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Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: the global incidence of perinatal stroke is one in every 1,100 live births. Ischemic infarction is the most frequent, accounting for 90% of published cases. The most common presentation is focal or generalized seizures (70 to 90% of cases). Clinical case: a 40-weekold female newborn was born from the third pregnancy of a 31-year-old mother. A third-trimester ultrasound was performed reporting a normal fetal Doppler of the left middle cerebral artery (LMCA). An emergency caesarean section due to category II fetal heart rate, meconiumstained fluid, and lack of progression of labor was performed; two cycles of positive pressure ventilation and endotracheal intubation were required; Apgar score was 3, 5, 7. A point of care ultrasound (POCUS) was performed with cranial ultrasound (CU) at two days of age showing with LMCA vasodilation. At 10 days of age, a follow-up POCUS was performed diagnosing a neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS). At this moment, the neurological examination was normal. A comprehensive approach was performed, ruling out infections, autoimmune disease, and hereditary thrombophilia. Treatment with enoxaparin was prescribed. Seizures occurred until six months of age, and West Syndrome was diagnosed. Conclusions: surveillance in neonate with neurological risk, follow-up by POCUS, even with a normal neurolosgical examination, allows detection of complications such a neonatal arterial ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Variants of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are inferquents. A case of left carotid agenesis is presented. The carotid agenesis was found in a male who was studied for dysphagia, finding a posterior fossa tumor and the aforementioned variant. In this case, the anterior cerebral artery was originated from the contralateral ICA, while the middle cerebral artery did so from the posterior circulation (Basilar artery). Carotid agenesis can be seen in less than one case per 1,000 arteriograms, and its diagnosis is generally casual. However, it can be associated with cerebrovascular accidents or the presence of intracranial aneurysms. We consider this report of interest because of the rare occurrence of this developmental anomaly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac myxoma is a benign neoplasm, when it is located in the left atrium it is potentially associated with systemic embolism, and it is a rare cause of cerebral embolism. The diagnosis of cardiac myxoma is usually incidental, being found as a results of searching for other clinical conditions. We present the case of a patient who probably had a cardiac myxoma of the left atrium that induced a malignant infarction in the territory of the left medial cerebral artery, bedside heart ultrasound was a relevant diagnostic procedure in this patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the level of knowledge regarding the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of maternal isoimmunisation among Gynaecology and Obstetrics specialists, members of ABP (Asociación Bogotana de Perinatología). Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study. A questionnaire prepared by specialists in Maternal and Foetal Medicine (MFM) was administered between November 2012 and March 2013. Professionals practicing outside the national territory, those who had not practiced over the past ten years, and those who did not provide all the information required were excluded. The tool consisted of 18 questions organized in three domains: socio-demographic characteristics, information about clinical practice, and knowledge of the subject. A descriptive statistical analysis was used. Results: Of the 220 practitioners who were given the questionnaire, 127 (57.7%) completed the survey and were included in the analysis. The cutoff point for the indirect Coombs was correctly identified by 32% of the obstetricians and by 45% of the specialists in MFM. The role of middle cerebral artery velocimetry for the diagnosis of foetal anaemia was recognized by 43% and 62% of obstetricians and specialists in MFM, and 82% and 76%, respectively, would use it for the follow-up of foetuses with anaemia. Only 76% of obstetricians and 66% of MFM specialists recognized the indications for delivering the baby in cases of foetal anaemia, whereas 90% and 97%, respectively, identified the timing for cordocentesis and in utero transfusion. Finally, 37% of obstetricians and 48% of MFM specialists did not recognize the Queenan- Liley curve as an option in cases where there is no access to foetal Doppler. Conclusion: There is an important variability in the level of knowledge among obstetricians and MFM specialists regarding the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of pregnant women with isoimmunisation. Additional studies are required to characterize the variability in clinical practice regarding the diagnosis and treatment of maternal isoimmunisation in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The early branches of the middle cerebral artery are cortical branches that arise from the trunk of this artery. These branches can supply significant areas in the temporal, frontal or insular lobes. Therefore, their occlusion may lead to ischemia and potential sequelae. We studied 20 cerebral hemispheres of formalin-fixed adult cadavers and 20 silvian angiographies in order to compare and correlate them. In the anatomical specimens, the middle cerebral artery ended bifurcating in 100% of the cases and such bifurcation occurred at the sphenoidal segment (M1) in most cases. Early branches ranging from 1 to 4 were found in 80% of the cases, totalizing 28 arteries, out of which 23 had a temporal destination and 5 a frontal one. In the angiographic material, the middle cerebral artery ended in a bifurcation pattern in 95% of the cases. This bifurcation occurred mostly at M1 as well. Early branches were found in 70% of the cases, which totalized 19 branches. Sixteen of them were temporal branches, 1 was frontal and the other 2 could not be determined. We consider that the anatomical and angiographic data obtained at this and other studies are useful when it comes to planify the clipping of silvian aneurysms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología is the property of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología is the property of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Orbitofrontal syndrome is an organic mental disorder characterized by cognitive, affective and behavioral alterations, triggered by the suppression of the inhibiting cerebral mechanisms. Clinical case. A 19 year-old woman developed a «change of personality» in the context of an aneurysm operation in the middle cerebral artery, with serious behavioral alterations during one year. After the drug treatment was established, there was significant reduction in the intensity of the psychopathology. Furthermore, the utility of psychotherapy in the improvement of the familiar management was affirmed. Conclusions. Orbitofrontal syndrome implies damage to any of the structures and connections included in the orbitofrontal system. The psychopathological overlapping with some psychiatric disorders opens the possibility of greater understanding of the biological bases of the mental disease. Because of the deficit in the metacognitive capacity and high dependency on environmental stimuli, it seems that behavioral techniques such as psychotherapy would be the treatments of choice for this type of patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología is the property of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses using Doppler imaging to study the middle cerebral artery as a way to diagnose fetal anemia. The objective of this study was to examine recent investigations on fetal anemia and to eventually give non-invasive recommendations for improving the diagnostic process. While amniocentesis and cordocentisis have been used for years, they have proven to be invasive and are associated with several medical risk factors. Because of this, Doppler ultrasonography has become a popular method of correctly diagnosing fetal anemia in a non-invasive manner.

Objetivo: comparar desenlaces clínicos y radiológicos de pacientes con aneurismas de arteria cerebral media (ACM) tratados mediante clipaje microquirúrgico o terapia endovascular. Antecedentes: la localización de los aneurismas intracraneales puede influir en su modalidad de tratamiento y desenlaces. Si bien existe evidencia a favor del clipaje en los aneurismas de ACM, los estudios que comparan el manejo quirúrgico y el tratamiento endovascular reportan resultados variables y en ocasiones no concluyentes. Métodos: estudio comparativo retrospectivo que incluyó a todos los pacientes con aneurismas saculares de ACM tratados en nuestro centro desde 2015 a 2019. Los pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos según el tratamiento recibido. Se realizó un análisis comparativo de las variables clínicas y demográficas de la población, así como las variables morfológicas de los aneurismas tratados. Se realizó también un análisis comparativo de los desenlaces clínicos (estado funcional, resangrado, eventos isquémicos, mortalidad, reintervención) y radiológicos (presencia de aneurismas residuales) a 12 meses entre ambos grupos. Número de registro del protocolo: 128/19. Resultados: se incluyeron 77 pacientes con 95 aneurismas, de los cuales 50 (65%) se sometieron a clipaje y 27 (35%) fueron tratados con terapia endovascular. No existieron diferencias en las variables demográficas entre ambos grupos. Si bien existió una mayor proporción de aneurismas rotos tratados quirúrgicamente, no existió una diferencia significativa en la morfología o la localización de estos. No se observaron diferencias significativas en desenlaces clínicos durante el seguimiento de ambos grupos. Se demostró una menor proporción de aneurismas residuales en el grupo de manejo quirúrgico (OR 0.09; CI95 0.03-0.27, p<0.001), diferencia que se mantuvo en el subanálisis de aneurismas rotos. Conclusiones: en pacientes con aneurismas de ACM, el desenlace clínico es similar entre el clipaje microquirúrgico y el tratamiento endovascular. Sin embargo, el clipaje se asocia a un menor riesgo de aneurismas residuales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: acute otitis media is a frequent disease in the pediatric age. About 2 % of all cases develop intracranial complications such as meningitis. The cerebral infarction originates meningitis and usually occurs in the venous system. The presence of a cerebral artery infarction secondary to acute otitis media is a rare cause described in the literature. Clinical case: a girl of 12 months who presented a febrile syndrome due to acute otitis media and mental confusion. On physical examination, appeared sleepy, anisocoria, mydriasis in the right eye and left hemiparesis. The computed tomography examination showed extensive cerebral artery infarction. The patient's parents refused the proposed surgical treatment and the girl died 48 hours later. Conclusions: regardless of the current technological advances, the clinical prognosis of cerebral infarction associated with acute otitis media is bad. The focused neurological signs and progressive clinical deterioration should raise suspicion that antimicrobial therapy is not effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]