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Agroecological and artisanal produce markets have multiplied as part of a broader process that promotes food citizenship oriented towards justice and sustainability. However, this phenomenon is immersed in the complexity of food systems and entails great heterogeneity. This article analyzes the relationship between these types of initiatives and the gentrification processes in some of the areas where they are established. The topic is approached from ethnographic material collected in the framework of a research project on agroecological production initiatives and artisanal transformation in Mexico City and on the citizens’ collectives that facilitate the commercialization of this production. The findings show that in certain areas of the city these markets shape a broader set of “alternative” food supply networks linked to gentrification processes and the findings identify some of the factors that affect the reproduction of social inequalities within the framework of these initiatives. At the same time, the study underscores the agency of the actors involved and documents their abilities to use these spaces through the growing demand for fresh, healthy, and locally-sourced food to advance their own ends in areas subject to gentrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the impact of the gastronomic boom on gentrification processes in Lima, Peru, during the last two decades. It is an ethnographic study conducted in 2012, 2014, and 2016 in the Santa Cruz housing development, which used to be a working-class neighborhood located in the Miraflores district. The central focus is the analysis of the personal narratives of change and belonging of residents, workers, and visitors, supported by photographic practice. In particular, it is based on the experience of Carlos, a young actor who after living several years in London returns to Peru to start a business and, taking advantage of competitive prices in Santa Cruz, opens a gourmet bakery in the neighborhood. Using the notion of “cosmopolitan imagination,” we show the different ways in which Carlos recontextualizes his experience in London in the specificity of La Mar, negotiating the limits, meanings and values of the places, people, and cultural practices that arise from inhabiting this space of change. Ultimately, Carlos’s bakery becomes a meeting point for linking or negotiating different strategies and experiences of belonging to the area, materializing power dynamics that emerge inside and outside the business, thus shaping the commodification of Santa Cruz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Mexico experienced a rapid expansion in highly industrialized food and beverage products. This has transformed supply and distribution structures and led to changes in dietary patterns. The objective of this paper is to explain how these transformations led to the configuration of a hybrid distribution and consumption scheme that affected the expenditure, frequency and quantities of ultra-processed and fast foods consumed in Mexican households during the period 2000-2020. This hybrid model is associated with an increase in diseases such as obesity and chronic degenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work analyzes the changes introduced by Royal Decree 905/2022, on aid to the Spanish wine sector within the framework of the Strategic Plan of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the response of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia expressed in the Order ACC/68/2023, on aid for the restructuring and/or reconversion of vineyards; highlighting the importance of the participation of the Autonomous Communities in the implementation of policies aimed at mitigating climate change and the necessary coordination and cooperation relations with the Spanish State and municipalities to achieve the objectives set out in the 2015 Paris Agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of hospital food in modern-age hospitals in Spain is based on documentation from very few centers, mostly in large cities, and new contributions are needed to expand the existing evidence. To this end, the documentation of the Santiago de Vitoria hospital has been analysed, a hospital and a city more representative of the peninsular median. An unequivocal economic focus has been found in the documentation on foodstuffs, and the record of their acquisition only includes extraordinary expenses, mainly foodstuffs destined for the apothecary's shop (80% of the entries). The basal diet is only known to us by its theoretical description, and its expenditure is recorded by number of portions or their fraction. There is evidence of triple supervision in its preparation and administration, as well as careful medical prescription of the food in the individualised diets. In conclusion, the expenditures do not show the actual consumption, nor do they represent the real diet, since the vast majority of the food items recorded were destined for the pharmacy and not for the feeding of the sick. It must be asked whether previous studies, which also use expenditure data, have not misinterpreted these data by wrongly extrapolating a magnificent diet when, in the case of Vitoria, it was made up of the working classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study was conducted to determine the perceptions of cat owners in Türkiye regarding the welfare conditions of their cats and their attitudes and knowledge levels during the care of their cats. Materials and methods. The research material consists of data obtained from questionnaires conducted with 494 cat owners. Results. Among cat owners, 98.6% kept cat food in closed boxes and 93.5% took precautions to prevent their cats from accessing household chemicals. In this study, according to the answers given by the participants to the questionnaire questions, statistically significant differences were found between the options in terms of their answers to all other questions, except for the answers given by the cat owners to the questions of whether they use nets for their cats on the windows and/or balconies of their houses and the frequency of changing the litter of their cats (p<0.01). Conclusions. It was determined that the majority of cat owners were generally correct and adequate in terms of their attitudes and knowledge levels during the care of their cats. However, it has been determined that cat owners do not have sufficient and correct information and preferences about using nets for their cats for protective purposes in the windows and balconies of their houses, giving their cats additional foods such as sausage, salami, sausage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital platforms for the sale of fast food have experienced high growth in recent years. However, there are still human, technological and idiosyncratic factors that limit the extension of this practice, particularly in Portoviejo. A mixed qualitative-quantitative approach was used to collect data on the use of this type of platform in the commercialization of food among users and entrepreneurs. Allowing a better understanding from the point of view of each user segment that can be favored by this type of service. The results show that this type of service has a high acceptance but there are still problems that prevent its proper development. Mainly factors of cultural origin, technological access and confidence in distribution mechanisms are still limiting the growth and scope of digital platforms in the analyzed environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marketing of banana derivatives is of great importance because it is a source of employment and economy for local stores, businesses and pantries. Added value is attributed to the sale of banana flour because it is a food with essential nutritional contributions. such as vitamins A, B, C and D, their nutritional properties are composed of proteins, lipids, fats and ashes that are beneficial for human muscle tissues. In the country, banana cultivation is intended for foreign trade and there are a large quantity of foods that do not satisfy the needs of customers, regarding their price, convenience and benefits, therefore the investigation has been carried out with the objective of carrying out an analysis of banana flour marketing in the canton of La Maná, the techniques and Instruments used to obtain the information were surveys and questionnaires. The research population was made up of 160 stores, 10 pantries and 20 commercials. Commercials and stores sell larger quantities of banana derivatives in quantities of 200 grams, and monthly they sell around 140 to 160 kilograms of banana flour, the best-selling brand is Banasoya, the price of the product varies between 0.60 and 1.00 dollars, each sale has a profit of 0.35 dollars. Consumers mostly buy the banana flour product biweekly, to make cakes and pastries, in a quantity of 11.33 kg at a price of 0.60 to 0.80 dollars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the centuries, the populations of human beings settled in the surroundings of water tributaries have indiscriminately disposed of their waste, throwing it into rivers, lakes, oceans, and surrounding land. When the amounts of waste, mostly biodegradable, are low, the environmental consequences and the health of biotic communities are minimal. However, the mass manufacture and disposal of non- biodegradable synthetic materials since the mid-20th century has had profound biological and environmental effects. Plastics are the most significant example of these ubiquitous synthetic materials, usually single-use, non-biodegradable and with high amounts of toxic chemical additives. Due to the high stability and resistance of plastic, it is impossible to quickly bind it in processes that allow its degradation and decomposition; for this reason, they have become half of the waste that exists on the planet today. The drift of these materials leads them, under ambient conditions, to gradually fragment into particles reaching the scales of micrometers and nanometers. These particles have been categorized as incidental contaminants: micro and nanoplastics. Today, the world is witnessing the nanotechnology boom and more and more industries are interested in the use of this emerging technology; They intentionally produce micro and nanoplastics to be incorporated into cosmetic products, textile fibers, among many other purposes. The contamination of these plastic particles of imperceptible dimensions, reaches food for human consumption through persistence in ecosystems and bioaccumulation, through different routes of exposure, mainly through ingestion in the different chains that make up the global trophic web, in addition, of the migration of the material used for the storage, preservation and packaging of food. When ingested, nanoplastics and some microplastics cross physical epithelial barriers and are distributed throughout the body, entering practically all body tissues, altering their function and increasing the disease burden of biotic communities, including humans. As they are considered inert and heterogeneous materials, their identification and recovery are complex, in addition to not being completely effective. This paper seeks to review information that allows evaluating the impact of nanoplastics present in food, highlighting the toxic effects that these materials have for human health through bioaccumulation and biomagnification in food chains at the subcellular biomolecular level and, on the other hand, describe recovery techniques for nanoplastics to reduce their presence in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study analyses the way in which content related to alcohol, tobacco, junk food and sports appear in the 10 most watched movies and 10 most watched series on Netflix. Methodology: To determine this, a conceptual analysis method based on a 5-minute interval coding is used. Results: The results indicate that alcohol is shown in 32.7% of the sections of the films and in 29.8% of the series. Tobacco appears in 13.2% of the intervals of the films and in 14.5% of the series. Junk food has a presence of 24.3% in movies and of 24.9% in series. Regarding sports, 7.8% of the movie sections and 8.5% of the series showed this content. Discussion: Among the conclusions, the need to transform the collective imaginary in relation to these kinds of harmful products is highlighted and, at the same time, the use of the media is promoted to encourage healthy lifestyle habits among consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conceptual metaphor constitutes an analogical thought process that has its literal manifestation in linguistic expressions that we use in everyday life. The metaphorical reasoning reveals the social dynamics and ideological positions under which the processes of subjectivation are inscribed. Under this cognitive linguistics approach, we analyze the metaphors that Chilean women attribute to food and their bodies. We interviewed 35 women between the ages of 25 and 60 belonging to various socioeconomic strata. The results revealed the existence of a set of normalizing metaphors, that transmit ideologies that seek to perpetuate patriarchal and consumer values that negatively arise from the relationship of women with their food and their own bodies. Secondarily, metaphors arose that pose a resistance to the model and with it a possible transition towards the construction of a subjectivity detached from the patriarchal gender order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase in childhood obesity, there has been growing concern in recent years about the psychological impact of the condition on this population. An increase in the frequency of depression, anxiety disorders, and low self-esteem among children with obesity has been found; all leading to a deterioration in quality of life. Associations have been demonstrated between childhood obesity and mental health problems such as depressive symptoms, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and low self-esteem. Children with obesity are also more likely to be victims of discrimination, social isolation and bullying. It is essential to assess the mental health of overweight or obese children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to propose guidelines to carry out an international business plan for a company in the agri-food sector that wishes to internationalize its products to the Hubei market, China. For the above, a theoretical framework was created on the fundamental aspects of a business plan and background information was provided by a Chilean company in the agri-food sector in 2023. This study is part of an Innovation Fund for Competitiveness project (FIC) and as a result, the steps and guidelines that must be considered by a company that decides to internationalize to the Chinese market are presented schematically, concluding that these steps should be considered by Chilean firms that decide to enter the market of Hubei, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects several people around the world. Some domesticated crops in South America have been reported to be a promising source of bioactive compounds with possible hypoglycemic effects. In this review we aimed to explore and synthesize the existing evidence in the scientific literature on the hypoglycemic effect of Andean crops and their bioactive components. We included di- fferent types of primary studies from three databases (Scopus, Pubmed and Web of Science) during June 2023, without restrictions, by means of controlled and uncontrolled language, according to the PICO strategy. We found 30 studies conducted between 2005 and 2022 that reported a hypoglycemic effect, through enzymatic inhibition in in vitro studies and significant glucose reduction in preclinical studies and clinical trials. This effect was attributed to different bioactive components that were identified with independent mechanisms related to glucose reduction and enzymatic inhibition. The most commonly used cultures were Smallanthus sonchifolius (9/30), Lupinus mutabilis (5/30) and Solanum tuberosum (4/30). The hypoglycemic effect was assigned to bioactive components such as polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acid subclasses, fructans, alkaloids, hydrolysates, anthocyanins and dietary fiber. Despite encouraging results from different types of studies, further research on their mechanisms of action, their efficacy compared to conventional treatments and their long-term safety is required for these to be considered safe and effective treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our infant-juvenile population has been exposed to situations in the last decade that have compromised their physical, mental, emotional health, learning ability, nutritional needs, and even their sense of self. We are talking about problems in terms of their education, food/nutrition, health, and recognition of gender identity. In this last topic, we will focus on this analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The right to food and water are fundamental human rights, even in situations of military occupation, as the occupying power has the responsibility to ensure and respect these rights for the civilian population under its control. Israel has systematically violated the right to water and food of the Palestinian population in Gaza and the West Bank for decades. The persistent violation of these rights has taken on an even more serious dimension in the case of Gaza since the beginning of the Israeli military intervention in the Strip in October 2023. The international community has the obligation to unequivocally position itself to investigate these violations of fundamental rights and put an end to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: mercury (Hg) accumulates in large predatory species in marine ecosystems, such as tuna, swordfish, or various sharks species. Objective: to validate, through additions, a method of atomic absorption spectroscopy with cold vapour and flow injection system for the measurement of total Hg in seafood products. Material and methods: a total of 18 samples of different seafood products were analysed, spiking them to 4 ranges: low (0.1 mg/ kg); intermediate (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) and high (2.0 mg/kg). These were digested in a microwave oven and analysed with an atomic absorption spectrometer. Results: the diversity of the samples and the good accuracy and precision of the results confirmed the selectivity of the method. The working range of the method was established between 0.10-0.32 mg/kg of Hg in the sample and the limit of quantification at 0.10 mg/kg. All calibration lines fitted the linear regression model with statistical significance (p < 0.05). The trueness was 4.28%; 3.20 %; 12.28 % and 0.84% respectively for the 0.1 mg/kg; 0.5 mg/kg; 1.0 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg ranges, respectively. The average recovery of the method was 102.54 %. Horrat reproducibility (HorratR) values were 0.41; 0.30; 0.37 and 0.66 and Horrat repeatability (Horratr) values were 0.48; 0.35; 0.11 and 0.47 for the 0.1 mg/kg; 0.5 mg/kg; 1.0 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg spiking ranges, respectively in each case. The relative uncertainty values in each range were lower than the fixed limit of 25 %. Conclusion: our method was validated by fulfilling the regulatory requirements and the previously established acceptance criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the dietary pattern and deficiency risk in the usual energy and nutrient intake of pregnant and lactating women from some indigenous peoples. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study, with information from the dietary intake component taken from the National Survey of the food and nutritional situation of indigenous peoples in Colombia, conducted between 2013 and 2019, which included 1,028 pregnant (319) and lactating (709) indigenous women from the northern and southern regions of the country. Results: A proportion higher than 90% (SD = 0.04) of pregnant and lactating women with lower than recommended calorie intake was found (p = 0.038). Around 70% of pregnant and lactating women had no any dairy products the day before the survey, and 50% did not eat fruits and vegetables. Regarding micronutrients, high prevalence of deficiency risk in the intake of vitamin C (50.3 and 80.2%), folate (80.4 and 95.1%), zinc (87.6 and 96.3%), iron (88.9 and 68.6%) and calcium (87.5 and 98.5%) was found in pregnant and lactating women. Conclusion: Food and nutrient intake in pregnant and lactating indigenous women is deficient in key nutrients to maintain their general health and provide the necessary nutrients to their babies. Their dietary pattern is considered unhealthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The right to food and water are fundamental human rights, even in situations of military occupation, as the occupying power has the responsibility to ensure and respect these rights for the civilian population under its control. Israel has systematically violated the right to water and food of the Palestinian population in Gaza and the West Bank for decades. The persistent violation of these rights has taken on an even more serious dimension in the case of Gaza since the beginning of the Israeli military intervention in the Strip in October 2023. The international community has the obligation to unequivocally position itself to investigate these violations of fundamental rights and put an end to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Evaluating the protein and saponin content in quinoa genotypes is an important practice to define their production purpose and to be able to be marketed in markets that demand, for example, bitter or sweet quinoa. For this reason, this study aimed to determine the content of these components in 30 quinoa genotypes produced in the central coast of Ecuador. Methodology: For this purpose, a completely randomized experimental design was used with thirty treatments and three replications, evaluating variables such as: height of the foam column (cm), saponin content (%) and protein content (%). The methodology used to obtain data on saponin content was the Koziol foam method and the Kjeldahl method was used for protein. Results: As for the results obtained, the highest saponin content was recorded in treatments T19 and T30 with 0.86 and 0.78%, respectively, while the treatments with the lowest saponin content were T23 and T26, both with 0.00%. In terms of protein content, the treatments with the highest protein content were T26 and T28 with 19.82 and 18.65%, respectively, and on the other hand, the treatments with the lowest protein content were T20 with 12.23 and T5 with 13.54%. Conclusion: Finally, it was concluded that 76.67% of the genotypes were classified as bitter and 23.3% as sweet. Meanwhile, in relation to protein, a general average of 16.19% was recorded for all genotypes, which in terms of quality is relatively acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: although important, food in medieval and modern hospitals was far from the excellence and abundance suggested by some historians, probably due to an incorrect assessment of hospital documentation, considering all food expenditure to be for food when much of it was destined for the apothecary's shop. Aim/method: to identify the foodstuffs used for non-nutritional therapeutic purposes during the modern age at Hospital de Santiago in Vitoria (Alava, Spain), to describe the system of consignment, and to review the bibliography of the period in order to facilitate documentary assessment strategies for researchers. Results: between 1592 and 1813, 42 groups of foodstuffs acquired for non-nutritional therapeutic purposes were identified. The system of annotation in the expenditure books is neither systematic nor homogeneous, but highly variable and dependent on who made the entry. Twenty-seven terms were identified for the recognition that a given foodstuff was intended for the apothecary's shop and not the kitchen. Fourteen sanitary texts of the period were chosen as clarifying bibliography, finding the 17th century nursing manuals most useful for the proposed purposes. Conclusions: the variety and quantity of foodstuffs destined for the apothecary's shop shows the risk of confusion in unfamiliar researchers when analysing hospital diets from account books. A proposal of terms and strategies for discriminating the nutritional or non-nutritional use of the food acquired, together with bibliographical recommendations, is essential for an adequate assessment of historical hospital diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic can affect the quality of food and nutrition of preschoolers and schoolchildren through an increase in food insecurity of families, by measures such as confinement and closure of educational establishments, which affects the daily structure, feeding schedules, and quality of food. Objectives: analyze the overall food quality of preschool and school children in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: five hundred and fifty-one schoolchildren (22.5 % boys and 77.5 % girls) from five Chilean cities distributed in northern, central, and southern macro zones participated in a convenience sampling. The Global Food Quality Index was applied. The data were analyzed in the IBM SPSSV24 statistical program. Differences in proportions were analyzed employing crossed tables. Results: schoolchildren from rural areas presented lower eating quality than their urban peers (p = .005). Schoolchildren who eat with the whole family had better indicators of eating quality than those who ate alone (p = .002). In nine out of 12 dietary components, evaluated females present higher compliance with dietary recommendations. Conclusions: further research is needed on changes in dietary intake and dietary quality of children and their families during the pandemic. This will allow us to analyze the impact of the pandemic on eating behavior and its possible consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two years after the beginning of the pandemic caused by the Sars-Cov-2 virus, research on the pathogenesis of its infection has advanced considerably, certain general factors, such as comorbidities, have been highlighted, and causal factors specific to the urban setting have been identified. The aim of this article is to provide qualitative and quantitative elements that indicate the relationship between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (upfs) poor in micronutrients and the pathogenesis of Sars-Cov-2 infection in Mexico City (cdmx), in an investigation of the causes of this problem. A qualitative methodology was followed, based on documentary search and content analysis. The results showed that the high consumption of upfs in cdmx is problematic, as these foods contain few of the micronutrients essential for the proper functioning of the immune system and to cope with diseases such as covid-19. Although the existing data to date do not allow us to establish a direct causality between covid-19 and consumption of upfs in the cdmx, they do indicate latent dangers, which merit investigating their effects and rethinking public and health policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic strengthened the discussion around the hegemonic global food model. At the same time, it gave rise to the proliferation of innovative rural-periurban-urban interactions in the supply of cities, which have accounted for changes in the social relations of production, circulation, and consumption of food. There are different approaches that refer to these processes, and introduce concepts such as short supply chains and alternative food networks. However, there are no definitions accepted universally by the scientific community. Similarly, there is no conceptualization at the local level that would enable a systematization of experiences. In the light of this, an opportunity to reflect critically and propose a contextualized conceptualization has been opened up. The aim of this article is to conceptualize the term short food supply chain and the construction of a typology for the southeast of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. This work was based on a bibliographic review and the identification of different dimensions to formulate a definition that allows the systematization of experiences, their characterization, quantification, and consequent visibility. This way, material will be generated for the development of public policies aiming at strengthening the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to characterize the sodium content in commonly consumed away-from-home food in three areas of Metropolitan Lima. We conducted a cross-sectional study, in which twenty frequently consumed foods were identified according to the place of sale. Sodium content was determined through atomic absorption spectroscopy in preparations collected in 2019. The median sodium content in street food products was 492.36 mg/100g (IQR: 83.93 - 918.78), 471.37 mg/100 g in artisanal food (IQR: 76.04 - 765.39) and 471.06 mg/100 g in fast food (IQR: 115.31 - 695.18). Sixty-five percent of the foods were classified as having high sodium content according to Peruvian regulations, while 30% of the preparations had high sodium content, according to UK parameters. Most food sold and consumed away from home have high sodium content. It is essential to engage all stakeholders involved in food preparation for away-from-home consumption in order to raise awareness and involve them in the promotion of policies aimed at reducing sodium intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an approach to territorialised agri-food systems from the perspective of Geography and Spanish women geographers. Its framework is the SAMUTER project (Multifunctional and territorialised agri-food systems in Spain, PID2019-105711RB-C62), which in turn is part of a broader programme on agriculture, landscapes, heritage and development. The sources are Spanish Geography journals and other journals specialised in rural and agrarian issues: a total of 20 journals (265 issues and 2820 articles) corresponding to the period 2018-2022, analysed and divested following a methodology designed specifically for this purpose. The discussion of the results highlights the versatility of these studies and their geographical assumption, also taking into account the specific contributions of female authorship and the gender perspective. The conclusion is that particular Spanish geographical contribution to territorialised agri-food is oriented towards territorial and landscape issues and far from the hard core of these studies; it also reveals the masculinity of the authors and the weak or almost non-existent incorporation of the gender perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteus mirabilis is a bacterium capable of causing pathologies of interest in public health. It occurs commonly in chicken meat. P. mirabilis does not stand out for its pathogenicity levels, but it does stand out for its difficult therapeutic approach once the infection has developed, due to its antibiotic resistance. In this study, 135 samples of chicken meat were collected in several retail centers in Ambato (45 formal sales, 45 informal sales and 45 slaughterhouses). Samples were seeded in selective culture media (McConkey Agar and XLD Agar), Gram staining was used, as well as biochemical tests (Oxidase Test and TSI) and molecular identification were performed by amplifying the 16S DNA ribosomal region, consequently there were 48 samples of P. mirabilis with 17 different strains, NCTC 11938 was the most common. P. mirabilis was mainly identified in formal retail centers, followed by slaughterhouses and informal retail centers. Meet contamination is related to food processing protocols breach. The great prevalence of this bacterium portrays a public concern issue, due to hazards related to meat contamination with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chicken meat is one of the most consumed proteins worldwide, however, it is one of the main reservoirs of Escherichia coli which is the main cause of multiple infections after consumption due to different factors such as inefficient handling at the time of slaughter, poor hygiene and inadequate refrigeration. The diseases it causes not only affect the health of consumers, but also the economy of traders. Therefore, this study aimed to identify by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene different strains that were isolated in chicken meat, for this 135 samples were taken and collected from formal and informal points of sale and from 9 slaughtering centers that supply Ambato. The samples were evaluated by means of microbiological and biochemical tests and then DNA was extracted from the 40 suspect samples, which were analyzed by PCR. The results were obtained through sequencing where a total of 33 different strains were identified, strains AF1 and ATCC 11775 were predominant in the chicken meat samples in the canton of Ambato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shigella spp. is the causative agent of gastric infections commonly acquired by the consumption of contaminated food. Chicken meat is an important transmission source of shigellosis due to its high demand and consumption. The purpose of this article is the detection of Shigella spp in chicken meat that is sold in Ambato from different markets. 135 samples were taken, 45 from places with an operating licence, 45 from informal food markets and 45 from slaughterhouses that supply the city of Ambato. Phenotypic identification was performed by culturing bacteria on selective medium, Gram staining and TSI. Shigella spp. candodates were sent for molecular identification by amplification of the 16S region of ribosomal DNA, where the presence of Shigella sonnei (10), Shigella flexneri (5) and Shigella dysenteriae (2) was demonstrated, whereas that Shigella boydii was not in any of the samples. In summary, three species of Shigella were identified, predominantly S. sonnei with greater inclination in slaughterhouses and informal outlets, which can mean a serious problem for Public Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research was to delve into the risks caused by the presence of Salmonella spp in contaminated chicken meat, characteristics of its genome, the type of infection it causes, clinical symptoms, transmission routes, among other risk factors., both in animals and in man. Salmonella due to its activity at an optimal pH of 6.7-6.8 together with its resistance to bile salts, pathogenic capacity; fimbriae for their adhesion to host cells, plasmids, pathogenicity islands, O, Vi polysaccharide antigens, among others, allow and favor the replication of the bacteria in the organism and in food, being a serious public health problem because it is one of leading causes of morbidity and mortality in people worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Among the issues most affected by the global pandemic of COVID-19 is the physical and emotional well-being of citizens. Objective. To analyze how dietary habits and physical activity have changed since the compulsory home confinement, and to determine whether they have been maintained afterwards, carrying out a study with students from 6 Andalusian public universities, during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 academic years. Method. A 30-item questionnaire was applied to a sample of 458 subjects, 73% female, 25% male and 2% non-binary with a mean age of 23 years. Results. Socially imposed isolation has favored in most cases an awareness of the need for care and improvement of health, both at a general level (46%) and from the point of view of food (for example, 60% take fruit or vegetables between meals) and physical activity (52%) and as an added benefit is that these habits are maintained after confinement (67%). Conclusions. Healthy habits have improved since confinement, in aspects related to both food and physical activity, with the latter acquiring a high relevance since the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper explores how high-level managers and business owners from 24 food industry organizations in Puerto Rico faced three consecutive crises: Hurricane Maria, the earthquakes in the southern area, and covid-19. Starting from a qualitative paradigm, an emerging theory methodology is used with a multiple case study that includes participants from different levels of the supply chain. From the analysis, a model to face the crisis was inducted, consisting of a repetitive cycle with five stages: potentiation, decision, grasp, intervention, and dynamic homeostasis. The potentiation was governed by cognitive processes and emotions while the decision was directed towards activity or inactivity. The grasp came from the culture and organizational structure and the intervention was the period of implementing solutions. Finally, dynamic homeostasis led to a resurgence and recovery of organizational stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Describe the main social factors that define sustainable consumption practices through the analysis of food consumption behavior in university students. Methodology: The research design was qualitative, descriptive scope and non-experimental transactional design, the information was obtained from group interviews conducted with students from three Higher Education Institutions (IES) in the city of Hermosillo Sonora, chosen for participating in the promotion of ecological actions. Session transcripts were categorized according to theoretical review. Results: The sustainable consumption practices that students usually practice are related to taking care of household resources (family income). Among the social factors with the greatest influence on such collective agency is the family in the first place, followed by university colleagues and then IES through various programs. Limitations: The study was carried out during the pandemic period and what is presented here are partial results of an ongoing investigation. Conclusions: The research contributes empirical knowledge to theoretical-analytical models proposed to study consumption, in this case, food consumption practices in university students. It was observed that sustainable consumption practices are incipient even when all the centers have deployed some actions to promote them; the main barrier or limitation faced by sustainable consumption practices are the values that are rooted in the Sonoran food culture that, for example, encourages the consumption of red meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to analyze the management and waste of food in all-inclusive resort hotels, from the perspective of employees in various jobs. Methodology: It is qualitative, through semi-structured interviews with actors such as kitchen collaborators, chefs, key managers of the food and beverage areas, quality, and sustainability of lodging centers located in the hotel zone of Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Results: From the perspective of the collaborators of the lodging centers, there are very few hotels that have a food donation program since it is a subject that has not been given importance even as a Social Responsibility Program Entrepreneurial (CSR) or to reduce costs in the purchase of inputs for the supply. Limitations: It is not yet possible for hotel corporate offices to have the flexibility to monitor food waste, which limits the measurement and therefore the implementation of strategies that help to reduce waste. Conclusions: The cultural habits of both collaborators and diners are factors to consider reducing food waste, there is evidence of very few strategies in terms of food waste management since this problem is not familiar to the certifications that hotels of this type usually look for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Evaluate community action in an urban agriculture intervention project in the Campestre-Virreyes neighborhood. Methodology: A qualitative evaluation is proposed through participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Intelligence is evaluated that allows us to see the potential, learning capacity and motivations of the participants. Results: There is relevant information about the learning capabilities of the neighbors, which has been weighted based on sociodemographic data, previous knowledge and experience about urban agriculture, the motivations that accompany them and the expectations about urban agriculture in their neighborhood. Limitations: The article does not necessarily reflect a trend on community action in the neighborhoods on the outskirts of the city nor can the training process of the participants be concluded; it is only a cut in time. Conclusions, although a specific community action has been identified, which is the product of a good intervention by non-governmental actors, the participants have barely been able to develop specific capacities on urban agriculture that are not sufficient to satisfy their food needs and at the same time improve its economy, although a certain level of community action is recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: characterize the territory of the Antinaco-Los Colorados Central Valley based on the water-energy-food nexus; problematize the nexus by linking the evolution of groundwater resources and energy consumption for irrigation; and identify actors to conform a Political and Technical Council. Methodology: the territorial characterization was developed from the analysis of secondary information considering the three pillars of the nexus and its problematization was carried out by articulating the piezometric; the loss of reserves and electricity consumption data for irrigation; The identification of actors was carried out using a participatory sociogram technique. Results: piezometric levels decrease annually with a depletion of groundwater reserves, therefore, energy for irrigation increases. This situation accounts for the (un)sustainability of the system in the strong term. The analysis of actors shows the possibility of forming a Technical and Political Council for the prospective development of the valley from the nexus approach. Limitations: analyse the economic scarcity of water, propose trend scenarios and deepen the understanding of the rationalities of groups of producers to know the logic in the use of resources. Conclusions: the current uses and modes of resource management demand changes around the physical limits of natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Generate a compendium of theoretical information on food safety and its importance in production of food for self-consumption in the Guerrero Central and Mountain region in Mexico. Methodology: This document presents a comprehensive and systematic review of traditional food and its relationship with sovereignty and food safety, taking the Center and Mountains of Guerrero as the study region. Results: in first instance, a socioeconomic vision of the region is given to understand the reality of rural populations with a high degree of marginalization. Subsequently, the concepts of food sovereignty and the safety of artisanal foods that are distinctive feature and that integrates the culture of the analyzed populations. Finally, the barriers to achieve this food sovereignty in the study region are discussed. Limitations: Only one study area is covered from many others that are currently in a state of marginalization. In addition, it is an investigation of theoretical scope that aims to reflect on the issue of sovereignty and food safety and the factors around it. Conclusions: The research aims to contribute to the discussion of how food sovereignty and safety are related to basic food in rural populations with a high degree of marginalization, but with a deeply rooted culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the nutritional status and eating habits in snacks of schoolchildren in 12 public schools in Reynosa Tamaulipas, related to socioeconomic level. Methodology: The socioeconomic level was identified, weight, height and waist circumference were measured, and school snack foods were recorded for five consecutive days, after signing the informed consent by the parents. Results: Regarding the eating habits related to the socioeconomic level, it was observed that the children of the lower middle level had a higher consumption of calories based on foods such as flautas, fried tacos, hamburger, pizza, hot cakes, tamales, ham, egg, flour tortilla, potato, fresh cheese. Unlike the medium-high level, who had a higher consumption of sugary drinks, pasteurized cheese, tacos, fruit, dairy products, and vegetables. Limitation: Low availability of the parents to sign the informed consent. Conclusion: It is recommended to strengthen food policies to carry out interventions in school snacks with other healthy food alternatives considering the socioeconomic level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To document the cultural importance and management of plants with emphasis on food species of Ch'ol communities of Chiapas, Mexico. Methodology: Oriented from ethnoagroecological approach, participatory methodological tools and mixed analysis of the information were applied. Results: The analysis of the cultural importance of edible plants (CII) registered ranges between 0.0005 to 15,500, the high values indicate groups of plants that are consumed more frequently, which shows their roots in the food culture of these peoples. The management criteria in the HG show two practices carried out by the families: ex situ and in situ management. In the first, cultivated plants are mainly registered (40.1%), the second emphasizes four levels of agricultural work, collection (8.4%), tolerance (12.1%), promotion (10.9%) and protection (28.6%); In this sense, the management intensity (MI) recognized species with intervals of 0.2129 + 0.6239. Limitations: the Covid-19 period limited the last coexistence visits to the FPU that were originally contemplated. Conclusions: the vegetable component that is managed in the home garden family constitutes a basic element that defines a sustainable food system. In this sense, together with the valuation of practices of these social groups, family farming may be aiming to build foundations that explain motives involved in the domestication of food plants in Mesoamerica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to analyse how, during the period of 1937 to 1961, different Mexican governments used the cultural and ancestral dimension of maize, overcoming the controversies around its nutritional quality and utilising the benefits of agricultural research, to incentivise its production and consumption among the population, as well as its exportation to other countries, with the goal of turning it into a commodity that would incorporate the rural population into the national economy. For this reason, it was important to design campaigns to promote this grain in various media, seeking to exalt the idea of the ancestral food that was the basis of the Mexican diet and a symbol of Mexican culture. This analysis was constructed using contemporary newspapers and other publications of the period mentioned, as well as works that have addressed the topic of maize cultivation and consumption. The article seeks to deepen our understanding of the changes in the Mexican diet, the practices of production, and the sociocultural significance of maize as from the mid-twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article relates Antioquian cuisine with the modernization process that was taking place in the late 19th century. Using methodological resources from people's history and subaltern studies, it seeks to unveil how ordinary people incorporated ideas of change and resistance in a society experiencing the first effects of modernisation. Food, from Claude Lévi-Strauss to Massimo Montanari, has been considered an object of structured study with a «grammar», or conventions, that give it order, meaning, and cultural and social significance. This has motivated the question: «To what extent did the modernisation process modify that structure and grammar of food?» The article conducts a literary and semiotic analysis of the three volumes of the work Hace tiempos by the costumbrist writer Tomás Carrasquilla, which is rich in details about Antioquian popular culture. First, it analyses the people's history category according to Carrasquilla's work. Then, it examines the concept of cuisine as a creator of identities, its identification in the work, and its relationship with the modernising project. Finally, it defines the terms of the tension between popular cuisine and haute cuisine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the components of school menus is an important area in health strategies. Objectives: the aim of this study was to analyse differences in adherence to recommended food frequencies and other characteristics of school meals in educational centres according to the type of school and neighbourhood income. Method: schools in the city of Barcelona with a lunch service were offered a three-year review. In the three academic years, 341 schools participated: 175 were public and 165 were private. To identify any differences, the Pearson Chi-squared test or Fisher exact test were used, as appropriate. Statistical analyses were performed with the STATA SE/15 programme. Results: no statistically significant differences were found by the socioeconomic level of the school neighbourhood. Private and subsidised schools showed lower adherence to recommendations on pasta (11.1 %), red and processed meat (24.7 %), total meat (7.4 %) and fresh fruit (12.1 %), and lower use of the recommended cooking oil (13.1 %). In contrast, public schools showed lower adherence to the recommended type of frying oil (16.9 %). Conclusions: in private and subsidised schools, improvements should be recommended on the frequency of intake of certain foods. Future studies should examine the causes of lower adherence to certain recommendations in these centres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The use of wild fruits is part of a dynamic local ecological knowledge, sensitive to social and ecological changes. M&M: To evaluate the nutritional potentialities and effective use of products made with algarroba (fruits of Neltuma spp.), progress was made in their nutritional determination in the laboratory. Furthermore the supply of products at fairs and dietetics was studied by means of surveys, and online surveys were carried out to study the use and perceptions associated with the use of these products. The data obtained were analyzed both qualitatively and by frequency analysis and applying General Linear Model. Results: The nutritional results indicate the nutritional and also medicinal potential, as anti-inflammatory, of the algarrobas, positioning it as a "folk functional food". The consumption of products made with algarrobas would be increasing in frequency, not depending on traditional guidelines but as a new cultural element, associated with a positive perception for health. The main limitation for its use being the lack of information in this regard. Conclusions: The fruits of Neltuma spp. can be considered as NUS (neglected and underutilized species) in process of being revalued, with a great potential impact on the conservation of native forests and regional economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the factors of the social structure and food culture of an indigenous community that strengthen collective care. Materials and methods: Qualitative study, ethnographic method; through purposive sampling: 10 semi-structured interviews and participant observation; the content analysis was supported by the Atlas ti 7.0 tool. Results: economic-political, educational, social-cultural and spiritual factors provided evidence of food exercises and practices that from the indigenous worldview of balance and awareness with "mother earth" and of its territorial organization contribute to the collective and identity practices of the community. Conclusions: Around food, many practices are woven that strengthen care in the community; from the shagra physical and spiritual food is harvested, as well as it is also constituted as a space of identity affirmation and survival of ancestral knowledge that must be preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Environmental Radiological Surveillance Laboratory (LVRA) of the Radiation Protection and Hygiene Center (CPHR), belonging to the Nuclear Energy and Advanced Technologies Agency of Cuba (AENTA), has within its state mandate the radiological surveillance of food. In the same way, it is considered the national reference laboratory to certify the radiological quality of nationally produced foods destined for export that require it. This laboratory has been operating, for more than 25 years, under an accredited Quality Management System, currently according to NC ISO/IEC 17025:17, by the National Accreditation Body of the Republic of Cuba. During the last two years, as part of the identified improvement opportunities, a Database Management System was developed, which allows systematizing the information related to the analysis of activity concentration in food in such a way that it makes it possible to increase the potentialities of use of these data. Both imported foods and nationally produced foods will be reported in this database, which are tested to assess compliance with the values established for radionuclides in food in national and/or international regulations, as the case may be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Forage and feedstuff technologies with additives contributed to more efficient nutrition of herbivores. Aim. To evaluate the productive performance and organoleptic quality of meat from covies fed forages and feedstuffs containing various levels of oregano. Methods: This paper consisted of two studies, one on El Romeral Farm, Guachapala Canton, the University of Cuenca, located on S 2o45'54", W 78o42'58", 2 254 m above sea level. Another study was developed in sheds belonging to Molihers food processing factory in Ochoa Leon, on S 2o49'48", W 78o59'12", 2 600 m above sea level. The control (T1) consisted of feeds for covies (Molihers); the other treatment (T2) relied on phytogenics at a rate of 2 kg/ton. Treatment 3 (T3) used phytogenics (3 kg/ton), whereas treatment 4 (T4) contained phytogenic products (5 kg/ton). All the treatments had 13.5% protein. A completely randomized experimental design was used, along with one-way ANOVA. The final weight was measured after 115 days. Results: No significant differences were found between the treatments for the final weight in the two trials. There were no differences in the organoleptic quality indexes, except for the color and crust for the Molihers in T3 and T4. Conclusions: The nutrition of covies using alfalfa and feeds containing phytogenic product additives such as oregano at 3 and 4 kg. t dose of the feed proved effective. The final weights were similar to the control animals, and the organoleptic characteristics of meat were not affected, due to the organic principles in the oregano supplemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous female-headed single parent households face increased pressure when attempting to balance income generation with household responsibilities, such as family nutrition, which is critical given its greater influence on children's nutrition and diet quality (Hebestreit et al., 2017). This situation is critical in light of the fact that food is positioned as a critical domain of human well-being (Schnettler et al., 2014, 2017; Denegri et al., 2014, 2016). Satisfaction with food-related life is conceptualized as an individual's global cognitive evaluation of his or her diet (Grunert, Dean, Raats, Nielsen, y Lumbers, 2007); its formal definition is connected to other facets of life such as health, family, and social relationships (Grunert et al., 2007). According to the literature, satisfaction with food-related life is defined in terms of three primary determinants of eating behavior: the food consumed, the individual, and the diet's context (Köster, 2009). The purpose of this study is to contribute to our understanding of female-headed single-parent families and their meanings by examining the importance placed on the family as the first social space in which people construct and shape their social representations in various spheres of daily life (Moscovici, 1984). The overall objective is to investigate the meanings of satisfaction with food-related life for mothers and adolescent children in female-headed single-parent families. The specific objectives are to i) define the semantic entities of food satisfaction in relation to mothers and adolescent children, ii) identify factors that contribute to mothers' and adolescent children's food satisfaction, and iii) compare how mothers and adolescent children perceive their food satisfaction and the factors that contribute to it increasing. To accomplish these goals, a mixed case study research design was used. This entails combining quantitative and qualitative research methods in order to gain a better understanding of the research issues (Cresswell y Plano Clark, 2011). A total of 47 Chilean single-parent families with a female head of household participated in this study. It consists of a fee-paying mother that has at least one adolescent child between the ages of 10 and 17. The data collection method was an interview developed and tested in the Chilean population by Schnettler et al. (2020), based on a projective technique (Mesas y Escribano, 2018), in which mothers and adolescent children individually responded to the first words, terms, or phrases associated with the expression "being satisfied with my food-related life" with the goal of determining the meaning of satisfaction with food-related life. They were then asked to complete the sentence "I would be more satisfied with my food-related life if...". In order to identify factors that could improve their satisfaction with food-related life. The data was textually analyzed by segmenting and coding it. Subsequently, by establishing conceptual relationships, categories and supracategories were generated deductively (Krippendorff, 2004). Following that, the information expressed in the results and plotted in frequency tables is synthesized and interpreted. The Chi-square test was used to compare mothers' and adolescent children's responses (Agresti, 1990). In conclusion, the findings indicate that the meanings of satisfaction with food-related life can be ascribed to the construct's formal conceptualization. Thus, this study provides evidence that the construct is valid. There were also similarities in the meanings of mothers and adolescent children when it came to the determinants associated with food satisfaction, as well as the factors that could increase their satisfaction with food-related life. This finding is critical for establishing the family's influence on the constructs and meanings associated with adolescents' cultural identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Candida utilis (torula yeast) is the most widely used yeast as an animal feed supplement due to its high content of B vitamin, minerals and amino acids, therefore, in order to use it as food, studies have been carried out to increase its growth rate and production, highlighting the use of magnetic fields. This paper constitutes a review of the main characteristics of this yeast, its use as an alternative food worldwide and in Cuba, as well as the effect of the application of magnetic fields on its growth. The results of the review carried out show that Candida utilis is used in the production of unicellular protein, due to its ability to use a variety of carbon sources, being able to replace traditional protein sources. Although several investigations are reported in which the application of a static magnetic field causes an increase in the growth of fungi and yeasts, few reports were found in relation to the torula yeast, even so, it is found that low-intensity magnetic fields increase the cell biomass of this yeast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To make a community diagnosis in families living in vulnerable areas in Sonora state and determine how factors such as knowledge and use of backyard gardens relate to food consumption. Methodology. A non-experimental cross-sectional design was used. Sampling involved the participation of 124 inhabitants through a convenience, non-probabilistic approach. Theoretical and practical Findings: The results show that 30 of 124 individuals have average weight and height. Having a backyard garden at home leads to differences in sugar consumption. Transdisciplinary and sustainable innovation originality. This work involves different disciplines, such as the social worker area, nutritional sciences, and education. It is necessary to innovate sustainable programs and tools for people in vulnerable contexts since it allows us to have intervention from different axes, which can impact the integral way in the diagnostic stage for the selection and design of measures of the intervention project in the community a through food and community orchards. Conclusions and limitations: It is concluded that the diagnosis points towards the need for nutritional education and the promotion of family gardens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]