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Background and aims: The loss and fragmentation of the Chaco Forest due to deforestation could affect the genetic diversity of species. Previous analyses of Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco, an emblematic forest species of the region, suggested that populations in the northern Semi-arid Chaco of Argentina are of interest for in situ conservation and restoration. Thus, we analyzed the genetic diversity and structure of fragmented and continuous populations of Aspidosperma quebrachoblanco from this region to assess the risk of genetic erosion and the role of fragmented habitats in the conservation of this species. M&M: Using 4 AFLP marker combinations, the genetic variability and structure of 49 individuals from 2 continuous and 3 fragmented populations of A. quebracho-blanco were analyzed. This analysis was conducted in the context of territorial forest planning, considering the distribution of protected areas, ecological corridors, land use, and the area of the forest fragments. Results: The differences in the estimated genetic variability indices between the continuous and fragmented populations studied were not significant (pHe=0.62, pSh=0.53, p%P=0.68). The genetic structure is moderate and correlates with the distance between populations. The most vulnerable populations are located in areas where land use is allowed. Conclusions: Forest fragments are important for the conservation of A. quebracho-blanco. However, in the short term, ecological, and demographic factors may have a greater impact on the viability of its populations than genetic erosion caused by fragmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Stress and Transposable Elements: Unveiling the Genetic Footprints and their Evolutionary Significance" analyzes the presence and role of transposable elements in the genomes of different organisms. These elements, discovered by Barbara McClintock in the 1940s, represent an important component of most genomes and can be activated in response to environmental stress. The activation of these elements can have both positive and negative effects on stress adaptation and the evolution of organisms. Transposable elements are a source of genetic variability and can play a relevant role in the evolution of species. [Extracted from the article]

This review article addresses the significant role of anaerobic cocci in the etiology of various human infections, highlighting their presence both in the normal microbiota and under pathological conditions. These microorganisms, ubiquitous on skin and mucosal surfaces, can become opportunistic pathogens under specific circumstances, contributing to a broad spectrum of infections from superficial abscesses to more severe complications such as endocarditis and meningitis. Among the most relevant genera are Finegoldia and Parvimonas, known for their ability to trigger inflammatory responses and interact with host tissues, thereby facilitating the infectious process. The accurate identification and classification of these anaerobic cocci represent a challenge due to their genetic and phenotypic diversity, underscoring the importance of advancing our knowledge of their biology through genomic techniques. This work emphasizes the need for further study of anaerobic cocci to better understand their contribution to human infections and to develop more effective therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ciliopathies encompass numerous clinical entities caused by anomalies in the structure or function of primary cilia. Among them, Jeune Syndrome (JS) is described as a rare skeletal dysplasia with its variants: type I with short survival and type II with a narrow thorax, shortening of long bones, pelvic abnormalities, cardiac and renal complications, pulmonary hypoplasia, retinitis pigmentosa, and normal intellect. This report describes an 8-year-old girl with a clinical diagnosis of type II JS and end-stage chronic kidney disease. The genetic study detected variants in DYNC2I1 (probably a pathogenic heterozygous variant), TTC21B (a heterozygous variant of uncertain clinical significance), and ACAN genes (a heterozygous variant of uncertain clinical significance). The detected variants are located in genes related to the structure and function of the primary cilia, suggesting that the observed clinical feature in the case is a ciliopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Germplasm banks are sites dedicated to the preservation of biological material. Its final objective is to achieve the conservation of biodiversity in the short, medium, or long term, avoiding the loss of genetic diversity caused by environmental, physical, biological factors, or as a consequence of human activities. The genetic diversity of plant species of importance for agriculture and food is conserved within the framework of different institutions, among them, the Plant Genetic Resources Network (Red-RRFF) of INTA (National Institute of Agricultural Technology) stands out. The objective of this network is to conserve and use species in a sustainable manner for different agroecological regions of the national territory. INTA has a Base Bank located in Castelar (Buenos Aires) and 21 Active Banks distributed throughout the country. Active Banks conserve in the short and medium term, collect and regenerate germplasm entries of different species. The Base Bank maintains long-term duplicates of the seed collections of the active banks. The characterization and evaluation activities allow us to know the degree of genetic diversity existing in the collections and increase the added value to them, based on knowledge about their behavior in situations of abiotic and/or biotic stress, nutritional quality, sensory evaluations, among others. Currently, progress is being made in tools for the organization and management of collections and in the application of a website that facilitates access to information on the available RRFF, in the implementation of international treaties ratified by Argentina, and fundamentally, in managing the work in common with other institutions and local communities in the search for a National Genetic Resources System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultivation of the criollo pocket melon (Cucumis melo L.) has received little attention in agronomic research, despite its productive potential and its remarkable phenotypic diversity. Its fruits show phenological, morphological and organoleptic differences that offer an opportunity for genetic improvement of the Criollo variety, which is necessary because it has lower yields than other imported varieties and hybrids. In order to evaluate the potential of a selected population in the improvement of agronomically important traits, recombinant individuals from a selected population (Ps) were evaluated against individuals from the original population (Po) of the Dudaim variety, under a randomized complete block design with two treatments and three replications in two different locations in the canton of Palenque, Province of Los Ríos, Ecuador. According to statistical comparisons, the selected population showed significantly higher mean values than the original population (p=0,05) in 7 of the 9 fruit traits evaluated, showing high genetic variability and high heritability in a broad sense for traits related to fruit quality. The studies allow us to conclude that there is a high potential to achieve genetic gains by selection, especially for fruit weight, total soluble solids and fruit yield traits. The studies allow us to conclude that there is a high potential to achieve genetic gains by selection, especially for fruit weight, total soluble solids and yield per hectare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High genetic variability is one of the consequences of the adaptation processes of species to extreme abiotic and biotic factors, which contributes to ensuring their persistence against possible risks. Colombia has established more than 200 ecotypes of native mangoes, however, in most of these important properties that are a fundamental input for improvement programs are unknown, therefore, their characterization implies a significant advance in scientific and technological terms for the chain. For this reason, the characterization of the quantitative and qualitative variability of three commercial accessions introduced and seventeen native ones, collected in the germplasm bank of the Colombian nation, in charge of the Corporación Colombiana de Investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA and in the three main mango producing departments in Colombia: Cundinamarca, Tolima and Antioquia. For the determination of the chemical variables, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and the relationship between total soluble solids and titratable acidity were evaluated. Of the sixty physical variables, thirty-nine were useful for differentiation between accessions. The quantitative descriptors were analyzed using the Pearson matrix and according to the principal component analysis. Components 1, 2 and 3 explained 72 % of the total variance. The qualitative variables were analyzed by the similarity matrix using the Gower distance. The dendrogram was obtained by the UPGMA clustering method, with four classes. For the chemical characteristics, the statistical analysis showed significant differences (p = 0,05) between the materials evaluated. Kala Alphonso and Mariquiteño were the varieties with the highest values in total soluble solids >25, while Chancleto, was the one with the highest percentage of citric acid 0,55. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: In the Atacama Desert certain plant species can be found in small and isolated areas, limited to regions with water availability. The degree of connectivity within and between these natural populations depends on their pollen and seed dispersal abilities, as well as on the barriers imposed by the landscape. Prosopis flexuosa is a species of high economic and ecological importance included in the algarrobo Conservation and Management program. The main objective of this work is to analyze the genetic variability and mating system of P. flexuosa in the Atacama Desert. M&M: Genetic diversity parameters as well as the mating system were evaluated in a natural population (Quillagua) based on microsatellite molecular markers. The hierarchical distribution of genetic variance and kinship coefficients were analyzed. Results: The results indicate high levels of genetic diversity (HE = 0.67-0.65; Ar = 3.8- 3.7), high outcrossing rates (t m = 0.97, t s = 0.85), low biparental inbreeding (11.6%) and multiple paternity. The proportion of full sibs decreases when considering seeds from the same or different pods (89→16%). Only the variance between families is significant (p < 0.001) and mean kinships estimated show that progenies within families are not only constituted by half sibs. Conclusions: The results are discussed and related to the limited pollen and seed dispersal and their implication for the management of this resource. The study of the mating system parameters of this Chilean desert population suggests that the low population density and the environment fragmentation would not be influencing their mating capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition of hibiscus calyx extracts depends on factors such as climate, genetic variety or type of soil, so there is no homogeneity in the values reported in the literature for both its antioxidant effect and activity antimicrobial, so it is recommended to analytically characterize the calyxes under study. In Cuba, to compensate for the limited genetic diversity that exists and motivate the population towards its consumption, studies are carried out to obtain native varieties of H. sabdariffa from the Yersy variety of Mexican origin. The objective of this work was to study the antimicrobial activity and the minimum inhibitory concentration of the aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa, L of the Cuban variety Dogo against food contaminating microorganisms: S. aureus; B. subtilis; E.coli; S. enteritidis and A. niger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A common garden trial with 18-month-old trees from 64 half-sib families of Pinus patula was established to identify genetic variation in growth and survival in response to drought for four months (November 25, 2020 to March 25, 2021, winter). A split-plot design with two moisture levels (Irrigation S0 = 40 - 55 % and Drought S1 = 20 - 39 % volumetric moisture) was used in large plots and families in small plots. At the beginning and end of the trial, the height (HT), diameter of the base (DB), and number of whorls and branches were determined, and the absolute (AGR) and relative (RGR) growth rates in HT and DB were calculated. Differences were found between the moisture levels during growth. Survival was 71 % in S0 and 60 % in S1. In S1, AGR in HT and DB was affected by 52 and 38 %, and RGR by 46 and 32 %, respectively, with respect to S0. In S0, 31.4 % of the plants formed one whorl and 2.1 % two, in S1 only 13.4 % and 0.2 % did. Genetic control was moderate in the joint environments with h²i between 0.03 and 0.17 and h²f between 0.15 and 0.53. The performance of the families between the two humidity conditions was stable (rB from 0.71 to 1.0) in all variables, with greater genetic variation in S0 than in S1. Moderate genetic variability was observed in the growth of Pinus patula families under water restriction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografía (RBMO) is the property of Universidad de Valparaiso, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Complex I deficiency is the most common biochemical defect of the oxidative phosphorylation system, has been associated with pathogenic variants in the TMEM126B gene that codes for the TMEM126B assembly factor at the mitochondrial level and results in a diverse phenotypic presentation such as exercise intolerance, muscle weakness, hyperlactic acidemia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and renal tubular acidosis. Objective: To report new variants in the TMEM126B gene identified in a pediatric male patient with complex I deficiency. Materials and Methods: An 11-month-old male patient with a history of congenital hypotonia. He underwent whole exome sequencing + CNV by NGS; the Mutation Taster, UMD-Predictor, POLYPHEN, SIFT, DANN, Human Splicing Finder and Varsome. Finally, a gene interaction network was constructed by the GeneMania program to identify close gene associations. Results: Variants c.222_223del (p.Gln74HisfsTer26) and c.509+61del (p?) were identified in the TMEM126B gene. These variants are not reported in population databases and are not described in the world literature. From the analysis in bioinformatics software, it was concluded that they have probably pathogenic and uncertain significance, respectively. The interaction network showed that TMEM126B is directly related to the TMEM126, DYNC12 and NDUFAF1 gene family. Conclusion: The report of new variants in the TMEM126B gene by using genomic-bioinformatics techniques allows us to broaden the spectrum of genetic variants, especially intronic ones, to contribute to the targeted diagnosis of patients with mitochondrial diseases and to provide individualized care and to make an approach to precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Phytophthora infestans sensu lato is the phytopathogen causing late blight in solanaceae, with environmental, economic and food safety impacts. It presents high disease incidence and accelerated genetic changes. Objective. To evaluate the genetic variability of populations of P. infestans sensu lato isolated from solanaceae in municipalities of southern Colombia. Materials and methods. Forty isolates of P. infestans sensu lato were obtained from four solanaceous hosts from municipalities of Nariño and Putumayo. DNA was extracted and amplified with five microsatellite markers. The bands were visualized on 3% agarose gels and measured with ImageJ. Data analysis was performed with the Poppr package and STRUCTURE software. Results. High polymorphism was obtained with amplification of more than four alleles per locus, presence of triploidy and high genetic diversity with 40 unique multilocus genotypes, compared to other regions of the country. Populations were structured according to their host with a genetic differentiation (Gst) between 0.39 and 0.73, probably due to host preference and the use of alternative hosts. Linkage disequilibrium analysis suggests possible sexual reproduction in P. infestans populations obtained from potato and P. betacei from tree tomato. Conclusion. The analysis with five microsatellite markers identified a high level of polymorphism in P. infestans sensu lato populations and high intrapopulation variability for southern Colombia, as well as population structure according to host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescence Germplasm banks are a way of preserving the genetic diversity of both animal and plant species. In the latter, seeds, tissues and DNA sequences are stored for use in production, conservation of rare or endangered species, and agricultural research. For Arguello et al. (2021) "are an option to guarantee the availability of seeds and, consequently, food production" (p. 119). Likewise, they can also be a way of promoting those native crops that are little attended to in the field of research. Aware of the importance of this issue, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2014) publishes the standards for germplasm banks of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, which provide international guidelines for ex situ conservation in seed banks, field germplasm banks and in vitro conservation and cryopreservation banks. For the reasons described above, this essay addresses the generalities of germplasm banks, emphasizing their use and importance for food production and access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cocoa cultivation plays an important role in Colombian rural development. In addition to being identified as a potential substitute for illicit crops, cocoa provides a livelihood for some 65,000 families in Colombia. However, the low productivity of the crop indicates that its potential is still limited. The objective of this research was to evaluate the cocoa cultivar CNCh12, previously selected by Compañía Nacional de Chocolates’ breeding program, and to compare its traits with a commercial cultivar, the CCN51 clon. For both cacao cultivars the next variables were measured: productivity (Kg/Ha/year), sexual compatibility, resistance to M. roreri, beans characteristics (physical, chemical and functional), morphological traits, and the flavor of cocoa liquor. The results indicate that the cultivar CNCh12 is highly productive, self-compatible, and with moderate resistance to Frosty Pod. This genotype also has fine and flavor attributes and functional traits that satisfy the chocolate industry needs. In this way, Compañía Nacional de Chocolates consolidates its position as the first private company to develop plant materials endorsed by the National Registry of Commercial Crops of the Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario-ICA, thus strengthening the genetic diversity that the country possesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Climatic conditions in tropical countries have a significant effect on milk production. Aim. Analyze the climatic conditions at the Los Naranjos Genetic Livestock Company and its possible relationship with the behavior of milk production at 305 days. Materials and methods: A database of 12,625 milk production records was available, from cows that gave birth between the years 2002 -2020, which corresponded to 7,711 animals. There were monthly records of the minimum temperature (Tmin), average (Tmed) and maximum (Tmax) at 0C, relative humidity (RH) in % and the temperature-humidity index (ITH) was generated, and from this the performed the calculation of the Accumulated Caloric Load (CCA) for the three months before delivery. In addition, heritabilities (h2) and genetic correlations (rg) were estimated for the different CCAs. Results: The general means obtained were: PL305: 1 624.45 ± 360.40 (kg/lactation), ITH 76.34 ± 18.70 and CCA 229.21 ± 128.5. All sources of variation studied significantly influenced milk production at 305 days. The h2 ranged between 0.25 and 0.38 and the rgs were all positive and higher for the closer CCA groups. Conclusions: There was an inverse relationship between ITH and CCA with milk production. Additive genetic variability is evident for the different CCA groups and the rg were positive denoting certain genetic variability for adaptation to climatic stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an antimicrobial protein present in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils, its action falls when it is conjugated in the phagosome with hydrogen peroxide, resulting in toxic substances for phagocytosed microorganisms. Several authors have described that recurrent vulvovaginal infections by Candida spp., are related to primary MPO deficiency, which is an autosomal recessive disorder, due to polymorphisms associated with posttranslational processing or pre-translational errors. Objective. To identify the relationship between the two MPO polymorphisms (Y173C-M251T) with a higher probability of presenting vulvovaginal infection. Materials and methods. 27 blood samples were collected from women between 20-45 years old diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis in order to analyze the complete blood count, Wright stain, leukocyte peroxidase stain and perform DNA extraction to assess the quantity and quality of genetic material. Subsequently, primers for the mpo gene were designed by bioinformatic tools and the conditions to standardize conventional PCR were established. Amplified products were sequenced by capillary electrophoresis (CES) to identify polymorphisms. Results. The polymorphisms of interest were not found in any sample. However, nucleotide changes were found in exons 4 and 6 of the fragment studied in two samples analyzed, indicating that this region may present genetic variability. Conclusion. The present study is a first approximation in Colombia on the mpo gene polymorphisms from patients with vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Bogotá D.C. Future studies with a more representative number of samples will give us stronger indications of the genetic variability that the mpo gene may present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contextualization: The analysis of genetic diversity is essential to preserve and adequately harness genetic resources, both plant and animal, and it is transcendental for developing selection and improvement strategies to obtain promising materials. Knowledge gap: There are few studies of characterization and analysis reported of genetic variability for mulberry Morus spp. in Colombia and need to be developed in order to provide information that enables refining and optimizing the management, use, and conservation of the available germplasm, contributing to the recovery and harnessing of these genetic resources' potential. Purpose: The research aimed to genetically characterize the mulberry, Morus spp., collection of the Cauca region sericulture project using microsatellite markers. Methodology: 36 accessions belonging to the mulberry collection conserved at the Centro de Estudios Vegetales La Rejoya (Center for Plant Studies La Rejoya in English) of Universidad del Cauca were evaluated using ten microsatellites fluorescently labeled. The diversity and genetic structure parameters were evaluated. Additionally, the genetic relationships were determined through a cluster analysis. Results and conclusions: 49 alleles were detected, with a mean PIC of 0.57, indicating the use of polymorphic and informative markers. The population structure analysis with the Bayesian (STRUCTURE v 2.3.4) and grouping methods (Neighbor- joining and PCoA) indicated three discrete population groups with significant genetic differentiation of 22% (AMOVA - Fst; p<0.001). It highlighted the finding of nineteen different genotypes, suggesting the presence of a high number of duplicate materials that will have to be evaluated for the possible elimination of redundant resources in the germplasm bank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffea arabica is one of the most economically important species, producing one of the most consumed beverages in the world. In this study, with the purpose of using the results to guide improvement plans and promote regional coffee production, some of the coffee varieties grown in the department of Valle del Cauca were molecularly evaluated. 140 individuals corresponding to five coffee varieties were sampled. Eight microsatellites were used to carry out the molecular characterization based on genetic diversity estimators, a dendrogram based on Nei distances and an AMOVA. The observed average heterozygosity was 0.004, however, the expected average heterozygosity together with the number of genotypes showed that despite having been subjected to breeding programs, there is still genetic diversity in all varieties. This, together with the result of the AMOVA, revealed that this diversity is housed in different types of homozygotes, which cause a great variation in the comparison of individuals within each variety. Finally, the Nei distances showed a differentiation of the varieties. Those with a greater intensity of artificial selection are more similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of BIOAGRO is the property of Revista BIOAGRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Endocrinología, Metabolismo y Nutrición is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Microsatellites were used to evaluate and compare the lineage relationships and genetic diversity of two improved cultivars of corn (Zea mays L.), seven modern native races, and eight archaeological Chimú samples (1.100-1.500 AD) of the North Peruvian coast. Electrophoresis was required to remove the PCR inhibitors from ancient DNA. Eight STR primer pairs generated amplicons from the genome of modern corn, but only five amplified ancient corn DNA. To establish the lineage relationships among samples, the coefficient of similarity of Jaccard and the technique of analysis of conglomerate with binding average were used. Thus, the pattern of genealogical and genetic relationships of the genotypes were determined. Seven out of the eight pairs of SSR primers revealed polymorphism, being 2.47 (range 2-6) the average of polymorphic alleles. The total alleles tested were 23, with 97 polymorphic bands for the modern corn, yet being monomorphic for the Chimú corn, generating an average of genetic similarity of 0.44 and 1, respectively. These results suggest the existence of inbreeding in some populations of Chimú corn of the north coast of Peru 500 to 900 years ago. Modern races exhibited higher polymorphism, due to hybridization and better assisted selection, in agreement with cytogenetic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CD36 is a receptor involved in physiologic, metabolic and pathologic processes. Due to its affinity for long-chain fatty acids, it has been postulated as a taste receptor of fatty taste. In this review, the emerging genetic evidence linking CD36 to oral fat perception is analyzed. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, published articles from 2000 to 2022 were considered. Multiple studies have shown an association of some genetic variants in CD36 with fat foods preferences and it has been suggested that these variants can modify oral fat perception thresholds however the evidence is still heterogeneous; this can be explained by the genetic diversity of populations, the nutritional status and participant’s characteristics, as well as other methodological aspects. Other factors involved in oral fat perception were and identified and discussed including the interaction with other flavors, hormones, and epigenetic factors. The conclusion is that the evidence supporting the role of CD36 as a dietary lipid receptor, the role of its genetic variants in fat acids oral perception thresholds and food preferences is intermediate level and more research is necessary in other populations with large number of participants as well as considering the interaction between different hormones and the expression of CD36. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contrastes: Revista Internacional de Filosofia is the property of Contrastes: Revista Internacional de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

can cause contamination in body of water or leachate when disposed of in landfills. These residues, such as the shells of some fruits, are very rich in pectin, which cannot be easily fermented by yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Therefore, a search is made for bacteria and fungi that possess this metabolic machinery, in a database built from their nucleotide sequences in a Megablastn, with the DNAsp, Mega, and Jalview software. The isomerase pathway of 4 microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Lactococcus lactis, Erwinia carotova, Dickeya dadantii, was selected in order to understand the genetic variability. It was obtained that UxaA presented more significant variability in the isomerase pathway. Each UxaA enzyme was modeled by structure predictors. The global protein alignment relationship was found respect to the phylogenetic distance. The isomerase routes of two saprophytic microorganisms Erwinia carotova and Dickeya dadantii are proposed as possible solutions to transfect Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a fermentative alternative to these agro-industrial residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microsatellite loci represent prevalent molecular markers for assessing genetic diversity, phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships between different in origin broomrape taxon. In the present study, the genetic differences and relationships among 3 broomrape races from Bulgaria, Turkey, Moldova and Romania were identified by ISSR markers. The obtained results on genetic diversity parameters showed that race H is more variable than races G and E. However, the gene diversity within populations was the greatest in race G, followed by race H and E. The limited gene flow for races H and G determined significant genetic differentiation of populations. Conversely, a comparatively moderate gene flow for race E pointed to a little differentiation among populations. These findings were also corroborated by AMOVA, demonstrating high genetic diferences within (89%) and lower (11%) among races. The investigation also revealed the existence evolutionary differences between all races. This situation proves the action of evolutive molecular mechanisms which offered, in time, discrete genetic particularities at broomrape, indicating that the existing races are unstable over time and they are constantly adapting to the new more sunflower resistance hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Científico Centro de Museos de Historia Natural is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Casos & Revisiones de Salud is the property of Victor Manuel Mendoza Nunez, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Participatory Selection of Cultivars has been shown to be effective in promoting the participation of different stake holder in the genetic improvement process and to know about the preferences of producers. The aim of the study was to identify cultivars with the greatest acceptance and the agronomic criteria of greatest consideration from participants' perspective. The participatory selection was carried out at the Agrodiversity Fair in the Scientific and Technological Unit de Base "Los Palacios", located in the Los Palacios Municipality, Pinar del Río province where growers, technicians and decision-makers of both sexes participated. The effective diversity percentage was determined, cultivars with the greatest acceptance and the most relevant agronomic criteria were identified. Female participation reached 44.8 % and effective diversity was 75 %. DI-77, DN-12 and DI-11 cultivars stood out for their good performance for the locality; the characters with the highest degree of acceptance at the time of selection were number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, grain size and plant erection. Participatory cultivars selection in chickpea could be an excellent methodology to accelerate cultivars adoption, enrich genetic diversity of this crop and increase yields, also allow training, the interaction of various stake holders and promote gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: despite the relationship of resistin with metabolic syndrome (MS), the relationship of the 5'UTR intron C/T variant single nucleotide ploymorphism (SNP) rs7139228 of the RETN gene with the presence of MS has not been evaluated. Objective: the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of SNP rs7139228 of the RETN gene on circulating resistin levels, as well as on MS in obese subjects. Material and methods: a Caucasian population of 1003 obese subjects was enrolled. An anthropometric evaluation (weight, waist circumference, fat mass), evaluation of nutritional intake, biochemical study (glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, lipid profile, insulin, HOMA-IR, resistin) and rs7139228 genotype was carried out. Results: genotype distribution was: 852 subjects with GG (84.9 %), 147 subjects with GA (14.7 %) and 4 subjects with AA (0.4 %). The allelic frequency was G (0.92) and A (0.08). Serum levels of resistin (delta: 1.7 ± 0.2 ng/ml; p = 0.01), insulin (delta: 4.2 ± 0.4 IU/L; p = 0.01) and HOMA-IR (delta: 1.9 ± 0.2 units; p = 0.03) were higher in patients carrying the A allele than in non-carriers. The overall prevalence of MS was 48.1 %. A logistic regression analysis showed a high percentage of hyperglycemia (OR = 1.60, 95 % CI = 1.08-2.96; p = 0.02) and metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.33, 95 % CI = 1.07-3.39, p = 0.02) in carriers of the A allele after adjusting for resistin levels, sex, BMI and age. Conclusions: the A allele of the genetic variant rs7139228 is associated with higher levels of resistin, basal insulin, insulin resistance, and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in obese subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of genetic diversity and gene flow through genealogical information of a population is necessary in genetic selection programs. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the diversity and genetic structure of the Charolais population in Ecuador. Three sets of data were used, the historical population, current population and the reference population. The information on each animal included its own name and registration number, that of the father, the mother, and date of birth. The parameters evaluated were the completeness of the pedigree, generation interval, inbreeding, mean relationship, increase in inbreeding and effective population size. For data processing, the ENDOG program was used. The completeness of the pedigree decreased considerably from the second generation in both populations, although the first generation showed values of 0.617 and 0.745. The average generation interval was 7.17 years for the historical population and 8.42 years for the current one. The father pathway was superior to the maternal pathway in both populations. Inbreeding values were 0.08% and 0.14%, respectively. The Ne was 537.38. The Charolais cattle breed in Ecuador is in the process of being established, and can be considered a young population from the genetic point of view. The use of reproductive biotechnologies with molecular information has directly influenced the quality of the genealogical information added to the control in the records of new animals, which will allow the association to have reliable tools for population management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is an entomopathogenic bacterium used to control insect pest Lepidoptera, Coleóptera and Díptera. For its high genetic variability in the Cry proteins, characterization of Bt strains in worldwide represents a potential to discover new proteins and biological activities. In this study was performed the microscopic, biochemical and molecular characterization of 20 native strains of Bacillus thuringiensis that belong to the UJTL bank of strains, in order to predict the biological activity and possible uses in biological control. Native strains were isolated from the departments of Boyacá (4), Cundinamarca (2), Huila (1) and Santander (5) and the mangrove ecosystem of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (8). For microscopic characterization, amorphous, square, triangular and bipyramidal crystals were observed. Using PCR 11 strains amplified between 2-5 cry1 genes. Eight strains had the cry1Aa gene (72.7%), five contained the cry1Ab gene (45.4%) and three contained the cry1Ac (27.2%) gene and two strains had the cry1Da gene only (18.1%). Eight strains also amplified cry1Ba gene and cry1Ca (72.7% for each gene) and only two strains showed the cry1Da gene (18.1%). Electrophoresis on denaturant polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) was used, where the total of protein electrophoretic profile for the 11 strains was obtained. In this profile it was found that the molecular weights obtained from the total proteins visualized in the gels ranged from 25 to 140 kDa and strains revealed two bands (45.4%), three bands (27.2%), four bands (18.1 found %) and 6 bands (9.1%). Nucleotide sequencing of 16S rRNA gene showed that, five native strains randomly selected showed a similarity percentage above 94% compared with the sequences deposited in the NCBI database. Of these five strains, three had a similarity percentage of 99%, 98% and 97% with Bacillus sp. (ZSUJTL67, ZMUJTL63 and ZCUJTL3 respectively) and the other two strains showed similarity percentages of 96% and 94% with Bacillus thuringiensis (ZMUJTL94 and ZMUJTL96). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Bio-grafía. Escritos Sobre la Biología y su Enseñanza is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and aims: Enterolobium contortisiliquum is a South American native forest tree. Gene pool variability and germinate variables were estimated in populations from Northeastern Argentina in order to analyze the relationship among gene flow, mating system, and dispersal. M&M: Individuals from Eldorado and Ituzaingó populations and seeds from Ituzaingó were genotyped by means of five and four nuclear microsatellite loci, respectively. Germinate variables were determined while genetic diversity and population structure were characterized. Indirect gene flow and pollen-mediated gene flow were estimated. Nuclear genetic variability differentiation at locus and gene pool levels was determined. Results: The analyzed populations showed high genetic diversity. At least one or two pollen donor trees by fruit were detected. Also, the absence of population genetic structure as a consequence of high pollen and seed-mediated gene flow was detected. The seeds showed the highest genetic differentiation at locus and gene pool levels. Conclusions: The high gene flow levels detected contribute to maintaining the gene pool variability while the high genetic diversity, the absence of both inbreeding and population genetic structure together with pollen-mediated gene flow support allogamy as the main mating system in the analyzed populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, whole genome association studies have been conducted to identify genetic variants associated with the interindividuality of response to dietary treatments for weight loss. These nutritional genomics efforts contribute to the advancement of nutrition science 4.0: preventive, participatory, predictive and personalized. However, although to date more than 85 million polymorphisms have been discovered in the human genome, these findings do not indicate that the presence of these variations determines an effect on a personal health. Therefore, the use of the nutrigenetic profile for weight loss leads to analyze the risks/benefits with the bioethical principles focused on the unity, individuality and uniqueness of the human person. Thus, based on classical thinkers such as Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, but with the contribution of contemporary philosophers, such as Robert Spaemman, the person is defined as an individual substance of a rational nature, breaking down the fundamental dimensions to demonstrate, by argumentation, that the principle individuality not only includes the biological dimension (materialistic naturalism), but the unity of the person belonging to human nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with the genetic characterisation of the dog Ca Rater Mallorquí, whose former function was hunting small mammals. The aim of this study is to analyse the within and between breed genetic diversity and genetic differentiation by comparing this population with other breeds with the same geographical distribution and functional characteristics. Thirty-three microsatellites recommended by the International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG) were analysed in 79 samples. The betweenbreeds genetic diversity study was carried out with data obtained from 275 samples of 5 Balearic dog breeds: Ca Mè Mallorquí, Ca de Bou, Ca de Bestiar, Ca de Conills de Menorca and Ca Eivissenc (Podenco Ibicenco). The population has not a significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with an HO of 0.656 and an HE of 0.685. The FST statistic showed that 13,10% of the genetic differentiation is due to between-breed differences. The analysis of the genetic structure clearly showed the differentiation of the Ca Rater Mallorquí from the rest of breeds, without any evident signs of substructure. In conclusion, the Ca Rater Malloquí presents a high genetic diversity, it is a defined and genetically homogeneous breed that shows no signs of crossbreeding with the rest of the breeds included in the study. These results provide essential knowledge of the genetic situation of the Ca Rater Mallorquí and constitute a starting point for the design and implementation of a conservation plan for the breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the diversity of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the peri-urban area of Montería, Córdoba, Colombia. The specimens were collected in four locations around Monteria with CDC traps and manual aspirators between February and June 2018, and they were fragmented and clarified with lactophenol, for later identification by means of specialized taxonomic keys. The diversity was estimated with the Shannon-Wiener index, localities were compared using the distance of Bray-Curtis and the richness was quantified with the Chao 2 and Jacknife 2 indices. Six species were identified: Micropygomyia cayennensis, Lutzomyia gomezi, Pintomyia rangeliana, Micropygomyia micropyga, Psathyromyia shannoni, and Pintomyia evansi. The sampling sites were similar in terms of diversity. The peri-urban area of Monteria is inhabited by generalist species of dipterans of the Psychodidae family that constitute an epidemiological risk. The species richness was affected by the characteristics of the species found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)