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Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales is the property of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales del Centro Agropecuario Sena Buga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Informacion Tecnica Economica Agraria is the property of Asociacion Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario (AIDA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Estudiantil AGRO - VET is the property of Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Facultad de Agronomia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Themis: Revista de Derecho is the property of Themis Asociacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ingenieria, Matematicas y Ciencias de la Informacion is the property of Corporacion Universitaria Republicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Over the last years, the impact of food systems on human and planetary health has been appointed. The transition towards more sustainable and healthier diets is postulated as an urgent measure to address the increasing environmental and health concerns related to the current food production and consumption systems. This work reviews recent developments to integrate sustainability into dietary recommendations and food-based dietary guidelines, recognising the role of cereals as the basis for healthy sustainable dietary patterns. It is worth noting that a change in current eating patterns, to achieve greater adherence to existing official dietary guidelines, is proposed as a more realistic and feasible goal to improve the environmental and health impact of food systems. In this context, cereals play a key role as fundamental pillar of healthy and sustainable dietary patterns, due to their energy and nutrient contribution to human diet worldwide, and the different health benefits associated with an adequate intake of grain fibre and wholegrains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Lainoamericana de Dermatologia Veterinaria SLDV is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Dermatologia Veterinaria SLDV and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To evaluate the potentiality of the microbial consortium Curvularia kusanoi L7- Trichoderma pleuroticola as biological pretreatment of high fiber sources destined for animal production. Materials and methods. The Strains used where Curvularia kusanoi L7 and Trichoderma pleuroticola. The degradative potential was evaluated through the production kinetics of cellulolytic (endo-1,4-β- glucanase and exo-1,4-β-glucanase) and ligninolytics enzymes (laccase and peroxidase) in solid submerged fermentation of bran wheat and sugarcane bagasse. The growth of the co culture in plates was analyzed. The effect of the consortium on the carbon mineralization of raw wheat straw was determined and the degree of fiber degradation was evaluated by infrared spectroscopy (IR). Resulted. Both strains showed high cellulolytic production. Only C. kusanoi L7 showed ligninolytic activity, with a maximum laccase activity of 1400 U/L. No antagonism was found between the strains and the results of carbon mineralization and evaluation of their final products by IR indicate the effectiveness of the consortium to degrade the cell wall more efficiently than each of the strains individually. Conclusions. It is concluded that the microbial consortium C. kusanoi L7-T. pleuroticola has great potential for structural modification of fibrous sources destined for animal feeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Técnica Industrial: Revista Cuatrimestral de Ingeniería, Industria e Innovación is the property of Fundacion Tecnica Industrial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At present, the interest of using waste materials and byproducts from concrete has increased, due to the need for minimizing pollution on our planet. The present document aims to systematically review the literature regarding the implementation of steel residues in the concrete mix, and how this influences its physical-mechanical behavior. It has focused mainly on steel residues in the form of slag, filings, shavings, and fibers; incorporated in all types of structural concrete, used in columns, beams, footings, slabs, and walls. The use of these materials has a high impact because it helps reduce the cost of manufacturing cement and concrete, and also provides numerous ecological benefits, such as reducing the cost of landfills, saving energy, and protecting the environment from possible contamination. The indexed articles were searched in the following databases: ASCE, EBSCO, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus y SpringerOpen, finally selecting a total of 60 articles published since 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Academica Ciencia Animal is the property of Revista Academica Ciencia Animal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Terra Latinoamericana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Objectives: Canary Islands bananas represent the only native cultivar of Musa spp. present in Spanish territory. Since 2013, it has the Protected Geographical Indication label, which confers an additional value to this fruit. Bananas from the Canary Islands have certain organoleptic properties that make them stand out from among other commonly consumed Musa spp. However, to date, no studies have been reported including an extended nutritional composition of this product. Methods: the present work shows the main nutritional components of bananas from the Canary Islands as determined by different analytical techniques (mainly liquid chromatography, spectroscopy, spectrophotometry, and polarimetry) when at their best in terms of ripeness (grade 6). Moreover, potential nutrition claims relating to their composition were proposed using the current legislation. Results: the fruit's remarkable content, edible portion, in vitamin B6 (0.52 g/100 g), dietary fiber (2.22 g/100 g), potassium (419.9 mg/100 g), and vitamin C (12.35 mg/100 g) should be highlighted. Additionally, these components could appear on nutritional labeling as claims, according to current European regulations. Conclusions: a daily consumption of one Canary Islands banana contributes to the recommended dietary intake of vitamin B6, vitamin C, potassium, and dietary fiber. The high nutritional value of this fruit enhances its presence in the Mediterranean eating pattern, being remarkable as a local product with excellent nutritional properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modulation of the human gut microbiota is emerging as a plausible approach to promoting health and preventing and treating disease. Changes in dietary macronutrients, mainly in carbohydrates, exert specific effects on the human gut microbiota. Specifically, there is evidence that supports that dietary fiber may influence the abundance, diversity, and metabolism of the human gut microbiota. This work contributes to the understanding of the impact of intact cereal fiber consumption on the gut microbiota of healthy adults. The strongest evidence points to the role of wheat bran and wholegrain wheat fiber promoting gut microbiota diversity, since wheat fiber demonstrated the most consistent prebiotic effects, with demonstrable effects, with an increase in wheat fiber as low as 6 g/day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, in Colombia there are old and poorly productive crops of fique (Furcraea macrophylla Baker) crops. The objective of the present investigation was to determine if the "canopy pruning" works as a rehabilitation practice. The evaluation was carried out on plants with different times after pruning, 0 (control without pruning), 12, 36 and 72 months. The statistical design used was a randomized complete block (RCBD) with four treatments and four blocks. It was determined that the rehabilitation time for a crop to produce fiber with an appropriate length for the market was 16 months, less time than that produced by a crop sown from seed. This practice improved vegetative growth and productive capacity in plants 36 and 72 months after pruning, exhibiting increases of 77 and 277 % in fiber yield respectively. With the results of this investigation, it is concluded that the implementation of this practice is an agronomically feasible strategy to rehabilitate fique crops because improve growth and production of plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To quantify the concentration and consumption of the protein fragments (NPN, TP, RDTP, SDTP, NDIP, and ADIP) present in the diet supplied to cattle, and its effect on the digestibility of crude protein. Materials and methods. Diets offered to Chino Santandereano cattle in stables were analyzed, receiving different levels of supplementation, using four animals in the 4x4 Latin square outline, the treatments being: NS, not supplemented; LOW, supplemented with an amount relative to 0.5% of body weight; MEDIUM, supplemented with an amount relative to 1.0% of body weight; HIGH, supplemented with a quantity relative to 1.5% of body weight. Consumption was determined daily, and digestibility through total stool collection in the last two days of each period. Results. A higher concentration of crude protein was found in supplement compared to grass (p<0.001), the forage exhibiting a higher concentration of CPNPN (p<0.001), at the same time, that the supplement presented higher concentration of TP (p<0.001) and RDTP (p=0.027). Supplemented animals presented higher consumption of CP, CPNPN (p=0.037), TP, NDIP, RDTP, ADIP and SDTP (p<0.05), however, when the concentration that represents the consumption of ADIP in the consumption of CP was determined, no difference was observed between supplemented and NS (p=0.078). Higher digestibility of CP was found in supplemented animals when contrasted with NS (p<0.001), an upward linear effect was observed between supplemented treatments as the level of supplementation increased. Conclusions. Supplementation improves the digestibility of crude protein by providing a greater amount of highly digestible nitrogenous fragments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to determine the effect of age and climate on the chemical composition of Cenchrus purpureus in degraded ecosystems of Cuba. An experiment was carried out in two welldefined periods: slightly rainy (January to April) and rainy (July to October). The treatments (regrowth ages: 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 105 days) were distributed in a randomized block design with four replicas. The structural constituents of the cell wall, minerals (calcium and phosphorus), and digestibility of dry and organic matter were determined. The neutral detergent fiber showed a behavior defined by the climatic season (72.37%) in rains and 69.67% in few rains). The elements of the climate showed a high relationship with the chemical composition and linear regression models were adjusted with high coefficients of determination, greater than 0.71 in the two periods evaluated; the rainfall and maximum temperature variables were the ones that provided the greatest adjustments. With the increase in age, the quality of the plant decreased, and of climatic factors, rainfall and maximum temperature are those that most affect the nutritional quality of the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the implementation of a low fruit diet model in three species of primates under human care. Health problems associated with inadequate diets in primates, such as obesity and gastrointestinal issues, have been reported. The proposed feeding model replaces fruit with fibrous foods such as vegetables and forage. Twenty individuals were selected to evaluate the impact of the model on their health, and an increase in consumption and an improvement in the primates' coat condition and behavior were observed. It is concluded that the decrease in sugars and the increase in fiber generated digestive and behavioral benefits. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this paper is to describe the influence of the fibre inclination and the width of the growth rings on the deformations (warping), in the radial direction of the sawn wood (post drying) of Pinus caribaea Morelet, var. caribaea. One hundred sawn wood pieces were taken from three positions in the log, at different distances from the pith in the radial direction, coded as A (12 cm), B (24 cm) and C (36 cm). To measure the width of the growing rings, a callipers was used, taking a referential position in the horizontal direction. The inclination of the fibre was measured using a pointed piece and a tape measure and the length of the sides was determined: the opposite cathetus and the hypotenuse of the triangle formed and applying the expression the studied angle was determined. As a result, it was obtained that the inclination of the fibre, the width of the growth rings and warping decrease towards the bark. The correlation coefficient between warping and fibre inclination is 0.372 and between warping and ring width is r = 0.859. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Inventum. Ingenieria, Tecnologia e Investigacion is the property of Corporacion Universitaria Minuto de Dios and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Chronic constipation affects 14% of the world's population. It leads to high costs for health systems due to diverse treatments. Frequently, patients and doctors have erroneous perceptions about constipation's etiology, complications and treatment. Materials and methods: Patients with chronic constipation were surveyed at the outpatient clinic of a gastroenterology service of a university institution. The most frequent erroneous beliefs regarding the condition found among patients diagnosed with constipation were investigated. Results: A total of 278 patients who met the inclusion criteria were surveyed. Ninety-eight percent consider that chronic constipation is the cause of hemorrhoids, eighty-six percent believe that it leads to poisoning, and seventy-eight percent believe that it causes colon cancer. Other misconceptions were that low fiber consumption causes constipation (79%) and that low levels of physical activity cause constipation (52%). Fifty-five percent do not consider that high fiber diets (55%) or regular exercise (69%) are useful for treatment. The most frequent observation was abundant consumption of fiber without improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

¿Es posible generar un material resistente a partir de fibras naturales? El hormigón es indispensable y esencial para nuestras vidas, actualmente el 70% de la población mundial habita en edificaciones con estructuras de hormigón, ¿Es posible remplazar este material por un compuesto a base de fibras naturales? por supuesto, gracias a las necesidades de aprovechar al máximo los recursos actuales se han logrado grandes avances en la evolución de muchos materiales de ingeniería, tanto que ahora la innovación en estos tienen como protagonistas a las fibras naturales capaces de generar estructuras con propiedades mecánicas considerables en cuanto a compresión, tracción, dureza, resistencia al impacto y permeabilidad. ¿Se pueden aplicar fibras naturales como compuestos a sistemas flotantes en agua. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Innotec is the property of Laboratorio Tecnologico del Uruguay and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To evaluate the effects of endosperm of tara seeds (ETS) and powder of Agave americana leaves (AAL) on body weight and intestinal transit time in Holtzman rats. Materials and Methods. Twenty-five male Holtzman rats, individually caged, and distributed into five groups were fed for 21 days with one of the following treatments: T1, diet with 6% alpha cellulose (Control); T2, diet with 6% ETS; T3, diet with 6% AAL; T4, diet with 10% ETS; and T5, Diet with 10% AAL. Feed intake, body weight gain, apparent digestibility of fat, characteristics of feces (fat content, weight, moisture, volume, and pH) and intestinal transit time were recorded. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were performed, as well as Tukey's multiple means comparison. Results. Diets with 6% and 10% of ETS resulted in a reduction of feed intake, apparent digestibility of fat, and fecal pH, and said results had an effect in the reduction of body weight gain of 37.0% (p=0.008) and 50.9% (0.001), compared with the control diet. The diet with 10% of AAL powder reduced the intestinal transit time from 642 min (control) to 532 min (p=0.242). Conclusions. Diets containing EST regulated body weight gain, while the diet with AAL powder had no effects on the intestinal transit time in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The leaching operation is to put in contact enough water with ground manioc to extract the starch and separate it from the fiber and other components. With the objective of determining the optimal conditions of water consumption in the stage of leaching of cassava was obtained a starch extraction (cassava pulp - water) equilibrium curve. The excessive use of water does not warrant the extraction of starch in this process and increases the cost of this. Quantities of pulp-water were mixed for a residence time of 5 s at 37°C, and refining through a mesh of 120 mesh; to then calculate the composition in water, starch and inert. The results obtained allow optimum relationship of 450 kg to 740 kg of water per 1 kg of cassava pulp with a percentage between the 18 and 20% of removable starch. With the optimization it was possible to reduce the consumption of 3 to 4 kg of water per 1 kg of cassava pulp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Themis: Revista de Derecho is the property of Themis Asociacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of two formulas with the same glucose content with different sweeteners and dietary fiber for diabetics in healthy adults and in patients with type-2 diabetes (DM2). Methodology: In this randomized, double-blind crossover research, eleven healthy people and six with DM2 consumed two enteral formulas, Glucerna SR®, Laboratorios Abbott C.A. (GF) and Enterex Diabetic®, Victus C.A. (EF), sweetened with fructose y sucralose, with 1.2 and 1.3 g/100 ml of fiber source respectively (four times). Additionally, they consumed glucose solution once, obtaining blood samples at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min for controls; in the diabetics, minutes 150 and 180 were added for measuring blood glucose, basal and postprandial insulin after two and three hours. Results: The incremental area under the curve (IAUC) was lower for the formulas rather than for SG. In the healthy controls was 12,857 ± 422 for EF and 11,601 ± 272 for GF (p < 0.014). In diabetics, this curve reduced for GF (28,656 ± 123) compared to EF (29,855 ± 496) (p < 0.01). The IG resulted in 58.07 ± 8.4 and 60.7 ± 2 for GF and EF, respectively, in the controls, and 65.16 ± 0.2 and 68.06 ± 1 in diabetics, without significant differences, as well as in post-prandial insulin. Conclusions: The GI and the GL of the two formulas resulted in an intermediate value in both groups, with a glycemic profile inferior to SG. No significant differences were observed regarding insulin behavior, showing that the absorption rate of carbohydrates in these formulas is slower, with a lower glycemic impact than the pattern product; thus, making its indication acceptable for the diabetic patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dietary fiber is an important component of human diet. Since each fiber type has specific metabolic and gastrointestinal function effects, in each specific pathology we will have to choose the optimum type of fiber, considering its chemical, physical and physiological properties. Objective:to put partially hydrolyzed guar gum in its place in the complex framework of dietary fiber, to review its physicochemical properties and possible mechanisms of action; as well as its potential usefulness in different clinical situations in adult patients. Methods: non-systematic review in Medline. Results: Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is obtained from a partial enzymatic hydrolysis of guar gum by the enzyme β-endo-mannanase. It is a soluble, highly fermentable fiber with low viscosity. The fermentation of GGPH in colon produces short chain fatty acids, implicated in the main pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for their clinical effects. Its use in enteral nutrition associated diarrhea is supported by several studies and by the recommendations of scientific societies such as the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. The usefulness of GGPH has been studied in many other clinical situations, such as diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, bacterial overgrowth, etc. with promising results. Conclusions: GGPH is useful in the management of enteral nutrition associated diarrhea. In other clinical situations, more quality studies would be necessary in order to make concrete recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several foods that contain carbohydrates as the main nutrient, being one of the most important the bread for its massive worldwide consumption. Numerous studies have been done in order to reduce its glycemic index, however there is still controversy about the action of dietary fiber in the decrease of GI in this product. In this study, it was determined the effect of dietetic fiber on glycemic index and glycemic load in two types of commercial breads in 23 healthy individuals who randomly consumed 3 different products during 6 days of 50g of carbohydrates each: white bread (PH), whole wheat bread (PE) and glucose solution as reference product (SG). Fasting and postprandial glycemia was measured at times 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Insuline was measured at 0 min and 120 min. The area under de glycemia curve was lower for both bread types PH 13589 ±1557, PF 12005 ±1254 than for the reference product SG 14089 ±1245. The values of the glycemic index PH 68,55 ±1,2 and PF 62,01 ±1,3 and glycemic load PH 16.45 ±1,4 were lower for bread with more amount fiber 9,93 ± 1,1, with no difference in insulin concentration, suggesting that the amount of carbohydrates and fiber type contained in whole wheat bread can be considered intrinsic factors in bread composition, affecting the post-intake glycemic response of this type of products in healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Palobra is the property of Universidad de Cartagena and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Sul-Americana de Engenharia Estrutural is the property of Revista Sul-Americana de Engenharia Estrutural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: the administration of enteral nutrition by gravity is a very useful method in clinical practice; nevertheless, it may not be very precise. Indeed, this method presents some important limitations, such as the difficulty in establishing a precise dripping rate and the possibility for the dripping rate decrease depending on the formula. Objectives: assess the administration time and the risk of clogging of 5 fiber-enriched enteral nutrition formulas with different protein concentrations and caloric density, all administered by gravity through nasogastric (NG) tubes of different sizes. Assess the influence of the composition on the dripping rate, by gravity, of the tested formulas. Methods: 5 fiber-enriched EN formulas were compared by using nasogastric tubes of the calibers 8, 10 and 12 Fr. The fluidity of these gravity-administered NE formulas was estimated by timing the complete passage of each formula at full speed, thus allowing one to calculate the mean time of free fall (MTFF) and to register any possible obstruction. Subsequently, an in vitro simulation of a 1 500 ml administration was performed for each formula at a particular speed, so that the administration time was 5 hours. Slowing flow and stagnated flow were detected as indicators of the risk of obstruction. Results: the two products that especially differed in MTFF were the ones with the highest energy concentration. The passage time in free fall of these two products through the 8 Fr tube exceeded four hours. For the rest of the products and NG tubes used, this time was less than 2 hours and 5 minutes. No slowing flow or tube obstruction was detected in free fall and at maximum speed. When the dripping was adjusted to be administered in 5 hours, three of the studied products (those with the least caloric concentration and viscosity) showed slowing flow and, in some cases, the dripping stopped completely. The most important factor associated to the MTFF was the lipid content, followed by viscosity, energy and protein content. The MTFF measured was not significantly related to the fiber content of the nutritional formula. Conclusions: all studied products can be administered by gravity via nasogastric tubes in free fall without any risk of obstruction, even though the free fall time was very variable. The lowest caliber tubes, the highest energy content and the viscosity of the EN mixture turn-out to be the limiting factors when fiber-enriched formulas are to be administered by gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cereal bars as solid matrix for the incorporation of a probiotic microorganism were evaluated. The acceptability, flavor profile, texture profile and nutritional value were evaluated. The lactic acid bacterium Weissella confusa was used. Product acceptability in terms of taste, color, odor and texture was over 50%. The flavor profile indicated, that puffed rice, sweet, and raisins flavors were more pronounced, and rancid flavor was not perceived. The formulations were prebiotic (5.91% on dry basis of dietary fiber). Viability of probiotic bacteria decreased from 3.73×1011 to 5.62×107 CFU/g. However, the count was within a range in which the product can be considered as probiotic. The results showed that cereal bars can be used as solid matrix for the development of probiotic and prebiotic synergistic formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with head and neck cancer undergoing surgery have a high risk of nutritional complications. Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of a hypercaloric and hyperproteic oral supplement enriched with w3 FATTY ACIDS and fiber in clinical parameters in head and neck tumor postsurgical ambulatory patients with or without radiotherapy. Design: A population of 37 ambulatory postsurgical patients with oral and laryngeal cancer was enrolled. At Hospital discharge postsurgical head and neck cancer patients were asked to consume two units per day of a hypercaloric and hyperproteic oral supplement for a twelve week period. Results: The mean age was 63.8+/-7.1 years (16 female/21 males). Duration of supplementation was 98.1±19.1days. A significant increase of albumin and transferrin levels was observed, in total group and in patients undergoing radiotherapy and without it. No differences were detected in weight and other anthropometric parameters in total group and in patients with radiotherapy during the protocol. Nevertheless, patients without radiotherapy showed a significant improvement of BMI; weight, fat free mass and fat mass. Conclusions: An omega 3 and fiber enriched formula improved serie protein levels in ambulatory postoperative head and neck cancer patients. Improvement of weight, fat mass and fat free mass was observed in patients whom not received radiotherapy during the follow up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the gastrointestinal tolerance and acceptance of the new formulation of Isosource Protein® Fibre® with a new blend of fibers IS50®. Methods: Opened, non-comparative, nonrandomized, descriptive study in patients requiring full enteral tube feeding for at least 7 days. Gastrointestinal tolerance was assessed by daily record of subjective gastrointestinal symptoms by the patient, and objectives behind the abdominal exploration by the researcher for up to 15 days. Results: 18 patients were included with a mean age of 67.32 ± 13.8 years, of whom 66.7% were male. The average actual weight of the sample was 68.7 ± 9.8 kg (range: 51-90 kg) and BMI 24.0 ± 4.0 kg/m2 (range: 16.0 to 32.00 kg/m2). The average volume prescribed Isosource Protein® Fiber® was 1580 ± 282.7 ml / day (range: 1200 to 2000 ml/day). 72.22% of the patients received 1500 ml/day, received 16.67% 1750 ml / day, 5.56% received 2000 ml/day and 5.56% received 2500 ml/day. The analysis of the gastrointestinal tolerance of patients revealed that in the first study visit, reported no significant gastrointestinal problems, only one patient indicated the presence of mild constipation. By contrast, in the last study visit, it was observed that two patients reported constipation (mild to moderate) and two patients reported diarrhea (mild and severe). As for the evaluation of gastrointestinal tolerance by the investigator and depositional habit, the results show that in 100% cases tolerance was normal. Regarding the depositional habit, it was observed than the 66.7% of patients had no bowel movements at baseline, compared to 33.4% at the last visit of the patient (p = 0.035). In this sense, a significant increase (p = 0.035) in the mean number of daily bowel movements at the final visit (0.89 ± 0.90, range: 0-3) was observed, compared to the initial visit (0.44 ± 0.78, range: 0-3). Conclusions: Isosource Protein® Fibre® has proved a formula for enteral nutrition well tolerated, with a very low frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms and an improvement in the number of stools, which encourages compliance with the standard prescribed by the health professional and suggest a positive effect on the regulation of intestinal transit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The incorporation of functional ingredients like amaranth (Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell.) in bread making is a strategy to increase fiber intake, which is associated with beneficial health effects, improving glycemic response and lipid profile. Materials and methods: Thirty male Sprague dawley rats were randomized into three groups: diet of bread with 0% amaranth (PA0, control), diet of bread with 10% amaranth (PA10) and bread diet with 20% amaranth (PA20) for determining the feed intake, weight gain, triglyceride, total cholesterol, VLDL-C, LDL-C, HDL-C, protein and postprandial glycemic response. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized with 10 replications analysis, using the comparison test of Tukey for biochemical parameters. Postprandial glycemic response was analyzed by the method of repeated measures over time. Results and discussion: The daily intake and weight gain was not affected (P>0.05) in the groups with PA10 and PA20. The concentration of glucose, triglycerides and protein showed statistically significant differences (P>0.05) by the difference in content of amaranth diets. The values of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and atherogenic risk factor index were statistically significant (P<0.05) resulting goodwill group formed by PA10 and PA20. PA10 and PA20 in the hyperglycemic peak groups and the total phase hyperglycemia were lower, showing a better glycemic response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper was studied the use of low-cost materials obtained from plants remains and modified organic matrices to replace the use of conventional methods for removal of heavy metals. So avoiding subsequent problems such as the generation of chemical sludge, and creates an alternative use for materials considered as waste. It is well known that the presence of some of the active components in these materials allow them to efficiently capture metal ions, however, it was found that other factors like pH of solution and concentration of metals also influence this process. In general, acid treatment and a subsequent transformation of materials to active carbon increases sorption capacity. Also, it is the pseudo second order model and the Langmuir isotherm that are the equations most used to describe kinetics and the adsorption behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se aplicó un diseño de bloques al azar con cinco réplicas y trece tratamientos, que consistieron en tres variedades de Pennisetum purpureum (king grass, Cuba CT-115 y Cuba CT-169), cortadas dos (agosto y febrero), cuatro (mayo, julio, septiembre y febrero) y cinco veces al año (noviembre, febrero, mayo, julio y septiembre), y dos de Saccharum officinarum (Jaronú 60-5 y Villa Clara 21), cortadas una (febrero) y dos (febrero y agosto) veces por año, para determinar su influencia en algunos indicadores de la calidad de los forrajes. El experimento se condujo en suelo ferralítico rojo durante cuatro años, con fertilización (100-60-80 kg/ha/año de N, P2O5 y KƻO, respectivamente) y riego durante el período poco lluvioso. Hubo diferencias (P < 0.001) en el tenor de PB de las variedades de acuerdo con la frecuencia de corte. Los mayores valores se registraron en las hojas, tallos y planta íntegra de las variedades de Pennisetum, con rango de valores de 7.6-10, 4.2-5.9 y 5.1-7.3 % respectivamente, cuando se cortaron cinco veces al año. La fibra cruda difirió (P < 0.001) y los menores valores se registraron en las variedades de Pennisetum con la mayor frecuencia de corte. Para la digestibilidad in vitro de la materia orgánica hubo diferencias (P < 0.001) favorables a la mayor frecuencia de corte. Los mejores resultados se alcanzaron cuando las variedades de Pennisetum se cortaron cinco veces al año. Cortar dos veces al año a Saccharum repercutió en que la Jaronú 60-5 desapareciera al finalizar el segundo año de estudio. El mejor balance de los indicadores estudiados se obtuvo cuando las variedades de Pennisetum y Saccharum se cortaron cinco y una vez al año, respectivamente. Se dispone de información que permite mejorar el manejo de estas variedades, utilizarlas eficientemente y lograr mayor longevidad de la plantación. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the construction of a plane model, a qualitative study was made in order to observe the transactions that are developed during the fracture process and its simulation on different sections of a composite, from the accumulation of the damage stage to the moment when the crack propagates abruptly causing a macro fracture. An algorithm was developed to observe the stress redistribution processes and the compound is simulated including packaging defects of the filaments. During the study of the fracture processes in reinforced composites there are many factors to consider that are interrelated and that have a casual character. The mechanical properties of the fibers and the matrix, the matrix-fiber adherence and the resistance of the interface, all vary with the application of the load. The use of computational methods opens great possibilities for the development of the simulation and the models of the fracture processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]