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Copyright of Philostrato is the property of Epiarte, S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study is to perform a comparative analysis of the cognitive functioning of a group of cannabis users and healthy controls, by applying neuropsychological tests and potential events related to mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a in a 32-channel EEG, and evaluate its association with consumption characteristics. The sample consisted of 21 cannabis users (CN) and 22 healthy controls (SN) between 18 and 35 years old. The CN group scored higher on the WMS-III IA word list and Stroop time part A, while the SN group had reduced P3a amplitude in F3, C3, and FCZ and higher latency in F4. In relation to the characteristics of consumption, abstinence from cannabis presented a strong correlation with the percentage of retention in verbal memory, the latency of MMNd/P3a in C4 and the amplitude of P3a in F3, while the number of cannabis cigarettes presented a strong correlation with the latency of P3a in FCZ. In conclusion, our findings corroborate the presence of specific alterations. P3a stands out as a possible neurophysiological marker in clinical and translational research in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. There is a high prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders in alcohol abuse disorder. The presence of dual diagnosis in patients decreases the maintenance of abstinence and increases the likelihood of relapse, which makes treatment more complicated. The aims of this study are: to investigate the progression along two years of treatment of a sample of migrant patients affected by alcohol abuse disorder associated with psychiatric disorders, comparing it with a sample of migrant patients without dual diagnosis and investigating the diagnoses of comorbid psychiatric pathology with alcohol abuse disorder. Methods. Two populations of migrant patients with alcohol abuse disorder (DSM-5) were compared, one with comorbid psychiatric disorders consisting of 219 patients and the other of 169 patients without dual diagnosis. Results and conclusions. The most frequent psychiatric disorders associated with alcohol use disorder are personality disorders (51,6%), adjustment and depressive disorders (22,8%), anxiety disorders (15,5%), eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders (5,9%), bipolar disorders (5%) and schizophrenia (2,3%). The two-year follow-up treatment shows that 27% of immigrant sample with dual diagnosis remains in abstinence compared to 41,4% of those who only suffer from alcohol use disorder: Worse outcomes are observed in patients with dual diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the play "King Lear" by William Shakespeare, which is based on a twelfth-century chronicle written by Geoffrey of Monmouth. The play tells the story of a prehistoric king who divides his kingdom among his three daughters but suffers the consequences of his intemperance and lack of understanding, leading him to madness and suffering. The play raises social and political conflicts, as well as existential questions, and does not offer a solution or reconstruction of the initial order, but culminates in despair and death. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The visuality of Temperance arose in Middle Ages with the predominance of Italian trends. During the 15th and 16th centuries, a new iconographic type for Temperance appeared in the French scope of the "new visuality" providing new attributes. This innovation was the iconic depiction of the features that thinkers attributed to this virtue. The present research is about the appearance, analysis, continuity, and variation of the iconographic type of Temperance in the "new visuality". Thereby, visual innovation is explained from its relation with written sources and the continuity and variation of images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Poliana is the property of Studia Poliana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. In recent decades the immigrant population has increased significantly in Western countries, which not only influences the former culturally but also in their alcohol consumption patterns. The course of immigration can cause social stress, which can lead to uprooting, frustration of their expectations or marginality, which are risk factors for an increase in alcohol consumption, possibly in order to face their different problems. The aims of this study are: to investigate the progression along two years of treatment of a sample of immigrant patients with Alcohol Use Disorder, to compare it with a sample of Spanish natives and to analyze the evolution of immigrant patients according to the geographical area of origin. Methods. Two samples of individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder (DSM-V) were compared: one sample of 388 immigrant patients and a control sample composed of 262 Spanish patients. Likewise, the patients were studied according to the geographical area to which they belong. Results and conclusions. 45.4% of patients in the Spanish sample remain in abstinence after 2 years of treatment compared to 33.8% in the immigrant sample. Patients who achieve greater abstinence are those of Arab origin (52.3%). However, there is a better adherence in South America/Southern Cone (67.7%). The countries with the worst outcomes in abstinence are those in South America/Northern countries (26.2%) and those in Eastern Europe (29.1%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delirium is a clinical entity characterized by the presence of alterations of consciousness, accompanied by additional disruption of other cognitive functions, such as orientation, attention, memory, perception, and others; with a rapid onset and a fluctuating clinical course. Likewise, the etiology of delirium is variable, conceptualized as an unspecific dysregulation of brain metabolism, which may be due to an extensive spectrum of general medical conditions, as well as intoxication or abstinence of drugs and substances. The pathophysiologic foundation of delirium explains the high prevalence of this diagnosis in intensive care units (ICU), where gravely ill patients are ubiquitous. Delirium is associated with very high mortality, along with numerous adverse outcomes, and longer hospital stays. Upon this epidemiological panorama, opportune and certain treatment of delirium becomes a priority in ICU. A systematized focus should guide the approach to these patients in such a way that all relevant variables are managed without omissions, which occurs often with these patients. Therefore, this review summarizes current knowledge on the pathophysiology of delirium from a neurobiological perspective, and the fundamental points of its current treatments in ICU patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ideas y Valores is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of eHumanista is the property of Professor Antonio Cortijo-Ocana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo analiza la gula, uno de los pecados capitales en las finanzas y las manifestaciones de la gula en los negocios en la distribución de excedentes o ganancias. El artículo también analiza la glotonería de las reinversiones, la virtud de la Templanza y su promoción en las empresas a través de prácticas de gobierno corporativo, incluida la supervisión de la gestión de accionistas para crear valor sostenible.

The article "A gender perspective and fetal alcohol syndrome" addresses the issue of unwanted pregnancies in teenage girls and their relationship with gender-based violence. It highlights that alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause health problems in the fetus, such as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which is one of the leading causes of developmental disability. The importance of preventing FAS through educational programs that promote alcohol abstinence during pregnancy is emphasized. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based upon the idea that sustainable (prosocial, proenvironmental) actions are a kind of virtuous behavior, this study explores the relationship between three universal virtues -Humanity, Justice, Temperance - and four instances of sustainable behavior (SB) -altruistic, proecological, frugal and equitable actions - which are considered necessary for achieving the ideals of sustainable development. The responses of four hundred individuals, living in a northwestern Mexican city to the Inventory of Strengths and Virtues (VIA Survey, Peterson & Seligman, 2004), as well as an instrument assessing sustainable behavior, were processed within a structural equation model. This model produced first-order factors for the three analyzed virtues and the four types of sustainable behaviors. In turn, the group of virtues generated a second-order factor (Virtue) and the group of sustainable behaviors produced a secondorder factor (SB) as well. The covariation between the Virtue and SB factors was salient and significant, which seems to indicate that prosocial and proenvironmental behaviors have a virtuous nature, at least in regard to Humanity, Justice, and Temperance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can lead to different problems with different levels of severity, encompassed by the term Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Considering that a safe dose of alcohol during pregnancy has not been determined, the official recommendation of various national and international organizations is abstinence. However, the evidence indicates that although many women are aware that alcohol can alter fetal development, most of them believe that some consumption during pregnancy is acceptable. Through this study, we intend to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between knowledge, attitudes and drinking during pregnancy. To achieve this, we analyze semi structured interviews carried on with puerperal women in Argentina (n = 641). 70.4% of women reported having received some information about a potential adverse effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, but few of them had accurate information and only 6.1% mentioned a health professional as source. Information and attitudes were strongly linked. Attitudes were significantly associated to some alcohol consumption during pregnancy and to binge drinking during that period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Psicología (Santiago) is the property of Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To develop, through the construction of a narrative of the analytic experience, the vicissitudes of the analyst-analysand. Development: Exposing the analytical process that took place, the transference and countertransference and the importance of neutrality and abstinence even in handling difficult cases considered for the psychoanalytic method and technique. Conclusions: The analyst must be able to protect and take care of the analytical process, to allow this to be an experience for analyzing, copper meaning a link that looks creative and hopeful psychic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Signa is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The author discusses the controversial and exciting theme of countertransference, In this paper, he emphasizes the need of the analyst's presence during the time of the session and, in opposition to the cut, proposes the need to re-launch it in the direction of what the development of transference-countertransference provokes, promoted by this presence of the other and delineated by the rule of abstinence. Development: He begins on the basis that a-temporality and a-spatiality play a preponderant part in the achievement of both the patient's free association as well as the analyst's evenly suspended attention, which promotes the shaping of "transference facts" which gradually force successive insights. The analyst's advanced presence, his emotion and thoughts, origins of the incomparable influence of psychoanalysis in the development of the culture of the last century, expose him to affects and emotions provoked by the patient which are very difficult to work through. The magnitude of the anxiety reigning in today's world is extreme, and it seems that it is the task of psychoanalysis to perceive and anticipate what is to come and help it to be born. Conclusions: The author postulates the use of countertransference as one of the facets that differentiates psychoanalysis from the broad field of the psychotherapies. He mentions that the tendency to avoid it by important schools of thought in the contemporary practice of psychoanalysis places it in a controversial position, since it alludes tangentially to the relation that its exclusion may have to the tendency these days to "save" time, no matter what the cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important question in Aristotelian ethics is: How do we succeed in acquiring the mean state (μεσότηϛ) and ethical excellence (άρετή)? How do we become ethically good, and even happy by means of excellence in character? As an answer, especially in the context of temperance (σωφρσύνη), bodily pleasure (ήδµνή σω ματική) and desire ((έπιθυμία), Aristotle builds two metaphors by using passages from both the Iliad and the Odyssey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to examine the women's struggle for suffrage in the United States. The different stages of the process are analyzed in order to characterize each one. The West, land under the process of organization, appears as an important space in with women were able to develop their specific interests. Women's appeals are related to the Liberal Doctrine, which was important in order to legitimize them. Other kind of female activism is mentioned, such as women in temperance, wich was first established in some states before it became a constitutional amendment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mexico, alcohol and drug consumption has been a social problem for many years. Epidemiological studies show that moderate-to-high alcohol consumption has persisted in recent years, whereas in the case of illegal drugs consumption has become more widespread in both men and women. In fact, there is a tendency for consumption rates to level out between men and women, especially regarding legal drugs. Although most users are moderate consumers, between 5-10% are chronic consumers. It is necessary for these people to have access to a range of treatments that incorporate a system of examination and systematization. Consequently, in Mexico it is necessary to create new programs with a methodological structure that makes it possible to assess whether they assist in curtailing this social problem. One program that has proven to be effective is the Daily Satisfaction Program (DSP), which is based on the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA). CRA is notable as one of the most successful programs in helping chronic users of legal or illegal drugs in the United States to give up substance abuse. In Mexico, it was necessary to modify some of the elements of DSP in order to adapt it to our culture, but it has encouraged a significant reduction in consumption patterns among participating users. This is an intensive program that includes several components, due to the serious nature of the problem to be tackled. However, it is necessary to carry out a systematized assessment of each of these components that foster in the user not only a reduction in consumption but also an increase in the satisfaction found in day-to-day activities. In Mexican culture, there are strong social pressures that affect consumption. Consequently the refuse-to-consume component is one of the most important, as it provides the user with the necessary strategies to be able to decline in a situation with peer pressure and in those moments when impulsive thoughts occur that might trigger the consumption response in the subject. The refuse-to-consume skills that were assessed in users were: body language, assertive refusal, suggesting alternatives, changing the subject of conversation, offering an explanation, suspending interaction, confronting the offerer, and changing impulsive thoughts by using cognitivist restructuring. Some investigators have detected a correlation between high consumption levels and a low degree of self-efficacy in refusing consumption. According to this theory, low self-efficacy in refusing consumption is the most accurate indicator of consumption behavior and makes it possible to discriminate between different types of user. High self-efficacy in refusing consumption is associated with less frequent episodes of consumption. With regard to motivation, these authors suggest that better self-efficacy in refusing consumption when offered the substance or in response to impulsive thoughts has an influence on the decision to consume or not to consume. In order to achieve a higher degree of self-efficacy in refuse-to-consume skills, it is necessary to control certain body responses that denote the desire or wish to consume. Some of these responses are: avoidance of eye contact, trembling, stuttering, blushing, sweating, palpitations, etc. The physiological responses associated with consumption are still displayed after the user has been through a period of nonconsumption. They may be triggered by words associated with consumption or by watching videos of people who are consuming. Responses of this kind may be explained from a classical conditioning viewpoint, whereby a given stimulus provokes a given type of response.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: a better understanding of risk factors for suicide in general population is crucial for the design of suicide prevention programs. Our objective was to identify personal and family risk factors in suicide attempters. Methods: case-control design. We searched in patients with an acute intoxication, those subjects with and intoxication attributable to suicide attempt. These patients were matched with controls by gender and the date of intoxication. We use a structured questionnaire to identify personal characteristics, family features and network support. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval were obtained. Results: 25 cases and 25 controls were evaluated. The risk factors associated with suicide attempt adjusted by age, were being a student and smoking habits. Family violence background showed OR = 3.8 (IC 95% = 1.1-13), family disintegration a OR = 8.5 (IC 95% = 2.1-35), critical events background OR = 8.8 (IC 95% = 2.1-36), poor self-esteem OR = 8.2 (IC 95% 2-35), depression OR = 22 (IC 95% = 3-190), anxiety OR = 9 (IC 95% = 2-47), family dysfunction OR = 25 (IC 95% = 4-151). Conclusions: the principal risk factor for suicide attempt was family dysfunction and psychological traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Desacatos is the property of Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropologia Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the Modernity, the classic concept of virtue -including temperance- was underestimated, even scorned, and finally forgotten. Lately, many authors trying to recover virtue ethics, have turned toward the aristotelic-tomistic tradition, but few of them pay attention to temperance. This research focuses on the nature and philosophical basis of the virtue of temperance in the doctrine of Thomas of Aquinas, who was able to unify two different ethic traditions -Aristotelian and Augustinian- in a single and brilliant one. Among the different aspects of the virtue of temperance that are discussed in this paper, the following are stressed: difference between temperance and abstinence, role of embarrassment and moral beauty love in temperance education, and connections among temperance, interior freedom, and psychological health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the early colonial era, Spanish and creole writers from across Spanish America have alleged that drunkenness was a defining characteristic of indigenous culture. This essay offers an interpretation of that torrent of discourse. Through a comparison of nineteenth-century and colonial discussions of indigenous drinking the essay excavates the changing contours of the elite understanding of the 'drunken Indian', and considers the reasons for that figure's persistent vitality within the creole imagination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Virtue as political affiliation: Temperance Movement and the fight against alcohol in Chile, 1870-1930, analizes the origin and development of temperance organizations since 1870 until 1930 in Chile. This article exposes the political and religious principles and diferences into temperance movement. Likewise, is discussed the State relations whit the anti-alcoholist movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate a conceptual model to explain alcohol and drugs abstinence in persons that meet the DSM-IV dependence criteria. This study incorporated and evaluated the conceptual proposal of the Integrated Model of Everyday Satisfaction. The structure of this model is based on the Niaura's Dynamic Regulatory Model and the Social Learning Theory that included the classical conditioning, the operant and the vicar to explain the dependent-consumption and incorporated some of the criticisms to the different cognitive-behavioral models, as the need to measure, by means of a direct observation, the specific type of skills used by the consumption-dependent users when facing everyday situations; as well as identifying changes of the functioning of the variables making up the model at the moment of turning towards abstinence; it also considered the indicators that the variable everyday satisfaction has been poorly studied and not been included in the study of conceptual models. Thus, the proposed conceptual model: Integrated Model of Everyday Satisfaction, included the following variables: consumption, precipitators, self-efficacy, everyday satisfaction, as well as variables measuring the facing of specific situations: communication, problem-solving, refusal of consumption, depression and anxiety. These variables were evaluated in an intentional, non-probabilistic sample with 20 dependent users of addictive substances, before and after the cognitive-behavioral intervention adapted to the Mexican population. This intervention model included the following components: Functional Analysis, Demonstration of Non-Consumption, Daily Life Goals, Communication, Problem Solving, Consumption Refusal, Marriage Guidance, Employment Searches, Recreational and Social Skills, Emotional Self-Control and Prevention of Relapses. The pre-post-test evaluation methods were: Retrospective Baseline, Situational Confidence Scale and/or Drug Consumption Self Confidence Scale, Daily Life Satisfaction Scale, Inventories of Drug Consumption Situations and/or Inventories of Alcohol Consumption Situations, Beck's Inventories for Depression and Anxiety. Occurrence records were used to assess the video-filmed behavioral assays of consumption refusal, problem-solving and communication. The didactic techniques used in the training were: verbal instruction, modeling, behavioral trials and feedback. In the scaled analysis, the Model showed, at the moment of consumption, solidity accounting for 95% of the variance. At this moment, significantly related to the variables: risk situations, selfefficacy to avoid consumption, everyday satisfaction and anxiety. Dependent consumers, showed bigger diversity and intensity of risk situations previously associated to consumption, reduction of facing skills that caused their insecurity to refuse consumption, increased of their physical symptoms of anxiety and decreased of everyday satisfaction related with their poor functioning in different areas of daily living. The increase of anxiety was an indicator of manifested abstinence syndrome, and confirmed that the used filter criterion, showed sensitivity to attract target population; in turn, anxiety as precipitator confirmed, was sustained by the conditioned withdrawal model. Refusal of consumption, communication and problem-solving at the moment of consumption in the user prior to the training were not significantly associated, indicating the need to acquire and develop these skills in the behavioral repertoire.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have compared the Ethics Codes of the Psychologists' Associations of the Argentine Republic. They were analyzed in their national (Psychologists' Federation of the Argentine Republic), provincial (Provinces of Buenos Aires, Chaco, Chubut, Córdoba, Jujuy, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, San Juan, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán) and municipal (City of Buenos Aires) scopes in order to identify how they treat abstinence and neutrality. We could observe that both are therein considered by virtue of the limits of the psychologist's relation and duties with his/her patients. We could conclude that the codes consider the psychological therapy in terms of a relationship assumed by conscious and free subjects and, on that basis, they analyze the professional's duties. On the other hand, the Freudian abstinence and neutrality concepts imply a complement to this treatment since they arise from another level of connection among the participants in a therapy. Finally, some proposals are posed in the codes to offer a deontological ground as from which a clinical therapy supported by abstinence and neutrality can be preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses how possible it is to use a psychoanalytical approach to treat patients with drug addiction. Main concepts of the so called "classics" are analysed discussing if drug addiction can be considered a psychoanalytical sympton, an expression of unconscious conflicts. Three steps of the process leading to an addiction are distinguished. The concept of "subjective rectification" of Lacan is presented, aiming to discuss the entrance process to a treatment from a psychoanalytical point of view. The need of abstinence is discussed. A proposal is made to set a technically flexible approach, in order to include all the therapeutic instances and elements required without giving up a psychoanalytical point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los autores revisaron la bibliografía que examinaba la validez y la importancia clínica del síndrome de abstinencia de Cannabis. Se revisaron brevemente los resultados procedentes de estudios experimentales con animales y se analizaron con mayor profundidad los estudios clínicos y experimentales realizados en seres humanos. Las pruebas convergentes obtenidas en estudios clínicos y experimentales básicos indican que el síndrome de abstinencia se presenta, sistemáticamente, después de suspender el consumo intenso y continuado de Cannabis o tetrahidrocannabinol. Los principales síntomas son, fundamentalmente, emocionales y comportamentales, aunque también se comunican a menudo cambios de apetito, pérdida de peso y malestar físico. El inicio y la evolución temporal de estos síntomas son similares a los de síndromes de abstinencia de otras sustancias. El alcance y la gravedad de estos síntomas son considerables y los resultados indican que el síndrome tiene relevancia clínica. Se proponen unos criterios diagnósticos para el síndrome de abstinencia de Cannabis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Main theme: History of Ethics. Offers material to think about Ethics as a philosophical problem as well as a practical one. A complete artistotelian text in a Spanish translation from a classical English translation is presented. It includes an Introduction that: 1) Contextualizes the text. 2) Analyzes its formal structure as a didactic method to teach values. 3) Offers and interpretation about how the Ethics of a greek was appropriated by the Roman Catholic Church. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]