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This paper aims to explore gender splitting in Spanish regarding the denomination of male and female children in the nineteenth century. In this study we have analyzed historical facts as sexual segregation in the schools, as well as the pragmatic-discoursive necessity that speakers have of referring to sex. Moreover, we examine the way in which the nineteenth-century press could be a very interesting framework concerning the concept of discoursive traditions on that phenomenon. Here we have studied a small corpus of texts where gender splitting occurred. And for that purpose, we have coined a new methodological instrument from cognitive sociolinguistics as "gendered sociolinguistic universe" where this discoursive strategy could be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the notion of linguistic variation in Arabic written sources from the premodern period. More specifically, it examines the two surviving manuscripts (ms. M-O-9 y ms. d3643) of Risāla fī Ādāb al-Ḥisba wa-l-Muḥtasib by ʿAbd al-Raʾūf, an Andalusi ḥisba manual from the 10th c. CE, with the goal of describing the use of non-standard features and identifying the factors that drive this type of alternation. The linguistic description of the ḥisba texts shows that the use of non-standard forms occurs at all levels: orthographic, phonetic, lexical, morphological, and syntactical. In addition, it suggests that there are, at least, four internal and external factors that seem to motivate the appearance of linguistic variation: orthographic conventions of non-classical or non-standard written sources, the dialectal environment surrounding the document’s composition, sociolinguistic context, and, finally, semantic and pragmatic aspects. The analysis reveals that non-standard forms in these documents perform similar functions to those attributed in other oral and written varieties of Arabic. These findings confirm that the linguistic variation shown in ms. M-O-9 and in ms. d3643 is not random; that is, it follows regular patterns of language use, which represents a promising path for future research on non-standard written varieties of Arabic from the Islamic West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research we present a sociolinguistic study on the variation of the/s/in implosive position in the Spanish spoken in the city of Seville. For this purpose, the work is based on PRESEEA materials from the high educational level of Seville's citizens, which in made of semi-structured surveys recollected between 2012 and 2014. The results have been obtained through a quantitative study of the data and after a application of stadistic correlations and logistic regression analyses in order to observe the influence of the independent variables in the pronunciation of the/s/implosive consonant when all the factors act simultaneously. The aim of this paper is to analyze what linguistic and social factors influence the production of the different articulatory variants of the phoneme/s/(sibilance, aspiration, elisión, assimilation and aspiration with assimilation). The results show that the aspirated allophone [h] is the most frequent variant, reaching the highest percentages, followed by the elision, which contrasts with the results obtained in others linguistic communities of Andalusia (e.g.: Málaga, Jaén, Granada) where it is observed that the most used variant is the elision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the contemporary era of globalization, there is persistent pressure on minority languages from the dominant languages, partly because many minority language speakers find shifting to a dominant one a profitable choice. Language policy scholarship through the past decades, whether top-down or bottom-up, also registers that many minority speakers intend to preserve or reclaim their languages as active agents through everyday interactions and the transmission of the language within the home or in the community despite these external pressures. Based on Stroud's (2018) analytical framework of 'sociolinguistic citizenship' that investigates questions of power, ideology, legitimacy and marginalisation, this paper examines the multifarious layers between governmental language policies and how they are interpreted, implemented or negotiated by a wide range of social actors (e.g., parents, students, teachers, activists), revealing ideological spaces for the use or non-use of Galician, an official minority language spoken in a bilingual community of northwestern Spain. Using various qualitative research tools, including field observations, interviews and focus groups, we demonstrate how these actors become policy intermediaries on the ground and argue that their under-the-radar participation in the policy discourse may appear extremely intermittent and ad hoc, but their microcosmic interrogation of the dominant Castilian discourse through individual actions, when translates into collective mobilisations can lead to bottom-up language policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the social and stylistic variation in the speech prosody of the Spanish of Mérida, Yucatán. Assertive utterances from sociolinguistic interviews and discourse completion tasks are analyzed considering the social variables of age, gender and educational level. The prosodic analysis is carried out within the Autosegmental Metrical model (Pierrehumbert 1980, Ladd 2008) and with the Sp_ToBI labeling conventions (Hualde & Prieto 2015). The results show that this variety of Spanish is characterized by a prominent descent starting from the first tonal peak, the early-peak alignment in some prenuclear positions, and the presence of some non-falling boundary tones. The social and stylistic variation suggests that the last two are features that indicate vernacularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sociolinguistic is the discipline related with the aspects of the society that influence in the use of the language, as the cultural norms and the context in the speakers' environment. It studies the language like a system of signs in the social context. This paper has as main objective the design of a model for the study of this discipline according to the age of individuals, based on the cognitive fuzzy maps. Fuzzy cognitive maps are tools that allow us to represent the knowledge by means of the relationship of concepts, where for each relationship it is associated a weight in the interval [-1, 1] or [0, 1] that means the degree of each relationship among concepts, and moreover if this it is direct or inverse. The proposed model is an approach to the topic that will allow us carrying out predictions on possible scenarios, besides to spread and to share the results obtained by each one of the investigators interested in the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose a reflection on the theoretical and empirical relevance of approaching the study of historical linguistic change study considering marginalia, that is, phenomena that are typologically unexceptional, but which have been ignored in linguistic research. The objective is to draw attention to the tunnel vision that linguistic theories usually entail for those who work within them, since the paradigms themselves and the study methods that are developed within such theories lead to ignoring certain linguistic phenomena relevant to the study of languages which are relegated to the margins of linguistic description. In order to prove the relevance of these marginalia, we will point out the importance they have had for the advancement of linguistic theories in the last two hundred years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes and analyses, from a sociolinguistic point of view, the frequency of the phenomenon of the depalatalization of the voiced palatal nasal phoneme in the Spanish spoken in Montevideo. For the purpose of this paper, a survey comprising 150 respondents has been conducted -taking into account age, sex and sociocultural level variables-. The results demonstrate the recent existence of the process of dephonologization in the Spanish spoken in this city. At the same time, the results are described according to the recorded variables and, furthermore, are based on the phonic context and the prosodic characteristics in which the process of elimination of the palatal character of the aforementioned phoneme is manifested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to describe the alternation between the presence and absence of third person singular subject in the Spanish dialect of Montevideo, so that new data can be provided about this morphosyntactic variation. This phenomenon consists in that the grammatical subject can be expressed by means of an explicit or implicit form in a personal clause with conjugated verb. In order to carry out this research, a sample of twelve semidirected interviews, belonging to the sociolinguistic corpus of Montevideo, attached to PRESEEA, was analyzed. The alternation was correlated with linguistic variables—verbal typology, ambiguity, turn of conversation, speech connectivity and distance clause—and social variables—sex, age and degree of instruction—. The results show that the use of explicit pronominal forms of subject of a third singular person is due to discursive reasons linked to textual cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses concessive resources with a mitigating function which are found in argumentative acts in the PRESEEA corpus from Santiago, Chile. Based on data from 36 semi-structured interviews, the behaviour of concessive-oppositional moves and concessive discourse particles in argumentative acts is analyzed, and their sociolinguistic variation is described in relation to the speakers' gender, age and level of education. The key findings highlight that in Chilean Spanish there are at least 12 strategies that fulfill a mitigating concessive function, among which "sí, pero (yes, but) + negation", "aunque (even though)", "no, pero (no, but) + assertion" and "a pesar (de) que (despite the fact that)" stand out. These strategies are linked to the functions of self-protection and face prevention in the development of the argumentative act. Furthermore, it is also observed that the variation is mostly due to the subject's age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The image of the heart regularly appears in our daily lives: it decorates multiple everyday objects, such as clothing, logos, shop windows, and it appears on graffiti. Additionally, it is ubiquitous in the digital world, as the "like" button is often in the shape of a heart. The aim of this paper is to identify the reasons why the image of the heart is so widespread, and the functions performed by its representation. In order to do so, we carried out a linguistic and semiotic landscape study, by analysing a large corpus of images of hearts, collected in the urban landscape and on the Internet. The results show that the hearts found in the two corpora perform all language functions identified by Jakobson (1984); the main contexts of use of the heart are the expression of love, appreciation, and gratitude. Finally, we comment on the "transfer" of functions of the heart from street to screen and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is part of the symbolic universe of man, it shows the degree of culture and social development that defines him as a species. Its study deserves an interdisciplinary approach, since its importance transcends the spellings captured on paper or the articulation of sounds through syllables. From a philosophical perspective, language and consciousness are articulated to decode reality and lead man towards his historical development. From sociolinguistics, language is evaluated from its social uses, in the midst of the communicative interaction between different linguistic groups. This research highlights the importance of language teaching, however, leaving aside the normative and descriptive criteria that do not take into account social facts or the context in which learning takes place. The work does not pretend to establish a definitive position regarding the subject, on the contrary, it points towards the need to reinforce the teaching of language and to point out the value it has as an instrument of social transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anclajes, from its beginnings and until today, has fostered the dissemination of articles and book reviews linked to descriptive linguistics, sociolinguistics and the historiography of the languages of Latin America. This paper reviews how the publication has witnessed, during the last twenty-five years, the advances and changes in research on Amerindian languages, cultures and literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the controversy over the creation of the Canarian Academy of Language. I adopt a glottopolitical perspective that considers institutional linguistic descriptions as interventions in the public space of language in order to maintain power and organize specific social orders. I examine the antecedents of the study of Atlantic Spanish and Spanish in the Canary Islands from the fifties to the nineties at the Universidad de La Laguna, and I observe a break in the language discourses that construct Canarian Spanish as a symbol of identity, a result of the dynamics of quasi–nationalism in the state of the autonomies. The need for the Canarian Academy of Language functioned as part of the rhetoric of the abandonment of the state and was established in terms of repairing a sociolinguistic trauma that would be solved with the action of philologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the formal and functional variation of the vocative in contemporary Spanish teenage talk. For this purpose, all vocative occurrences found in conversations between teenagers in the Corpus Oral de Madrid-2016 are analyzed. The vocative is known to be highly productive in Spanish teenage talk, on both formal and functional levels. First, we provide the inventory of vocative forms used by Madrilenian teenagers, examine their origin and describe their semantic-pragmatic features, with special attention for the nominal vocative expressions used as symbols of in-group identity. The second part disentangles the pragmatic-discursive functions assumed by these forms, by taking into account the vocative's multifunctionality. Teenagers tend to use vocatives as a phatic mechanism which allows them to control the contact with their interlocutor(s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the functions of the Spanish discourse marker ¿no? are described and a a comparative analysis with data from Mexico and Spain in two different discursive genres is carried out. To do so, the following corpora are analysed: Val.Es.Co. 2.0 and Ameresco-Monterrey conversation corpora and samples of the cities of Valencia, Madrid, Monterrey and Mexico City from the sociolinguistics interviews corpus PRESEEA. Results show that the functions of ¿no? can be split in two groups: those devoted to face management (request for affiliation, mitigation and boosting) and those related to information structure (response mobilisation and delimiting boundaries). The contrastive analysis shows that some differences in the distribution of the data can be ascribed to the genre or, in interviews, to the discursive role, whereas certain combinations of functions can be linked to dialect preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morocco's new social, political and economic context has propitiated the emergence of new linguistic practices in Moroccan Arabic (MA) in public and private spaces, and has thus given rise to a new sociolinguistic reality. This paper examines the use of MA in the Linguistic Landscape in Morocco from two perspectives, urban sociolinguistics and language policy in relation to the construction of space. For this purpose, the paper first discusses this new sociopolitical, economic and linguistic context in which the use of MA and its written modality emerged. It then outlines the theoretical and methodological framework used to analyse the corpus of data within what is known as Linguistic Landscape Studies. Thirdly, it analyzes a corpus of data comprising signs, posters, advertisements, billboards and other inscriptions using MA found in a specific space, the Hamriya neighborhood in the city of Meknes. Among the conclusions, these practices in MA are linked to the reconfiguration of the Moroccan sociolinguistic system and also to the transformations occurring in the construction of ethnolinguistic identities, both individual and collective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares results of two different sociophonetic analysis models: a continuous model and a categorical one. The sociophonetic variable investigated is the production of intervocalic /d/ in Madrid. In the continuous model, the weakening of /d/ was calculated by taking acoustic intensity measurements, in such a way that said analysis can accurately inform on the entire spectrum of possible productions of /d/ (i.e., from very occlusive to very weakened). In the categorical model, the weakening of /d/ was coded in a binary way (retention or total elision) so that this analysis only informs of the most extreme case of consonant weakening: elision. The same linguistic and extralinguistic independent variables were included in both statistical analyses. Although the results of both analyses show significant similarities regarding the effect of the independent variables, differences were also found. In addition to providing a sociophonetic characterization of the production of /d/ in Madrid, this article highlights some considerations that must be taken into account when examining sociophonetic phenomena with both continuous and categorical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to carry out a general review of the field of linguistic attitudes and, of its application in foreign languages teaching. It begins with a disciplinary placement of linguistic attitudes, taking into account the main authors and theoretical lines. Likewise, it inquires about their relationships with linguistic awareness, linguistic insecurity, stereotypes and prejudices. Then, the problem of defining linguistic attitudes and the characterization of their various components from different approaches is examined. Similarly, relationships between style, prestige and linguistic attitudes studies in the educational field are analyzed, and how formation of linguistic attitudes influences the teaching/learning processes of foreign languages. Finally, connections between linguistic attitudes, motivation, language acquisition and how these connections intervene in communicative competence and in the processes of communicative accommodation of the language speaker are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper are the conditions of use and discourse functions of nominal forms of address (NFA) in dialogical interactions. The corpus includes Cervantes's six Entremeses and two Novelas Ejemplares. In the first part, we analyse the sociopragmatic conditions for NFA selection. We highlight the relevance of adding a third variable, status, to the classic ones: power and distance, in order to adequately explain the selection of forms in both asymmetric or hierarchical relationships and symmetric ones in different social groups. This variable is associated to the acknowledgement of social identity and position, which lies at the foundation of social rganization of European modern societies. It also advocates for the convenience of including discursive factors such as genre constraints and interaction dynamical development. In the second part, we analyse the functioning of NFA at two discourse levels: conversational organization and turn management and rapport management and linguistic politeness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the personal style of the Count of Tendilla, captain-general of the kingdom of Granada, in his last collection of letters (1513- 1515). Specifically, the study focuses on an analysis of the changes in forms of address, depending on the image the Count wished to project of himself and the effect he wished to have on the recipient. The letters show two basic patterns in the forms of address: 1) etymological voseo -or use of "vos" as a second person singular pronoun; and 2) indirect forms of address (vuestra merced, vuestra señoría, vuestra alteza) in semantic and syntactic concordance, depending on the social value and emotional tone of the letter. The study unveils a widely varied repertory of grammatical and discourse strategies, such as the direct nature of vos, which makes it possible to bridge the gap between the interlocutors, the use of the vocative señor as a means of deference and attenuation, along with the use of indirect forms of address to acknowledge the noble status of the interlocutor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we discuss some useful concepts to explain the opposing and complementary relationship between languages that share a specific geosociocultural context. This dynamic relationship is known as linguistic and social interactions. This paper discuss the dynamic processes arising between the mapuzugun and Spanish language, and it also explores some sociolinguistic descriptions about the Mapuche language which are mostly narrow and focus on the asymmetric relationship between languages and the results of these relationships. In this context we propose a new in situ revision of the linguistic interaction to generate territorial diagnostics that consider interactive processes, dynamic and historical, dialectical and identitary concerns that both Spanish and Mapuzugun have in the communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a reflection on technology and on the conditions of a critique of technology in the contemporary horizon of the exhaustion of the humanistic paradigms from which that criticism was traditionally formulated. The argument states that the question about technique should be distinguished from the (instrumental) question about technical devices, i.e., it must break with the humanist assumption of the exteriority between technology and humanity. Once assumed this posthumanist scene, the paper analyzes different possible positions in that scene, ranging from anthropotechnical cynicism to radical post-identitarian experimentalism. Finally, the paper postulates that the making available of language (as transparency) and temporality (as speed) are the main parameters of contemporary capitalism of information. In response, the fundamental challenge of a radical posthumanism is to open an experience of language and of temporality outside any form of availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes descriptively and comparatively the numerals recorded in the two historically documented languages pertaining to the Huarpean linguistic family: Allentiac from the south of San Juan and Millcayac from the north of Mendoza. Both languages are known, mainly, through two treatises published in the early seventeenth century by a Jesuit missionary, Father Luis (or Luys) de Valdivia. The work is part of a personal research project on the morphosyntactic characteristics, semantics, typology, possible origins, diachronic evolution and probable diffusion phenomena in the numeral systems of the indigenous languages from the Southern Cone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a study about the process of convergency and divergency in the dialect contact. The pluralization of haber is very widespread in the Spanish of the Dominican Republic, but it is almost non-existent in Madrid. The analysis of these varieties is useful in order to observe and explain the process of international dialect contact. The importance of the study of non-variation within the linguistic of migration is point out. The results of the research highlight two main features: a) Madrilenian variety prestige does not influence some linguistic variables among Dominicans in Madrid; b) the perception and frequency of the variable impacts the process of convergence and divergence of the speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the maintenance and elision of the intervocalic /d/ phoneme in the Spanish spoken in the city of Seville. For this purpose, the study is based on PRESEEA materials from the high sociolect of Seville's citizens, which is made of semi-structured surveys recollected between 2009 and 2015. The aim of this paper is to analyze what linguistic and extralinguistic (social and stylistic) factors influence the phonological variation of the dental. The results have been obtained from the application of statistic correlations and regression analyses in order to study the influence of independient linguistic variables in the conservation or elision of intervocalic sound. Our research is completed with the description of the individual uses of the speakers in the general phonetic context and the -ado phonetic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a corpus of ego-documents from the 19th and 20th centuries, the paper offers the result of a variationist analysis to set the factors affecting the selection of forms article + que in relative clauses headed by preposition a with a human antecedent. The data show that, despite the remarkable vitality that still enjoys the traditional form in this context (the pronoun quien), several factors begin to favor the diffusion of the innovative variant in that seminal period. As usual in early stages of language change, the explanatory hierarchy begins with structural factors, among which are selected as significant those related with the antecedent (the distance between antecedent and pronoun, indeterminacy or definite determiner, semantic nature) and with the type of relative clause (non-defining). From the sociolectal point of view, the data show that there has been a change from below, especially in the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the sociolinguistic situation of an orthodox Mennonite community in southern Mexico. Particular sociolinguistic phenomena are observed within this community, the product of a long history of languages in contact whilst in relative isolation. Based on a historical and linguistic account, the definitions of diglossia and triglosia are examined; the sociolinguistic process of the community with respect to its two Germanic languages is documented and its importance regarding the study of the dynamics of languages in contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based upon an extensive revision of archival sources as well as of the Annual Reports (Memorias) of Chile’s Indian Protectorate (Protectorado de Indígenas), this paper proposes to study the mediators and socio-linguistic mediation practices employed by the institutions responsible for the settlement and relocation of the Mapuche people after their defeat under Chilean occupation forces (1894-1930). These institutions were the Protectorado –agency in charge of the legal defense of the Mapuche– and the Comisión de Radicación –which established the land to which a Mapuche family group could be entitled and drafted the entitlement (Título de Merced). The Protectorado had offices in five provinces south of the Biobío river (Arauco, Malleco, Cautín, Valdivia and Llanquihue), with a staff composed of interpreters, secretaries, engineers, assistants and the protectors themselves, usually lawyers. The Protectorado and the Comisión became the government’s judiciary agencies applying the Indian settlement laws and procedures to force the Mapuche population to live in a system akin to reservations (comunidades). They were thus the agencies closest to the indigenous needs and demands during this period. Three characters were key to socio-linguistic mediation required by these agencies: the formal interpreters, officially called “portero-intérprete” as they acted also as janitors, the informal “tinterillos” (pettifoggers) of Mapuche origin, and the “lenguaraces”, mediators of mixed origin, a version of the old frontier military interpreters. All of them had a role in the bureaucratic and judiciary processes administered by the State’s tutelary regime of occupation. We intend to show that the study of these institutions can shed some light into the practices of linguistic contact, translation, communication and mediation, bilingualism and the eventual imposition of Spanish as the dominant language during the difficult period in which the Mapuche society strove to preserve the rights to their lands confronting the Chilean and foreign colonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents glotopolitical reflections in relation to multilingualism and bilingualism in Colombia, as well as the characteristics of both sociolinguistic and glotopolitical approach. It also raises the need to implement in our country linguistic policy and planning based on glotopolitical criteria enabling equitable development of languages that are part of the social, cultural and everyday reality in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research article is to explain the identity features of the people from Boyaca, such as typical dress, dialect, regional products, and some customs, from a sociolinguistic analysis of the lyrics of the representative songs of Jorge Velosa. In this paper, the song "I am also Boyaco1" is taken as a specific case study. Initially, the relationship between language, culture, and identity is succinctly presented; later the generalities of carranguera music and its main exhibitor Jorge Velosa are exhibited; it concludes with a partial analysis of a sociophonetic, sociogrammatical, sociolexical and sociocultural type of the studied song. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Initially, some reflections are exposed in which the problem situation is contextualized and posed: psychosociolinguistic learning of orthography; later, the investigative experience of this paper authors is shared, in relation to the development of a pedagogical proposal to achieve the correct use of the accent mark in Spanish, with two groups of infants, of the same number of educational institutions, from two municipalities of Boyaca state, and, finally, linguistic, grammatical, sociolinguistic, psychosociolinguistic, lexical and contextual elements, among others, related to spelling are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The word creativity has a very recent history in the Spanish lexicon -1983 in the Manual Dictionary of theRAE. Although the word is attested since the early years of the twentieth century, the occurrences will be very low until the seventies. On the other hand, the definition refers to the verb create, which presents a complex etymology in Spanish.The aim of this paper is to examine the linguistic and social genealogy of the concept of creativity in Spanish. Special attention will be paid to the origins, the changes in the definitions and the current combinatorial of the word. It will be seen then that, in order for the word to emerge, society had to detach itself from numerous inertias, so the trajectory of the term serves as an example of the process of humanization and secularization of society and science since the 19th century. It shows, in short, the link between language and society through the analysis of a concept that has become a hallmark of 21st century society. In order to carry out the work, the corpus of the Academy, CORDE, CREA, CORPES XXI and the New Lexicographical Treasure of the Spanish language have been used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a particular kind of use of slurs in which the negative emotions typically associated with them (hatred, anger) are not present in the occurrence. Even so, these uses still resonate as incorrect or inadequate. This kind of "detached use" is not only an interesting, rarely mentioned phenomenon per se; it also offers some support to a novel approach to slurs based on the sociolinguistic notion of "register". This paper examines some types of detached uses, extracts some of their essential features and assesses the way the register-based approach to slurs can account for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to characterize WhatsApp's based on the linguistic attitudes and beliefs of participants of three conversational groups. This is a non-experimental, qualitative and exploratory study that was made from the interview of each group administrators, regarding their attitudes and beliefs about their communication on WhatsApp. From the results a list of WhatsApp characteristics is shown from the linguistic perspective, and a reflection is done on accepting this type of writing manifestation in the virtuality, i.e. on WhatsApp, since it is another testimony of the communicative capabilities and strategies of the human being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims the analysis of the intervocalic /d/ in the discourse of the Andalusian presidents of the Government and ministers in Madrid between 1923 and 2011. We are interested to observe if the Andalusian speakers of a high sociocultural stratum in the capital loss or maintain the intervocalic /d/, taking into account different linguistic variables that may influence it, and also contrasting the results with a series of social variables. Our objective is to obtain concrete data of the behaviour of this phenomenon when coming into contact with a more conservative variety of Spanish, but also more normative and prestigious. The results achieved reveal a convergence towards the national standard, with a great maintenance of the intervocalic /d/, turning out several factors, both linguistic and social, significant in the choice of one or another solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to provide a historical sojourn from the origin to the present-day state of the surviving Spanish-based creoles, namely, Papiamento, Palenquero and Chabacano, in order to offer a brief description of their main characteristics on the lexical, morphosyntactic and phonological levels. At the same time, taking into account the criteria outlined by the Unesco regarding the survival and extinction of languages, the article foresees the future of these Spanish-based creoles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to provide a historical sojourn from the origin to the present-day state of the surviving Spanish-based creoles, namely, Papiamento, Palenquero and Chabacano, in order to offer a brief description of their main characteristics on the lexical, morphosyntactic and phonological levels. At the same time, taking into account the criteria outlined by the Unesco regarding the survival and extinction of languages, the article foresees the future of these Spanish-based creoles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

is article provides some refiections stemming from the doctorate research project concerning the "ideologhemes on the formation processes for former combatants aer signing the Peace Agreement in Colombia". is article introduces the topics and study problems dealt with by the glottopolitics, particularly from the ideologhemes. Glottopolitics as a eld of knowledge linked to the sociolinguistics inquires into the linguistic practices legitimating, reproducing and transforming the social relationships and the power structures. is paper develops in three parts: a) the ideological representations of language; b) the political function of the language in dictionaries, grammar books and text manuals; and c) the linguistic policies: linguistic norms and regulations accounting for the growing interest in understanding both the language and the country language articulated with then politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among verbal (im)politeness phenomena, greetings are particularly important in institutional interactions, both from the point of view of their expression and their perception (Placencia 2001; Ferrer 2003; Rigatuso 2003 and 2015; Sánchez Lanza 2003; Murillo Medrano 2004). In this paper, which is part of a broader research on expression and perception of (im)politeness in customer service encounters in health and educational institutions in a city in the linguistic area of the Buenos Aires Spanish variety, we propose to analyze the dynamics of greetings in interactions between employees and users in educational institutions, specifically considering the opening and closing instances of the communicative event. Greetings, as speech acts, are emphasized by the users as fundamental for the expression of politeness in these contexts. We attend in particular to the presence/absence of greetings, the schemes in which they are inserted, the formulas used, who formulates them and how they contribute to the expression of politeness in the institutional discourse. Our theoretical and methodological approach is based on Interactional Sociolinguistics (Gumperz 1982 and 2001; Tannen 1985, 1996 and 2004), with contributions from Ethnography of communication (Gumperz and Hymes 1972), Goffman's Microsociology (1967) and Discourse analysis (Drew and Sorjonen 2000). For the study of politeness phenomena, we follow leading researchers in Sociocultural Pragmatics (Bravo 1999; Bravo and Briz 2004; Kaul 2008 and 2010). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, a number of studies within Conversation Analysis have focused on epistemic primacy in interaction. The studies interpret information transfer as a matter of territory. This paper focuses on the analysis of assertion-agreement sequences in conversations and interviews in order to show that the use of mitigation and intensification strategies can be related to the interpretation of the situation, in terms of epistemic positioning, by the speakers. It is argued that there are cases of epistemic congruence -where speakers agree on their interpretation of the situation- and cases of incongruence -where speakers do not agree and, therefore, there is negotiation of the terms of agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the results of a contrastive analysis of the instances of attenuation occurring in a set of Argentine and Spanish colloquial conversations. Attenuation -understood as a pragmatic phenomenon reducing the illocutionary force of communicative acts, which involves face and the speakers' responsibilities for their messages (Caffi 1999, 2007; Thaler; Albelda 2016)- has been studied to a significant extent in the Spanish language, beginning in the 1990s, from the perspective of politeness studies (Haverkate; Briz 1995, 2007), pragmatics (Schneider) and sociolinguistics (Samper Hernández; Cestero). However, studies concentrating on the comparison between its diatopic varieties are scarce (Briz 2007; Albelda 2008). This study quantitatively and qualitatively analyses the attenuation resources utilized in colloquial conversations between speakers aged 20-34 at the higher and middle social strata in the cities of Tucumán (Argentina) and Valencia (Spain). The analysis was based on a methodological data sheet (Albelda/ others) with the aim of finding the main similarities and differences between both diatopic varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article is the result of an analysis of the mexicanisms present in the Mexican movie ¿Qué culpa tiene el niño? (A nine-month hangover). The purpose of this paper is to analyze, from the sociolinguistic perspective, the choices made by translators to perform the translation of mexicanisms, to observe if translators take into consideration the socio-linguistic-cultural influences of translation theory and practice. Also, the study aims at observing if translators follow the technical subtitling standards, as demonstrated in the options made during the translation process. The data collected allowed us to conclude that, at the moment of the translation of mexicanisms into Portuguese, the translator/subtitle translator does not always consider the socio-linguistic-cultural influences of the theory and practice of translation, that is, they do not translate the cultural references present in the original movie audio into the language of the viewer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of style within the variationist tradition of Sociolinguistics has been ancillary until very recently despite this centrality in sociolinguistic variation: it has been merely used as an independent variable (extralinguistic parameter) in the correlation of linguistic and extralinguistic variables, rather than as a sociolinguistic resource where to investigate speakers' style management, its effective use, and how style reflects and transmits social meaning -which is both social and linguistic. The variability present within a given speech community is not just a matter of socio-demographic differences among speakers as reflected on their speech (inter-speaker variation), but also -and crucially-different speech styles based on situational contexts, audienceship and/or the image intended to project. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical overview of the main different theoretical approaches developed of stylistic variation in Sociolinguistics: Audio-monitorisation, Audience Design, Script Design, Functional Register and Speaker Design models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I study the sociolinguistic representations in press articles, conferences and discourses of the Uruguayan writer Juan Zorrilla de San Martín (1855-1931), a prominent intellectual of the generation of 80 in Uruguay and cultural referent of the nationality, written in the State construction period in the late Nineteenth century. In his speeches he was concerned to create a national character that would differentiate Uruguay from Spain and the rest of the Spanish-American countries, but without losing the ties and the Hispanic identity. In particular I study two nationalist representations that appear in their speeches with the denominations Hispanic nation and Atlantic subtropical nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely accepted that in oral exchanges with, for example, family members, friends, and co-workers, speakers of Chilean Spanish alternate between verbal tuteo and verbal voseo. In this paper, drawing on a corpus of conversational interactions between relatives and friends from Santiago, I examine the relative frequency with which these speakers use verbal voseo in relation to verbal tuteo, and I explore the social and linguistic factors that determine the variation, paying particular attention to the parameters that affect the use of verbal voseo. In addition, I compare the distributions observed here with those observed in previous studies that base their analyses on corpora that contain less natural communicative contexts. The results indicate that, in spontaneous conversational interactions, the speakers use verbal voseo with a frequency much greater than the frequency with which they use verbal tuteo as well as the frequencies observed in previous studies. This, and the fact that verbal voseo is conditioned by an interaction between the gender and the age of the speakers, as well as by the specificity of their interlocutors, shows that speakers of Chilean Spanish born in Santiago assign covert prestige to verbal voseo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of purity in language has been a common topic in the fields of language ideological debates in the Spanish-speaking world. In this paper, we propose an analysis of the various conceptualizations on linguistic correctness in the work of Ricardo Monner Sans in order to elucidate the links between his linguistic theory and his position on language policy. In that sense, we assume that these conceptualizations should be analyzed as a consequence of a more general consideration about linguistic usage and purity. This consideration seeks a regulatory intervention on the linguistic practices of society based on philological knowledge. Thus, the dimension of usage is divided into a common usage which corresponds to the widespread use in community, and correct usage, that which has been legislated by philological knowledge and which is, for this reason, the criteria for linguistic correction on which the ideal of a homogeneous linguistic community is based. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a long tradition of semantic studies regarding the concept of lexical meaning that reflects the importance of sociocultural factors for its description. Some examples are the study of synonymy, some remarks in dictionaries and the typology of linguistic variation. This paper investigates lexical variants from a sociolinguistic point of view in socially stratified samples. The statistical analysis of the data obtained up to now confirms the relevance of sociolinguistic variables such as the degree of (in) formality, the hearer, the topic of the conversation, the situation where communication takes place, and options offered by the lexicon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of the non-deictic second person singular uses in Chilean Spanish is presented in this paper. The dataset is made of semi-spontaneous speech, specifically, sociolinguistic inter-views, from which an exploratory corpus was extracted. In this context, the main goal of the research is to analyse the non-deictic 2nd person singular uses according to stylistic aspects through a new proposal of discourse-pragmatic categories which are related with linguistic and extralinguistic variables. Specifically, four categories are distinguished: a) generalization, b) focused generalization, c) inclusive defocalization and d) self-disguising. This classification is then correlated with the factors of forms of address and sex. Results regarding the sociolinguistic and morphosyntactic variables demonstrate that men present higher frequencies of use of the non-deictic strategies, specifically with voseo verb forms, while women tend to employ this device with tuteo. As for the categories, non-deictic usage is especially high through generalization and focused generalization, as strategies associated with a potential effect of empathy towards the interlocutor, especially in those cases where voseo is employed. In this sense, each of the categories proposed represents a specific discourse-pragmatic strategy at a stylistic variation level, which is regarded not only by the degree of formality, but also as a linguistic choice within the speakers' repertoire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within a sociolinguistic framework, in this paper, we describe the use of dequeísmo (use of 'de que' instead of 'que') in the utterances of Spanish speakers living in Santiago de Chile. A stratified sample of 120 interviews with people residing in Santiago was utilized for the analysis. The study intended to 1) identify the internal variables that prompted the use of dequeísmo and 2) correlate those variables with sociodemographic of the speakers (gender age and socioeconomic status). The results suggest that the contexts that foster the use of dequeísmo frequently allowed for the replacement of other de prepositions and appositive structures, although most cases occurred in clauses with functions of direct object and subject. Additionally, in the sample, the use of dequeísmo was frequently coincided in the speeches of male and older speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]