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Copyright of Tiempos Modernos is the property of Tiempos Modernos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Observatorio Americano, a newspaper edited by Manuel de Castro in 1816 in Buenos Aires, is an example of Rioplatense enlightened thought focused on overcoming the evils of the Revolution of 1810. The publication is known for its participation in the debate over Manuel Belgrano's Inca Plan of that year; however, the paper's editor had personal doubts about it, which he transmitted through the newspaper, using it as a teaching tool. He laid out his concerns, combining them with what he saw as the general interests of a literatre society in order to propose a future order in which the regenerative force of the Enlightenment would help to avoid the dangers of a freedom which --as with all new things-- could negatively affect that future in construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The speed of global geo-political events suggests changes towards a new international political-economic order whose full nature is unknown. It follows that the levels of economic dependence in Latin America and the Caribbean will limit their participation with equity. It is necessary to adapt the socio-cultural heterogeneity and articulate a common organization model, called Comprehensive Social Development of Latin America and the Caribbean (DSI-ALyEC), with a view to participating as a geopolitical block. Consider as the initial driving force the Brazil-Venezuela axis, whose space covers more than 50% of the South American continent, 762,000 km2 of Caribbean shelf and a wide Atlantic front. Its core must be the Amazon, influential in the global climate and possessor of an unquantified germplasm. Comprehensive Social Development will seek food security, economic non-dependence and political sovereignty, with preeminence of the medium and small scale economy; strategic sequence for peaceful coexistence between nations. Participation and roles would be defined through coordinated educational systems for training and training for the management of the process [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis is a joint disease affecting 7 million people in Spain, which causes pain and affects patients' mobility and autonomy, as well as the psychological wear and tear it entails. Of these 7 million, more than 2 million suffer from osteoarthritis and cardiovascular pathology. At OAFI (Osteoarthritis Foundation International) we believe that it is essential to promote pharmacological treatments that do not generate a vascular risk and to promote self-management strategies to avoid unhealthy weight as well as daily physical activity; to improve patients' health conditions and quality of life. Recent epidemiological studies have shown that the use of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine reduces the risk of stroke and cardiovascular accidents, such as ischemic stroke and acute myocardial infarction. Therefore, we believe these drugs should be considered the first therapeutic choice for treating osteoarthritis, due to their efficacy, safety and relevant cardiovascular and cerebrovascular benefits, which positively impact this significant and inexplicably neglected patient population in medicine and scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trabajos y Comunicaciones is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The public relations activity is defined as an area of strategic communication which acts on building mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their audiences. Constant social transformations have an impact on the social perception of different themes, which in turn also directly affects the positioning of organizations. In this scenario, we discuss the term "astroturfing" and its similarities and/or differences concerning public relations based on a relational perspective of communication. This article is characterized as an exploratory research based on a bibliographic analysis. The object of study is astroturfing in the context of public relations; therefore, a qualitative approach has been used. We observed that the extreme usage of digital social networks has contributed to numerous scenarios of misinformation which, therefore, end up encouraging deceptive or simulated practices arising from different social institutions. Thus, it is in such a context that the practice of astroturfing can be seen. This practice emerged in the 1980s in the United States during an election campaign in which there were disputes for a favourable public opinion. The term is an analogy to the word "grassroots, that is, how spontaneous popular manifestations are known in the US, and AstroTurf is a brand of artificial grass created by Monsanto in the 1960s, which is famous for its similarity to the appearance of real grass" (Silva, 2013: 14). The phenomenon can be seen as the creation of public manifestations by an audience that does not exist in order to achieve a favourable scenario for organizational objectives. In a practical way, communication processes can act as astroturfing drivers, thus contributing to the emergence of artificial contexts. In this article, we investigate the communication process by reflecting on the importance of the PR professional who looks at the public from a relational perspective. The connection of such a phenomenon with the field of public relations derives from the practices of international agencies that have subtly used astroturfing to achieve the goals of their clients in such a way that organizational ethics committees do not clearly perceive it. This is one of the aspects that leads professionals in the area to question what would or would not be ethical. Public relations, as an expression of strategic communication, has the ability to observe scenarios, mobilize forces and elaborate narratives that enable the construction of an organizational image and reputation. Perhaps an adequate translation of these strategic efforts is to recognize the connections among public relations, its audiences and the public opinion. In this scenario, there are ample information flows from the mediatized context that sometimes can create gaps for the practice of astroturfing. We understand that the phenomenon is consolidated as a contemporary challenge in the market, mainly in communication. Therefore, we highlight on how the ethical dimensions of public relations permeate the purpose of balance and harmony of interests. It is urgent to act, not only for the aesthetics but also for the ethics of the profession, in favour of the strengthening of the subjects and, consequently, the quality of the established social relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International Commercial Law, since its origins, has been predicated upon the promotion of sustainable development, which includes the protection of the environment. Therefore, the construction of the legal system governing international commerce has included the obligation of States to effectively enforce their own environmental norms in addition to not reduce their standards of protection. In parallel, the many International Law instruments governing international commerce have established dispute settlement mechanisms encompassing breaches to these obligations, including the exercise of governmental prerogatives granted by internal legislation to States themselves. In this way, a complementary mechanism to those internal to each State has contributed to the efficacy of Environmental Law and is preventing its regression to lower standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional del Nordeste and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ephedra ochreata Miers is a shrub native to arid areas of Argentina that is useful for rural communities because its edible cones provide food and livestock forage. Besides it is able to inhabit areas affected by severe desertification. Given these two features, it is considered a potentially useful species for productive restoration, a type of ecological restoration that proposes the recovery of the structure and function of degraded ecosystems, while at the same time using the land for productive purposes. For this goal, it is necessary determine the simplest way to achieve high and homogeneous seed germination to optimize the production of seedlings in nursery gardens or direct seeding in the field. The hypothesis of this study was that germination treatments that are effective in other Ephedraceae will also improve germination in this species and that the provenance of the seeds will affect characteristics such as size, weight, and germination rate. The objective of this research was to compare the size and weight of the seeds from two areas of the Patagonian distribution of the species: the extreme west (Monte Neuquino: MN) and east (Coastal Dunes: CD). Then, we compared the effects of four pregerminative treatments: soaking (SO), cold-wet (CW), chemical scarification (CE) and control (C) on germination rates. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replicates of 30 seeds per treatment. The results were analyzed with ANOVA (p£0.05). The seeds from MN were larger and heavier than those of CD and had higher germination rates overall. The CW treatment accelerated the germination of MN seeds and produced 98.9 % of germination at 14 d after treatment. The seeds from CD had shorter germination time with CW and SO compared to the other treatments. These results provide relevant information for nursery production for outplantings or direct seeding of E. ochreata for use in productive restoration of arid zones of Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Médica de Rosario is the property of Circulo Medico de Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario del Instituto de Historia Argentina is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Objective. Upper airway lesions can be lethal in burned patients if they are not early diagnosed, being a factor that modifies the prognosis for the plastic surgeon and the health team in the initial management of the burned patient. Our aim is to incorporate the use of smartphones as a tool for image generation in emergency nasolaryngofibroscopies in burned patients with suspected upper inhalation injury and compare it with the images obtained with conventional nasolaryngofibroscopes. Methods. Experimental, comparative, descriptive and longitudinal study, on 24 burned patients with suspicion of upper inhalation injury evaluated who were attended at the Plastic Surgery emergency of the Hospital Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño, Caracas, Venezuela, from August 2017 to February 2018. Results. No statistically significant difference was detected among the variables evaluated between the nasolaryngofibroscopy with smartphone versus the nasolaryngofibroscopy with conventional endoscopic tower in none of the patients for the evaluated parameters: brightness-illumination, contrast-borders, color identification basic, tone identification, video quality and sufficiency for diagnosis or discarding of upper airway inhalation injury. Conclusions. In our experience, portable nasolaryngofibroscopy with the use of smartphones is an effective, rapid, practical, reproducible and cost-effective technique for the diagnosis of upper airway inhalation injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The critical global environmental situation is promoting the creation of management instruments that stimulate the conservation of the natural capital and the ecosystem services that it provides. On the other hand, Argentina has historical deficiencies in rural policies that generate serious environmental impacts due to poor management and /or pressure from international markets and also serious social problems (emigration, urban poverty, unemployment, malnutrition, insecurity, etc.). Since it is urgent to establish policies to avoid these problems, the objective of this work is to present instruments for ecosystem conservation that the Government (at a national, provincial and particularly county level) could use to promote sustainable rural development and good agricultural practices of agroecological basis, especially focusing on the Pampas region. These instruments have real impact when integrated into programs together with social, educational and land planning tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacología y Terapéutica is the property of Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacologia y Terapeutica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saber: Revista Multidisciplinaria del Consejo de Investigacion is the property of Universidad de Oriente and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos Dieciochistas is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arte y Políticas de Identidad is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualizaciones en Osteología is the property of Asociacion Argentina de Osteologia y Metabolismo Mineral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Lepidopterism is defined as the set of conditions caused by human contact with various genera and species of the order Lepidoptera. The female of this species of butterfly posses hairs that contain toxins which upon contact with skin and mucous generate dermatitis and lessions in the ocular mucosa, oropharynx and upper respiratory tract therefore, it is necessary to develop better teaching strategies to minimize the impact on health. Objective. Characterization of local knowledge and practices for the prevention and control of lepidopterism by Hylesia metabus in the parish Yaguaraparo, northeastern Venezuela, was carried out. Materials and Methods. 400 people were randomly selected and surveyed, responses were categorized using a scale of 0-4 points (4 for better knowledge/practice), the surveyed dimensions were: knowledge about H. metabus, lepidopterism, prevention and control of lepidopterism, and knowledge and practices as a whole. Descriptive statistics were applied, as well as ANOVA and Tukey test for multiple comparisons, considering sex, age group, education and occupation as intervening variables. Knowledge about H. metabus was good (...=2.61); on lepidopterism was moderate (...=1.65), prevention practices were good (...=2.52), also for control (...=2.74). 97% declared lepidopterism experience; 71% used medical and home treatment and the remaining 29% used home and self-medication treatment. The better-known and used measure to avoid contact with the butterfly was turning off lights (50.2%). Insecticide application was the most frequent measure considered useful to remove butterflies from environment (68.2%). Against itching, actions included taking antihistaminic (30.7%) and home treatment (27.4%), being topic alcohol the most used (23.5%). Education and occupation had significant influence on given responses. Conclusion. Parish population showed good notions on lepidopterism, though not optimal, and their practices require improvement, in order to combine for a higher participation level to face the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Quaderns de l'Institut Català d'Antropologia is the property of Institut Catala d'Antropologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article develops a discussion about the ethic of labor in the Venezuelan present time. It considers the special economic, social and political situation of tension that is being experienced by the Venezuelan population. The economic and political topics are related to the moral values and culture. First, it is reviewed the global context and the main role of ethic matters. Second, it goes over an ethics conceptualization and its historic validity, and describes its meaning in terms of the Venezuelan people. Special attention is given to the discussion of the predominance of anti-values of gambling and corruption as opposite to an ethical behavior. One point of analysis is devoted to the need for revalidating the productive work as a strategy for the rescue of the public institutions and the search of a new countries future. As part of the conclusions, the article closed with an argument that proposes the re-funding of the labor´s ethic, the only way to overcome the present dilemmas in the Venezuelan conjuncture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Médica de Rosario is the property of Circulo Medico de Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The object of the present study is to develop thoughts on legal cultures within countries forming the Mercosur, with special regard to Argentina and Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species Perna viridis is a highly consumed species, which fast growth makes it an interesting aquaculture alternative for Venezuelan and Trinidad coasts. With the aim to contribute with its nutritional value information, this study analyzed lipid and fatty acid contents from samples taken in five locations from Eastern Venezuela and three from Trinidad West Coast. Total lipids were extracted and quantified, from a pooled sample of 100 organisms per location, by standard gravimetric methods, and their identification and quantification was done by TLC/FID (Iatroscan system). Furthermore, the esterified fatty acids of total lipid, phospholipids and triacylglycerols were identified and quantified by gas chromatography. Eastern Venezuela samples from Los Cedros, La Brea and Chaguaramas showed the highest total lipid values of 7.92, 7.74 and 7.53, respectively, and the minimum values were obtained for La Restinga (6.08%). Among lipid composition, Chacopata samples showed the lowest phospholipid concentration (48.86%) and the maximum values for cholesterol (38.87%) and triacylglycerols (12.26%); besides, La Esmeralda and Rio Caribe samples exhibited maximum phospholipids (88.71 and 84.93 respectively) and minimum cholesterol (6.50 and 4.42%) concentrations. Saturated fatty acids represented between 15.04% and 65.55% within total lipid extracts, with maximum and minimum values for La Esmeralda and Chacopata, respectively. Polyunsaturated results resulted between 7.80 and 37.18%, with higher values in La Brea and lower values in La Esmeralda. For phospholipids, saturated fatty acids concentrations varied between 38.81 and 48.68% for Chaguaramas and Chacopata samples, respectively. In the case of polyunsaturated fatty acids, these varied between non detected and 34.51%, with high concentrations in Los Cedros (27.97%) and Chaguaramas (34.51%) samples. For the triacylglycerols, the saturated fatty acids composition oscillated between 14.27 and 53.80% with low concentrations for Chacopata and high concentration for La Restinga; the polyunsaturated fatty acids were between 4.66 and 35.55% with lower values for Chacopata and higher values for Chaguaramas samples. P. viridis is recommended for human being consumption, according to the high content of unsaturated fatty acids found for this species. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (1): 171-182. Epub 2011 March 01. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]