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This article analyzes the connection of the modern writing of history with the domination of the conqueror, the sovereignty imposed by war and the concealment of this connection. At the same time, this paper postulates that the shift of other forms of relation with time towards «culture» constitutes the double episteme of this original formula of domination. The test is structured in four parts: 1. A study of the relationship between writing and conquest; 2. A work on the link between the writing of history and the theory of sovereignty, between the writing of history and colonialism; 3. A study of the procedures that relegated in culture the non-linear forms of relationship with time; 4. An approach of the mechanisms of historicism which prevent the thought of anachronism, asynchrony or repetition as subordinate historical logics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an analysis about violence impacts the subjects memory that relate to it in a war environment, as well as how violence and memory relate to history, and how they change in the becoming future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the political use of the past by two important politicalcultural magazines intertwined by a series of transnational networks. Explains the role played by both networks and magazines in the consolidation of an avant-garde vision of culture and history of Latin America in the interwar period. It also examines the role of magazines in the circulation of time politicization by the Latin American anti-imperialist forces based in Peru and Costa Rica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the use of specific rules to correctly identify ingredients used in cosmetics was essential for their control. This paper analyses the complex process to adapt the INCI terminology between the 1960s and the 1990s. Method: analysis of the legislation published in Spain on the control of cosmetic products between the 1940s and the 1990s, focusing on cosmetic's registers and terminologies and nomenclatures used to identify their ingredients. Printed Primary sources, and periodical press have also been consulted. Primary sources have been discussed and contextualized with the help of more recent history of science publications. Results and Conclusions: The adoption of precise cosmetic nomenclature or terminology was required by health authorities registering these products, as well as for the labelling to inform consumer. The sanitary regulation of cosmetic products was very lax until the development of this industry and its market in Spain in the 1960s. The consolidation of the dermopharmaceutical sector occurred in the 1970s, in part due to the efforts of various pharmaceutical sectors. The gradual introduction of international cosmetic nomenclatures culminated in the 1990s with the official introduction of the INCI terminology in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the emergence of smes in Costa Rica from an economic-historical perspective, during the years of 1950-2018. This periodization corresponds to the political structure of each period, according to the business development and the context to be studied during the import substitution development models (1948-1979) and the economic liberation (1982-2018). From the study, it is highlighted that, although at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century the number of smes increases, they face greater business challenges, because the State's economic policy is more inclined to globalized markets, aspects in which the previous enterprises do not have competitive advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decades, it has been revealed that semantic categories are flexible and that they evolve constantly. The aim of this paper is to explore how the polisemy of the verb llevar is structured. For this purpose, our study is based on the parameters of the diachronic prototype semantics proposed by Geeraerts (1997), who place the keys to explain the configuration of lexical polisemy in the diachrony. Therefore, we have carried out a historical study of the verb llevar thanks to the analysis of a corpus taken from the CORDE. The results are analysed, on one hand, from a quantitative perspective, in order to show the age and the frequency of each meaning of the verb llevar. On the other hand, from a qualitative perspective, each semantic change that llevar has experienced throughout its history are described on the basis of the examples of our corpus. In order to describe the semantic changes, we will also use other tools from cognitive semantics, such us the image schema theory and the conceptual metaphor theory. All this leads to demonstrate that the current polisemy of llevar is the result of a historical process of semasiological expansion from one central or prototypical meaning [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the notion of "gambiarra", a feature of Brazilian and Latin American culture, as a literary element in two short stories of the Uruguayan writer Eduardo Galeano. In this sense, some theoretical-critical approaches will be proposed for possible meanings to "gambiarra," not only as a materially objectified element, but also as a process, an action and a production method. I present as hypotheses some of the socio-historical determinations that enable "gambiarra" as a social phenomenon as well as its categorization as a concrete expression of a certain ontological human tendency. The analysis of the short stories, after brief considerations about the author and his work, seeks to understand how the articulation of the "gambiarra" manifests itself in the narratives, allowing also dialectical glimpses about its social dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is aimed at making a suggestion for examining social topics such as the youth-related ones from an epistemic and historical point of view. It is claimed that in the realm social sciences, reality shouldn't be taken for granted. It is also claimed that there is a need for subjects' situations to be epistemologically examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the one hand, this paper shows how Hannah Arendt's "tone", far from being "flippant" or "mocking" -as Scholem suggested in a letter to her--creates a necessary perturbation in order to discover hypocrisy. That is the way to act responsibly to interpret our present and, then, face and write the history. On the other hand, we remark some philosophical concepts that, when used blurredly from different traditions may create a fixed world and people. With Arendt's mastership we analyze them in order to reenergize them. For this task we use the help of some other philosophers as Fina Birulés or Marina Garcés. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender and women's studies have become more visible in recent years. A tangible advance not only in academic terms, but also at a social and educational level. Although these issues have gained notoriety in our country, we note that this does not affect the same intensity in the educational field. At secondary level, these issues enter preferably from the hand of the Comprehensive Sexual Education Law (Law No. 26,150) although this does not happen systematically. We ask ourselves then about the History that is taught not only in high school, but also at University. Within this framework, we promptly inquire into the entry of these issues within the History Teachers Program at the National University of La Plata. In sum, this is a paper that tries to question which historical subjects regain voice in the teaching of university History and at the same time it presents the curriculum as a cultural, historical and gendered device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to review the construction and representation of modernity in Papel Periodico Ilustrado, in its social environment and inside the National Museum of Colombia. Representations about this late 19th century publication and its link in the museum with curatorial script in the last decade of the 20th century are introduced. The documentary review demonstrates meanings about the nineteenth century nation and the construction of a historical narrative from the written and visual plane in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between the slogans and motives that form the discourse of «Propuesta Republicana» (PRO), this article seeks to deepen the understanding of the concept of the «third way» that its leaders have used to define the party identity. The paper deals with characterizing and relating four discourses of third way which, even with different temporalities and political-ideological orientations, resonate in the discourse of PRO. Thus, in addition to presenting the ideas of the third post-ideological way emerging in the 1990s with which the leaders prefer to identify it, the discourse of PRO is put in dialogue with other reflections about the third way, developed in II Postwar: thus, with the program of the «social market economy», with the debate held by a series of argentine catholic-intellectuals about the socio-economic project of «christian democracy» and with the peronist' «third position». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The social history of written culture reflects on habits and practices that, from reading and writing, allow us to appropriate texts to build the sense of interpretation communities. Hence, the library of an individual allows understanding their reading habits, their way of imagining nature, their relationship with political and religious power, and their relationship with society. Objective: Interpret Antonio Nariño's reading practices through the books of medicine in his library to approach the way he developed a presumably effective vaccine against smallpox. Materials and methods: A bibliographic description of the documents "Confiscation and seizure of property of Nariño" and "Papers, books and property of Sebastián López Ruiz held by Nariño" of the Nariño Archive of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia was made. Results: Of 39 books on medicine (seven treatises on surgery, 12 compendiums of practical exercise, 11 disease manuals, seven compendiums of medical topics and two books on childbirths) three books were treated with smallpox. Conclusion: The medical-scientific exercise of Antonio Nariño demonstrated his reading and writing practices, the representations of his skills and competences, and the recognition of his cultural and social forms and attitudes, which promoted a notion of public health. The study of the self-taught Nariño doctor allowed relating the techniques of scientific production -development of the vaccine- and the cultural materiality -state of art- from the medical texts of his library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the links that exist between the perceptions of teachers-in-training regarding the use of digital resources in the Secondary Education classroom and their own methodological and epistemological conceptions. Shulman's theories continue to largely guide current research on teacher knowledge. However, the impact caused by the new technologies has inspired new approaches like T-PACK, which put the focus on the teachers' digital competence. In order to address this goal, information has been collected by means of a questionnaire implemented in 22 universities, 13 Spanish (344 participants) and 9 British (162 participants). The analysis of data was conducted along three phases: a) examination of the structure of assessments regarding the usefulness of digital resources by analyzing latent classes; b) estimation of confirmatory factor models for variable evaluation processes, History as a formative subject and historical competencies; c) estimation of interclass differences by using confirmatory factor models. The results showed four types of response regarding the use of digital resources in the classroom that were polarized about two items: comics and video games. Important interclass differences have likewise been found regarding methodological issues (traditional and innovative practices), as well as less important differences concerning epistemological conceptions and views on the development of historical competencies in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies Margarita, está linda la mar [Margarita, How Beautiful the Sea] (1998) by Nicaraguan writer Sergio Ramírez in regards to his relation with the context (postcolonial theory). From this point of view, an analysis in the dichotomous hegemony versus subordination is proposed, where colonial influence is revealed from hegemonic projects. So, on the one hand it is demonstrated the hegemonic presence --politic and military-- through the comparison of the two historical scenarios represented, as a consequence of the military intervention on the part of the national and foreign military forces that represented the control and the repression of a whole country, and, in the other hand the reflections around the condition of subordination seen as an expression and opposing party of the embedded and integrated domination of the oppressed individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternating schools begin in Argentina, un 1970, with the aim of ingraining young people in the rural areas. In this paper we propose to analyze the specificities of the multiactoral framework that was formed to open the first school of alternation in this country, identifying from a historical and anthropological perspective the actors, demands and articulations that took place in this process. The methodological approach focuses on a case study, starting from recovering the perspective of the actors that participated in that opening through the analysis of interviews and file documentation. Among the results we realize that this multiactoral plot, in addition to creating a new educational institution, is confronted at the same time with a traditional school model and a production model for rural areas that implies the expulsion of small producers and their families. In this sense, this new school institution was seen as a space capable of housing a political and ideological project of social transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the history of endoscopy of the nose and paranasal sinuses in the Mexican Republic. The objective is to know why actually in the most countries the chirurgical and diagnostic rhinosinusal endoscopy is the gold standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo informa sobre el descubrimiento de los restos de un molino de papel en la Ciudad de México que data del siglo XVI. El molino, construido en el período colonial por la orden agustina, tuvo incidencia en la aceleración del proceso de evangelización en la Nueva España.

Although photography and cities have been close companions, there has been no tradition of the study of cities based on photographic evidence in the social sciences. It is true that in recent decades, history and other disciplines have provided legitimacy to the use of images as a valid research source, and important insights have been used from philosophy and art history so as to refine appropriate methodologies in accordance with their use. However, neither in studies of contemporary cities, nor in historical studies, is it common to see the use of images to question, argue, or interpret urban realities. This paper explores the concept of the panorama -a form of representation widely disseminated as of the end of the 18th Century-, explains its adaptation to the photographic format and, through the analysis of a few exceptional testimonies registered in Mexico prior to 1910, it also reflects on the distance between the purpose of capturing a "totality" within an image and the possibilities for the researcher to interpret from them the nature, layout and shapes of cities. The paper also contributes to the abundant discussion, from a little-known format, on the photographic document and on the scientific status of truth that their creators pursued. Moreover, the methodological proposal for the use and advantages of the photographic medium is delved into within the field of social research, as is how to come to justifiable results regarding the study of urban history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the seventies, the Italian Workers' Model represented the "most complete" participatory action research (PAR) proposal in the field of workers' health. From Italy, it spread and influenced the struggle for the protection of the workers' health of other national contexts. This paper presents a historical reconstruction of three experiences in implementing the Italian Workers' Model in Chile during the 90s of the last century in three different working places (sectors). These experiences show, on the one hand, the ability of the model to adapt to new contexts and demands and, on the other hand, the problems linked to the practice of non-delegation. The paper intends to be an historiographical contribution to enrich the study and understanding of the Italian Workers' Model and its past success, pointing, at the same time, to rediscover it as a contribution to rethink the current ways in which workers and experts address the occupational health domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the dimensions of citizenship, helping to recognize how work has been done around the concept and practices of being a citizen in different social, economic, political and cultural contexts. In this way, the document traces the ways of conceiving citizenship in different periods of history and emphasizes the new constructions developed today. Finally, we will refer to a theme of citizenship as a social construction resulting from the intersubjectivities of human beings with other human beings and the institutions that make up societies in each historical moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to use historical documents from archives as a resource in the teaching History. The importance of historical archives for theoretical research in Humanities has overshadowed its didactic potential until a few years ago. One of the causes has been the existence of preconceived ideas in the treatment, use and research on primary sources. Fortunately, agents involved in the construction of the past have changed, transcending space and traditional uses of historical sources and creating thereby a new historical culture. Considering this context, the approach and didactic use of historical documents heritage in the classrooms is proposed. Methodology is based on the educational itinerary through an historical archive taking advantage of multiple options for constructive learning of history offered by these spaces. The educational context that promotes learning is no longer the classroom: it occupies a different space instead, the archive. The objective is to produce direct contact with historical sources in which filters such as textbooks are dispensed with. This fact is one of its main attractions, along with the essentially practical component, an aspect that, in case of teaching history, it is generally difficult to achieve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Film and audiovisual narratives has long been recognized as a legitimate subject of the social and human sciences. They are studied as institutions, as shapers of collective conscience, as social practice, as an industrial goods. In this paper we focus upon their documentary value and capacity for mapping different areas of socio-cultural experience. There is a vast body of bibliography about the social content of films and television programs, although the academic literature concerning the methodological issues related to their analysis is significantly smaller. This disparity underlines the gap between the growing interest for unraveling their social meanings and the lack of awareness of the difficulties involved in linking their contents and formal features to the social, cultural and historical context. Unwarranted generalizations, flawed inferences and reductionisms resulting from mistaken assumptions and unsuitable tools have lead Westwell (2007) to describe this field as a "sub-area in search of a methology". In order to tackle that issue, the main theories about the relationships between the moving image and reality are discussed in the first part of this article. Next, a catalogue of the methodologies most frequently applied to audiovisual narrative is presented, accompanied by an assessment of their pros and cons. For demostration purposes, the last part is dedicated to articulate those methods in a proposal for interpreting a well-known Spanish television documentary about a highly sensitive period in Spain's history: La Transición, by Elias de Andres and Victoria Prego. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the incorporation process of the so-called "argentine emigration", in war forces and political circles of Montevideo and its rural hinterland between 1838 and 1846. This phenomenon, full of tensions, had a strong impact on the reconfiguration of local identities and "parties". Starting from a quantitative analysis about the volume of the military "emigration" this paper postulates that the construction of two officers' groups in the Río de la Plata region - "Argentine" and "Oriental"- was in fact a slow and conflictive process and was still far from complete in the middle of the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyze multiple experiences about the functioning of the first Open-Door in Argentina's inside, the "Asilo Colonia Regional Mixto de Alienados Oliva", created in the province of Cordoba in 1914. We approach a set of clinical histories and specialized publications of the institutional bulletin, deepening in theoretical and therapeutic processes articulated during the first decade of hospitalization of a patient who lived in Oliva most of her adult life. This study case questions the relevance given to this madhouse as a space of reclusion and social control. We show that, in a context of crisis about institutional resources and transformation into psychiatric models, the configuration of know-what and know-how of these alienists did not constitute a monolithic authority, accounting for how the behaviors of patients and their relatives, values and social uses defined types of income, diagnoses and treatment possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his essay on the work of art, Benjamin approaches the phenomenon of the aestheticization of politics, to which, in his own words, communism must respond with the politicization of art. In this paper I will focus on this problem, and I will examine the hypothesis that the diagnosis of a "aestheticization" is not exclusive, in the framework of Benjamin's philosophy, of the field of art and its relation to politics. I will argue that this problem is also rooted in history in the form of an aestheticization of the past, to which Benjamin, above all in the thesis "On the concept of history", proposes to respond with the politicization of history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I propose for the Basque case a shift in the last decades: the transition from direct and confrontational protest repertoires towards more symbolic and self-expressive modes of mobilization, in a context of typologies of conflict whose roots remain modern and material. To study this process in the Basque Country between 1980 and 2010 I use the Protest Event Analysis technique, and I propose three elements that influence differentially on the types of conflict and the repertoires of protest: the creativity of the activists; the repression of the authorities; and the aestheticization of social practices in late capitalism. These three elements cause a more rapid and intense process of symbolization and dematerialization on the protest actions than on the conflicts they arise from. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Last 27th of January 2017, UNESCO included The Olive Grove Landscapes of Andalusia in a preliminary list of candidates to become part of World Heritage list, which would mean a global recognition of this landscape and its a call for maintaining their heritage values. The goal of this paper is to analyze, through a scientific and transdisciplinary approach, the arguments for and against such recognition. We thus explore the geographic, historic, cultural, and aesthetic reasons that would justify the inclusion of this landscape in the World Heritage list. Moreover, we aim to assess and discus the environmental and social challenges faced by olive agro-ecosystems as a result of recent industrial management and global demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on a Social Work research project that attempts to highlight historical situations of discrimination suffered by women deprived of their liberty after the demobilization of various armed groups in Colombia: the National Liberation Army (eln), the People's Liberation Army (epl) and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, People's Army (farc-ep). This paper focuses on the establishment of Gender Justice. On the basis of first-hand testimonials, it gathers the experiences of some of these women and the violations and forms of violence they have suffered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study on the notion of female readers in various medical treatises published in Spain throughout the 19th century. This analysis sheds light on many of the aspects concerning the study of the figure of the female reader that was so common during this historical period. In this journey, we will discover science's attempt to pathologize the activity of reading when it is carried out by women, revealing the fear that underlies the possibilities of gender reconfiguration that may be provided through reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the press control practices used by the provincial political powers of Entre Ríos between 1862 and 1870. This period was characterized by an increasing political dispute and the deepening of public debate. An indication of this process is the increase in the number of newspapers and the diversity of their political positions. Most of the newspapers were Federalists and supporters of Urquiza, but they maintained a space of discursive autonomy and what was published did not always go along the lines of the caudillo's interest. Also, there were Unitary and dissident Federal newspapers which were very critical of the provincial government and the figure of Urquiza. Respect for press freedom as a legitimating principle of the exercise of power prevented the development of legislation restricting that freedom and discouraged the practice of filing law suits for libel against publishers or journalist among provincial officials. Hence, the way in which political power managed to limit opinion was dominated by informal practices of political control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the arguments regarding the regulation of freedom of the press in Corrientes during the second half of 19th century. In the first section I describe the main features of Corrientes' newspapers and the political context in which these discussions were held. Later, I analyze the participation of Agustín Justo, Miguel Morel and Santiago Baibiene in newspapers from Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires. The links between the debates about the freedom of press and the performance of the journalists in exile shows that these controversies revolved around three issues: the moral duties attributed to the press for the consolidation of a republican system; the limitations regarding the legitimacy of political dissent, and the role of the press in the trajectories of political elites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the conflictive implementation of freedom of the press in Buenos Aires, after the fall of Rosas' regime. It examines norms and the initiatives to reform them, some trials, government actions, and the debates within the legislature and the press. The study discusses the traditional interpretation according to which, in the province of Buenos Aires, those years were characterized by a wide freedom of expression. It also argues that the difficulties to implement freedom of the press in the 19th century are explained by the tension between the consideration of the press as a pillar of civilized, republican societies and, at the same time, as a corrosive agent of the social and political order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a relational analysis of populism. After placing the rise of contemporary European populism in the post-Cold War context, the static definition of populism as a "thin-centred" and restrictive ideology is exposed. A definition of populism as a process is used, in contrast with the tendency to apply static definitions. The figure of Pablo Iglesias is in this sense presented as an exemplary case that demonstrates the limitations of the use of these static definitions. The EU is also examined as a body that is spearheading the depoliticising processes that provoke the populist reaction - placing the focus on the "New Intergovernmentalism" to interpret the integration dilemmas - and the populist-technocratic and liberal-democratic dichotomies are addressed as historical endosymbioses. Finally, consideration is given to what should be done about the populist impasse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The argentine political-military organization Montoneros developed a broad policy of mass communication. Besides searching for visibility through actions and publications, this organization promoted other strategies of communication related to artistic creation. Although a sophisticated ideological propaganda was implemented through official spaces during Héctor Cámpora's presidency, the figures that sympathized with Montoneros were soon replaced. Then, their cultural projects, like the rest of the organization's actions, had to be clandestine. While several of these initiatives have been recently studied, we don't know much about audiovisual policies. This article explores certain political projects related to cinema, such as creating a film library and an archive of images and sound, as well as funding films in the exile after the coup d'état of 1976: Montoneros: Chronicle of a War of Liberation (Resistance Film Group, 1977, 105 min.) and To resist (Jorge Cedrón, 1978, 78 min.). This paper analyzes these initiatives in order to show the communication strategies in their transformation during the new historical conjuncture. Texts, songs, images, words, forms and sounds are allied to convey a political message, trying to persuade the audience to continue fighting and trusting on Montoneros' leaders, no matter what it costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research was to better understand practices of government forces in the context of Mexico's "war on drugs" between 2006 and 2011. To do so, we analyzed the "Confrontations" data base published by cide's Drug Policy Program. The paper offers a descriptive analysis of the statistics contained in that data base and identifies two main tendencies in the behavior of authorities during "Confrontations" in which they engaged with opposing civilian forces: increasing improvisation and a more intense use of lethal force. The two phenomena result from the scarcity of investigation leading up to a confrontation and the lack of legal support in the activities carried out by authorities during the so-called "joint operatives" during the Calderón administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we elaborated a review about Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, beginning with a brief historical overview of the technique, moving forward into the description of its functional mechanism and instrumentation and, finally, specifying its experimental configuration. LIBS has achieved significant progress, becoming a fast, reliable and convenient technique in the detection and spectral analysis of elemental constituents of matter. î‚Šis analysis of elements can be done simultaneously and even, in real time; furthermore, it is independent of the nature, origin and state of aggregation of the matter in the samples. We discuss the scope and limitations of this technique as well as its potential applications in many fields, including physics, chemistry, material analysis, biomedicine, biotechnology, genomics, agriculture, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of the year of 1895, Wilhelm Roentgen presented to the medical community his X-rays discovery. The first notice that came to the Mexico National School of Medicine arrived through a letter coming from the Office of Justice and Public Instruction written by the Secretary of Foreign Relations. Fulfilling the Porfirio Diaz Government instructions to update the medical knowledge. The aim of this paper is to present an historical review of primary sources to document how and who were the prominent figures who introduce this new knowledge at the Mexico National School of Medicine, and how it gets inside study plans, more specific into Physics and Natural History, and its application in the Hospitals. In Mexico City the outlined names are doctor Carmona y Valle, Tobías Núñez, Roberto Jofre, Secundino Sosa and Amador Zafra with the first thesis on X-rays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the possible local history boundaries within the paradigm of global history. Based on the questioning to the existing equation between local and global, by means of an analogy between micro and macro levels, the current research attempts to rebuild the methodological implications of the so-called "Spatial turn". Likewise, it analyzes the contradictions of the metaphorical analysis of space. Particularly, this research will focus on the rejection to the endogenous explanations of global history. This, in turn, contributes to the highlighting of the analytical boundaries of the circulation paradigm on which this is, likewise, based on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an outline of some ways that lead us to think about the necessity of memory, inherent to the experience of the present. We will work around three thematic lines within the field of philosophy of history: first, the relation between the past and our present; second, the problem of the personal disposition of the subject of historical knowledge and his inevitable belonging to the present at the level of action; and the sense of a possible historical experience where the individual and the collective intersect each other, in relation to the question of establishing whether it is appropriate to make an exhaustive remembrance of those who died because of the armed conflict in Colombia. With this purpose, we will point out to a series of elements drawn from Benjamin's philosophy of memory so as to rehearse some possible connections with the philosophies of forgetfulness, remembrance and memory proposed by Nietzsche and Bergson. Thus, we seek to establish the reality of the past that is based on the virtual existence of recollection and, from there, to determine the ability of the latter to be updated in the form of vital forces, committed to making a future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Civil Procedure Law, which entered into force in January 2001, was amended nine times in 2015. In some cases, the amendments completed the modernisation process of the Civil Procedure Law that started with its enactment. This is the case of the Law on Voluntary Jurisdiction and the Law on International Legal Cooperation. In other cases, the amendments were due to the pressing need to modernise technical methods and involved introducing the new electronic auction system and the general use of telematics means for court communications and to file procedural documents. Some of the amendments were carried out to improve the functioning of the courts and tribunals: the reform of the Judiciary Law and its impact on civil procedure, or its own procedures, which, by way of example, can be highlighted by the introduction of the written response in the oral proceedings or the possibility of lodging an appeal for a court to reverse its rulings on evidence. This paper aims to provide a general analysis of all the amendments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the texts of authors of Classical Antiquity (De abstinentia by Porphyry and De re coquinaria attributed to Apicius, among others), this paper analyzes the notion of pure food and their implication in the diet and over it. First, it studies the concept of diet, as a part of the therapeutic, that is, one of the medical instruments to restore health. For ancient Greeks and Romans, in addition to healthy eating, rest and exercise, the diet includes baths and purges; both elements are related to the idea of purity. Secondly, this paper shows the Latin terms that are used to describe pure food, crudus, recens, viridis and purus, specifically in the cases of olive oil and honey, which are considered the pure foods most characteristics. To conclude, pure food requires neither cooking nor preservation for consumption, and also can be consumed without mixing or adding any element to the product itself. In consequence, the notion of purity is associated not only with a dietetic domain, but this notion also reaches ethical and metaphoric dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is the presentation, description and analysis of an unknown autograph manuscript of Ramón del Valle-Inclán. This manuscript has been preserved in the archives of the Valle-Inclán Alsina family. Entitled 'La Real Falúa', it belongs to the unfinished historical narrative series El Ruedo Ibérico. This paper attempts to clarify its position in the narrative plan sketched by the writer and explain the working phases of this draft, something that could shed light on the complex genesis of the series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, Juan Gustavo Cobo Borda reflects on the work of the Uruguayan artist based in Colombia, Carol Young. Cobo finds within her pottery art reflections about the nature of paper and in her instruments, an archeological finding of mythical origin. In her installations, Young displays pottery objects in a sort of exhibition regarding the classification and record of memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to describe the criminal admonition procedure and list its main features. Moreover, this paper lists some key points that need to be replicated in the upcoming updates of legal procedures. Finally, it highlights some practical issues arising from forensic practices. The paper thus aspires to contribute to the ongoing research on admonitory procedures as well as to help highlight current critical issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper reflects on the responsibility that we, thinkers and social scientists, currently have in the task of building and criticizing historic memory. The paper takes as its theoretical framework Jacques Derrida's reflections with regard to the 'ghost', and his comprehension of justice as a form of responsibility that exceeds the forms of justice allowed by law. Moreover, we take the labors, claims and practices of the 'Asociación de Familiares de Víctimas de Trujillo' (AFAVIT) as an example of how the memory of ghosts is the memory that enables this other form of justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contrasts the process of recognition of the victim's rights in the Chilean criminal procedure reform, which was introduced alongside the new accusatorial system in the year 2000, with the one that has occurred after that, which has consisted in several proposals for legal reforms, in a constitutional reform and in litigation before the Constitutional Court. The paper discusses the hypothesis that there is no continuity among the two phenomena, which are based in opposing understandings of the issues at hand. Finally, there is a description of how, if some or all of the new reform proposals that affect the victim's rights are implemented, the Chilean criminal procedure will face a unique situation, and one that was in no way foreseen by promoters of the original reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the way two USA women writers narrate around historic moments in their country, move these moments in time and space to retell them and then study, analyze, and present them within science fiction conventions (more specifically, "soft" science fiction). The novels analyzed are The Name of the World is Forest by Ursula K. LeGuin and Mirror Dance by Lois McMasters Bujold, the first one related to the Vietnam War and the second to USA slavery. Both use hyperbole to narrate these moments and in both, technology is a very secondary element. The paper also analyzes the books within the debate science fiction/fantasy (understood as related to magic and magicians) and describes the author's position within this debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The statement on November 2013 by the US Secretary of State, John Kerry, that "the Monroe era is over" is an excellent opportunity to rediscuss this, which is considered one of the guiding principles of North American foreign policy for Latin America ever since the independence of Latin American States. This paper intends to shed light on an aspect often overlooked by the analyses concerning the Monroe Doctrine, which is the fact that this doctrine, far from being a concrete policy for the whole continent, had two rather distinct traits from both the rhetorical and the political point of view. Through mainly the bibliographical review of literature produced in the US, in special that which had access to primary sources, this paper shows the Monroe Doctrine had a clearly Caribbean--and not Latin American--character, from the acknowledgement, by both US and South American policy-makers, that South America was a system apart from North America. Thus, this paper champions that to South Panama the Monroe Doctrine acquired a considerably more "multilateral" aspect, which has been shown even by its famous Roosevelt Corollary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to mortality statistics, in Mexico, during the period 2002-2010, 393 people died by excessive natural heat, mostly in the northwest of the country. Information about these cases is valuable for understanding the social determinants of health associated with this cause of death, so in this paper we analyze the characteristics of dead people that reveal their social situation. The statistics, for example, show that most of the victims were men, most of whom had a low socioeconomic status. This paper explores and opens several lines of research on the impact of high temperatures on the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]