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The paper studies the particularities of the educational policies of the Popular Unity. To answer this question, the context has been recreated and the main issues and conflict of these policies are explored. This objective is original because most of the investigations on this regard have studied the logic of the groups that fought to govern the country, have highlighted the differences between the educational projects of past governments or have evidenced the controversies surrounding the Unified National School. To achieve this answer, the study carried out an exhaustive review of the main primary and secondary sources in this matter [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on the analysis of citizenship competencies to respond to the demand for integral human development in the humanities. This paper explores the relationship between citizenship training in education and human development necessary for the formation of democratic citizens. The text also presents different controversies that gravitate around the concept of citizenship in the light of various theoretical conceptions and assumes a position that favors its application in educational proposals in an international context. Furthermore, unveiling the sources that generate the conception of the formation of citizens throughout history presupposes analyzing the synergies that characterize the models of citizenship and the educational projection of each educational stage. The importance of reflecting on the rationality of pedagogical decisions comprises an exercise to recognize the challenge implied by the new challenges of our time, from the processes of formation for the exercise of global citizenship. The problem discussed is the confrontation of knowledge, within the framework of integral education, highlighting the limitations of representative democracy. The objective is to raise the importance of the formation of citizenship competencies with a critical look at education for global citizenship, which implies connecting the local and global scale in an integral way, in order to highlight the relevance of an education for world citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the results of a Colombia qualitative study with a descriptive correlational scope, and action-research design about the educational practices influences at home when children doing homework. The purpose was to determine the influence of the playful practices that family uses to strengthen reading and writing processes in first grade of the Antonio Nariño Educational Institution, La Cooperativa headquarters, Meta department. The categories that directed the study are Family orientation strategy, Literacy processes, Family play practices, Parent-child relationship and Play strategies. The sample corresponded to 12 participants, including 6 students and 6 parents for a total of 12 participants. The information gathering instruments were participant observation, semi-structured interview, materials and artifacts, and focus group. The information analysis was carried out under triangulation. The results show that parents usually use the same methods with which they learned, such as the syllabic method, the use of the Nacho booklet and the railway notebook. Therefore, pedagogical help is required to apply playful strategies at home that encourage their children's learning. It is recommended to maintain the legitimacy of the families voice around their parenting practices, without skimping on their levels of training, background, limitations or any other characteristic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to demonstrate the presence of a political virtue (plannings, strategy) in contrast with the political ignorance of trusting in aleatory (to make it simple, just luck). However, united by history, we are going to do that through the lens of two goddess (Niké and Fortune) and their artistic representations in the city of Brussels. In order to do that, we present some emblematic places of Brussels where the fight between these two goddesses became a perfect metaphor for the debates around their characteristics in the political scenario. Combining these statues and the political qualities of the goddesses with Brussels' history of invasions, urban planning and changing of powers. In order to allude to this debate in the tradition of philosophy, we briefly mention some philosophers as Maquiavel, and Seneca. In this cases, we observe how the goddesses' statues dialogue with virtues that these two philosophers reflected upon. For instance, Maquiavel gives to the prince a recommendations to accept, but to do not trust in the gifts of the goddess Fortune. The prince, if he wants to keep its power, should look for planning, order, knowledge. We conclude by saying that Brussels learned its lessons after some invasions and defeats, as the Nine Years's war, and the city exhibits these marks thorough to honours to the goddess of victory Niké. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The profound moral crisis emerged after the fall of the empire of Charles the Great, and still present until part of the 12th century, has as a consequence a fundamental spiritual renewal in the religious and mystical fervor of some extraordinary men and women. Its manifestation in the philosophical-theological thinking is one of the most significant expressions of the medieval history of central Europe. Diversity of mystical experiences and modalities compose a possible synthesis in the thinking of Parisian School of Saint Victor, with their representatives Richard and Hugh, but also in Franciscans and Dominicans paradigmatic figures like Bonaventure of Bagnoregio and Thomas Aquinas. Common to all of them is the search for the supreme good through the practice of an inner elevation in a triple spiritual way: purgative, illuminative and unitive. This paper analyzes some distinctive notes in the progress inside this ascending and outlined their respectives contributions to the medieval doctrine of transcendentals concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The present paper aims to address the differences between the classic Bildungsroman and the novel of female formation as several studies that have emerged since the 80s have pointed out. For this, the work of the Italian writer Daria Bignardi, Un karma pesante, will be analyzed, and special attention will be paid to narrative strategies that clearly challenge the traditional literary canon. These differences point to the representation of the process of formation of the subject and to more formal aspects of the discourse and thereby proposing new tools of analysis for a genre that subverts more traditional literary values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to briefly analyze the course of the transcendentals concepts of being in its several historical-philosophical instances of systematization, highlighting the transition from a formal ontology by Aristotle to an existential ontology in the Neoplatonism and the first Scholastic until Tomas Aquinas. It will also emphasize the emergence of a new formal perspective in the Duns Scotus's theory of univocity of being and its followers up to Suarez. This study aims to demonstrate which place transcendentals take in the pursuit of the universal principles of the foundation of knowledge, and seeks to encourage wider projects in which different perspectives would be deeply developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is aim of this paper investigate and analyze the renegotiation of identification codes and religious belonging undertaken by the descendants of Orthodox Ukrainians, in southern Brazil, in the contexts of their arrival in the country in the period between 1960 and 1975, before the new proposals to live religion and culture. The aim is to understand to what extent customary cultural practices had to be retrofitted to the new scenario building and observe what strategies established to facilitate interaction with the reception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The War against Paraguay (1864-1870) was the most long-lasting, terrible and bloody conflict in the history of the region of the river Plate. The conflict had a deep influence on the consolidation of Argentina as a national state, and caused deep public debates. Representatives of the other countries involved in the war should be underscored in the dispute. Current paper deals with the Uruguayan representatives in the debates in Buenos Aires and the manner they affected the identity of the Argentine Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The war against Paraguay (1864-1870) had long-lasting effects on the geopolitics of the countries of the River Plate basin. The polysemy employed to refer to the war (War of the Triple Alliance, War against Paraguay, Great War, Guerra Guasú) is a reflection of the lack of hermeneutic consensus between investigators and the political and ideological harassments that solicits these names. Current paper brings to the fore the Uruguayan historiography on the conflict which includes a brief account of reports written between 1870 and the 1970s and a critical-analytic assessment of the most recent bibliography on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discontinuities in the historical and philosophical work of Thomas Kuhn are identified. According to this point of view, the historical study in The Copernican Revolution cannot be a case from which Kuhn develops his thesis The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962). A detailed comparative analysis of the two books shows that they have divergent conceptions. The former book implicitly holds an empirical and traditional view of science which establishes the theory-observation distinction and a fallibilistic concept of progress. It also supposes a fixed and stable field of experience, with a comparison of different conceptual-schemes. On the other hand, the second book disagrees with these traditional images of science and introduces an alternative philosophical point of view which deals with such concepts as paradigm, normal science and incommensurability. Those notions do not appear in the 1957 book. The paper concludes that the differences between the two books are very deep and do not admit an identical image of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Mark Colyvan, certain mature scientific developments (specifically, Newtonian cosmology, descriptive oceanography, early calculus and Dirac's quantum theory) contain contradictory assumptions, and this enables the prima facie adoption of certain naturalized realism of inconsistent entities. An exotic aspect of Colyvan's proposal is the claim that the resulting variety of realism emerges from the mere application of the parameters of theory evaluation involved in Quine's epistemology. While this is a highly controversial claim in itself, it will not be analyzed in this paper. My intention is to show that the theories put forward by Colyvan do not exhibit the properties required to promote a philosophically respectable metaphysics of contradictory entities. The theses defended are: (i) neither Newtonian cosmology nor descriptive oceanography exhibits any genuine contradiction; (ii) the apparent inconsistencies in early calculus and Dirac's quantum theory respectively exhibit a weak enough methodological effectivity so that their use do not rationally demand a realistic recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bas van Fraassen' Constructive empiricism was thought as an anti-realist position that avoids any ontological commitment to undesirable metaphysical entities and is deeply divorced from both the scientific realism and logical positivism. In this paper, I claim that the only way the author finds to achieve that goal is to adopt a particular type of empiricism which, unfortunately, has some cracks that allow filtration of metaphysics. The positivist's anti-metaphysic empiricism is replaced by a new kind of empiricism who inadvertently makes some concessions to metaphysics. The outcome is that the author's position is closer to realism he always rejected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1975 Hilary Putnam captured in a few lines a longstanding intuition about the epistemic status of scientific theories. These lines are almost universally recognized as the first explicit formulation of the No-Miracles Argument (NMA). During the past 40 years, the debate on Scientific Realism became one of the central topics of the philosophy of science. The plausibility of NMA has been defended or challenged by several strategies, and new arguments fueled a controversy that still stands today. Current paper provides an overview of the dispute, and then critically addresses some of the most recent contributions to the contemporary debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper attempts to establish a dialogue between Physics and History and shows that temporality and historicity provide a new aspect to reality and, consequently, on its knowledge. The idea of temporality within the perspective of the Physical and chemical scientist Ilya Prigogine is analyzed and related to the concept of historical time by the philosopher and historian Reinhart Koselleck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of the Brazilian republic triggered political agents within the religious sphere to analyze the 1891 Constitution. The Protestant political insertion increased and one may trace the catalyzing elements of its political activities, even though most segments kept aloof from politics. They merely manifested themselves when religious issues on religious freedom were involved. The 1950 political context brought to the fore new concerns on the religious polarization. Foregrounded on the conflict theory of Lewis Coser, current paper discusses the construction of these two subjects that heralded the social and religious projects of the republican period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper analyzes the life and works of the cultural agent Cornélio Pires whose activities involved the conservation of the caipira culture, disseminating it through publications, recordings, sound tracks, spectacles (scenes, music, guitar and musical groups) and propagating it on the radio. Contrastingly to the intense transformations in São Paulo, representations of plantations and life in the hinterland were emerging. They are actually different scenes in which the people of the Brazilian interior are sometimes praised and at other times criticized. Within this context, the life, works and artistic productions of Cornélia Pires are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of systematic study of students' prior knowledge in the area of mathematics on entering University is highlighted. The theory of learning proposed by Ausubel (1983) and some aspects presented by Lopez (2009) are taken as reference in the paper. They allow the structuring and describe students' prior knowledge in a systematic way and obtain information beyond the mere knowledge that learners have on the basic contents of Mathematics. For instance, this is true for the information related to their tastes and interests that would enable teachers to adjust teaching strategies to the needs and knowledge of the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper describes experiences in educational centers which highlight the best practices in technologies for the care of pupils with special educational needs. A mixed methodology was performed alternating field research and document analysis to provide adequate examples and effective educational practice. Innovatory examples present tested and applied classroom practice from which conclusions and ideas for improvement may be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is reconstruct the proto-epistemology and the experience of knowledge in the boreoafroasiatic languages, with a special emphasis in Egyptians and Semitics. Our framework is the works by Ehret (1995) and the HSED edited by Orel & Stolbova (1995). So, we will analyze the roots *ken,*mɜʕ y *ẖq for reconstruct the proto-categories and the different kinds of cognoscitive experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the XIX century along the consolidation of the Chilean Republic, there existed a clash of ideas between seculars and who represented the teaching state and catholic groups, who defended the liberty of teaching. As a result of the ideas of these two groups there were born the two most important universities in the country. The 'Universidad de Chile' and the 'Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile'. In this paper there are exposed the origin of both universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the actual debate on citizenship within democracy, admitting a crisis in educational matters is highly relevant (NUSSBAUM, 2010; BERKOWITZ, 2001). Thus, if we want to understand why the ancient educational image is problematic and unsatisfying to the citizens of democratic governments, it is unavoidable, from the history of philosophy point of view, to quote the teaching of preeminent political theorists. Needless to say, the power of education in forming people's character and opinions is widely recognized. Nonetheless, by looking at the history of the institution, it seems obvious that its purpose is not only to form habits but to circumscribe the knowledge of the persons in such a way as to make one set of opinions always inevitable (RUSSELL, 1961). Current paper reveals the theoretical presuppositions of the political and educational doctrines of two main figures of Ancient and Modern times, namely, Aristotle and Locke, respectively. Further considerations will ensue on whether the ancient image of virtue, or its antagonism and possible use in liberalism, has any power to represent the present conditions of equity and justice sought after in civil life within Latin American democracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to explore the issue of how historians have used the concept of social movements. To reach this goal, it is necessary to provide a brief review of how this concept has been utilized and a succinct comparison of its multiple usages in the area of human sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]