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Introduction: resveratrol has multiple beneficial effects on different body systems, including the central nervous system, however, the results reported on the effect on cognitive functions in older adults are inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to present a synthesis of knowledge about the effect of resveratrol on cognitive functions in older adults. Method: a systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA-2009 criteria. The search for articles was carried out until September 7, 2021 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SciELO, and TESIUNAM. The outcome variables were delayed, immediate, and working memory, and processing speed. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was estimated to assess the effect. Results: one thousand sixty-five studies were found, of which six met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review and meta-analysis. No significant effect was found on delayed memory (SMD = 0.69, 95 % CI: 0.85-2.23, p = 0.38), immediate memory (SMD = 0.56, 95 % CI: -0.20-1.31, p = 0.15), working memory (SMD = -0.21, 95 % CI: -0.74-0.32, p = 0.43) and processing speed (SMD = 0.25, 95 % CI: -0.58-1.07, p = 0.55). Conclusion: our results suggest that resveratrol does not have an effect on cognitive functions in older adults, however, it is necessary to carry out more studies with different doses, type of nutraceutic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ingestion of an overdose of paracetamol (also called acetaminophen, or APAP) induces hepatotoxicity that can lead to liver failure. The link between the pro-inflammatory microRNA-155 (miR-155) and leukocyte infiltration (CD45) in APAPantioxidant depletion and liver toxicity with and without the natural polyphenolic compounds, quercetin (QUR) plus resveratrol (RES) has not been previously studied. Therefore, acute hepatic injury was induced in rats by 2 g/kg APAP (single dose, orally) and another group started QUR (50 mg/kg) plus RES (30 mg/kg) treatment one week prior to APAP ingestion. Animals were culled 24 hours post the paracetamol treatment. APAP overdose induced hepatic and blood levels of miR-155 expression, CD45 (leukocyte common antigen) immunostaining, degenerated hepatocytes, and hepatic injury enzymes; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), which were markedly decreased by QUR+RES. Whereas, APAP intoxication ameliorated liver tissue levels of the antioxidants, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase that were augmented by QUR+RES. Moreover, a significant (p<0.05) correlation between miR-155/CD45 axis and liver tissue injury was observed. These findings show that paracetamol intoxication augments miR-155/CD45 axis-mediated modulation of antioxidants and liver injury in rats, and is protected by QUR+RES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Introduction and objetives: oxidative stress is considered one of the main mechanisms of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of heavy metals. In contrast, resveratrol has antioxidant properties and is one of the most studied polyphenols due to its wide variety of beneficial health effects. However, there are no systematic reviews of the scientific literature in which the effects of resveratrol on oxidative stress induced by heavy metals are analyzed. Methods: in this review, articles were searched using the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases (1996-2018). After applying various filters, eleven in vivo and in vitro researches were considered, in which the effects of resveratrol on oxidative stress induced by arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe) were studied. Results: this review presents an analysis of the chemical effects of resveratrol on oxidative stress associated with the exposure of metal compounds. The interaction of resveratrol with the production of reactive oxygen species (ERO's), the endogenous antioxidant system and its effects on DNA damage is discussed. From these studies, a diagram that shows the proposed interactions for resveratrol; heavy metals As, Cd, Cu, Cr and Fe; and oxidative stress is generated. Conclusions: the studies analyzed show that resveratrol is able to modulate the oxidative stress generated by different heavy metal compounds such as As, Cd, Cu, Cr and Fe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extracts of wild grapevines (Vitis) leaves (EHVS) from three accessions (P- 178, E-200 and TN-4) at 6, 8 and 12 % v/v, were tested in vitro to evaluate their inhibitory effect on Botrytis cinerea development. Resveratrol (RVS) (60, 90, 120 μg/mL), citrus extracts (EC) (3, 5 and 8 % v/v) and cyprodinil + fludioxonil (SW) (500, 800 and 1000 μg/mL) were compared against EHVS. In average, SW presented inhibition of mycelial growth (ICM), sporulation (IE) and spore germination (IGC) (88.9; 85.5 and 93.7 %, average respectively). RVS presented the second higher inhibition rate. All EHVS presented antifungal activity; specially, P-178 at 12 % resulted in 72 % ICM, 75 % IE and 62 % IGC. This dose contained phenolic compounds 19.9 mg/mL, RVS 1.7 mg/mL, gallic acid 3.8 mg/mL and ferulic acid 2.5 mg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resveratrol (3', 5, 4'- trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic compound found abundantly in grapes and red wine. It has various properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antiviral activity. Resveratrol has been shown to reduce the incidence of coronary artery disease, as it is capable of inhibiting LDL oxidation, platelet aggregation, modulation of nitric oxide production, and slowing of the atherogenic process. The first reports about this compound were associated with decreased mortality, mainly due to reduction of coronary artery disease; however, resveratrol has a wide range of pharmacological properties, as this compound can prevent or slow the progression of a variety of diseases such as cancer and viral infections. In cancer cells, resveratrol has been shown to inhibit tumor growth, promotion of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis and inhibition of promutagen bioactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resveratrol is considered a phytoalexin, because it is synthesized in response to pathogens (biotic factors) and adverse climatic conditions (abiotic factors). Nowadays there is great interest in this substance, due to its potential use in pharmacology as an antioxidant. Through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), resveratrol content was determined in leaves of 18 accessions of wild grapevines native to Puebla, Mexico; four of them growing in four different environmental conditions. There was high variability in the resveratrol contents, estimating 39.5 µg g-1 fresh weight as maximum value whereas in some accessions there was not detection. Differences in the content of resveratrol within the four environments for the different accessions were observed, suggesting high influence of the environment on the genotype, inducting or inhibiting the biosynthesis of that compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La retinopatía diabética es una complicación de la diabetes que afecta los ojos. Es causada por el daño a los vasos sanguíneos que van al tejido sensible a la luz que se encuentra en el fondo del ojo (retina). En busca de nuevos tratamientos innovadores para la administración ocular de fármacos, en el presente trabajo se plantea la formulación y caracterización de nanosuspensiones de resveratrol como alternativa al tratamiento de la retinopatía diabética. Las nanosuspensiones de resveratrol fueron estabilizadas utilizando Tween 20, Span 20 y carboximetil celulosa. Las nanosuspensiones fueron caracterizadas respecto al tamaño de partícula por difracción laser, potencial zeta y estabilidad coloidal óptica utilizando Multiscan 20 por un periodo de 24 horas a 37 °C. Las formulaciones fueron estables a una concentración de resveratrol del 0,01%; carboximetilcelulosa al 1%, Tween 20 y Span 20 al 0,008% y 0,002% respectivamente. El HLB del sistema fue igual a 15 para un pH = 7,01. La nanosuspensión se clasificó como un sistema polidisperso con un tamaño promedio de partícula de 140,7 nm ± 2,7nm; con un D10 = 95,2 nm ± 1,1 nm; D50 = 127 nm ± 4 nm y D90 = 202,9 nm ± 7,8 nm. Durante las 24 horas de análisis de estabilidad coloidal se evidenció una velocidad de migración -0,133 ± 0,001 mm/hora, un perfil de transmisión constante, y un perfil de retrodispersión con variaciones del 10%, lo que representa una formulación estable a la sedimentación. La estabilización de las nanoparticulas se atribuye no solo al HLB de la mezcla de surfactantes, si no a la estabilización estérica que genera la carboximetil celulosa, dado que la medida de potencial zeta se encuentra entre -0,614 y -3,52 mV. Aunque las regulaciones determinan que las suspensiones oftálmicas deben tener un tamaño de partícula especifico, donde, no más de 20 partículas sean mayores a 25µm, no más de 2 partículas mayores a 50µm y ninguna partícula debe ser mayor a 90µm, es importante evaluar la migración y proliferación de células endoteliales humanas de retina en presencia y luego de su exposición a la nanaosuspensión. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacgraund: Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is a phylloxera epidemic (sap-sucking insects), which limits the production and export of grapes causing economic losses to the wine industry. Objetives: Develop a formulation antifungal liquid comprising encapsulated particles of resveratrol in a matrix of β-glucan and lecithin. Methods: β-glucans insoluble of Saccharomyces cerevisae, β-glucans in barley, grape resveratrol, soy lecithin, ethyl acetate and malt extract agar. The β-glucan (1,3) (1,6) were submits to 135 ° C for 4.5 hours and a pressure of 2 bars to have the capacity of dissolve is in water. 10 gr of The Β-glucans of Saccharomyces cerevisae . The reagents to adition in a ratio of 1, 4 x 10-3 g solid acetate/g and 1, is 2 x 10-2 mL acetic acid / g solid. The employees Encapsulates were lecithin, β-glucans from yeast solubilized in the reactor of stainless steel and β-glucans from barley to concentrations: 10, 15 and 20 g/l. The resveratrol (7. 5 g/L) dissolved in ethyl acetate is added in all the emulsions. To remove ethyl acetate emulsion is introduced in the rotary evaporator (Heidolph), at 60° C and a pressure vacuum of 0.7-0.8 bar at 75 rpm for 1 hour. The culture in vitro of Botrytis cinerea, was made in agar plates of malt extract, previously sterilized in autoclave at 121° C for 20 minutes. Results: The analysis of the values d (0.5) indicates that the emulsion of lecithin with acetate concentration of 20 g/l is better since the penetration of the active ingredient (resveratrol) how much smaller is the particle is better in the cell walls of the fungus, affecting their growth. Conclusions: The emulsion with glucagel + lecithin concentration of 20 g/L inhibition is significant in comparison to the suspension glucagel of 20 g/L, which is 70% effective penetration and attack the fungus. Emulsion with 20 g/l concentration of ethyl acetate inhibits the 100% growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]