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Introduction: The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of restraints applied in intensive care units and the neurovascular effects on patients to whom physical restraints are applied. Material and Methods: The cross-sectional observational study was conducted between April 2018 and September 2018 in the internal and surgical intensive care units of a state hospital. The study included 120 patients to whom physical restraints were applied. The data were collected using a data collection form developed in accordance with the literature through a review of patient records in addition to observation and interview methods. The patients under restraint were observed and the nurses responsible for patient care were interviewed. Approval for the study was granted by the Local Ethics Committee, permission was obtained from the institution and informed consent from the relatives of the intensive care units patients in the study. Data obtained in the study were analysed statistically using SPSS vn 22.0 software and descriptive statistics, the Cochran Q test, Chi-square test, Friedman test and the Kruskal Wallis test. Results: A statistically significant increase was observed in oedema and colour change in the region below the physical restraint in a 5-day observation period and pulse strength was determined to have decreased (p<0.05). No significant change was determined in the temperature and capillary filling time of the restrained area in the 5-day observation period (p>0.05). No significant difference was determined between the restraining materials used in respect of oedema and pulse strength. A statistically significant difference was determined between the restraining materials used in respect of colour change, capillary filling time and temperature parameters on the second and third days of the restricted area (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that in physical restraint, which is mostly preferred in intensive care units, an increase in the period of physical restraint increases the possibility of neurovascular complications and the use of special restraint equipment could reduce the potential development of neurovascular complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Our aim in this study was to assess the ocular surface and tear film changes in acne vulgaris patients receiving systemic isotretinoin. Material and Method: Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients who received oral isotretinoin (roaccutane®, 0.7 mg/kg/day) for nodular acne vulgaris were enrolled in this prospective study. Tear film break-up time (BUT), Schirmer 1 test scores with anesthesia, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores and conjunctival impression cytology scores were recorded before treatment and at 3- and 6-month visits following the beginning of treatment. Results: BUT values decreased and OSDI scores significantly increased at 3 months after treatment (p = 0.007 and p = 0.018, paired samples test). Schirmer scores did not significantly change by isotretinoin treatment. Of 9 eyes with impression cytology specimens, 4 revealed normal conjunctival findings before treatment. At the 3rd month, there was an increase in the scores characterized by decrease of Goblet cells, and at 6 months of treatment, normal conjunctival findings did not exist in any of the patients (p=0.004, Friedman test). Discussion: Systemic isotretinoin treatment can cause alterations in the tear film and cause dry eye symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]