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Although the theses of modern contractualists are varied and have different nuances, they share a conceptual link: they maintain that normative bonds have a conventional (contractual) origin in which the sovereignty of the individual is situated as the starting point. This article analyzes whether Kant is a contractualist in the manner of his contemporaries. The characterizations of the notions of "contract" and "original contract" are reviewed, Kant's position on the duty to leave the state of nature is analyzed, and the main functions of the original contract are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Argentine Society of Rheumatology/Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Reumatología is the property of Editorial Biotecnologica S.R.L and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contrastes: Revista Internacional de Filosofia is the property of Contrastes: Revista Internacional de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cooperation between countries benefits their growth and development, thus, competitive advantage is one of the essential elements to impulse their process of innovation and progress. The importance of this paperwork is to get closer to the possibility to go from the dependence on comparative advantages towards the development of competitive advantages in the Mexican agricultural sector through bilateral cooperation between Mexico and South Korea. Following the successful experience of the former on its economic development, specifically, the Saemaul movement, whose long-range strategy was able to bring Korean people a more equal income. It was found that there are political conditions that allow intergovernmental cooperation, which would have a possible positive impact on agricultural competitiveness by enhancing this factor through the use of techniques and strategies that strengthen food security in the domestic market of both nations, especially in rural development in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Carta Económica Regional is the property of Universidad de Guadalajara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Escritura e Imagen is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a systematic proposal of the concept of freedom in the Kantian doctrine of Right. The main arguments found in the discussion between Henry E. Alisson and Lewis Beck are presented. The article argues that freedom in the doctrine of Right is not only negative, but also practical and transcendental. This interpretation has, as its starting point, the concept of freedom in the Third Antinomy of the Critique of pure reason. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Vitamin D has been involved in various diseases, including cancer. Several studies have linked vitamin D levels with breast cancer. The aim of our study was to establish the importance of adequate vitamin D concentrations to prevent breast cancer. Materials and methods: The study included 76 patients. Dietary habits, sun exposure, body mass index (BMI), and skin type were evaluated. Vitamin D determination in serum was measured by liquid chromatography. Vitamin D receptor pleomorphism was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Vitamin D ingestion was deficient in 18 patients and 22 controls; and sufficient in 6 patients and 30 controls, odds ratio of 4.09, confidence interval 95% 1.04-11.0, (p=0.016). Sun exposure was present in 9 patients and 15 controls; 15 patients and 37 controls had less sun exposure or used protection. Two patients and 13 controls had normal levels of vitamin D (30-60), two patients and 26 controls had low levels (20-30), and 18 patients and 12 controls had very low levels (<20). Odds ratio for patients with vitamin D serum levels of 20 ng/mL or less, or higher was 9, CI 95% 2.95-27.5, (p<0.001). These levels were independent from BMI. Conclusion: Low concentrations of vitamin D are strongly related to breast cancer in a region with high solar exposure. More studies are needed to confirm this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Quaestio Iuris (QI) is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents an empirical model to estimate to what extent social security systems have served as an automatic stabilizer in select Latin American countries (Brazil, Mexico, Costa Rica and Chile), to measure the impact of social security as a counter-cyclical lever at the public policy level. Our estimate finds certain counter-cyclical features on the side of contributions, although expenditures for benefits did not reveal significant effects. On the net level, significant inflationary effects cancel each other out. Undoubtedly, maintaining a prudent macroeconomic approach is also a guarantee of welfare for growing numbers of pensioners. As such, it is imperative to strengthen these programs as part of a series of public policies that not only serve to eliminate poverty among vulnerable groups, but also to ensure important and unrecognized macroeconomic features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo presenta una respuesta del autor a una reseña de su libro "El hombre y la técnica: Hacia una nueva filosofía política de la ciencia y la tecnología," la cual fue escrito por Luis Camacho Naranjo. Comenta sobre los conceptos centrales de su libro, incluyendo la justicia, la racionalidad y la cultura.

This article will present a simple model on the process of creative destruction present in various principles common to both neoclassical and Marxian economic theory. From the theoretical models of Marx, Schumpeter and Samuelson, and from a working model by this author, we will seek to demonstrate that, if we recognize as valid the assumption that in the labor theory of value, new productive processes "destroy" the value of a product within a simple, hypothetical economy where labor receives all value product without any external appropriation of surplus value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work proposes a learning organization in the theoretical model. This presentation paper makes a part of the work of investigation that is developed inside the line of investigation in management of the knowledge, in the project Organisational Learning. This model proposal tries to predict the independent denominated "sources of organizational learning, subjects of organizational learning, culture for organizational learning and conditions for organizational learning, In such reason, this was necessary to determine the organizational learning as a variable of the staying power of the organizations through competitive advantages, the opposite will occur for those organizations who still drag aged structural characteristics. In order to locate the administrative implications of the organizational learning it is precise to briefly characterize the context with which this one begins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Thorax - Edición Española is the property of Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: Los adultos con retraso mental tienen antecedentes de déficit cognitivos y adaptativos que plantean desafíos éticos singulares a la evaluación del consentimiento para la investigación. Este estudio examinó la capacidad de personas con retraso mental para dar su consentimiento a la participación en ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Métodos: Un total de 150 adultos(50 en cada una de las categorías retraso mental leve y moderado y 50 individuos de control sin retraso mental) respondieron a una serie de preguntas de consentimiento para un ensayo clínico aleatorizado hipotético que evaluaba un medicamento para trastornos agresivos. Se evaluaron la inteligencia, la conducta adaptativa, los antecedentes de tratamientos médicos y los antecedentes de consentimientos. Se utilizaron métodos unifactoriales y multifactoriales para comparar el rendimiento dentro de los grupos y entre ellos. Resultados: Los individuos del grupo de comparación tuvieron puntuaciones significativamente mayores en las medidas de capacidad de dar el consentimiento que los participantes con retraso mental leve, los cuales a su vez tuvieron puntuaciones mayores que aquellos con retraso mental moderado. La mayoría de los individuos con retraso mental fueron capaces de realizar una el ección sobre la partidpación, y muchos entendieron los métodos de investigación y apreciaron el trastorno del protagonista y las consecuencias de participar. Casi la mitad de los que tenían un retraso mental leve entendió las medidas de proteoción para los seres humanos. El rendimiento fue más bajo en la comprensión del propósito de la investigación yen el razonamiento acerca de la partidpación, lo que sugiere vulnerabilidad a las ideas erróneas sobre el tratamiento. Los factores psiquiátricos y la experiencia no predijeron la capacidad de dar el consentimiento. Conclusiones: Aunque los adultos con retraso mental, como grupo, presentaron déficit para dar el consentimiento, muchos obtuvieron puntuacionesen la capacidad para dar el consentimiento similares a las delos individuos de control. Los investigadores deberían considerar las diferencias individuales y un formato de consentimiento adecuado a los déficit en el lenguaje, la memoria y la atención antes de limitar las oportunidades de dar el consentimiento alas personas con retraso mental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo discurre sobre la importancia del asesoramiento jurídico en los procesos de reasentamiento de refugiados. La autora comenta sobre el uso de representantes legales para ayudar en la toma de decisiones relacionadas con el reasentamiento. También se considera el rol de los abogados en la recopilación de documentos legales en este proceso.

This article examines transformations in the Chilean Patagonia, a region that has become a world leader in Salmon production for global markets. Employing ethnographic methods, this study examines the possibilities of considering inter-subjectivities in the processes of conforming important regions in the global production of foods in contrast to some perspectives that emphasize inter-objectivity in analyzing human and non-human relations. In a complex and globalized world, assembly theory permits us to understand how forms of bio-power stimulate regional transformations that then generate new relationships between life, agency and nature. The analysis focuses on experiments, encounters and affects, decentering conventional perspectives about the domestication of species, regional development and food production. It opens a debate about the potentialities and limits of non-lineal interpretations of reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good occupational choices prevent to a large extent conflicts that may arise between personal preferences and working tasks. On the basis of this premise, the general aim of this study is to contribute towards the implementation of a process of vocational guidance based on sound psychological principles. The participants were 184 students, 90 from the first and 94 from the fourth year of three areas of Higher Education (Engineering, Agronomy and Art/Design). In specific terms, we set out to establish: (a) if there is a relation between the measures of basic personality functions and epistemic styles; (b) if there is a relation between a particular configuration of these measures (empirical profile) and the theoretical profile estimated for the chosen field of study by the students; and (c) if the systematic exposure to the study plan of each area (fourth years) led to a reinforcement of the configuration of the styles observed in the first year students. The results show a good deal of congruence between the measures with the two scales and confirm the theoretical profile predicted for each area of study. However, the training given in each area tends to eliminate the distinctive attributes of these profiles rather than accentuating them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancement radiation dermatitis is a rare and interesting entity whose mechanism is currently unknown. We report the case of a patient diagnosed with melanoma and brain metastases who was on treatment with temozolamide and phenytoin, and shortly after receiving whole brain holocraneal radiotherapy, patient developed toxic epidermal necrolysis beginning at the scalp. The pathogenesis of this reaction is unknown and many unsuccessfully efforts have been made to try to explain it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developmental dyslexia is a disorder characterized by difficulties in reading acquisition. Recently, dyslexia has been related to four different genes which are prone-risk candidates: DYX1C1, KIAA0319, DCDC2, and ROBO1. These four genes participate in brain development, and anomalies in that development comprise the known elements of the biological constellation underlying dyslexia. The induction of similar brain development anomalies in experimental animals produces problems in the processing of certain sounds. In humans, similar sound processing problems are related to a reading acquisition disorder. Consequently, for the first time it is possible to delineate a tentative path between a genetic characteristic, brain development variations, and behavioral and cognitive disorders related to dyslexia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]