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This paper examines the Paris Opera designed by Garnier, focusing specifically on those parts of the building that form the backdrop described by Leroux in "The Phantom of the Opera". These elements have also served as inspiration for various subsequent film adaptations. The study delves into Garnier's theories on theater/opera architecture and Leroux's literary creation, contrasting them with film adaptations of Leroux's work. These adaptations demonstrate the close relationship between literature, cinema, and architecture, generally adhering to the principles of the French architect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medieval labor guilds encompassed various forms of mutual aid in their coverage, including health, accident, widowhood, orphanage, old age, and poverty insurance. They also addressed situations typical of commercial insurance, such as bankruptcy, theft, assault, and captivity. These provisions included private and family actions (like organizing burials and funerals) and maintained a pious character through charitable and benevolent activities. Not all guilds offered the same level of protection; thus, this paper will examine exceptional cases where labor formations guaranteed their members a high degree of mutualistic commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to define and critically examine the concept of touristification and its socio-economic and territorial implications, particularly focusing on the Costa del Sol (Málaga, Spain). It employs the method of systematic literature review. The paper concludes that touristification is a product of the prevailing capitalist logics, of which hegemonic tourism is a further expression. Thus, contemporary tourism becomes a channel for the accumulation and reproduction of capital, entailing a process of dispossession, gentrification, and the transformation of geographic spaces to the benefit of these capitalist logics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into the spread of gas in Latin Europe shortly before the First World War. It utilizes the "Annuaire général de l'industrie de l'éclairage et du chauffage par le gaz" from the year 1910 as its primary source, which provides details on the locations in various European countries, including those that make up Latin Europe (France, Spain, Italy, and Portugal), that had access to gas. The study examines regional contrasts in the network's expansion, categorizing the localities with gas access by population size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, addressing mental health and the dimensions that contribute to its improvement in the general population has been a topic of special interest. This interest has been less in relation to people in situations of homelessness. This paper analyses the role of social support and social relationships in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the homeless people in the Community of Madrid. The research follows a mixed methodology (questionnaire survey; n=641 and semi-structured in-depth interview; n=18). The results show the high psychological deterioration, the low levels of social support and the relational precariousness of the homeless people. Isolation and deterioration are structured by residential situation, origin, age, and gender. Furthermore, it is found that, as the levels of social support increase, the probability of psychological deterioration decreases. Similarly, after the pandemic, worsening relationships with children are associated with poorer levels of mental health. These findings confirm that relational aspects are key elements in improving the psychological wellbeing of homeless people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the life of the mine master Juan de Buendía who went to Peru in 1609 to implement the mining techniques of the Almadén mine in the mercury mining of Huancavelica. The contributions that he made are also discussed, especially in timber framing, which made it possible to improve the safety and exploitation of the mine to levels never seen before.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis is a chronic disease of the female genital tract, the etiology of which is still unclear. The purpose of this paper is to analyze, from a biopsychosocial perspective, the structure of social representations of endometriosis of women with this disease and healthy women. To this end, an exploratory survey was conducted by administering an online questionnaire. The results made it possible to identify those particular type of social representations, the controversies, articulated differently and often contradictory in their peripheral elements. These results provide a useful basis for the construction of intervention strategies to avoid the "epistemological purgatory" in which many women are forced to live due to the discrepancy between the subjective experience of endometriosis and its expert knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This paper aims to study the gendered representations of robots, cyborgs, ginoids, clones, holograms, and female artificial intelligences in science fiction film. It is hypothesized that the sexist stereotypes widely studied in female film characters are perpetuated in female artificial creations in science fiction film. Methodology: A sample of 83 characters was taken from the IMdB database. After their classification, we proceeded to carry out a qualitative analysis on representation, gender roles and stereotypes of the characters. Results: The results obtained confirm that the science fiction genre is intensely masculinized and vertical occupational segregation is the dominant note. In addition, gender roles and stereotypes that are common in other film genres are also replicated in science fiction. Discussion: The representations do not manage to get rid of sexist precepts that are maintained over time as a result of the persistence of a male gaze. Conclusions: This study confirms the need to establish tools that allow women to access a highly masculinized cultural industry as well as the need to carry out a representation of female fictional characters far from the gender stereotypes traditionally associated with women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The notion of objectivity is the cornerstone of the liberal model of journalism. Following that scheme, one of the aims of news stories is to foster citizens’ understanding of the world they live in, but this can only be achieved through journalists’ vision. In that sense, the aim of this article is to analyze the level of interpretation and contextualization that Mexican journalists deliver when they report on organized crime. Methodology: In doing so, this paper draws on 24 in-depth interviews with news workers who cover this beat across the country. Results and discussion: The findings suggest that journalists do interpret and contextualize the information. This is because they are interested in helping their audiences to better understand this highly complex phenomenon. Although most of the informants said that they separate facts from opinion, they constantly interpret the information by relying upon their amplified subjectivity; which represents the main contribution of this inquiry. Conclusions: The main conclusions suggest that criminals’ pressure constrains reporters’ freedom to interpret the information they publish. Therefore, despite journalists’ efforts, the average Mexican news consumer cannot fully understand the organized crime phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The purpose of journalistic style guides is to provide media practitioners with guidance on language to convey a neutral and objective presentation of information. This paper investigates thematic style guides published with a focus on Palestine and analyzes how these style guides construct media bias. Literature Review: In the literature reviewed a structural media bias against Palestinians that favors Israeli narratives is documented in research as an integral part of anglophone mainstream media through the reproduction of Orientalism, Zionist narratives, and anti-Palestinian racism. Methodology: A comparative content analysis was conducted on four thematic style guides, sampling common terms through a grounded theory approach. Results:The results show similarities and differences in the style guides’ definitions, sourcing, and explanations of key terms related to Palestine and its historical, legal, and geographic contexts. Discussion: The style guides notably differ in their content with some perpetuating anti-Palestinian bias in various implicit and explicit ways, such as Nakba denial, questioning Palestinian history, and reproducing Israeli sources and narratives. Conclusions: Our analysis concludes that anti-Palestinian bias and racism are an integral part of some anglophone newsroom policies and practices as implemented in style and editorial guidelines. Thematic style guides on Palestine thus can further perpetuate colonial conquest and anti-indigenous violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This paper analyzes the perceptions of communities in depopulated territories and of a group of journalists regarding local media and identifies which journalistic functions and roles they consider most valuable. The findings are an opportunity to reflect on the connection between media deserts, community expectations about journalism and the future of local media in the context of a potential media reform. Methodology: Five focus groups have been conducted: four of them held in two towns located in the province of Cuenca, Ledaña (1,563 inhabitants) and Priego (885 inhabitants) and a fifth focus group was held online with journalists and professionals selected for their specialization in depopulated territories and rural areas. Results: The analysis shows that professionals and citizens are committed to “militant journalism” when working in depopulated areas; they value an attentive and caring approach to communities, constructive criticism, the generation of interaction networks and depth when addressing their problems. Three roles are identified for media: instrumental, recognition and mediation. Discussion and conclusions: In the current context there is a space of opportunity to explore formulas that incorporate the media as strategic actors in public policies facing the demographic challenge, at the same time this opportunity could catalyze the implementation of some media reform proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies characteristics of territories in socio-environmental conflict and the environmental movements that arise from these, for the defense of the territory and natural assets, from an ecofeminist perspective. The methodology used is participant observation enriched with semi-structured interviews and the ethnographic method, based on the social reproduction of the female subject and her participation in environmental groups in Jalisco. The contribution lies in the practices carried out by the groups, as an alternative to the extractivist development model, analyzed from dimension a) socio-environmental, where local communities converge with the environment with a view to sustainability, in addition a reflection is made from b) the territory and the exchange of resources from rural areas to urban areas that are also the cause of conflicts due to the hoarding of natural assets, finally c) the emergence of the Un Salto de Vida collective, in defense of the territory and the natural goods from ecofeminism, as a powerful movement that links environmentalism and feminism with a strong presence of women leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify the necessary or sufficient conditions that promote the installed photovoltaic (pv) capacity in Mexico. To do this, different configurations of conditions are identified, which can lead to the same desired case, through the comparative qualitative analysis of complex cases. The analysis suggests that, to boost the installed pv capacity, a long-term planning of the Mexican pv industry should be carried out. The starting point of such a plan should consists of the following five necessary conditions: a) tax credit for investment or production; b) feed in tariff & feed in premium; c) development of intellectual, technical and professional capital; d) the promotion of research and development of pv technology, and e) to include installed pv capacity in smart grids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a model of performative analysis on the main episodes that have stimulated the presence in public opinion of the disappearance of the 43 students of Ayotzinapa in the state of Guerrero, Mexico. From the perspective of the civil sphere theory and cultural Pragmatics, we discuss the predominant analytical perspectives to interpret the symbolic construction of Ayotzinapa, while offering an analytical perspective that allows us to understand the way in which this event has been configured as a social trauma subject to deep normative disputes and as a moral performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its geophysical characteristics and location in a tropical zone, Colombia is prone to flooding phenomena, which, in addition to the vulnerability of the road network and the permanent presence of the population residing close to the roads, increase the social and economic fragility of the road corridors. This situation is evident when traffic collapses due to flooding, as the country mobilizes most of its goods by land. The knowledge and systematization of the social and economic conditions of the national road layout, and the incorporation of these data into a replicable spatial model, could be an alternative for making decisions aimed at risk prevention. This paper presents the conceptual and methodological design of a proposal of the socioeconomic factors required in a road flood risk assessment using spatial analysis tools in the pilot section Route 6008 Chiquinquirá-Sáchica (36 km). A global index of socioeconomic aspects related to vulnerability is quantified at three levels: local, zonal and regional. The main result is that the road corridor presents a medium-high level of vulnerability, due to the aspects of exposure and fragility in housing and livelihood conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Maestrazgo and the Sierra de Gúdar in Teruel are made up of a great diversity of ecosystems, among which, in addition to the riparian forest and the aquatic ecosystems on which this study focuses, the forest ecosystems spread over several bioclimatic floors particularly stand out. The objective of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, it seeks to evaluate the state of conservation of one of the territories with the greatest natural wealth in southern Aragon, namely the fluvial ecosystem of the Guadalope River in its upper section, and on the other hand, it proposes a protection framework with greater legal imperative such as that pertaining to natural parks, which this province does not currently have. To do this, the methodology will be based on the consultation of the few specialized bibliographies on this study area, and on the other hand, it will determine the quality of fluvial habitats based on the construction of two indicators: the QBR on quality of the riparian forest and the IHF on fluvial habitats. The results show that despite the fact that this territory does not currently have any environmental protection framework other than three natural monuments, a ZEPA and a ZEC, it has enough values to be declared a natural park, which would be the first in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main problems faced by authorities when delimiting flood areas is derived from the fact that hydraulic-hydrological models and their flood maps do not accurately correspond to the actual extent of the floods and hazards, often underestimating them. In order to assess this hypothesis, this paper analyses the recent flood in Campanillas (Málaga, Spain). The study compares the differences between the official flood maps and the real flood. The results of this study clearly confirm the aforementioned underestimation. Beyond a simple comparison, a series of potential causes of this underestimation are proposed. Some of them are related to the hydraulic-hydrological model used to create the official maps (e.g., it represents a closed area, it omits indirect anthropogenic activities, it omits flood flux alterations caused by roads, bridges, etc.). Additionally, other causes are related to the characteristics of the flood hazard in Mediterranean areas (e.g., simultaneous and synergic associated hazards and the omission of rhexistasy in Mediterranean areas when modelling water infrastructures). To conclude, based on the causes of the highlighted inaccuracy of the official maps, several measures aimed at improving the forecasts in flood areas in these official maps are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current transformations of the music industry continue a previous process, added to the changes brought about by digitalization, audiovisual convergence, and transmedia logic. A systemic approach is necessary to locate the new conditions of musical remediation and appropriation of music by the media industry and to inquire into the turn toward the visual of the music industry, which some authors have found in recent years. The period of lockdown due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) deepened a series of dynamics that combine the production and distribution of popular music with other sectors of the music industry. On the one hand, the video clip has become a multifaceted instrument after YouTube, which has made it possible to monetize music listening. Its forms of expansion colonize platforms, and its format and aesthetic model expand in duration in the visual album or are cloned for application to various microformats. Thanks to platformization, it acts not only as a promotional format but also as a listening medium. On the other hand, live music is a relevant diffusion field in popular music. In its retransmitted version, livestreaming of concerts consolidates another formula of innovation tending toward personalization. The paper's objectives involve reflecting on the logic of global modification of the creation and consumption of musical content in the current transmedia context and analyzing the dynamics of interaction between agents, considering the digitalization and platformization of musical content. The conclusions trace the possibilities of monetization and personalization of the experience of popular music and reflect on how the production conditions of creative agents in the current music industry and musical reception change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to analyze an episode in the life of Ignatian cult objects that had been used to house churches and schools of the order in the River Plate territory. Our protagonists will be images and objects of worship that once had a special significance due to their centrality in composing the liturgy and their proximity to the sacred. Despite their heterogeneity, all these objects, made of rich metals, had formed a River Plate Jesuitical material culture that had exalted the identity of the order. From a perspective focused on material culture, we will analyze how, once the process of managing temporalities began, these objects traveled an unsuspected path that altered their biographies, their symbolic meanings, and their valuations as sacred goods. From then on, desacralized and defunctionalized, these pieces went through processes of embargoes, commodification and disputes over their possession until their subsequent disappearance. Recomposing these paths will allow us to demonstrate the importance that these objects had in composing worship and liturgy followed by historical processes that led to one of the largest looting and diasporas of artistic heritage in the 18th century within the framework of its growing desecration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the experiences of participation in the strike carried out by students of Unit 071 of the National Pedagogical University of Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico. From a reflective approach, the historical memory of the process is recovered from documentary analysis, records of assemblies and marches, as well interviews with students and leaders of the movement. The information was grouped into two blocks: From the pandemic to the student strike. Subjectivation and existential plot; in which the vicissitudes of organization and actions carried out are exposed; and, The word must be worth, which discusses the network of actions, synergies, meetings and disagreements between students to undertake negotiations with educational and governmental authorities. The confluence of other social movements, the mobilization and taking of the streets, contributed to the strike's resolution, which inaugurated an unprecedented experience of struggle and resistance for these students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I will compare the philosophical notions of "active love" and "charity" present in the works The Brothers Karamazov (1879-1880) by Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881) and El Cristo de Espaldas (Backwards Christ; 1952) by Eduardo Caballero Calderón (1910-1993). I will analyze both perspectives within the historical context of their respective periods, as well as within their own narrative structures. I also consider them as personal expressions of metaphysical-social visions whose roots can be found in the religious and philosophical works of authors as Vladimir Solovyov, in the case of Dostoevsky, and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, in the case of Caballero Calderón. The main goal is to demonstrate how both positions provide an ethical and collective proposal against the selfishness and violence of the world, through an approach that intermingles a permanent social action and a spiritual metamorphosis. Two visions that, I trust, continue to have relevance for the contemporary reader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the correlations between literature and secularization in Spanish American Modernism, in this paper I aim to identify the main ways in which Clemente Palma questions traditional morality in Cuentos Malévolos. By analyzing first some paratexts of the book, four main ways are identified for the revision of that morality, a rereading that is explained from the positivist and Nietzschean parameters that Palma takes as a reference. At the same time, and as a counterpoint, an attempt is made to discover some of the contradictions of this revision, which are due to both the limitations of Palma's own ideological framework and to the demands of the secularization discourse itself, which always needs the sacred to define itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the grammaticalization of future and conditional tenses in Navarro-Aragonese and Medieval Castilian during the 13th and 14th centuries. It examines the variation between synthetic verb forms with postposed object pronouns and analytic forms with mesoclitic pronouns, and shows that Navarro-Aragonese has a higher frequency of use of synthetic forms. It is concluded that the advancement of this change may have started in the northern Pyrenees and then spread through language and dialect contact in the Iberian Peninsula. [Extracted from the article]

This paper investigates whether stress, possibly aggravated by the Covid-19 pandemic, is a problem that affects the quality of life of the Spanish rural population. It is a subject that has been little dealt with in Spain, where there is a tendency to associate life in rural areas with peace and quiet, as opposed to presumed stressful living in urban areas. The aim is to study the situation in four rural populations of Galicia and Castilla y León, with special attention to owners and workers of livestock farms, using semi-structured interviews conducted between April and July, 2022. The results show the presence of stress among entrepreneurs and farm workers, mainly related to economic difficulties, as well as a deterioration of their relationship with workers in the service sector. This approach to rural stress concludes by identifying different forms of stress that affect the rural population and disturb the idyllic image of these territories, which has traditionally made these territories attractive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on analyzing the gender differences and inequalities that occur in decision-making about the distribution of domestic work in a couple's relationship. The objective is to examine the different ways that couples make decisions, and the relationship that this has to the distribution of tasks. Methodologically, quantitative techniques using frequency analysis are applied to a subsample of the Andalusian population obtained via the Spanish General Social Survey (3201 of 2018). The results show that gender inequality is more pronounced among couples in which decision-making about household distribution of tasks occurs implicitly. The main findings of the study show that couples who talk about sharing and come to an agreement have the highest percentages of domestic co-responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has two objectives: to analyse the mode of quantification of the prefixes, and to explain why only indefinite prefixes and universal ones can be degree modifiers. These prefixes can quantify the number of entities the base expresses (multitarea 'multi-task'), the argument of the base (multiadicción 'multi-addiction'), or the number of times a reality or condition takes place (bicampeón 'bi-champion'). Furthermore, indefinite prefixes and universal ones constitute scales, understood as gradable series with opposite poles, which makes them to function as degree modifiers (pluripoblado 'pluri-populated, very populated', omniconocido 'omni-known, well-known'). On the contrary, numeral prefixes establish ranks or non-gradable and unbounded series, a fact that disqualifies them as degree modifiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El caballero de Erlaiz is one of the novels by Pío Baroja that have been most neglected. Written after his return from exile in Paris during the Spanish war, it contains an embarrassing incursion in the 18th century and the War of the Pyrenees, that is, in events more distant than the ones he had usually written about in trilogies like La selva oscura, pieces such as Zalacaín el aventurero or the series Memorias de un hombre de acción, which deal with the 19th and the 20th centuries. In this paper I suggest that below this journey in History Baroja was not only praising the spirit of the Enlightenment but also developing a criticism of the present, through a reconsideration of History and the genre of historical novel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article establishes the need to develop new University disciplines to increase the creativity based on critical experiences (personal and literary). A definition for «the writer's voice» is proposed. The writer's voice comprehends selfknowledge, a way of perceiving reality and the arts, and, at the same time, it is the creative writing's driving force. The second part of the paper consists of a description of the Creative Writing Master at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, through several examples of literary exercises and teaching methods to stimulate and strengthen each student's voice. This proposal finds itself integrated into the renovation of teaching Humanities in the middle of the so-called Artificial Intelligence era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to analyse the methodology proposed by Friedrich Nietzsche and Michel Foucault to study ancient spirituality and its inheritance in modern and contemporary culture. This methodology, according to the hypothesis explored in the paper, attributes a key role to philology or the art of reading well, which leads them both to elaborate a critical and retroactive hermeneutics, especially fruitful when it comes to understanding the different emergences of spirituality in the history of Western culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes and explains the transformations in Biblical interpretation since the mid-20th century by means of the Habermasian category of the Post-secular. After proposing a possible definition of post-secular readings as distinct from both the religious and the secular ones, the article substantiates the claim that a Postsecular hermeneutics avant la lettre preceded not only Habermas's elaboration of that concept but also the reawakening of religious phenomena in current multicultural societies in a global context. In order to spell out these early instances of a Postsecular spirit, the Biblical studies by three relevant contemporary authors have been selected: scholar Luis Alonso Schökel; literary critic and theorist Harold Bloom, and philosopher Paul Ricoeur. The results of my analysis hint to the conclusion that some practitioners of this Post-secular hermeneutics were aware of being at the start of something new. In Paul Ricoeur's case, this leads to the development of a new concept, post-criticism, synonymous and forerunner to the current Habermasian concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to develop a benchmark method to identify best practices in higher education across the country, in relation with management practices of academic productivity gender gaps and their impact on family responsibilities. This paper uses a qualitative approach to collect relevant information from official web pages from sixteen international universities previously selected. All information related to best practices policies implemented in each university was charted and assigned to one of the following categories for further analysis: ranking, gender policies, gender gaps, academic productivity, and childcare responsibilities. Results from this study revealed that the main best practices implemented in the included universities were practices related to harassment prevention, gender equality at college admission, development of protocols, leadership training, scholarships for study and research programs, adequate infrastructure, childcare financial support, flexible work schedules, family leave policies, improvement of the work environment and the development of departments in charge of follow-up and regular assessment of the proposed strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the final decades of the 20th century, territorial political economy was influenced by both urban and regional economy. The first called attention to the "triumph of the cities" and the second to the importance of consolidating "a new regionalism." Over the course of the 21st century, on the other hand, urban and regional economies have been conceptually articulated as a result of the "metropolitan revolution." The central objective of this article is to reflect on the characteristics of this process, the possible impacts and the great challenges. To conclude, this paper suggests that regional cohesion is determined by a functional polycentric territorial structure, a productive and sustainable economy and a multilevel and multi-scale governance model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen as an energy vector can provide energy in applications from low to large scale and contributes to the promotion of renewable energies as low-carbon emission alternatives. This paper presents a literature review on hybrid green hydrogen systems. It was found that 23% of the articles review different methodologies and comparisons of hydrogen technologies, 15% present technical, economic and environmental analyses of hydrogen-based systems and projects. Fifty-three percent of the reviewed articles focus on artificial intelligence methodologies and use of commercial software for sizing, energy management and optimization of these models on hybrid renewable energy systems with a high focus on off-grid systems. The potential for simulation models to be developed on this topic is quite large because of the decarbonization brought by hydrogen. The models should consider additional aspects of the entire hydrogen value chain to have a complete vision of its development in Colombia, taking into account the development opportunities in the framework of different energy scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the centuries, the populations of human beings settled in the surroundings of water tributaries have indiscriminately disposed of their waste, throwing it into rivers, lakes, oceans, and surrounding land. When the amounts of waste, mostly biodegradable, are low, the environmental consequences and the health of biotic communities are minimal. However, the mass manufacture and disposal of non- biodegradable synthetic materials since the mid-20th century has had profound biological and environmental effects. Plastics are the most significant example of these ubiquitous synthetic materials, usually single-use, non-biodegradable and with high amounts of toxic chemical additives. Due to the high stability and resistance of plastic, it is impossible to quickly bind it in processes that allow its degradation and decomposition; for this reason, they have become half of the waste that exists on the planet today. The drift of these materials leads them, under ambient conditions, to gradually fragment into particles reaching the scales of micrometers and nanometers. These particles have been categorized as incidental contaminants: micro and nanoplastics. Today, the world is witnessing the nanotechnology boom and more and more industries are interested in the use of this emerging technology; They intentionally produce micro and nanoplastics to be incorporated into cosmetic products, textile fibers, among many other purposes. The contamination of these plastic particles of imperceptible dimensions, reaches food for human consumption through persistence in ecosystems and bioaccumulation, through different routes of exposure, mainly through ingestion in the different chains that make up the global trophic web, in addition, of the migration of the material used for the storage, preservation and packaging of food. When ingested, nanoplastics and some microplastics cross physical epithelial barriers and are distributed throughout the body, entering practically all body tissues, altering their function and increasing the disease burden of biotic communities, including humans. As they are considered inert and heterogeneous materials, their identification and recovery are complex, in addition to not being completely effective. This paper seeks to review information that allows evaluating the impact of nanoplastics present in food, highlighting the toxic effects that these materials have for human health through bioaccumulation and biomagnification in food chains at the subcellular biomolecular level and, on the other hand, describe recovery techniques for nanoplastics to reduce their presence in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important part of the structural design process is to decrease the effect of vibration in buildings, particularly those that may be subject to seismic excitation. Although research in the field of structural control has been made since the early 1900s, the complexity and dimensions of civil structures make this problem particularly difficult to solve due to the high demand for control effort and many other associated limitations. This paper analyzes the performance of a novel passive control system that can be used for vibration control in civil structures subjected to base excitation. This control device is called Tuned Inerter Damper (TID), which overcomes the limitation of classic passive devices that are efficient in a narrow frequency band for which they are tuned, a situation that is inconvenient since earthquakes exhibit a very diverse frequency content on most occasions. Besides, this study employs a metaheuristic optimization approach based on the differential evolution method (DE) combined with an elastic time-history dynamic analysis, through which the vibration control focuses on two individual objectives: first, minimizing the maximum horizontal displacement; and second, minimizing the root mean square (RMS) response of displacements. A 12-story building equipped with a novel arrangement of the TID, and subjected to multiple seismic excitations is studied to verify the effectiveness of the device. The results show a significant enhancement in the dynamic response when the arrangement presented in this work is used, and considerably better than an equivalent TMD. Therefore, TID represents a potentially attractive alternative to traditional passive control techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neoclassical economics has established itself as the discipline of rational choice. Consequently, under methodological individualism and in the context of consumption, an agent's choice is based on the ordering of preferences determined exogenously, disregarding any emotional, biological influences, or factors from socio-economic dynamics. Therefore, this paper aims to present an alternative framework for the decision-making of economic individuals at a theoretical and formal-mathematical level, grounded in the principles of evolutionary economics and complex adaptive systems. It is argued that the process of making choices in consumption is inherent to social dynamics. From an individual-holistic perspective, the mechanism motivating action can be characterized as an evolutionary algorithm that integrates biological, historical, cultural, social class, and market competition influences as endogenous elements in determining choice and consumption behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: This paper aims to analyze the vast, varied and lasting presence of the little-known revolutionary rhetoric exploited by Francisco Franco throughout the dictatorship in Spain. To this end, this rhetoric is connected with the different contexts in which it was used and with the terminology employed in those same years by thinkers or politicians linked above all to the Falange. Methodology: As this article is interested in the public discourse of Franco's regime, it has examined in detail and qualitatively the content of Franco's public speeches. For this purpose, we have resorted to the official compilations made under Franco's regime and, because of their selective and incomplete nature, also to newspaper sources. Thus, more than a history of intellectual or political ideas, this work is linked to their public and pragmatic dimension and delves into the complex practical functioning of ideologies. Originality: With few exceptions, Franco's rhetoric has not been studied in detail, and even less in the revolutionary rhetoric. The originality of this study lies in the fact that it is the first specific and analytical approach, although not quantitative, to Franco's revolutionary rhetoric. For example, it explains its unknown survival until the 1960s and even the 1970s, so that it outlived the so-called defalangization of Francoism. Conclusions: Franco's revolutionary rhetoric was characterized by great flexibility and imprecision. It underwent many changes over the years and coexisted with other central discursive frameworks, such as the Cruzada's. It was a crucial factor in the discursive legitimization of Francoism, especially in its initial years. Compared to the Cruzada, with which it complemented, it stood out for its elasticity and pretended transversality. In addition, it was connected with a legitimacy of exercise, not of origin, which was, in fact, more easily connected with the present and the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: This paper studies the first Chilean school newspapers led by women and the role of high school students as mediators of scientific knowledge at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th. The analysis is part of the expansion and modernization of the press and publishing industry, as well as the in$uence of positivism and the educational reforms that were implemented in Chile during that period, a context in which the ruling class considered scientific knowledge, both its development and access to it by the population, as a priority. Methodology: The article is based on the studies of historians of science who have understood audiences as active agents in generating new knowledge, problematizing categories such as expert, amateur and layman, and examining the types of relationships they sustained. This theoretical perspective is applied to analyzing the magazines of four women's high schools that took advantage of the valid study plans to access the university in the period and is complemented with other sources, such as prospectuses and relevant administrative documents. Originality: The study makes visible the role of women in science and, specifically, Chilean schoolgirls in this context, which have not been studied from the perspective presented here. Conclusions: Despite the lack of attention given to this population group in terms of scientific contribution, it is shown that high school students were active readers, disseminators and producers of knowledge, managing magazines, generating networks and circulating the knowledge beyond the walls of their educational establishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture of peace and education work together to shape individual with knowledge, attitudes and behaviors focused on harmony, tolerance, respect, inclusion, and peace. This paper presents a systematic review whose purpose was to identify the lines of study of the culture of peace in secondary education globally during the last decade (2012-2022). The study was based on the PRISMA methodology; 367 articles were collected from the databases of ERIC, Education Source, Academic Search Ultimate, Web of Science and Redalyc. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 articles were analyzed. The results obtained reflect that most of the articles focus on the of the peace component in the school curriculum, although scientific production focused on identifying the effects of culture of peace programs was also identified. It is concluded, the study of this topic provides a deeper understanding of how education contributes to the development of citizens committed to peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will develop what is understood by the right to education and how it is specifically regulated in the contexts of confinement, taking into account how the educational stimulus regulated in article 140 of Law 24.660 operates and its importance in the process of social reintegration of inmates. A comparison will be made between what is sanctioned by the National Education Law and the international human rights instruments with constitutional hierarchy that support this right and what actually happens in the penitentiary system. Likewise, an analysis will be made of Argentine jurisprudence that recognizes the right to education of persons deprived of liberty and its importance for the system of progressiveness regulated by the law of penal execution. On the other hand, an analysis will be made of how, in practice, the reduction regulated by article 140 has lost its virtuality due to the introduction of a group of offenses that are not eligible for the liberatory institutes through Law 27.375. The main objective lies in the need to emphasize that education in prison contexts is essential for social reintegration and that the State has the obligation to guarantee this right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to identify the contributions that internal communication has on the functioning of higher education organizations by analyzing the current state of research on the subject. For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA methodology. The search for articles in the open databases Redalyc and Dialnet and in the closed databases Ebsco-Academic Search Ultimate, Ebsco-Business Source Complete, Web of Science was based on 328 articles to which four filters were applied, resulting in a fi- nal corpus of 18 articles. The main findings determined that the topic has been developed mostly by authors from Latin America; the research takes into account all educational agents (students, teachers, administrators and managers) and mainly has four approaches: internal communication and its relationship with other elements; from the approach of the inclusion of digital media; as part of organizational functioning and from the training of communication professionals. It is concluded that internal communication is considered an important element for the fulfillment of organizational objectives and the generation of motivation, sense of belonging and integration of all personnel. However, it is considered as implicit in the functioning of educational organizations and therefore specific planning, development and evaluation processes are not carried out. Greater attention should be paid to internal communication in order to exploit its potential as a strategy for the improvement of educational organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and objective: Peritonsillar abscess (PA) is the most frequent complication of acute tonsillitis. Given the discrepancies observed in the literature, we present a systematic review to analyse the prevalence of PA in our setting in relation to three epidemiological factors: age, gender, and climatology. Methods: A literature search was carried out on the influence of age, gender, and seasonality on PA. The databases used were PubMed, Cochrane, and Medline, without time restriction, following the PRISMA methodology. The registry was carried out by three independent reviewers during the month of October 2022. Results: After excluding duplicates, 289 articles were obtained, of which, after the screening detailed in the methodology, we selected 23 as part of the systematic review. Discussion: In most of the included papers, a predominance of PA in men is observed, with a male/female ratio varying from 1.16 to 3. The mean age of onset of PA varies, depending on the study, from 22 to 39 years. Although with disparate results, AP does not seem to have a seasonal predominance, without being able to rule out a certain climatic influence. Conclusions: AP is the most frequent complication of acute tonsillitis. In adults, it predominates in men. The mean age ranges between 22 and 39 years. It does not seem to show climatic preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the main ideas of Hannah Arendt's moral philosophy in the texts Some questions of moral philosophy, Thinking and Moral Considerations, Eichmann in Jerusalem, The Life of the Mind and Lectures on Kant's Political Philosophy. In the first place, the characterization of the moral collapse that occurred in the context of totalitarianism is exposed, then Arendt's appreciations about the moral discernment criteria of Socrates, Plato, Kant, etc., its links with the faculty of will, and its references to the loss of self as a widespread phenomenon in society are examined. Finally, the meaning of the faculty of judgment is evaluated and the value of exemplarity in contemporary ethics is based. This paper presents the conclusions of the first stage of the research project whose question is: How can Arendtian ideas about exemplary validity as a criterion of moral discernment contribute to the consolidation of ethical positions that respond to the existential situation of contemporary man? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent attention to character formation as the key to moral education has also regarded personal and fictional role models as appropriate means to this end. Moreover, while one may have grave reservations about the influence of personal role-models (perhaps upon the young by those they happen to admire), serious fiction has often been considered an inspirational source of moral example. Still, while this paper ultimately mounts a defence of the moral educational potential of literature, it is also concerned to press two significant reservations about any and all attention to fictional character as a means to such education. First, since the ultimate meaning of any fictional character and conduct is largely, if not exclusively, confined to their narrative contexts, we should not suppose them to have any direct role-modelling application to the affairs of human life beyond such contexts. Second, and more significantly, since morality is also ultimately more than and/or not entirely reducible to the contingencies of human character, attention to either fictional or real-life character must anyway fall somewhat short of full moral education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the relationship between agricultural methane and nitrous oxide emissions as a function of per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and its quadratic term in 26 Latin American and Caribbean countries (1990-2019). It also considers the stock of foreign investment to test the polluting paradise hypothesis, agricultural land (AL), and, additionally, methane for nitrous function. The study comprised unit root and cointegration tests. Coefficients were estimated by using fully modified least squares (FMOLS), correlated common effects (CCE), and augmented mean group (AMG). Results by FMOLS show statistical evidence of an environmental Kuznets curve in the set of countries for methane and support the polluting paradise hypothesis. However, results from CCE and AMG show the opposite. For nitrous oxide, FMOLS confirms a U-shaped curve. The above supports a joint environmental policy for both gases, where AL is a key element. The previous results must be corroborated with other methods and the studies extended to other countries over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to conduct a descriptive analysis about the conceptual development that Chilean higher education has had from the perspective of Fernando Atria. We will use his texts; "Neoliberalism con rostro Humano" (2013) and "Derechos Socials and Education" (2014), as a starting point. They will be contrasted with some more up-to-date interviews, to determine the existence of any meaningful change around his higher education concept towards a context pre and post social outbreak (October 2019). Thus, it is of special significance to make reflections around the public discussion that involves the new Chilean constitution drafting, where Atria also won its seat as a conventional constituent. Therefore, it is sought in this process to show his transition from academic to political. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public diplomacy is an international political communication activity used by countries to achieve political objectives abroad and establish positive relationships with foreign publics. There are four types of public diplomacy: cultural, media, branding, and niche. Methodology: Following the SALSA framework and the PRISMA statement's four-phase flow diagram, this paper seeks to answer the following research questions: How has the production of academic literature about Latin American public diplomacy evolved? What are the characteristics of the production country by country? What characterizes such production according to the type of public diplomacy it is focused on? The systematic review of the academic literature on Latin American public diplomacy resulted in a sample of 95 items published in databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, SpringerLink, ProQuest One Academic, Jstor, and DOAJ. Results: Academic publications on Latin American public diplomacy emerged in 2007 and have grown consistently since 2016. The primary focus has been on Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia, with Brazil and Colombia being the primary editors of journals publishing articles on the topic. Studies on Brazil and branding constitute a significant portion of the research, representing 28% and 60% of the sample, respectively. Conclusions: Academic production about Latin American public diplomacy begins later than that focused on other parts of the world, consistent with its later practice in the region. The dominant powers have the leading role. Branding focused on promoting tourism, investment, and exports, is the type of public diplomacy generating the most interest, to the detriment of strategies with more political weight such as media diplomacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fact checking is becoming an essential journalistic task because of the proliferation of misinformative content disseminated massively through social media and other channels. Based on this observation, the fundamental objective of the research that serves as the basis for this paper was to learn about the Spanish journalists' professional routines and training in fact-checking. The authors developed a 29-item questionnaire distributed via email to journalists nationwide between May and June 2023 to collect the information. We obtained 326 responses, resulting in several findings: a) the implementation of data verification is not uniform, being more frequent in some types of media --newspapers and verification platforms-- and in large corporations; b) workload is an obstacle that prevents most journalists from devoting as much time to verification as it would require; c) some areas generate more problems when it comes to cross-checking data --such as politics and economics--; d) the preferred sources for verification are academic and official sources --governments, state security forces-; e) the digital tools that are known or used by professionals still have low penetration rates, with only some exceptions; f) although the perception of the respondents is that they are sufficiently trained for verification work, only a minority have received specific training in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Cholesteatoma in the pediatric population is considered an entity with an aggressive nature, it is related to greater extension, number of associated complications and recurrence. Currently there is an increase in closed approaches for its management; however, the need for a safe ear sometimes requires the use of more extensive surgeries. CLINICAL CASES: This paper describes 4 cases of 4, LO, 14 and 18 years old who attended a medical consultation at the Hospital Civil de Culiacan, Sinaloa, México, diagnosed with chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. All presented long-standing otorrhea. Other manifest ations were otorrhagia, history of ipsilateral facial paralysis and meningitis. Radical mastoidectomy was performed in all four cases; as a first therapeutic measure in two of them and as a reoperation in the other two cases. In postoperative follow-up, all required long-term antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Radical mastoidectomy is an option in pediatric patients with cholesteatoma. Treatment should be individualized, with a variety of procedures described, each with its advantages and disadvantages to be considered in each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to offer a philological analysis about the concept "common good" based on the contents of Enrique de Villena's Los doze trabajos de Hércules, capital work of the first peninsular Humanism. The analysis will be articulated around the fields of moral, science and politics, constantly present in the work studied, and in whose discourses this concept converges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]