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This article analyses the experience of a small group of Chilean communists exiled in Mexico in 1948 due to a new law at the time called Ley por la Defensa Permanente de la Democracia (Law for the Permanent Defense of Democracy) that banned Communist Party activities. In their host country, these militants organized international meetings, published books and pamphlets, gave interviews to mass media and held other political activities, while the Cold War began to penetrate Latin America. For this paper, archives and newspapers from Mexico, Chile, and Guatemala were reviewed. Among the main results of this study is the analysis of a recursive policy of exclusion of dissidents by the Chilean State. Additionally, this research questions the way in which the processes implemented during that time in history have been evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development achieved by the scientific activity in the public health field, during the revolutionary period, promoted the origin of subsidiaries of scientific societies in different provinces of the country. In Cienfuegos the different medical specialties started to form their own chapters, among them, the Physiological Sciences. This paper is aimed at exposing the collected information about the emergence and development of the Scientific Society in Cienfuegos. A bibliographical review was realized and written testimonial sources were used (documents linked to the functioning of the mentioned organ). Elements related to the society, from its first Board of Directors, the main evidences found in scientific activities developed from its foundation, until its main contributions to the scientific work of the province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major mother of the Holy Well hospital-sanctorum fulfilled a transcendental paper in the maintenance of that institution. Even exceeded its functions, proposing, suggesting and making proposals even without the permission of his patronage that was the Brotherhood of the Mercy that was directing the Pious House of analogous name. The free interference of the major mother in the management of Holly Well often allowed by the Mercy provoked for the bishopric the first problem of consideration as the dismissal of the major mother Feliciana of Holy Teresa and chaplain at the request of vicar the Brotherhood of Mercy obeyed in 1737. However, soon after the incident, the same major mother proposed by the vicar resumed her leadership role absolutely necessary to maintain the Pozo Santo and the brotherhood of Mercy understood and accepted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 20s, many of the intellectuals of Buenos Aires were divided into two groups: Boedo and Florida. The first advocated a social art, to invite the workers to act. The second sought to renew the literature for aesthetic purposes. The Florida expressed his gaze through the newspaper Martin Fierro; and Boedo did it from the magazines Los Pensadores and Claridad. Tribuna del pensamiento izquierdista. In turn, on November 30th, 1930, the boedista Leónidas Barletta created the Teatro del Pueblo, with this starting the movement of independent theaters in the city. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the theatrical art is discussed in the mentioned means to observe what link with the theater proposes each one and what traits, which would then be promoted by Barletta and independent theater, had been scattered in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the analysis of a specific type of intimacy that developed among couples in relationships during the first half of the 20th Century in Mexican society. First, the analysis traces the presence of the romantic love complex through some of the sociocultural discourses and norms on women, the family and love during the said period, as well as the ways in which freedom in mate selection developed. These elements provide the context in which one specific type of intimate life was likely to unfold between couples, and which was characterized, among other things, by the projection of an anticipated future, a mystical union between the couple, a weak presence of eroticism in sexual life, and probably a low-level of emotional communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the representations of the Thousand Days' War from three tales by Efe Gómez: "Un padre de la Patria", "18 de Octubre" and "Peralonso". The tales are analyzed in their direct relation with the historic context, employing historiographical works. A critical posture of the bipartisan Colombian history is found alongside with the idea of war as a downfall and deadlock of the nation, and also an ethical way of thinking about the Colombian nation. Those elements show not only a thematic, but also a conceptual unity among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wilhelm His (1831-1904), a great Swiss anatomist and embryologist, professor of anatomy at the university of Basel and the university of Leipzig. His, made the first attempt to study the different stages of the total human embryo. For that purpose he introduced important technological advances that allowed a more detailed understanding of the embryo, setting a landmark in the development of embryology as a science. This paper summarizes the main contributions of Wilhelm His in the field of human embryology. One of his major contributions was the invention of the microtome en 1866, which allowed the reconstruction of the embryo from histological sections. Another one of his great inventions was the so-called embryograph, an instrument that allows viewing histological sections at low magnification and reconstructing them on paper. He was also a pioneer in attempting to select human embryos presumably collected in their order of development. He divided human development into stages, establishing standards from the relations between the shape and size characteristic of each stage. A large part of his discoveries on the development of the human embryo is found in his work titled Anatomie der Menschlichen Embryonen (1880-1885). The noble task of elucidating the anatomy of the human embryo was possible thanks to a set of technologicals and methodological innovations and his persevering work. Because of his great contributions in the field of embryology he is given the name of "Vesalius of human embryology". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women and Gender Studies invite us to re-read the role that is said women have developed by the different historiographical trends, which generally coincide in supporting the hegemonic gender ideology. Thus, the funding myths that support patriarchate leak historical discourses that settle in common sense women whose lives result anecdotic, never trascendental for history. This paper attempts to revise part of what has been said about Paula Albarracín, and to analize the facts that might have had incidence in remembering her as "Sarmiento's mother", "an illiterate woman who knitted", when even in the most conservative papers one can see that she was a woman with interests and practices that, undoubtedly, left a mark in Sarmiento. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the distribution of specialized subjects devoted to health care in the Argentine territory according to the First National Census (1869). We present statistical estimations and visual resources that contribute to illustrate the logic of the absolute and relative presence of graduates and empirical practitioners. By articulating census data with input from specialized bibliography, the paper provide evidence for certain variables associated with the presence of the State, the differential socio-economic development of the regions, and the rural-urban splits in the long first half of the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies certain forms of violence which occurred during the conquest of Antioquia between 1540 and 1550. As this province was a border area, both because of the aboriginal resistance and because of the confrontation between the governorates of Cartagena and Popayan, war and punishment against indigenous peoples was gruesome, even for the context of the Conquest. The aim of the paper is not to study the uniqueness of Antioquia, but to show that the border war was an imperial problem and that it relaxed morals allowing a punitive system foreign to civilized confrontation but valid in peripheral areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing current social problems of the European continent such as nationalism, cannot be considered without setting them in the proper context, analyzing the processes that have characterized the history and formation of European societies. In this regard, this paper gathers and analyses the contribution of different authors to describe one of the military events that characterized the twentieth century: the wars in the Balkan area. Understanding the same approach implies understanding the multi-causal analysis of conflicts, given mainly by ethnic and religious conditions, as well as by the no less important political, economic, historical and international factors. Also, the analysis of events can advance critical thinking, due to the understanding of international pressures that acted as catalysts of the wars. The fragmentation of the former Yugoslavia resulted in countries that are not out of the economic crisis experienced for years, so nationalistic feelings are shaping the scene of the “Yugonostalgia”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to enrich the analytical record of the process of formation of the political system of the Argentine “Confederation” in the 1850s, from the specificities of San Juan province. We considered variations of San Juan political and economic integration in the national and “transcordillerano” stage. We reveal that the attempts of San Juan authorities to (re)articulated in a long-standing activity as overland trade with Chile, though not always successful, were important both to define provincial political tensions and the gravitation of the province in the political and institutional frame of the “Confederation”. So, we analyzed provincial, regional and international aspects of this process, taking into account the multiplicity of actors, resources, ideas and practices that were involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the second half of the 18th century the city of Buenos Aires experienced a rapid growth in demographic and political terms that triggered a process of diversification of the spaces of the city. In 1790 the construction of a bullring in the neighborhood of Montserrat began. However, its location unleashed discussions among political actors of the time about the show and its role in social control. At the same time the residents of the square were involved in the conflict because of the negative impact that the bulls hauled to the neighborhood. The aim of this paper is to analyze the site of the Circus of bulls and the conflicts generated, to rethink the issues arising from the political, economic and demographic growth of the city from the perspective of Recreational and socio-political function and incorporate the spatial variable to the political and economic discussions of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the context of emergence of the nineties' generation in the Uruguayan theater, as well as its consolidation process in the first decade of the 21st century. Some proposals of the historical process, periodization and tracking of major trends in the local scene of the post-dictatorship period are presented and discussed. The hypothesis is that what has been called the 90's generation is strictly an effect of a critical and academic discourse (which, in describing it, builds it and notably contributes to legitimate the place of the artists who compose the Uruguayan theatrical field of that decade). A corpus of articles published between 1992 and 2012 will be examined, dividing this period into three stages that define the three sections comprising the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The railroad's outstanding role in the social and economic activities in Cuba during the XIX century produced the establishment of administrative structures for developing, planning and regulating the railway topic inside the island's government. This research is targeted to analyze the labor of the military engineers in the introduction and development of railroads in Cuba during the period 1837-1898. Therefore, this paper explains the competences of those professionals in engineering and architecture works, their tasks in public and private occupations related to railway's activities, and finally, it establishes a characterization of the buildings as a result of the expansion of this mean of transportation in Cuba. The approach to this topic, through an historical and architectonical point of view, emphasizes the exceptionality of the Cuban example due to its role as pioneer in Hispanic America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the deployment of social networks of pastoral aborigen in the Argentinean Chaco region between 1970 and 1985. It describes the structuring process of these networks and analyzes the relations that pastoral aborigen agents held with anthropologists and anthropological knowledge. The analysis is based on files -which the author has had access to- located in what functioned as a regional training center. The paper suggests that, being Development an hegemonic paradigm in the 1960s, it created conditions of possibility for the deployment of these networks. Furthermore, the article argues that ethnic markings on populations in which the pastoral agents were involved with were mediated by an incorporation of different anthropological knowledge. In this regard, people first assumed as "the poorest of the poor" gradually became named as "communities" and pueblos aborígenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leprosy has been present at the Yucatan Peninsula since ancestral times. In this geographical zone important efforts have been developed to study, understand and treat this infection (strongly linked to biblical punishments), so the objective of this paper is to call attention about the relationship of this disorder with that territory, and the current clinical attention to leprosy patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I argue against the modalist logical pluralism of Bueno and Shalkowski (2009). In the first part, I show that it is not well motivated, at least if its motivation comes from the objections they raise against the approach of Beall and Restall (2006). I defend the position of Beall and Restall against these objections, resorting to the requisites of necessity and normativity, which were misunderstood by Bueno and Shalkowski. In the second part, I analyze the modalist position and provide some arguments against it. I show that the examples offered by Bueno and Shalkowski do not justify a logical pluralism, but rather a logical monism based on classical logic where some inferential contexts can be internalized. I show that these internalizations are very plausible for the two examples the authors provide: database management and the analysis of epistemic concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will present the problem of virtuality from a philosophical perspective to think contemporary forms of understanding of the term related to technological developments in recent history. This perspective pretends to establish a thoughtful critique of the levity with which some concepts related to virtuality (such as "possibility", "potential", "reality", "actual", "cyberspace", "artificial intelligence", etc...) are taken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has two main purposes. First, I recall a relevant methodological reservation that concerns our reading of the Homeric poems (is it right to take one of our modern concepts, namely "body", as point of departure for our study of an ancient text?). Second, I try to explain how something like our common body-mind dualism could emerge from what originally was a single reality (in order to grasp the meaning of a Greek word like phrénes the modern reader would have to put his dualistic language aside in some way); nevertheless, it is also true that in the Homeric poems, especially in the Odyssey, phrénes seems to be one of the names for that peculiar space we would nowadays call "the innerness of the mind or thought". Finally, I suggest that this original single reality is related to Nietzsche's criticism of Metaphysics by means of the reference to the Ancient Greece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of developing a theory of pleasure that incorporates elements from subsequent philosophical traditions, Damascius defends, in his Commentary on the Philebus, the Platonic conception of pleasure as a "process of filling". This paper aims to show that Damascius respects not only the letter of the Philebus, but also the spirit of Plato's understanding of the nature of pleasure and, in particular, that of intellectual pleasures. Having assumed the polarity between desire and its satisfaction, Damascius proposes to understand the experience of intellectual pleasure as the experience where desire is fully achieved, so that both the process and the result of knowing produce pleasure. Contrary to what one may initially expect, the exegesis of the Neoplatonic Philosopher allows to highlighting some of Plato's underlying assumptions about the nature of pleasure, namely: the connection between pleasure and the human experience of temporality, and the dependence of pleasure on the structure of desire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is consensus in disapproving the journalistic articles written by Foucault about the Iranian revolution. They are considered clear mistakes. Some say that this is so because the enthusiasm of Foucault towards the Islamic revolution moved him away from his true theoretical interests; others say that what those texts reveal is a totalitarian, naïve, and even misogynistic background of his philosophy. By doing this, commentators spear themselves a hermeneutical work on the incorporation of those texts into a work whose general bet remains the subject of academic discussion. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to the issue; one in which the texts are not considered a mistake but rather they are seen as part of a diagnosis that can get some light from the ideas of travel, radical journalism and heterotopology. These considered as fundamental elements of a philosophical bet on alterity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the fourth century BC, Greek thinkers discussed about the limits and characteristics of philosophy in order to distinguish it from other practices. In this paper, I will focus on the portrait of sophists as diametrically opposed to philosophers. Specifically, I will discuss the platonic answer to the charge that Isocrates directed against all Socrates' disciples in the treatises Against the Sophists and Encomium of Helen. I will defend that Plato's strategy to avoid his critics was to develop, in the Euthydemus and the fifth definition of the Sophist, a character that combines the most significant attributes censured by Isocrates: the eristic sophist. I will argue that this figure does not refer to the Sophists of the fifth century BC., but to the Megaric group. They would have been those who, according to Plato, really deserved the Isocratic attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper two conceptualizations of labour in current capitalism are reconstructed and opposed. On the one hand, Habermas and Gorz understand that labor loses centrality in social life while it is crossed by instrumental and productive logics, whereupon they propose to expand other social spheres governed by principles other than those dominant in the productive space. On the other hand, the Italian Autonomism envisions a qualitative change in current production processes, which gradually abandon the instrumental logic to become governed by others more related to communication, cooperation and the search for autonomy. Here a comparison of those two lines will take place, trying to elucidate its theoretical assumptions, and according to the requirements of a critical theory that can study the present detecting both its fissures and its inherent possibilities for social and political transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sermón en lengua de Chile (1621) written by Spanish Jesuit Luis de Valdivia incorporates vocabulary from the Mapudungun language. Several terms in Mapudungun such as 'huecovoe', 'marepuante' and 'pillan', are explained as "equivalents" of Christian divinities. Based on ethnohistorical studies, in this paper we analyze the effective concept relationships and meaning in the Mapuche culture. The main findings suggest that these concepts have undergone a semantic change as a result of the writer's worldviews. Thus, a fallible discourse is generated in its argument effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents a contribution to the knowledge about the experience of the Japanese community in rural areas of Argentina, particularly Buenos Aires (state) across the first half of the 20th century. With the objective of updating knowledge about this subject, a comparison was made between communities in peri-urban agricultural colonies: La Capilla, located in Florencio Varela, and Justo José de Urquiza, La Plata. We also focus on the origins, incursions, productive profiles, and the level of participation of Argentine and/or Japanese entities that influenced how each community developed, as well as successful companies and migrant settlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most characteristic facets of Álvaro d'Ors is his interest in regional law. This paper highlights his main contributions, especially that in which he answers to the clear denial of Prof. Federico de Castro of the existence of regional law. From the Orsian perspective, the their reason is not privilege but subsistence with what it implies of social reality. The author uses the Orsian theses to refer to Valencian regional law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In my PhD thesis (published in 2008), I applied the classification of symbols' method proposed by Gilbert Durand to the Orphic corpus. From Anthropology, Hermeneutics, Psychoanalysis and Phenomenology of religions, I board the symbols' hubbub, and I obtain interesting results. Du-rand defends that the human cosmovisions are tripartites: the symbols of a people have to do with (a) the instinct of "walking upright", (b) the instinct of nourishment (breastfeed) or (c) the reproduction (sex). Plato, in the Timaeus, also explains the structure of the world from three symbols (father, mother and son). In this paper I analyze the word ERIKEPAIOS in order to find its original meaning. I based my study on the most recent studies by Alberto Bernabé and his collaborators, and in certain interpretations of Greek philosophy (Marcel Detienne, Peter Kingsley, Walter Burkert, etc.). I conclude that, indeed, in the Orphic texts the protagonist is the dead individual; however, he is the main character because he is alive, as the reborn, the initiated, the saint child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of the cholera epidemic of 1833 in the city of Veracruz, from a sociodemographic approach, using information from the burial records of the Parish between 1832 and 1834, as well as the statistics and reports prepared by the Governors of Veracruz from 1827 to 1834, with which it has been possible to develope mortality indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to analyze César Calvo's Las tres mitades de Ino M oxoj otros brujos de la Amazonia in order to rethink how the Amazonian universe (with its beliefs, myths, and knowledge) participates in the construction of Peruvian identity', assuming a notion of identity that is defined by heterogeneity. We propose a reading of Calvo's novel in the frame of Amazonian indigenism, which creates tensions with other literary formulations of the Andean utopia. The paper also looks into how the invention of an ethnographic narrator allows the intersection of diverse sociocultural universes in the novel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the debate instigated by professor Demasi's remarks that were published by Búsqueda in 2006. Our concern is not Demasi's opinions, but rather the arguments about the historian's craft, the characteristics of historical knowledge, and relations between history, memory and identity, which were expressed by politicians and analysts who participated in the debate. The paper shows that many leaders of Uruguayan society have an old fashioned view of the role of the historian. There is also a tension between the discourse of the discipline as scientific knowledge, on the one hand, and the historical myths that lend support to the identities of political groups, on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes those gender aspects that made a difference between the repression of women and men during the early years of Franco's dictatorship. The analysis is presented from both, gender studies and political anthropology. This way these aspects will be linked up with the inherited political traditions during the Franco regime. The paper propose an explanation about the way in which the separation of women from the domestic domain, and their entrance in the political space as public subjects that occurred in Spain during the second Republic and the Civil War; was a hidden fact, covered up by the governmental repressive politics. This was an elaborated discourse of the historical narrative that the political role of women was reshaped and reconstructed as collectively inexistent. It was turn into a distortion, as a set of particular cases of delinquency and deviation. The construction of this discourse was based from the beginning on the establishment of certain practices such as the logic of the system of justice, as it will be demonstrated in the analysis of the trial reports of women. It is by the analysis of this file reports, understood as cultural creations, where there may be distinguished the system of a symbolic construction not capable consider women as a political subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies some historical episodes of the travel narrative (1599-1607) by friar Diego de Ocaña as reconstructions recalled from the colonial Peruvian collective memory at the beginning of the Seventeenth century. It starts with some theoretical notions on the distinction between collective and cultural memory and formal historical discourse, and it also ponders on why these notions could be applied to Ocaña's manuscript. Then, passages of Friar Diego's account are analyzed, particularly those on the arrival to Tawantinsuyu of the Spaniards conquistadores and on the actions of the four Pizarro brothers, in order to determine their differences with the historiography on these same topics. Even more importantly, the paper aims to explain how those distinctions between formal historical discourse and Ocaña's narratives show the interaction and conflict of values and of social, political, and cultural interests at the time. This paper argues that the episodes on the Pizarro brothers disclose the necessity to eradicate from collective memory both Gonzalo Pizarro's blemish of sedition and the nefarious actions of the other brothers, Francisco, Hernando, and Juan, while Francisco Pizarro's image is extolled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on different urban and architectural projects, as viewed by the local press during Lencinas' administrations, a member of the Radical political party in the Mendoza province who was active from 1918 to 1930. Among the corpus of projects, we focus specifically on public spaces and housing for the low-income population, which became a significant point of attention in the first decade of the 20th century. The political change brought about by the arrival to power of nontraditional, underrepresented groups had an impact on different cultural fields in Mendoza. Lencina's arrival to power fostered social transformations that benefited the low-income social strata that had been neglected by previous governing elites. Among other changes, the new leaders implemented laws that favored the working class, such as retirement for public employees, and the 8-hour work day. These shifts in the political sphere had an impact on the architectural and spatial spheres. In this paper we systematically trace articles published in the contemporary local press in order to establish relationships between some of these projects and the populist political ideology of these governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the ideological evolution of a well-known Navarrese family, the Martínez the Ubago, throughout the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. Its interest lies in the fact that the first member of this family line were engaged with liberalism and some of their descendants were among the few middle class professionals in Pamplona (lawyers, doctors, etc.), who were active members of the republican and socialist parties. More specifically, the paper briefly analyses the trajectory of the varied generations of this family and provides further information about its most outstanding and unknown member, Vicente Martínez de Ubago Oquendo (1898-1952), who was a teacher, journalist and lawyer and was an active mem- ber of the PSOE and republican parties. Thus, the paper raises the question of explaining coherently why this family evolved in such a different way when compared to other families of similar origins. To answer this question it is necessary to offe information about the studies, journeys to Europe and social relationships of this family. Although this paper is only a preliminary study, it rescues from oblivion some of the Navarrese who went against the current when compared to the majority of their countrymen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will analyze Paul Ricoeur's Neo-Kantian proposal to articulate memory and history. The first step is to consider the concept of representation as a way to make both means of referring to the past comparable. In the next step, these two types of representations are articulated by leading back to Heidegger's temporal ontology. Amongst other consequences of this foundation, it follows that the possibilities of past agents can be reinterpreted in the present. This situation legitimizes the impossibility of setting fixed rules for the articulation between memory and history. Finally, this paper will discuss whether the philosopher does, or does not, commit a fallacy of composition, since his description is based on a specific form of history, while his prescriptions seem to have a general reach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will analyze Paul Ricoeur's Neo-Kantian proposal to articulate memory and history. The first step is to consider the concept of representation as a way to make both means of referring to the past comparable. In the next step, these two types of representations are articulated by leading back to Heidegger's temporal ontology. Amongst other consequences of this foundation, it follows that the possibilities of past agents can be reinterpreted in the present. This situation legitimizes the impossibility of setting fixed rules for the articulation between memory and history. Finally, this paper will discuss whether the philosopher does, or does not, commit a fallacy of composition, since his description is based on a specific form of history, while his prescriptions seem to have a general reach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper is a reflexion about the difference between past and history, highlighted by Lacan. Development: Through reading some of Freud's basic texts about technique and analysing a clinical situation, the author reflects on the notions of symptom, interpretation and transference. Results and Conclusions: The symptom, for example, as a representative of the repressed, is shown here as an indispensable guide, because it contains the remains of the language that can link the missing history, and therefore, using the transfer may find ways for reconstruction. The concept of transference is explained by questioning its pathological vision. Finally, the paper ends considering the dynamics of transference, finding many interesting sequences on the way the psychoanalytic cure operates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the ideology of the National Socialist Movement (MNS) and its leader, referring to Nazism, with regard to anti-Judaism. Compared to the decisive and explicit Nazi judeophobia, the Chilean Movement, although inspired by the first, developed a less intense, volatile and poorly mobilizing anti-Jewish public discourse. The paper is organized in two parts: the first review the extreme and mobilizing nature of Nazi anti-Semitism, from their accommodations and fluctuations; the second and more extensive, outlines the Chilean case, considering the Chilean nationalist tradition, the family and ideological background of the "Leader", the characteristics of MNS and its relations with Nazism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a review of information on personalities, institutions, publications, projects, studies, investigations, and scientific instruments related to Cuban seismology. The paper covers 479 years, from the first earthquake report (1528, in Baracoa) to the present. Five seismologists (Andrés Poey γ Aguirre {1825-1919}, Benito Viñes Martorell, S.J. {1837- 1893}, Pedro Salteraín γ Legarra {1835-?}, Mariano Gutiérrez Lanza {1865-1943}, and Eduardo Montelieu γ de la Torre {1883-?}) carried out scientific work of outstanding quality. The seismicity in the southeastern part is the most important in the country, in terms of magnitude, intensity and frequency of earthquake occurrence. Two earthquakes of 9 degrees (MSK) and eight of 8 degrees (MSK) were recorded, and a 6.9 maximum magnitude was registered on 25.05.1992 in Cabo Cruz. The strongest earthquake in the western part of the island occurred on 22.01.1880 (I = 8 degrees, MSK) in San Cristóbal. Recorded fatalities from earthquakes for the entire territory are slightly over one hundred, much less than in other countries in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents, based on a documentary research and content analysis, a chronological journey through the reality of Ibero-America regarding the topic of information literacy -INFOLIT. This journey begins in 1985, when the first work on the topic was published, until our days, when the papers are mainly related to the inclusion of information literacy into the curriculum and the use of e-learning platforms and Web 2.0 for teaching and learning information competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to demonstrate that the role of traditional authorities in today's Guinea Bissau is embedded in a long-term history that goes back to their pre-colonial and colonial history. Looking back to the situation of traditional authorities by the end of the colonial period (the early '70s), the paper discusses the different configurations of legitimacy of present-day authorities in relation to both local population and State authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanoma is the malignant transformation of the melanocyte. It is a highly invasive and often fatal tumor. It accounts for the vast majority of skin cancer deaths, with an estimated of 80% of all skin cancer deaths. Melanoma in its early stages is an eminently curable disease. It is time to increase one's suspicion of early melanoma. The aim of this paper is to address melanoma epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, biopsy methods, prognosis, and diagnosis. This is a non systematic melanoma review based on scientific papers that have been discussed, in the last 3 years with Dermatology residents and Dermatooncology fellows, at the Grupo de Dermatología of the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Most of the articles were selected from the internet by Eduardo Fierro. The medical concepts written in this paper is only responsibility of the authors and it is not the official point of view of the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers insights concerning the historical display and the historiography of landscape as a geographical concept. The paper emphasizes the theoretical and practical robustness of this notion in environmental studies. To this end, the paper presents an homeostatic analysis of the biophysical and socio-cultural components of landscape. Taking this into account, we assess the strength and usefulness of a monist epistemic approach -which looks at the landscape as a totality that can not be fragmented by separating its various and complex components-. This in contrast to the dualistic epistemic view that is substantiated by the nature-culture dichotomy. The last approach became a common discourse within the dominant scientific thought, but it is increasingly problematic for a comprehensive understanding of our emergent (environmental) socio-ecological reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a comparative study of the political emergence of Juan Perón in Argentina and Getulio Vargas in Brazil. It seeks to describe and explain how and why Peronism and Varguismo were two different political projects. Using the tools of political discourse theory (PDT), this research scrutinises the implications Perón and Vargas had for the formation of the political identities of the socio-political actors in both countries and to what extent this difference had to do with the specific ways in which both leaders intervened in the political formation. In this sense, the paper stresses the specific discursive and institutional modes of intervention that characterised these two leaders' projects and their role in the political imaginary they inaugurated. It does so by tracing the responses to Perón and Vargas by different socio-political actors and the polemic context in which those responses took place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the reception of Vygotsky's work in Argentina during the 1960 decade until the beginnings of '70s in a disciplinary crossing with psychiatry, neurology, psychology, and pedagogy. All these disciplines placed the child as a study object in order to approach the neurological problems related to the language and the learning difficulties. This paper is focused on the analysis of Azcoaga's work within that period using the concept of reception formulated by Jauss (1981) that allows showing some of the first readings and conceptualizations done by Vygotsky. Some of Azcoaga's professional fields involved in Vygotsky's work reception, the predominant theoretical framework and the thinking traditions with those committed institutions in its reception are studied in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To revise the medical notions and the historic representations about public health in Santander require to contrast the results of researches did by different historians trough of thesis, books and papers published in local universities journals. This paper proposes a history of public health implicate to surpass the academic studies about of politic and medical-scientific personalities to be assumed as a interdisciplinary and new-institutional process orientated to the analysis of the State politics about institutions, employees and patient care according to the impact of illness (endemic and epidemic) and the pressure by socio-economical groups interested in it. In this way, the sources and uses of the concept "Public Health" are explored, and its begin in Santander with sanitary politics about "leprosy colonies" are described, including medical and hospitalarian changes as consequence of the creation of the Ministry of Public Health and the Social Security Institute, and finally, a review is realized about the academic production that health and socio-humanistic professionals from Santanderan universities did related with this theme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze a special industrial space created by the Cuban sugar industry: the batey, or sugar industrial town. The batey will be considered as a tourist resource, following the WTO's FAS model (Factors, Attractors and Support Services). The batey can be considered as a historical and artistic resource, demonstrating part of the island's heritage and economic/industrial past. First, this study analyzes the characteristics that define the batey as a tourist resource. Second, this study describes the conditions needed to transform a factor into an attractor, taking into account the socio-cultural and political context where the process takes place. The Batey Brasil is located in the Camagüey region. So it is important to take into consideration the opportunities and potential problems of developing a tourist product in this region. Finally, this paper ends with some policy recommendations for tourist development in Camagüey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the results of studies about broadcasting media in Brazil, the history of the radio is divided in three phases. The first embraces the period between 1922 and 1935, that corresponds to the experimental transmission stage. The second period (1935-1955) is characterized by the consolidation of the radio as a media. The last one, the period between 1955 and 1976, reflects the lost of media space due to the television. The present paper has the main proposal to describe the development of the radio as a media in Brazil and its role as advertising in every period. This paper also explains the use of radio advertising after the 70's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a contribution to the research in history of violence in the family. We board recurring topics in studies on violence in the family, taking as unit of analysis review work carried out by researchers from the 1980s. The three recurrent questions that we have found in the production are: why women do not leave the relationship; how the problematic of family violence evolves; which new dimensions may be included in the analysis. We identify theoretical assumptions and conceptual frameworks involved in the formulation of the questions and multiple answers. It is concluded that ideas analyzed express the constitutive diversity among research on family violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]