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One of the survivors in Spain of the free distribution press is the specialized publication Diario Médico, which has been disseminating health issues among professionals of the National Health System for 25 years. We did an exploratory-descriptive study about its origins and current situation, paying attention to its labour in paper, through the printed product, and in Red, through diariomedico.com. The techniques are the interview with its deputy director and the analysis of its products. The mixed format defines Diario Médico: it maintains its commitment to offer information on paper, despite having reduced the periodicity from daily to weekly; leads its paper readers to Orbyt, the digital press kiosk of the promoter group, Unidad Editorial, where it offers seven pages a day in pdf format with information for subscribers, and on the Web, with an edition that opens to the participation of the user. The informative tone of its contents and its usefulness for society, together with the growing interest of the non-specialized public in medicine and health, lead to Diario Médico, in our opinion, to have a double objective public: society in general and professionals of the System in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the formation of the medical professional identity is achieved in stages during which the characteristics, values and norms of the medical profession are internalized, which results in the individual thinking, acting and feeling like a doctor. Tutors in medicine should clarify and encourage the principles within study programs and learning environments in order to support the formation of the professional identity of their students. Objective: the purpose of this paper is to reveal the participation of medical tutoring as one of the most influential factors that contribute to the development of the professional identity of medical students, as well as to give some guidelines so that the training of tutors. It contemplates tools that allow them to contribute to the positive and valued construction of the professional identity of the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper exposes the thematic relationship between politics and medicine which can be inferred from the Oedipus Tyranus by Sophocles. We can find the concept of excess (ὕβρις) as a common thread between both arts (τέχναι) as it is the cause of the wrecking plague in 430 BC Attica, just as it is formulated in the Tragic version of Oedipus̓ myth. We resort to the History of Thucydides to help us approaching Sophocles̓ tragedy from historiography and, thus, configurating Oedipus as a tyrant, conception linked to the theme of the aforementioned plague. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last third of the nineteenth century, Buenos Aires physicians dealt extensively with hysterical pathology, especially among the female population. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the various theoretical fabrications elaborated by those professionals about the disease. After recognizing a first set of writings in which a certain morbid autonomy was not granted to the condition, the theoretical frameworks prevailing in the subsequent works are described in detail. Special attention is paid to clinical devices used by doctors in their practice, since it is assumed that those devices had a clear impact on the ways the pathology was understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research in the field of health with the participation of social anthropology in Chile is scarce. On the other hand, studies in social sciences, whether funded by the state and / or universities, are usually not linked to concrete problems. In this context, this paper presents an experience of forming an interdisciplinary team that has tried to know the medical models of indigenous origin in the Chilean north and the strategies of attention to the diseases deployed by Aymara families. Its purpose is to address the problems faced by health and social sciences professionals, the constraints generated by specialized training to find solutions in specific situations, and the difficulties that arise for transdisciplinary research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper focuses on the research groups registered in the Colciencias platform from January 2005 to April 2012 in order to analyze their ability to conduct research on the social determinants of health (SDH) as well as the opinion of the coordinators of such groups. Methodology: a descriptive observational study focusing on the Colciencias Scienti platform (which holds information on Colombian research groups) and particularly on aspects such as the groups, the researchers and the SDH-related research products. The study was complemented with questionnaires, focus groups and a study on the national system for research. In addition, researchers signed an informed consent form before participating in the study. Results: the 65 groups registered in Colciencias' Health Sciences Program (6%) have published 123 products in the form of scientific papers written in Spanish (48%). Moreover, the predominant studies are those conducted with demographically relevant populations, focusing on health systems, health inequity and prevalent diseases, and based on empirical and analytical methods, as well as the network projects of national scope. The difficulties identified were: scarce political and institutional support for local and national research on the SDH and reduced interaction with policy makers and with other groups speaking other languages. Conclusions: studies based on the approach proposed by the Commission on Social Determinants of Health in 2005 were predominant. Recommendations: it is essential to strengthen the ability to conduct research on the SDH using different approaches-particularly the Latin American approaches-; likewise collaborative network projects should be developed and collective actions should be taken which affect the health research policies for equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: this paper inquiries into a series of reflections produced by some of the founding voices of the Argentinian medical discourse between 1850 y 1930; it analyses in the conformation of the discursive object Argentine medicine through its related features, obstacles and challenges; and it examines the meaningful continuities that, all the way through these decades, have become recurrent in its conformation. Materials and methods: the materials are a corpus of medical-institutional discourses produced by Manuel Montes de Oca, Eduardo Wilde, José Ingenieros and Bernardo Houssay. In theoretical-methodological terms, the article relies on the History of Medicine and on the Discourse Analysis, discipline that studies the verbal dimension and the socio- institutional dimension of the discourses, in a simultaneous and reciprocal way. Results and conclusions: the analysis exposes the recurrence of certain elements in relation to the construction of an Argentinian medicine: a) the difficulties to produce and disseminate the local researches, but also the challenges in order to consolidate the authority of a national science; b) the problems with the foreign medicine and also with the foreign doctor; c) in discursive terms, the repetition of similar metaphors to refer the Argentine medicine always as future project: "a page to write", "a book to write", "a building to construct". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The appearance of highly active antiretroviral treatments (HAART) marked a deep transformation in the lives of those diagnosed with HIV, as the retro-virus was no longer associated with fast and lethal immune system decay. These people inhabit a new vital space: the chronic disease, characterized by early ageing caused by chronic inflammation of the immune system. This paper puts forward the hypothesis that the chronic condition of HIV patients transcends the mere biological or biomedical realms to be defined in terms of what we will be call a regime of vitality. The production of a new type of citizen, the chronic ones, will be analyzed using a qualitative methodology. Citizens whose understanding of themselves and the world is shaped by biomedical norms and biological data related to HIV representations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: since the mid-2000s, the services marketing literature proposes Service-Dominant Logic as an innovative strategic vision, based on the creation of greater value with - rather than for - the consumer. This paper seeks to explore their applicability to the health service. Methodology: by reviewing and discussing the theoretical of the specificity of the health service on the premises of the Service-Dominant Logic it has been demonstrated that: a) what its main characteristic elements are, b) how the co-creation of value is achieved in the scope of this service. Results: The credence nature, its critical character and its social dimension characterize the health service. With this reality, the co-creation of value in health care is obtained from the active participation of a patient becoming more informed and understanding of the complex balances of the doctor-patient relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the traditional speeches and imaginaries on the Revolution of the Communards in Colombia and contrasts it with sociocultural analysis and etiopathological descriptions of two illustrated parish priests and medical physicist of the eighteenth century in New Granada with the purpose of demonstrate how determinant factors of popular revolt of 1781 the tax difficulties to access the herbs, fruits and popular beverages considered medicinal and healthy, and sources of environmental welfare and socio-economic prosperity of the poorest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acrylates are plastic materials that are formed by the polymerization of monomers derived from acrylic or methacrylic acid. They have found numerous applications in paints, varnishes and adhesives, in the printing industry, in the medical and dental professions, and in artificial nails. Methylmethacrylate was first reported in 1941 as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Since then, occupational contact allergies to acrylates in dentistry, orthopedic surgery, printing industry and other industries have been reported. This paper describes the case of a patient with contact allergy to acrylates that work as a technical nail beautician. Patch tests with the Spanish baseline series of contact allergenes, extended series of acrylates and resins epoxi were applied with positive reactions to 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (2-HEMA), 2-hydroxypropyl-methacrylate (2-HPMA), ethyleneglycol-dimethacrylate (EGDMA), 2-hydroxyethyl-acrylate (2-HEA), ethyl-acrylate and triethyleneglycol-diacrylate (TREGDA). Patient demonstrated the clinical presentation of allergic contact dermatitis from acrylic nails. There should be a law against the use of these products because the health risks and the side effects due to acrylic nails in these technicians are high. A literature review is also made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical studies and reports on the human body are affected by history and culture, as viewed through what is deemed appropriate by the people of the time. When looking back, the historical memory of a culture also appears to affect the different perspectives that emerge from the common actions, speeches and ideas about social and cultural health processes of the time. In this paper we consider one specific representative issue of these processes: The social representations of health and illness as related to drug advertising of the late nineteenth century, from printed materials, focusing on the dynamics and key features of the advertising process. In this vein, we made efforts to identify the importance of analyzing of advertising documents and images to interpret historical press publications from Mexico in the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discussion on global justice, i.e. the discussion on the transformation of the economic and political relationships between the richest and poorest societies, is vital for public health today for two reasons. First, because there is a well-documented increase in health inequalities which resulted from the process of economic globalization; and second, because two approaches for managing these health inequalities have become particularly visible and are fully related to the field of work of social health: the social determinants of health approach, proposed by the WHO, and the social determination of health approach proposed by Latin American Social Medicine. In this sense, this paper aims to analyze the views on global justice that each of these approaches adopts as well as their proposals for managing the health inequities that are generated in each case. We concluded that the texts of the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health do not question or demand a change in the global economic and political relationships, whereas Latin American Social Medicine considers that, in order to advance in the elimination of global inequalities, an ethical questioning and a global restructuring of the power relationships are mandatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study and analysis of different factors related to the academic performance of medical students remains a topic of interest, either for selection processes or for the establishment of strategies and interventions to support students who may need it. It is said that there are two groups of features associated with academic performance: the academic (high school grades, scores on entrance exams) and non-academic (personality traits, presence or absence of psychopathology, sociodemographic aspects) characteristics. The purpose of this study was to identify the influence that different features of a group of medical students from the High Academic Performance Program (HAPP) at Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) had on their school performance. Materials and methods This paper presents the one year follow up of a cohort of students initially studied during the selection process to entry the HAPP of Medicine School at UNAM. We evaluated all first-year medical students of UNAM who, during 2009-2010, continued to be part of the HAPP and who agreed to participate in this research. At the end we studied 94 students (48 men, 46 women) with a mean age of 18.3 years. The analyzed variables were: academic performance, demographic factors, academic background, personality, abstract thinking, creative thinking, mental disorder. For the initial evaluation at the entrance to University we used the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory -2 (MMPI-2), the subscale of abstract reasoning from the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT), a semi-structured interview to investigate demographic and academic characteristics, and the figural test from the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking. In a second assessment (at the end of the first year), we applied the MMPI-2 (for a second time with the intention to avoid the pressure that students could have during the selection process to enter the HAPP) and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) to assess the presence of psychopathology. Also, final grades were collected from the academic file of each student. For statistical analysis we used ANOVA, multiple linear regression models, bivariate correlations and cluster analysis. Results The general knowledge test was presented as the only significant predictor for both the final average for all subjects separately, and for the final general average. Results: The general knowledge test was the only significant predictor for both the final average and the final grades for each subject. Characteristics of creative thinking (e.g fluency) or personality traits (such as MMPI-2 Mania scale) were significant predictors for the final average for most of the subjects, however they were not consistent at all. Anatomy (r= 859), developmental biology (r=852), biochemistry (r=.893) and cell biology and tissue (r=.889) were subjects whose average had a high correlation with the global final average, while public health (r=.696) and medical psychology (r=.670) showed a moderate correlation. The score of abstract thinking (r=.029) had not any correlation with the final average that these students got at the end of the year. A comparison between the two measurements (one at the entrance to Medicine School and the other one year later) of the MMPI-2 was made and we found that there was a pattern of consistency between measurements and all correlations among the different scales that shape the inventory were significant (p<.001). Hypochondriasis, Depression, Hysteria and Psychasthenia scales, tended to rise significantly. In order to evaluate the presence of psychopathology in these students at the end of the first year of Medicine School, the MINI it was used. Of the 96 students, it was found that 77 (80.20%) had no psychopathology, and that 19 (19.79%) had one or more mental disorders at the moment of the interview. The disorders that presented the participants were: major depressive disorder (n=15), generalized anxiety disorder (n=7), bipolar disorder (n=1) and anorexia nervosa (n=1). To determine the influence of the presence of psychopathology on the students final grades, we analyzed the differences between the group of students without any mental disorder and the group with psychopathology. There was no statistically significant difference in the general final average (U=678 500, Z0-.503, p=0.615), and it was a characteristic that only made a difference for the final grades of Anatomy (U=475, Z=-2.50, p=0.012) and Public Health (U=544, Z=-2.007, p=0.045). None of the socioeconomic aspects influenced the students' academic performance. Discussion For the group of the evaluated students, we only found that the general test scores of knowledge is a significant and consistent predictor for average subjects in the first year and the final general average. Conclusions The general knowledge test was a useful predictor for final grades because it seems to summarize many of the skills and habits related to student academic success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nursing has always trusted in the significance of the human approach within health care. This is a deeply rooted fact that, becomes more evident in the face of the 'biologistic' approach of western, scientific medicine, which at times, can even seem somewhat insulting. In this paper we propose reflection on the theme of health care which we hope will lead to further debate on the whole question. With this in mind we shall cover various issues such as: paradigm, science reflexive modernisation, Eastern, scientific medicine, quantum physics, etc [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the cases presented here from the end of the XVIIIth century concerning two midwives, one finds the action work of the juridical power as a representatives of medical knowledge used against two who have what might be considered traditional knowledge. These cases have received different historical interpretations. A review of these interpretations, as well as current debates, are exhibited next, followed by a transcription of the papers that compose these judicial pieces. The transcription and publication of these documents is to present to investigators, documents that have not received the proper attention in current historical debates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: this paper focus on perceptions and experiences of women who practiced exclusive breast- feeding for a minimum period of six months. We tried to understand their attitudes and what breastfeeding meant to them in an attempt to understand how this option took place and was maintained in the group making the decision of exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: the study was oriented by social survey qualitative methodology, with an assessment and interpretative focus. The sample was comprised of 13 lactating mothers, users of the health services network of Fortaleza, State Ceará, Brazil. The technique of choice was in-depth individual interviews. Results: the complexity of breastfeeding became evident, although many times considered natural and easy to be experienced independently from the social environment where it takes place. The role played by parents and grandparents was determined as being an important element in the breastfeeding process. This study concluded that successful breastfeeding was rooted in the concepts construed by the respondents throughout their lives and in their own experiences resulting in new interpretations of concepts prior to their breastfeeding experience, as well as in the events taking place during the experience. Conclusions: such experiences are not only linked to the subjective level for they report to the dimension of real life where relationships with the healthcare professionals and services are established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telemedicine is a medical area that involves the use of several means of communication to exchange information and to provide medical services, allowing interaction between different specialists althought long distances exist between them. Teledermatology is the application of the telecommunication with diagnostic, therapeutic, academic and research purposes in dermatology. Two systems are primarily used: live videoconference (synchronous) and the deferred system (store-forward, asynchronous). This paper describes the main features of these systems and a comparison between the two is performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Always have been told that: there is not tiny enemies, this statement couldn't be more true when we are talking about the fight between the body and different pathogen agents, cellular mutations, and dangerous substances. Right now our knowledge allow us to handle the matter at nanoscale (1/1.000'000.000 m) sizes. The nanotechnology develop this knowledge and be able to improve things as new materials, small amount of material to build devices, better performance with maximal efficiency of devices, and others [1], [2]. Using nanotechnology to solve health problems is call nanomedicine [2], [3]. This paper review nanotechnologic develops apply to diseases with high mortality and treatments that doesn't solve the problem deeply they just handle the disease with partial solutions. Therefore, nanomedicine will have greater impact in the future, improving the health issues of humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, part of a larger work, underlines the contributions of Maimonides, Ramban, to Sephardic Jewish-Spanish culture in general and particularly to the development of medical science in Medieval Spain. After a historical and biographic sketch, it points to the relations between religion and medicine as shown by his medical practice. As a conclusion it offers a pair of traditional narratives on the life of the Rabbi in the Muslim court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the historical process by which demographic growth was constructed as the "population question" in mid-twentieth-century Colombia. In other words, it addresses the mechanisms by which it was understood as a scientific, political and economic problem concerning the medical community, specifically the Colombian Association of Medical Schools (Ascofame). The paper demonstrates how this Association drew on notions such as demography, the idea of development as a path to well-being, and a broad definition of health to legitimize its authority and intervention in society. In its discussion of the historical construction of the "population issue", the article questions the use of quantitative methods as a tool to legitimize public and social action, and it reveals the subjective nature of quantitative description in demographic studies. Finally, it introduces the problem of the legitimate intervention of the medical practice not only in regards to its role in demonstrating the existence of the "population problem", but also in its ability to influence reproductive behavior in the quest for social transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the last thirty years, medical science has a growing attention regarding an emphasis to return to humanism to counteract the "corporativism" around the health care system, because it seems to be responsible for the dehumanization of health. As medical educators, we are worried about the impact that our own professional behavior exerts on the development of the humanistic attitudes and behaviors of the medical students and residents, however it still seems that the concept of "humanism" is confusing among the medical areas. This brings out the need to clarify what we mean by "medical humanism." To reach a general consensus that supports the evaluation of the humanistic medical attitudes and behaviors and outlines specific pedagogical strategies that enhance and strengthen the term in the environment of medical education ad practice. This paper reviews the classical term "humanism" and its evolution inside medical science until it may be considered a way of life with an emphasis made on human welfare and it enables the construction of human values and norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has four objectives: 1. to present an overview of the work done in epidemiologic psychiatry in Mexico for the last 30 years; 2. to analyze the main areas explored; 3. to identify the most used designs; and 4. to enumerate the populations studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]