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Copyright of Revista Interuniversitaria de Formación del Profesorado is the property of Asociacion Universitaria de Formacion del Profesorado (AUFOP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economía Institucional is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Educación is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Multihead weighing processes are considered an important strategy in packaging companies. Multihead weighers are used for dosing a wide range of products, from granules to large products. The packaging process consists of choosing a subset of hoppers in the multihead weigher to form a product package. This paper proposes a set of filling strategies of hoppers to reduce the variability in the weight of the produced packages. The strategies are evaluated through a bi-objective optimization approach which aims to minimize the absolute difference between the target weight and the actual weight of the packages, while trying to maximize the selection of those hoppers with more time in the packaging system. In the bi-objective approach, the considered objectives are dynamically adjusted and managed in each packaging operation. In addition, the mathematical model and the packing algorithm are developed and presented. The results of the process performance parameters are obtained and analyzed to show the effectiveness of the proposed strategies. Also, conditions of minimum variability are identified and those can be used by the packaging industry where multihead weighers are used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina is the property of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nova Scientia is the property of Nova Scientia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universitas Humanística is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) is an organization based in Washington, United States belonging to the World Bank, whose objective is the support to resolve conflicts between States. Three South American countries, Bolivia, Ecuador and Venezuela, at certain times have decided to leave this organism. This paper aims to determine the best strategy to follow for these countries to make the most convenient decision about to leave or not this organization. The solution of this problem is done by applying neutrosophic games. Game Theory is used to solve conflict situations among different parties. In this paper, neutrosophic games are non-cooperative, in normal form, two players and zero sum games. In addition, evaluations are carried out with linguistic terms associated with neutrosophic sets, where indeterminacy is part of the calculations and this is the reason for including neutrosophic sets in modeling this problem. Obviously, in a dispute there is uncertainty and also lack of information, contradictions among the parties, inconsistencies, and other phenomena which justify the use of neutrosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Góndola, Enseñanza y Aprendizaje de las Ciencias is the property of Gondola, Ensenanza y Aprendizaje de las Ciencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper shows up a work developed in the county of Benguela, Republic of Angola. As case matter, it was considering the Statistical Applied discipline that it is imparting in ISCED of Benguela. To determine the present state of their empiric teachinglearning process (interviews, pedagogic tests) and statistical methods they used. This paper pretend to show how to carry out the quantitative study, applying statistical tools one variable and multivariate as the Analysis of Main Components for Categorical Data, which allowed to verify the indicators (variables) that more weight had in the valuations emitted by the students in the instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Humanity has suffered throughout its history from different types of pandemics caused by deadly infectious diseases. Mathematical models are very useful tools to understand the dynamics of the behavior and propagation of these. Among these models are those known as SIS, SIR and SEIR. This paper presents a brief explanation of the structure of these models and its use in some pandemics. In particular, some SIR-type models without and with delays are analyzed with special interest, as well as their applications to the current pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. To determine the correspondence between some of the models analyzed and the data of Infectious and Recovered from Mexico reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), simulations are presented in three different time periods between the years 2020-2021. In addition, an unpublished SIR-type mathematical model with three delays is proposed as a main contribution. Finally, a discussion is given on the application of numerical algorithms to identify some parameters of mathematical models, such as ordinary least squares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnura is the property of Tecnura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tecnura is the property of Tecnura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Química is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. One of the reasons to study infectious diseases is to increase their control and eradication. Mathematical models could be a powerful tool to achieve that end, which allows for optimization of limited resources, and conduct more effective measures; these models are made to predict and increase understanding of the studied phenomenon. The aim of this paper is to conduct simulations using the stochastic model known as Susceptible, Infected, Recovered (SIR), and introduce them in the curricula of students, epizootiological analyses, and decision-making. Methods. Virtually the entrance of ten migrating birds with respiratory processes was simulated on bird rearing farms averaging 5000 free-range poultry from different types. The R0 was determined depending on the incidence. Results. Simulation was run with a low communicability index (1.8 %), that is, 1.8 out of every 100 birds get sick, after interacting with other 5 birds each, at random, for 10 days. In the absence of intervention, there would be a spike of sick animals at 20 days, surpassing 3000 birds. A basic reproductive number greater than the unit (R0=1.14) was observed, thus qualifying as an epidemic outbreak. Conclusions. A number of simulations were made using the stochastic model with a sustainable analytical tool based on an R-free program. The need to integrate the epizootiology, epidemiology, and mathematic was demonstrated, suggesting that appropriate training should be provided by competent professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigacion en Enfermeria: Imagen y Desarrollo is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Trucks became essential for the freight transportation systems' functioning and the enterprises considered several variables in their operations. One variable was the mileage, where fluctuations were observed with assignable causes to the enterprises in several occasions and it decreased over the time. This paper's objective was to forecast one North Benz truck's possible monthly mileage in a 33 truck fleet for the 2021 year. The truck's possible monthly mileage variation was attenuated using the moving average technique. It was obtained a mathematical model of the monthly mileage's moving average according to the truck age, the mileage's typical deviation and the mileage's relative error. The model was applied to forecast the North Benz truck fleet's performance at the enterprise. It contributed to facilitate the enterprise's decision taking on the transportation offer and incomeses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prospectiva (1692-8261) is the property of Universidad Autonoma del Caribe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tecnura is the property of Tecnura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EMPIRIA: Revista de Metodología de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista EIA is the property of Escuela de Ingenieria de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Educacion y Desarrollo Social is the property of Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Departamento de Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Colombiana de Psicologia is the property of Universidad Catolica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of non-pharmacological interventions to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 have caused negative impacts, especially in education. Re-opening schools and universities is regarded as a high risk scenario. This paper seeks to understand, with the help of mathematical modeling, possible mechanisms through which the virus could spread in an academic environment and to quantify contagions attributable to participating in academic activities. To simulate the dynamics of contagion at the University, an agent-based mathematical model that incorporated stochastic differential equations was built using academic data for the University's 2020-2 semester. The model suggests that hybrid-attendance combined with epidemiological surveillance can produce very safe operating conditions without significantly contributing towards more COVID infections in the city of Bogotá. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a multi objective optimization of asymmetric spur gear transmission is carried out using the modified Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II). To achieve this goal, three pairs optimization problem are formulated: minimum tooth stress and minimum transmission volume, minimum tooth stress and maximum coating factor, minimum transmission volume and maximum robustness index. Constraints considered include wheel tooth thickness, correction coefficient, and constant center distance. The optimization procedure used provides functions to find the parameters that minimize or maximize the objective functions respecting the restrictions. As results, optimal values are obtained for the robustness index and tooth stress, demonstrating the validity of the procedure used for its easy adaptation to complex mathematical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Education Policy Analysis Archives / Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas / Arquivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas is the property of Educational Policy Analysis Archives & Education Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mathematical Model of a Series-Parallel (SP) photovoltaic (PV) generator represents each module through an equivalent electrical circuit denominated single diode model, this model has associated a nonlinear equation system that describes the electrical behavior of SP generator. This paper presents a solution of this system using optimization methods widely using: Trust Region Dogleg and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) for solving the electrical model of PV generator operating under homogeneous or non-homogeneous conditions, changing the number of submodules and shading pattern. It has been made simulations about generators composed by 3 and 15 series submodules, operating under different partial shading conditions. Between the implemented methods, Trust Region Dogleg show a better performance than other methods, with 2 and 14 times less computation time than the reference method and PSO, respectively, and a RMSE equal or 50% lower than PSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a multivariate UPD estimator, family member [A,U,T] with parameters p and s, which allows to calculate simultaneously parameters of Weibull K and C at a point Pe from the measured values of these variables in several sampling points. During the 3D estimation, the spatial relationship between the data and the associated values of elevation and roughness of the terrain is taken into account; with the estimated results, a model of wind energy resources is developed, given by a 3D mesh where to each node is associated the values of K and C. Finally, a method of combinatory optimization is described to find the values of p and s such that the mesh model is feasible and optimal for the given data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Etnomatemática is the property of Universidad de Narino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte is the property of Revista Virtual Universidad Catolica del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Cuidarte is the property of Universidad de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista EIA is the property of Escuela de Ingenieria de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista EIA is the property of Escuela de Ingenieria de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Vínculos is the property of Revista Vinculos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the procedure of tuning and simulation of an adaptive predictive control strategy to control the longitudinal and latero-directional movements of a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), using the Matlab ® - Simulink® platform. Uses the mathematical model of a UAV which are initially performed simulations of the system in open loop, identification is carried on online, and predictive control and PID controllers algorithms are implemented with the parameters obtained, to control the angle of pitch, roll and yaw. Control strategies used presented a good performance and manage to stabilize the aircraft properly. Finally, they are presented and analyzed the results of the performance of the system with predictive control and PID control using metrics of the integral of the error and of the work of the manipulated variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) models guide trough the development or maintenance of software products. Currently we can find several SDLC models applied in different contexts. A well-known SDLC is the waterfall model, which its stages are performed in a sequential order. With the aim of gaining more knowledge about a waterfall-like SDLC model, in this paper we report the findings of a controlled experiment that studies the quality and efficiency of a waterfall-like SDLC model applied by solo and pair programmers. The studied SDLC model is contrasted with an iterative-like SDLC model defined as 'ad-hoc' that is used as a control group. Concerning the quality, our results suggest that any of these two SDLC models yield similar defect detection rates. Regarding the efficiency, results suggest that a waterfall-like SDLC model significantly requires less number of builds to complete the programming assignments. We did not observe significant differences between pair and solos programmers. Even though the criticism arose around the waterfall SDLC model, our results suggest that under certain contexts a waterfall-like SDLC model can yield beneficial effects, as the one observed concerning efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue is a viral infection transmitted by the female Aedes aegypti mosquito that lives in all tropical and subtropical regions of the planet. In Cali, Colombia, despite the controls that health officials say they are doing, this year, there have been more than 9,000 cases of dengue, of which some have been serious and others have become lethal. For the case of dengue virus transmission, mathematical models to simulate the dynamics of the infected population, either human or mosquito or both, allow a good understanding of the dynamics of the virus, so they are a good tool for monitoring and controlling the disease. However, for this tool to be really useful in a specific case, the models must be tailored to the particular characteristics of the region where you want to use them. In this paper, we present the fitting of two mathematical models to the urban area of Cali, Colombia. Initially, based on the natural behavior of the Aedes aegypti mosquito in a region as the area of interest, we estimate some of the parameters of the models, taking into account the existing literature on this topic. Subsequently, we estimate the others parameters as the (non-linear) least squares solution that best fits the output of the models to the data of reported cases of dengue, according to the Municipal Secretary of Cali, in 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a methodology for the determination of the coefficients of the mathematical expression of each of the characteristic curves resulting from the placement of rotodynamic pumps in series, starting from knowing the curves of one of them. The proposed methodology is based on the direct relationship that exists between the areas under the curves (polynomials) of a pump and the one corresponding to the case in question (n pumps in series). For this reason, the procedure has been called the Area Method. The aim of this procedure is to determine the coefficients of the characteristic curves resulting from the combination of rotodynamic pumps in series, as well as to provide a tool for knowing the method of obtaining of such characteristic coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Estudios de Filosofía is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Crushing mathematical modeling using particles population balance method is a fundamental tool for process analysis, optimization and design. This paper deals with the evaluation of the fracture events and process in cone and rolls crushers. For that proposes, is taken as reference Whiten (1972) structural model modifying fragmentation distribution function. This function was replaced by Austin and Luckie (1972) expression. For model development, was created an algorithm using Matlab 13a like determining resource of fractures parameters. Model estimated error for evaluated crushers established the viability of its use for modelling and simulation, particularly for rolls crushers that even before were simulated by simple fragmentation models. Classification and fragmentation distribution functions obtained, describe the events and process fracture essentials that take place in both crushers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Estudios de Filosofía is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Actually, customer satisfaction is considereda critical success factor for organizations. Determine the level of service and meeting the expectations of customers has been studied for many researchers and entrepreneurs. To this end they have created and used various tools, some more accurate than others, but there are still shortcomings, none takes into account all available information and knowledge. This paper proposes a new procedure that will allow to measure with the employment of compensatory fuzzy logic the level of customer service through the modeling of predicates of the variables behavior (tangible or subjective) involved in the client-provider relation. In addition, shows the results obtained from the application of the procedure in the case study, reaching to determine how true is that the level of service of the company meets customer expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourists plan trips based on their personal preferences and the point of interest information at destination. This paper propose the formulation of optimization problem for their multi-day planning sightseeing where the preferences of the tourists on the points of interest and travel time constraints are fuzzy. The soft computing methodology proposed to solve the problem integrates fuzzy optimization methods with a constructive metaheuristic. Computational results on instances from the team orienteering problem benchmarks are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results obtained using a mathematical model, to simulate different situations plugging on issuers irrigation systems micoirrigación in the cultivation of guava in two subunits irrigation the UBPC the Tezón in Ciego de Avila province. The model is that the uniformity of the emitter flow is affected by the hydraulic factor, manufacturing and plugging. For the preparation of the experimental data obtained with the implementation of these procedures has been developed a computational tool using an Excel 2007 worksheet that allows quickly and with a wide margin of safety obtain fundamental results of these calculations. The aim of this work is to simulate seals issuers using mathematical modeling in micro irrigation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Vegueta: Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia is the property of Vegueta: Anuario de la Facultad de Geografia e Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)