poverty analyses and policies against poverty have incorporated women as a relevant factor. Nevertheless, some criticisms have been raised against them: first, most of the time, they have relied on an instrumental perspective which does not guarantee better conditions of gender equity; second, poverty analyses have generally become reactive tools that seek to compensate for a current situation, not to prevent it from occurring in the future. This paper therefore proposes to go beyond poverty analyses to identify distinctive features of households derived from social constructions that have an effect on vulnerability, particularly in households headed by women. We point out the importance of an analysis from a gender perspective in order to identify the features which make households more vulnerable to suffering or worsening their conditions of poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Baja California produce industry is notice by its strong export orientation production. Never less, in the past few years some products have been associated to food safety outbreaks in the United States, its main market, affecting its competitiveness and market share, driven produce growers to the adoption of standards as a mean to stay in the international market. The paper focus in the role of adoption of International standards in the firms as part of a competitive strategy that implies a technological change in order to comply with the certification requirements. A descriptive statistical analysis is conducted as well as a discriminate analysis in order to explain the factors that are involved in the firms that present technical innovation (adoption of standards) to achieve competitiveness and those that don't improve their productive process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counties and town councils (boroughs) have a direct, immediate and unavoidable responsibility towards the environment. A few years ago, they were not regarded as priority functions of the counties. Today they are not only a basic legal obligation, but a social commitment of the local government to the community. This paper is centered on the responsibilities that the Federal and Local Political Constitutions impose exclusively on boroughs and townships regarding public services. The way those services are delivered have a direct consequence on the local environment. Drinking water, domestic drainage, waste disposal, waste water treatment, hygiene and cleanliness of marketplaces and other services are today's challenges for the municipal authorities; if not attended to in an efficient way they will have a negative direct impact on the quality of life of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to show that several characteristics that exist in the theoretical frame work known as New Public Management (NPM), such as: orientation of customer, account ability, information's technology, strategic planning, contracts and decentralization; these are in the strategies that apply the governments of the Republic Mexican's states on their public administrations. Official's documents are analyzed in detail with a methodology for to make indicators that it weigh up NPM in the actions are applied for the studied states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]