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In this article we will see that depending on the context and diversity, discovering and teaching in science, should have an Intercultural look. The final objective of the so-called exact sciences, practically mostly, you could say it's the same. This objective would be to know and understand the secrets it holds the universe. But how do we discover? and how do we learn the knowledge that are already found?, we propose that this path should be intercultural. In this paper, first we will try to adopt and / or assume a definition for the words of Knowledge, Education, Science and Interculturality; because they are words that have much theoretical debate, and if we do not assume some definition for them, we will not reach to any goal. Then we will prove that interculturality must be present at the time of doing science and teaching it, for which purpose, we will find support primarily with studies of neuroscience, then, with the meaningful learning theory of Ausubel, with Piaget that gives importance to the prior knowledge of the learner, by Watson, Vygotsky, etc. Even we give an ancient example, in which this knowledge has already been used with good results; we talk about education in times of the Incas. This is a clear example that interculturality should be applied to teaching and conducting science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a theoretical reflection on the nature and importance of the processes of scientific communication within the academic world. The communication of science is a process used by researchers to present their findings; it may be aimed at specialized academic or public peers, or wider and heterogeneous public. Communicating science can be done directly, by who investigates or by mediation of professionals in journalism, who do reach the public to the knowledge generated in academic areas. Understanding the process of communicating gear science is crucial to create effective strategies for their development and visualization as a specific objective of the process of scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to reflect, on one hand, the need for an integral education of healthcare agents, that addresses the spiritual dimension; and, on the other hand, the need for a better preparation of religious agents that work in hospitals and health centers, so that, in the interest and concern for sick people, dichotomies in the name of faith or in the name of reason are prevented. The promotion of dialogue between reason and faith shortens the distance between sciences and avoids a divorce between praxis of faith and praxis of science, showing that, despite the different degrees of certainty, may be close by the object: the search for the truth that liberates human beings of all forms of injustice and oppression, disease generators and psychosomatic illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the characterization of the Jurisprudence in the thought of Karl Larenz. His view of the Jurisprudence will be studied as a normative, comprehensive and valuator science through the descriptiveanalytical method. Subsequently, a juridical assessment of his approaches will be conducted, identifying the problems of the posed questions and their possible solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research at the university is not only responsible for the research training of future professionals but it also should intervene in solving problems at social, business, community and group levels. This paper discusses this reality and analyzes the actions that link social participation in science and technology with the research training for university students. The literature review was aimed at finding scientific texts and unpublished research that address the issue from the science, technology and society (STS) perspective. Among the main results it is possible to find students scientific research initiatives, science and technology advisory agencies, as well as knowledge transfer activities, which allows us to come to the conclusion that there is a link between research and participatory processes through different modes of knowledge construction at the university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to expose a possible interpretation of the ontological problems influencing the conceptualization of space. Work starts assuming that is not possible to understand the space’s problem without contextualizing it in a broader problematization of the experience in the modern world. This means that the space’s problem has a close relationship with the specificity of modern society and the way she sees herself. In order to show these relationships this work develops what Hegel called: the «positions of thought regarding the objectivity». From this reading of modern philosophy based on the relationship established between the subject and the object, we try to show how it could be interpreted the connection between knowledge, society and space in different philosophical and theoretical perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to present an analysis of scientific training outstanding students deepening into the elements and challenges that society demands. For Support Program Highlights were studied in the state of Sinaloa, by virtue of being a program that seeks to bring its full potential talent manifest in children and young Sinaloa. For research interviews, observation and document analysis using qualitative perspective, the perspective of philosophical model rhombus Renée Bédard were performed. The results show that students in the program are being formed with a scientific identity under environments that rescue creativity, commitment and momentum talent with the constituency in collaborative work and human development, also are working on research projects, product development and initiatives for the benefit of the state of Sinaloa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexico has joined the paradigms that drive knowledge societies, whose continuing effort focuses on the technological and economic development, quality of life and international competitiveness. However, its efforts has not capitalized on outstanding results in terms of competitiveness and scientific, technological and innovative productivity. Neither the country has achieved a transformation of its universities to create a culture of cohesion that could contribute to social inclusion. Therefore the main purpose of this paper is to reflect on the role and meaning of the university, showing the reality of the country and the challenges that Mexican universities have to face facing the need to promote, via the generation, access and use of knowledge, the networks, citizen participation, equity and social cohesion as mechanisms of social inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to create a methodological approach to promote environmental education in students of Agronomy, from the Chemistry discipline. It was used the simulated cases methodology with focus science, technology, environment and society (STES). The proposal was implemented for three courses and its results helped students show greater appreciation of the study of Chemistry. This proposal help to the responsibility and commitment of students to the search for possible solutions to social and environmental issues, with arguments from Chemistry's content and consistent with the social, cultural and political context in which these problems manifest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thanks to the tools of Web 2.0 researchers and scientists have become personally involved in the communication of science, especially through the use of blogs. In spite of being important in the dissemination of science, these tools have only been studied in the English-speaking context; the Spanish-speaking milieu remains unstudied. This paper has analyzed the contents of 100 entries from what the Bitácoras 2013 competition considers the ten most popular science blogs in the Spanish-speaking blogosphere. The analysis includes not only linguistic features and rhetorical strategies but also the sources used in the entries. Finally, the function of each entry has also been determined - explanation, information or opinion. This study concludes that Spanish-speaking science blogs represent a hybrid genre comprising both academic and disseminative characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cognitive mechanisms underlying question generation are not yet well understood. Recently, the Obstacle-Goal model has been proposed. This model assimilates comprehension to a problem-solving cognitive process: the obstacles in the way to the intended goal originate the questions asked. A direct prediction from this model is the relationship between the distribution of types of questions asked, and the kinds of mental representations subjects elaborate to understand the provided information. Up to now, this prediction has been partially validated, and only textual information has been used to this purpose. In the present paper an empirical two-phase study is developed to validate the above prediction in a more reliable way, using non-textual information: the operation of experimental devices. Results support the prediction of the model with enough statistical power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cuban archeology has more than a century and a half of continuous practice. An approach to its history reveals the work of various associations, scientists and collectors, as well as the influence of different anthropological schools in the process of its formation as a science and the production of knowledge about societies that no longer exist. In this paper, a periodization of Cuban archaeological science between 1847, beginning of its practice, and 1940, academic and political limit, from an externalist analysis from the perspective of science is proposed. We show that between 1847 and 1898 occurred the gestation cycle, influenced by the ideas of European anthropology, and his scientific work occurs between 1899 and 1940, when a Cuban archaeological thought emerges, generating processes of institutionalization and professionalization and influencing the development of heritage protection policies in line with the world stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication, as a knowledge discipline, consists in the analysis of an interdisciplinary object of study, which requires the integral conjunction of other fields of scientific knowledge without losing its essence and specificity. This paper is the result of a critical revision of the numerous studies that have, in the first place, considered the communication as a science; secondly, envisaged the diverse communicative processes and understood the social phenomena from different perspectives. Finally, they have considered the communication science as an interdisciplinary field whose study requires an epistemology with a methodological pluralism that leads to the solution of problems through applied research. Nowadays, the communication research has taken diverse forms; those who study the uses, practices, social representations and the production of sense of the communicative phenomena, face the dilemma of choosing the adequate way to study a social phenomenon, which is the object or subject of the communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the appearance, in recent decades, of so-called knowledge-based economies, there have been various explanatory proposals or theoretical frameworks for understanding them. In this paper we aim to ponder, within a humanistic outlook, various concepts introduced by thinkers like Dominique Foray, from economic theory, Javier Echeverría, from philosophy of science, Manuel Castells, from sociology, and Edgar Morin, from the perspective of complex thinking. Situating human at the center of the equation, we want to approach the problem of knowledge and their meanings. To that end, this essay begins with a consideration on different conceptions of knowledge and the role that it has taken in the new society, continues with an analysis of the relations between the new economy and the idea of integral human development, and ends by outlining the application of the principles of Morin's complex thought as a proposal to articulate different perspectives on knowledge and the global society to which we belong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the appearance, in recent decades, of so-called knowledge-based economies, there have been various explanatory proposals or theoretical frameworks for understanding them. In this paper we aim to ponder, within a humanistic outlook, various concepts introduced by thinkers like Dominique Foray, from economic theory, Javier Echeverría, from philosophy of science, Manuel Castells, from sociology, and Edgar Morin, from the perspective of complex thinking. Situating human at the center of the equation, we want to approach the problem of knowledge and their meanings. To that end, this essay begins with a consideration on different conceptions of knowledge and the role that it has taken in the new society, continues with an analysis of the relations between the new economy and the idea of integral human development, and ends by outlining the application of the principles of Morin's complex thought as a proposal to articulate different perspectives on knowledge and the global society to which we belong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Diskursethik of Jürgen Habermas is analysed in order to consider, in the field of Ethical reflection, the change that Science and Technology drive into Society. It is pointed out that Diskursethik does not take into account the historicity of human being and suscribes a kantian position that separate rationality from phenomenology. Facing Habermas's denial to recognize a value to science different from its submission to dictum of theoretical reason, this paper offers the main features of a dynamical ethics which sees the future of humanity and nature as its own object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific support consists of helping coaches, athletes and/or sports teams with recording, data collection, assessment and/or decision-making processes through the use of scientific procedures. Its implementation entails important modifications in and adaptations of the protocols used by researchers in their laboratories. This paper uses a practical case study to describe and explain the steps and adjustments coaches and researchers need to effect in order to conduct this cooperative work. It should always be borne in mind that the purpose of scientific support is to enhance the performance of athletes and not for athletes to be used as research subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows how Hegel was opposed to a purely scholarly teaching of philosophy in gyms and universities, and outlines his proposal to teach it as a science, as a rigorous and systematic knowledge of concepts by which the human soul rises to the universal. Man just is what he/she is, and can only become what she/he wants to be through education as a "second birth" to the realm of spirit. Teaching philosophy cannot remain only in the study of historical products of philosophizing. It should become familiar with arts, sciences and the own particular religion in order to participate in this spiritual substance from beginning to the end. Otherwise, conceptual thinking would be reduced to a mere sophistical reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the advances of one of the lines of work of the research project "Social communication of science. Challenges and Perspectives in the convergence of languages " (School of Social Communication, Universidad Nacional de Rosario). This work will focus on the link-up between videogames and the model of social communication of science, considered as a relationship that allows the appropriation of science and a process that transforms passive receivers into well informed, active citizens, leading to a democratization of science. Videogames conceived as new media, a concept coined by Lev Manovich, allow the construction and appropriation of meaning by users through the simulation of different situations. They therefore propose a player / viewer that is not reduced to a passive guider of the plot, but rather is an active participant who reflects and appropriates of the game, transforming, adapting and manipulating it. The same properties can be seen in the model of social communication of science, centered in an active citizen who appropriates scientific discourse and problematizes science, this is, someone who is no longer an amateur, as Lafuente puts it, but a 'Tecnocidano' instead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a biographical and contextual analysis of the creative processes of leading Argentine scientists: Houssay, Leloir and Milstein. We analyze interviews, biographies, autobiographies and documents (works, speeches, letters) and several sources of information available in different formats: official websites and foundations, interviews, digital and paper texts and documentaries. We emphasize the role of exchanges with specialists as a conditioning factor of creative processes and significant advances in science. The biographical- contextual studies carried out indicate that interactions with teachers, mentors, tutors, colleagues and students favor the development of creativity and scientific activity in the cases analyzed. We also present analysis of other determinants of the creative process: contexts of work, ability to generate resources, educational background, knowledge available, sources of information, emotions, motivations and personality traits. Theoretical issues and previous studies on creativity in science are included in the first part of the text. Then, we describe significant results of the study. Finally, we argue about the relationship between communication, creativity and science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper condenses the results of an inter-institutional discussion that began in 2011 within the National University of San Juan (UNSJ). This discussion was about the advisability of creating an interdisciplinary instance, in order to debate about Public Communication of Science and Technology (CPCyT). At the beginning some questions are posed, related to the links between education and CPCyT, the CPCyT anthropological and teleological foundations, the CPCyT as an interdisciplinary field and the notions of science and public communication involved in the CPCyT. We offer some possible answers to the questions posed. Finally we present the Project of a "Program of Public Communication of Science and Technology", to be developed at the San Juan University, its objectives and actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Society and culture at the planetary level suffered major transformations during the twentieth century, particularly in the second half, largely because of the impressive degree of scientific and technological development. Forms of economic production also experienced profound changes, so much so that the greatest wealth, from an economic standpoint, now is generated by so-called knowledge-based production systems. The concept of a knowledge society has been forged to refer to these phenomena. Nevertheless, it is a fact that science and technology have brought about major changes, thereby making it urgent to develop strategies to strengthen the culture of science and technology throughout Latin America. The aforementioned concepts are discussed in this paper, along with possible strategies for bolstering the culture of science and technology. The authors also contend that a suitable model for a knowledge society in the Latin American countries should consider their broad and rich cultural diversity, which poses additional challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine Leibniz' theory of knowledge in terms of its relationship to the aesthetic universe inaugurated by Baumgarten. Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714-1762) is well known for having used the concept of Aesthetica as the name of a new and independent discipline focusing on a “special" type of knowledge (concerning with sensitivity), that is characteristic of art and artistic beauty. Baumgarten was trained in the Wolffian school, but he had to return to the works of Leibniz to find an epistemology that would serve as the basis for an approach to sensible knowledge science, that could become a philosophical knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of the German thinker G.W Leibniz in the philosophical scene in Costa Rica is the subject of this paper. With this purpose we have analyzed the 125 issues of the Revista de Filosofía de la Universidad de Costa Rica so far published, where most of the local production devoted to the thought of the philosopher has appeared. We also include references to syllabi in the curriculum of the School of Philosophy and the Graduate Program in Philosophy in the University of Costa Rica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the controversy created by Goethe's scientific writings all through the twentieth century, and discusses its varied interpretations by philosophers and historians of literature and science, among which stands out that of the Austrian philosopher Rudolf Steiner. This overview reveals a common misconception: there supposed to be a divide between Goethe as a poet and Goethe as a science man, although such separation is impossible to conceive in Goethe's thought, and his scientific writings are not more than superstition and poetic fantasy. The critique of such a mistaken notion permits to reevaluate the goethean ideal of integration between the artist and the scientist, between Science and Humanities, an endeavor that recent trends of thought, like the Third Culture, are debating and validating today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the relationship between science, technology and women. Thus, it resorts to the history of science and gender as a theorethical instrument because it provides a new way to interrogate reality, visualizing new analytical categories in order to explain aspects of reality that had not been taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the treatise On Ideas (Peri ideōn) Aristotle critically discusses five platonic arguments in favour of the existence of Ideas. In Metaphysics A, 9 the same author indicates that three of these arguments are less accurate than the other two. The usual interpretation of the Peri ideōn holds that this is due to the fact that they are not valid to establish Ideas. Against this claim, in this paper I propose a new interpretation about the first group of "less accurate" arguments, the arguments from the sciences. According to my proposal these are, jointly, valid to conclude the existence of Ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nursing has always trusted in the significance of the human approach within health care. This is a deeply rooted fact that, becomes more evident in the face of the 'biologistic' approach of western, scientific medicine, which at times, can even seem somewhat insulting. In this paper we propose reflection on the theme of health care which we hope will lead to further debate on the whole question. With this in mind we shall cover various issues such as: paradigm, science reflexive modernisation, Eastern, scientific medicine, quantum physics, etc [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between science, technology and praxis is one of the key issues to understand the theory of Jürgen Habermas. The need to broaden rationality has forced Habermas to consider this legal phenomenon. In this paper I attempt to show how Habermas emphasizes the duality of law, because it can be a means of emancipation, but also a modernizing object and an instrument of modernization with the subsequent repercussions on the freedom of contemporary societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manipulative activities are a popular learning tool that promotes the effectiveness on scientific and technological education. Aiming to promote its widespread use in all possible areas, in 2003 it was established the educational network "Hands-on Science" (HSci) in the frame of the Socrates program of the European Commission. It enrolled initially twenty-eight institutions from ten European countries (BE, CY, DE, ES, MO, MT, PT, RO, SL, UK) and a multinational consortium (CoLoS). Once finished the three-year project the network was established as an international association with the same purposes and philosophy. In an open and open-minded and participated way we approach and involve teachers, schools and educational boards, presenting, discussing and implementing well-established practices of the learning of Science and Technology. Its objective is to promote the development and use of manipulative activities in formal and informal learning, so that students "do" science rather than simply being "exposed" to it, while in the same time increasing society' scientific literacy. In this paper we will briefly present the main objectives, pedagogical strategies and proposals of the network as well as the outstanding achievements so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To speak of interculturalness bears to understand and to recognize the existence of different cultures in the search of dialogues and encounters of knowledge from the existence and evolution of a global world in the perspective of finding new interaction spaces to leave the scientific and technological appropriation.; For it this proposal points to Determine the existent relationships among CyT and cultural diversity and the list that complete for the development of the sociocultural groups besides the identification of the paper of the education in CyT in the intercultural education - knowledge, valuation and statement of the ethnic identity and of the knowledge of technologies taken place by other human groups. This document leaves then of a clear conceptualization around the intercultural education and of the principal elements of the scientific and technological knowledge and it concludes with the necessary orientations to energize the scientific and technological education from the diversity culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A look into the situation that prevails in our country regarding the field of science and technology reveals the urgency to incorporate a greater number of young female students in those activities. Specially, women whose barely make up for the third part of those who do science research. The main purpose in this paper is to identify the obstacles this young females, who study natural and precise sciences, perceive regarding the scientific career. Six UNAM students of two branches of science answered semi structured interviews. The results showed that gender and class conditions are a big influence, both positive and negative, over their participation in science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an approximate definition of the term, information society, as well as its ethical implications will be examined based on an analysis of their content, origin, relationships, and particularly, their impact on scientific and ethical works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I explore the history of a failed attempt at standardization of prestressed concrete joists (small beams) at the end of the 1950s in Spain: Punto Azul (Blue Point). Punto Azul was a means of developing and spreading performance standards for mass-produced structural components. The project, championed by the Instituto Técnico de la Construcción y del Cemento (Technical Institute for Construction and Cement) and his director Eduardo Torroja, of international reputation as a structural engineer, tried to gather the state and private business around construction experts. However, the project aroused opposition that, after heated controversy, led to its termination. This paper will follow the Punto Azul story in order to unveil the intermingling of science, technology and political economy in a time of changes within the Francoist regime. Thus, I will show that Punto Azul conveyed a whole program of industrialization of construction that included the development of 'the sciences of construction', a growing technological integration with other European countries and a project of control and regulation of Spain's private industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decades an important revision and fragmentation of the history of science canonical narratives -based in the emergence of modern science in the West and its progress towards the establishment of industrial civilization - has taken place. In this paper we intend to analyze some of the most recent historiographical debates from the standing point of our experience as historians of the European "periphery". We will focus on three major questions: the -essentially Anglo-American- claims for the need of a new "big picture" able to connect with wide audiences and to avoid the centrifugal tendencies of specialization; the loss of internationalism in academic output and perspectives, and the current debates on the heyday and decline of the nationstate and its validity as a unit of analysis. As a result of this discussion we suggest a historiographical program based on the use of comparative history together with the analysis of communication processes at different levels - from the local to the transnational. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper is pretended to emphasize the relevancy of returning the links between nature, science and religion in order to the generation of a sustainable society in whom his members overcome the separation body - spirit. Such a society would be an emergent culture that would look for alternative ways to the rigid formal schemes that are held from the power in shift. This alternative enlarges the human sensibility opposite to the poverty that reduces the human life in the development of the western modernity, which turns out to be in three ways: poverty of to think that forgets the meaning of thinking; ontological-existential poverty; ethical-spiritual poverty. From these budgets, is proposed to rethink the science like a think meditatively that recovers the human sense present on it and helps to replace it in relation with the whole human knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why popularize science? Nowadays, there are different proposals to communicate science, although its major interest lies in spreading it. Based on this reflection, which has started from a previous analysis, are established the differences between: a) the simple sense of communicating or spreading science and b) popularizing it. Every communication process of science, in the sense of popularizing it, must take into account the scientific contents as objects of communication, which are products of a social process and respond to a historic, economic, political and cultural context in which they have been produced and from which it is possible to understand them. This paper provides some contributions to popularize science, with a theoretical background based on the principles by Freire, Kaplun and Moscovici. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the historical conditions of two debates about evolution in nineteenth century Colombia. The aim is to show how Darwin's was understood within colombian intellectual context, and how some intellectuals generated positions along the theory. The way they were constructed, References, opinions, persuasion capability, among others are very important to understand the main characteristics of scientific discourse, and examples to create authority and credibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we will reflect on the science-technology and society relation through a particular case: participation HIV affected people in public spaces. We work on four cases of public interventions of different activist groups and NGO. We analyze the implications of this interventions on knowledge construction, on the relation of science and society and on the democratization of the policy. We based this work on bibliography material, secondary sources and interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

in this paper we analize a third period in Russell's ethics, from 1940 to 1970. Representative of this phase is his Human Society in Ethics and Politics (1954). In his Autobiography Russell does not seem to be aware of the existence of this third phase, a fact that makes more valuable this investigation. In his 1954 book Russell tries to find a middle ground between reason and passion, subjectivity and objectivity in ethics, as well as between science and ethics. This period can also be characterized as a transition from ethical realism (19001914) to emotivism (1915-1940). We contend that Russell's answer to the problem of the relations between reason and passion are not entirely satisfactory. In addition, doubts and contradictions can be found in his writings of this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this paper is to analyse the status of opinion (doxa) within Aristotle's theory of scientific knowledge, taking as a starting-point the text of APo. I 33. In the course of the discussion, we show that science (episteme) and opinion can have the same object and even coincide in the selection of the same properties of the same object (both necessary and contingent), because the fundamental difference between science and opinion is not one of object. The fundamental difference between science and opinion is that science knows as a necessary truth what opinion states as a contingent fact. Incidentally, this conclusion implies that Aristotle subscribes the distinction between sentence and proposition (which is normally regarded as a discovery of the Stoics), since we can only make sense of Aristotle's theory by recognising that, for such a theory, science and opinion express different propositions even when they pronounce the same sentence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I discuss the scientific possibilities of communication. The debate focuses on some aspects of the epistemology of communication epistemology and of the construction of a general science to explain social reality and culture. In this essay, I present the main arguments for those who regard scientificity as a possibility or as a vain enterprise. In the second part, I review ample visions of communication by those who call themselves "communicologists"; that is, scientists who have mainly reflected on communication, from outside communication studies. Finally, I explain why communication has become the area of inquiry that leads to the temptation of regarding it as the meeting point of sciences, whose object is information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, based upon the policy statements in science and technology in our country which are established in the Special Program of Science and Technology, PECyT (2001-2006), carries out an analysis of the instrumentation levels on these statements. It reviews, in a central way, three dimensions which are: the financing for these activities emphasizing in the total investment in science and technology, the percentage of the GDP that the government destines to these activities and the percentage of the same GDP for researching and development. The main element for the impulse of this sector is the training on human resources, where it emphasizes the promotion to the graduate studies and the consolidation of the National System of Researchers (SNI). The main objective of a science and technology sector is to improve the competitiveness of the country, then our preoccupation focuses to review the productivity of the Mexican researchers; the behavior of the international index of competitiveness, the place that Mexico is able to reach, and finally, a revision of the technological payments balance of our country is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Edgar Morin's framework of Complex Thinking the paper explores a perspective of Science Education which goes beyond the traditional disciplinary approach. This argument is illustrated with examples of dialogic relationships of Science and Fine Arts and clues are put forward of how to explore such dialogic relationships in an educational context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2006 Hwang's fraudulent papers published in Science on stem cell research re-opened the debate on scientific misconduct. Taking this as a starting point, some reflections are put forward on the dimension of fraud in science. The singularity of Hwang's case, due to its scientific, social and media impact, is examined as a consequence of the persuasion mechanisms systematised in the so-called Routes of Scholarly Lying. Furthermore, the reasons for publishing fraudulent research, the inefficiency of peer review for detecting it, and the various mechanisms for managing and eradicating it, are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explains that the so-called "Standard Cosmology", a means of chronicling the universe from the Big Bang until the present, is a mixture on three levels: experimental results, scientific hypotheses and the traditional narrative construction. The narrative construction is not the product of hypotheses, and certainly not of experimental results, but rather a mold that is forced upon us to deny the contingency and unify a heterogeneous series of areas of scientific knowledge and languages, which are incommensurable. The use of the cosmological narrative model is due to the belief, never clearly defined in the PSR (Principle of Scientific Reason), also known as the Strong Anthropic Principle (SAP). This old metaphysical principle is the keystone for the contemporary self-styled "scientific system" and an indispensable foundation for science to be considered an ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper pretends to propose a defense of presentism as a form of historical narrative of science. First of all, the foundational ideas that sustain the attack on presentism as a way of doing the history of science will be presented. Next, we will present some arguments that have been offered as a defense of presentism from the theory of the history of science. Finally, we shall give a defense of presentism from the teaching of science that may cancel the negative visions about the Historian-Scientist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no doubt that we live in an increasingly influenced science and technology society. This paper shows the concepts of science and technology and the relationships between them. In the first part we make an approach to science and technology meanings, discussing them from a systemic perspective of their practices. Going beyond technical aspects we also include social, cultural and personal dimensions. In the second part we analysed with detail, the complex relationships between science and technology through five theoretical models, illustrated with several historic examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Funding of R&D activities has been a widely discussed issue world-wide in the last two decades due to the decline of public funding sources and the rising role of the private sector as an alternative sponsor. The discussion regarding R&D funding in public universities is particularly important because of the way in which research agendas are established, and of the conditions of access to research results which depend on where funding came from. This paper searches to introduce a critical analysis of the current tendencies of the knowledge system that was historically generated and sustained from public universities. Specifically, the analysis will be centered in the evolution of the equilibrium between the public and private sectors regarding the funding of R&D, and in the newest mechanisms of the public universities as producers of scientific knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines an approach to Karl R. Popper's philosophical and epistemological proposition (philosophy of science), as a theoretical framework to analyze the links between literary and visual creativity. Popper's methodological proposal is briefly reviewed, as well as the way his epistemological categories are linked to the creative process, enriching it as a cognitive instrument. Then the scope of this instrument as a tool for proving and predicting validity, is explored by applying it to a particular case: the creative process that led to the creation of 18 original visual works that attempt to reflect the original sounds of vowels and consonants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]