Search

After the 1999 Marmara earthquake, serious damages occurred in some of the drinking water networks of Sakarya province, and almost all of the sewerage networks became inoperable. In this study, the vulnerability of buried pipes, which constitute a large part of the potable water supply and distribution networks of the infrastructure systems of Sakarya province, against seismic hazards were analyzed by the Hazard US (HAZUS) method. The maximum ground velocity used in the analysis of the vulnerability of buried pipes against possible earthquakes was determined with the help of classical probabilistic earthquake hazard analysis. Soil classes used in vulnerability analysis were calculated with the help of seismic data taken from 2044 points throughout the province. Sakarya province potable water pipe inventory was created and vulnerability parameters were defined for all pipes with the help of geographic information systems. The HAZUS method, which is frequently used in the literature, was used for pipe vulnerability analysis. As a result of the analysis, damage repair rates expressing the vulnerability of all pipes were obtained and the pipes were classified according to their damage repair rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is carried out to determine the metaphors of 9th graders they have towards the concept "earthquake". 194 9th graders in Erciş, Van took part in the study in the academic year of 2012-2013. The data of the study is collected by students' completing the sentence "earthquake is like ..., because ...." and from the pictures and caricatures drawn by the students about their metaphors for the concept earthquake. The data is analyzed with content analysis method. According to the results of the study, the students produced 72 metaphors about the concept of "earthquake". These metaphors were categorized into 6 different conceptual groups according to their common features. As a result of the study, it was revealed that 5.04% of the students perceive the concept of "earthquake" as doomsday, 4.32% as fear, 3.60% as monster and cradle and 2.88% as death and disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the use of seismic geophysical method has been investigated, in order to detection of accurate forest roads., the forest road route (No. 81 code) that it was built in 2007 within Trabzon-Düzköy boundaries were examined in the study. Measurements in the study area was conducted between May and December in 2008. The Standard, the total length and average slope of reviewed forest road, was the B-type, 5 +200 km and 5%, respectively. Measurements were carried out in the excavation slope of road, 10 m away from the road axis and parallel to the road by Geometrics seismic Smartseis 12 models. It was determined P wave velocity (Vp), S wave velocity (Vs), density (d) (gr/cm³), shear modulus (μ) (kg/cm²), elasticity modulus (Ed) (kg/cm²), bulk modulus (Kd) (kg/cm²), Poisson ratio (a), soil bearing capacity (qu) (kg/cm²), and ground safety stress (qs) (kg/cm²) parameters. As a result of the investigation, it has been identified that examined forest road has a layered structure. Layers are named by the way deep into the ground as Layer 1, Layer 2 and Layer 3. Average thickness of layers are 3-8 m, 1 m and then, respectively. Rock types of layers are very weathered, weathered rocks and rock solid, respectively. As a result of the study, it was examined that it was not necessary risks such as blast, liquefaction, residence, migration, and swelling in the forest road route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, calculation of the spatial distribution of seismicity parameters and seismic hazard is implemented for the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. For this purpose, the earthquakes of magnitude of M≥4 occurred in the time period between 1964-2008 were used in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. For the estimation of seismicity parameters and its mapping, the study area is divided into 253 circular subregion. For each area, the parameters a and b in the Gutenberg-Richter magnitude-frequency relation were calculated by the least squares and the newly developed Kaltek method. The results obtained from the both methods were compared with each other. However, the b-value map prepared with the Kaltek method presented a better consistency with the regional tectonics. In the region, minimum, maximum and average b-value were calculated to be equal to bmin=0.8, bmax=l.26 and bavr=1, respectively. Finally, the return period and occurrence probability of M≥6,5 earthquake in the 100-year period were calculated using the Poisson distribution. An occurrence probability of 70-75% and a return period of less than 50 years were found for the Erzincan-Erzurum- Muş-Elaziğ area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The refraction-microtremor (ReMi) method has been recently developed to obtain average shear wave velocity (Vs30) at the depth of 30 m. In both UBC (Uniform Building Code) and EC8 (Eurocode 8), soil classification is carried out by analyzing the Vs30 values. The Isparta urban area, under high earthquake risk, has been growing on the basin deposits, therefore identification of Vs30 parameters in this area is very important for engineering surveys. The ReMi method ,which uses microtremor noise generated by heavy traffic, is the most reliable way to obtain information on the shallow shear wave velocities in densely populated areas. In this work, the method was applied to about 4 km² of the northern edge of the Isparta urban area. From this application, it is aimed to determine Vs30 velocity distribution and velocity-depth information up to 100 m depth in the study area. Totally 54 ReMi data have been collected in the area. These data were processed, converted to velocity-depth information, and then Vs30 velocity distribution map was prepared. The soil classification has been done according to UBC and EC8. Vs30 velocity distribution map implies the presence of two distinct soil classifications (C and D) in area. In addition, soil amplification and predominant periods have been determined at the points where the velocity reaches 760 m/s as seismic basement within the depth of 100 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structures in high seismic risk regions must be designed as earthquake resistant structures essentially. Several design methods are used for these designs. One of them, the most recent method is Nonlinear Time History Analysis. There are three different kinds of records of ground acceleration (actual and synthetic records as well as spectrum compatible artificial records) for this design method (Fajhan, 2008). Soil characteristic of different regions must be also considered while these records are being used. In this study, A3 irregularity defined by Turkish Seismic Code-2007 is investigated by Nonlinear Time History Analysis. Three records are scaled in according to the elastic spectrum given by the Turkish Seismic Code-2007, first. Then one of them (which has maximum peak acceleration) is applied to all structures (ones which has A3 irregularities as well as regular one) involved. According to the results of analysis shear forces of first floor columns are found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]