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Istanbul is an important city that carries the traces of numerous civilizations throughout history, having a strategic location and a rich cultural heritage. It has served as the capital of great civilizations, a crossroads of trade routes, and a melting point of diverse cultures. It has been a destination for many travelers over the centuries. Travelers and visitors to Istanbul have aimed to explore the unique atmosphere. Additionally, the city has captured the interest of significant statesmen, writers, artists, and scholars. The recurring visits by Hungarians to Istanbul during the late 19th century are a manifestation of this interest. These visits often transcended mere tourism, acquiring a distinct dimension with the personal receptions by state dignitaries and their accompanying of the visitors. Moreover, owing to the evolving relations between the Ottoman Empire and Hungary, Hungarian visitors enjoyed a privileged position compared to visitors from other countries. Thus, they had the opportunity to thoroughly explore Istanbul’s history and cultural fabric. They have experienced a distinctive Istanbul journey by visiting significant offices of the Ottoman Empire. Towards the end of the century, Hungarian interest in Istanbul became evident through organized journeys. They conveyed their experiences and impressions during trips to the Hungarian press. The impressions conveyed to the Hungarian media, coupled with thoughts about the Turks and Istanbul, fostered a deeper sense of intimacy between the two nations. Additionally, the accounts of these travelers offer diverse perspectives on Istanbul’s political, social, and cultural life. This study focuses on the visits of Hungarians to Istanbul during the period of II. Abdulhamid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our press history, the Second Constitutional Era is a period in which the number of periodicals literally exploded. However, most of the periodicals that started broadcasting in this period were short-lived. The Hande magazine, which is the subject of the review, was published between April 4 and April 25, 1910 as only four issues, reflecting the characteristics of the period. On the cover page, Hande introduced itself as "a weekly literary humor newspaper." The editor of the magazine was Hüseyin Nazmi, and the editorin-chief was Cevdet Maşuk. Although Hande introduced itself as a humor newspaper, when compared to humor magazines in our press history such as Karagöz and Akbaba, it seems to be a magazine whose literary aspect outweighs the humor aspect. As a matter of fact, the magazine mostly included stories, poems, riddles and telegrams from readers rather than humor elements such as cartoons and jokes. Although Hande had a short publication life, its importance in terms of our press history is that it is a continuation of Eşref/Musavver Eşref magazine. In this article, Hande magazine was analyzed by qualitative content analysis method. If the literature is scanned, it can be seen that there is no academic study about Hande magazine. This article is the first academic study on Hande magazine. Issues of the journal were obtained from the National Library-Digital Periodicals section and Hakkı Tarık Us Digital Library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite policies aimed at ensuring gender equality in the scientific community, women are underrepresented in various fields of science in many countries. While there is a complex set of social, cultural, economic and structural factors behind women's disadvantage, the media has a prominent place among these factors. This is because the media are one of the main sources of information that play a role in shaping attitudes and beliefs about science and scientists, especially in the absence of real-life role models. In this context, the media can encourage women and girls to turn to science, but it can also exclude them from scientific endeavors or limit their participation. Based on this potential of the media, this study analyses how women scientists are represented in science news in Turkey. The main purpose of this study is to determine the level of visibility of women scientists in the print media in Turkey, where women's participation in the world of science is high compared to many countries in the world. In this context, the problematic of the study is to determine whether the science news published in the newspapers BirGün, Hürriyet, and Yeni Şafak, which have different political orientations, serve to protect and reinforce gender inequalities in the world of science or to challenge these inequalities. In the study, a total of 527 science news items published on the websites of the aforementioned newspapers in January, May, and September 2019 were examined through content analysis. The study concluded that the proportion of women scientists in the newspapers is well below the proportion of women scientists in Turkey; although there are small differences between newspapers with different political orientations regarding their level of visibility and participation in different fields of science, they all underrepresent women scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the proclamation of the Second Constitutionalism on 23-24 July 1908, significant changes were happened in matters such as organization and association The existence of newspapers and magazines in Albanian language in the organizations of Albanian clubs opened in places such as Istanbul, Thessaloniki, Manastır, Görice, Elbasan and Shkodra was an important step for the development of the Albanian language. However, a dilemma arose regarding the Albanian language. This dilemma brought up the issue of whether the Albanian language should be written in Latin or Arabic letters. In this process, there were various discussions among Albanian intellectuals in Istanbul on the subject. Newspapers published by Albanians were seen as a field of discussion on the issue of letters. These newspapers represent an important process among the development stages of the Albanian language. Some of the newspapers were written in Ottoman Turkish and some of them were written based on the Albanian language with Latin or Arabic letters. One of the most important of these newspapers was published by Derviş Hima (İbrahim Mehmet Naci) under the name "Arnavud/Shqipetari" in Istanbul Beyoğlu. The 74th and last issue of the newspaper, which started its publication life on January 13, 1910, was published on October 25, 1912. The weekly newspaper was published for almost three years and brought up important issues about Albanians. In this study, the newspaper Arnavud/Shqipetari from the Istanbul press of the second sonstitutional period was analyzed and some important articles about the Albanian language, culture and history were conveyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

That Armenian historians disagree on the origin and geography of the ancient Armenians is a reality. As known Armenians lived under various administrations worldwide. For instance, the Armenian Patriarchate was founded by Mehmet the Conqueror, and considerable numbers of Armenians from conquered lands settled in Istanbul under Yavuz Sultan Selim and Suleiman the Magnificent. After the 1821 Greek Revolt, Armenians took over numerous Greek state tasks. The so called "Millet-i Sadıka" Armenians lived in harmony with other nations in the Ottoman Empire for almost five hundred years. After Russia won the Ottoman-Russian war in 1877-1878, foreign governments were allowed to intervene in Ottoman borders, making the Armenian issue an international issue. After that, the Iranian State helped the Ottoman Armenian uprisings in several ways. Iran supported the foundation of rebel groups like Hinchak, Dashnak, and Armenekan. Furthermore Iranian consulates issued passports to Armenians so they could travel freely and avoid unpleasant situations. Iranian media slanted Armenian coverage and reported that Armenians were massacred. This study examines how the Iranian press and primary sources covered the Armenian issue's rise. It will contribute to the literature by providing information about the Iranian perspective on the Armenian issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Republic of Turkey is preparing to celebrate the 100th anniversary of its foundation. The establishment of the Ankara Government, which is one of the most significant steps of the historical process toward the Republic, has special importance in terms of the Turkish independence movement and the Turkish history of democracy in the context of issues related to the steps of the National Struggle. Not much research has been conducted on the inclusion of the activities of the Anatolian resistance against imperialism throughout the year 1921 in the Russian press. The Russian press of the period closely followed the foundation of the Republic of Turkey. The strategic position of Anatolia was under the focus of both the Bolsheviks that came to power in Russia and the part of the Russian public opposing the Bolsheviks. Therefore, the initial years of the Ankara Government can be traced in the Russian press of those years. In this study, it is aimed to discuss the types of news items that were included in the Russian press directly or indirectly related to the Ankara Government in 1921, the views of the Bolsheviks and the opposition about the Ankara Government, the types of relevant narratives, and what these narratives meant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of popular sovereignty, which was emphasized both in the congresses period and in the Grand National Assembly during the National Struggle, was actually a sign of the process that would turn into the Republic after the great victory. The idea of the Republic, however, was not mentioned in that period as the integrity of the homeland and the national independence were prioritized. Thus, Anatolian movement could be limited to the concept of national sovereignty until the proclamation of the Republic. That period, which was followed closely by many countries, was also observed by United States of America which emerged as a great power. U.S press released foundation process of the Republic of Türkiye together with the other developments in Anatolia to American public with various comments. Throughout that period, the figure whose name most remained on the agenda in the domestic and foreign public opinion regarding Türkiye was Mustafa Kemal Pasha the founding father of the new regime. In the beginning, while he did not use the word “Republic” in his statements to U.S press about Ankara government, he stood aloof from this regime and carried out the cautious policy followed before the proclamation of the Republic. On the other hand, while Entente Powers was putting forward the danger of Bolshevism for National Struggle movement, warning statements from Ankara that kept this danger alive were reflected in newspaper columns. The proclamation of the Republic in October 1923 and naming the regime officially were interpreted in American newspapers with praise and sometimes with the concern that Türkiye might be an authoritarian regime and Mustafa Kemal became the prominent figure in the news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ismet Pasha stands out with his political identity, and military personality and is known by the world’s public opinion. Besides his achievements in the process of the Mudanya Armistice, his appointment as the chief delegate of Turkey that participated in the Lausanne Conference as the Minister of Foreign Affairs was effective in shaping his political personality. With this process, Ismet Pasha has become a figure closely followed by Turkey and world public opinion. In particular, the American press began to watch Ismet Pasha with interest and carried the personal characteristics and military and political achievements of Ismet Pasha to the newspaper columns. In the literature review, no scientific study was found that revealed the impressions of the American press on Ismet Pasha from the Mudanya Armistice to the Lausanne Conference. From that, the news/articles related to the participation of Ismet Pasha and Turkey in the Mudanya and Lausanne conferences in the American press were examined. Based on these news/articles, it was aimed to reveal the impressions of the American press about Ismet Pasha and his views on Turkey and thus contribute to the literature. The information and data obtained from the newspapers included in the study by using literature review, archive research and document analysis methods. Herewith, it was concluded that Ismet Pasha was closely followed by the American press from the Armistice of Mudanya to the Lausanne Conference and that he attempted to create a public opinion that successfully represented Turkey with his self-confident, determined and serious stance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a tool of socialization, the press plays an effective role in the construction and reconstruction of collective identity. Elements that define identity can be disseminated and preserved through the press. Ethnic identity, as one of the collective identities, is reconstructed in the social arena through various rituals based on history, culture, mythology, etc. At this point, the representation of ethnic identities by the press and the presentation of rituals are important. In this study, the role of local press in the reconstruction of identity is examined in Iğdır, where Azerbaijani Turks and Kurds live together as two upper ethnic identities. The study seeks to answer how the Nevruz-Newroz festival, which holds significance for both ethnic identities, is presented in Iğdır local press and how the "us-others" dichotomy is constructed. To achieve this, the critical discourse analysis method of Van Dijk was used to analyze the Nevruz-Newroz content published in the March 2023 issues of local newspapers such as Yeşil Iğdır, Güven, Aras, Doğuş, and Iğdır Yaşar. The study found that Yeşil Iğdır, Güven, and Iğdır Yaşar newspapers presented the festival from the perspective of Azerbaijani Turks, while Doğuş and Aras newspapers presented it from the perspective of Kurds. The findings showed a parallelism between the ethnic identities and political views of newspaper owners and the way the festival was presented in their newspapers. This suggests that the newspapers played an important role in the reconstruction of the two upper identities in Iğdır. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a multifaceted fact the foreign post incident had a great repercussion throughout the world until the early parts of the 20th century. Foreign post offices, an integral component and consequence of the expansionist policies of European states, had a significant impact on the Ottoman Empire. Western postal administrations conducted operations within Ottoman settlements for an extended period. The Ottoman Empire also came to the fore as a country where European postal administrations competed among themselves. Foreign post offices, initially established on the basis of commercial and social considerations, eventually gained a political dimension. The Ottoman Empire, which adopted a Western-style postal system in 1840, prioritized the development of its domestic postal infrastructure as a matter of institutional policy. However, this initiative was met with resistance from European postal administrations who sought to maintain their presence within Ottoman territory. Despite objections to the perceived lack of structural transformation and operational competence within the Ottoman Postal Administration, the Empire’s participation in the inaugural international postal congress in Bern in 1874 marked a significant turning point. Becoming a founding member of the Universal Postal Union enabled the Ottoman Empire to provide international postal services within two years, fulfilling a critical requirement for membership that had been leveraged by European States. Nonetheless, this did not resolve all of the Empire’s issues related to foreign postal services, which continued to be a source of political, economic, and social contention. Although the European press extensively covered this topic, a comprehensive academic study has yet to be undertaken. In addition, little attention has been given in foreign literature to alternative perspectives on the issue of foreign postal services in the Ottoman Empire. This article aims to point out the gap in the literature by examining the foreign press’s coverage of the Ottoman Empire’s postal system and exploring alternative approaches to this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, news, articles and obituaries in the British press about Atatürk's illness, death and his reforms to modernize Turkey were evaluated. This study aims to reveal the reflection of Atatürk's illness and death and the reforms carried out by Atatürk to modernize Turkey in the British press. Since the first months of 1938, it was determined that Atatürk had serious health problems and his treatment was started. The British press kept a close eye on the treatment process that spanned several months. The treatment did not yield positive results and Atatürk passed away on November 10, 1938. The British press extensively covered all aspects of Atatürk's illness and his passing, including the public opening of his funeral at Dolmabahçe Palace, his transportation from İstanbul to Ankara, and the placement of his body in a temporary tomb. Atatürk's reforms to modernize Turkey frequently accompanied news about his illness and passing in the British press. In addition, Atatürk's efforts to improve Turkish-British relations were evaluated in the British press, and it was emphasized that the relations between the two countries had greatly improved as a result of Atatürk's efforts. In this study, the document and content analysis method was preferred. Accordingly, news and articles on the subject were determined, and then they were classified according to the subjects. The possible findings of the study are to contribute to the literature on the subject and to present the attitude of the British press about Atatürk and Turkey to the reader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Talât Pasha was between 3 February 1917 - 8 October 1918 at the capital. During his short period of duty, there had been developments that changed the course of the First World War and even ended it. Shortly after he became Grand Vizier, the Bolshevik Revolution started in Russia and Russia withdrew from the war. Although the withdrawal of Russia from the war seemed like to be a victory of the allies, the desire to have Baku petroleum and the disagreements over the Caucasus started a rough competition between The Ottoman Empire and Germany. This competition almost started a war between the two allies. Pasha visitted Berlin to appease this environment. On the other hand, Talât Pasha was also shown as the number one reason responsible for the deportation. In the end, after signing the Armistice of Mondros, he and other Unionist leaders had to flee abroad. The aim of this paper is to follow the changing profiles in the Turkish press according to political developments in the last years of the war when the Unionist hold and lost power, through Talât Pasha. Also how the period of Talât Pasha working as Grand Vizier and fleeing the country is shown in the press; Pasha's statements while he was Grand Vizier, his travels, his Brest-Litovsk meetings, his escape with a German boat to a foreign country and his life being ended when he assassination in Berlin. His biography is presented with the help of important newspapers of that time such as Ikdam, Sabah, Tanin, Zaman, Tercümân-i Hakîkat, Tasvîr-i Efkâr, Vakit and Yenigün. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to reveal the reflections of the foreign policies of the Democrat Party (DP), which has a great importance in our political history and the transition to multi-party life, in the Elâzığ press during the period when the DP was in power. Within the scope of the study, important newspapers of the Elâzığ press covering the 1950-1960 periods were scanned. The results obtained from Uluova, Turan and Elâzığ newspapers, which were important print media sources of Elâzığ in that period, were evaluated. The research framework consists of local newspapers published in the province of Elâzığ, news published on the foreign policies of the DP government and the researcher's comments. Within the scope of the study, newspapers published between 1950-1960 were examined and around 1200 news and written documents related to the DP were found. As a result of the study, in which the qualitative case analysis method was adopted, it was seen that the press in Elâzığ closely followed the foreign policy practices of the DP government and gave wide coverage to the developments in foreign policy in its news content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Founded by Charles-Louis Havas in 1835, Havas Agent is the first news center on an international level and represents the starting point of information production and dissemination, which is a sign of power today. Increasing in number in the middle of the 19th century, these news agencies were able to turn international agendas into the content of a local newspaper through their expanding telegraph lines and the correspondents they assigned in various countries. Among these contents were the wars of the 19th century, which caused the borders in Europe to be constantly redrawn. While the Crimean War took its place in history as the first war that the international public followed through the press, the following 1877- 1878 Ottoman-Russian War, the Boer War, the 1905 Russia-Japan War and the 1911 Tripoli War were closely followed by the international public. With the increase in communication opportunities and the emergence of war correspondent as a professional profession, the international community has had the opportunity to follow each war more closely than the previous one. In parallel with these developments, the Balkan Wars also attracted a great deal of attention from the international community. This study aims to examine the siege of Edirne, one of the most important turning points of the First Balkan War, not only through archive documents, but also through the telegrams published in the newspapers of Russian, French, English and Bulgarian war correspondents working in and around the city, and the autobiographical texts they wrote in the same period. It also intends to evaluate and contribute to the literature of both the Balkan Wars and the history of the press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hür Gençlik was published by the Istanbul High Education Youth Society founded by a group of democrat, progressive, leftist youth. Published in two periods 1946-47 and 1949-51, it especially attached importance to the freedom of Nazım Hikmet in its first period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 17th century, Izmir became known as one of the most important port cities and trade centers of the Eastern Mediterranean, and in the 19th century it was one of the main centers where political and cultural life began to flourish in parallel with commercial development. Muslims, Greeks, Armenians, Jews, Levantines, Western merchants and their consulates contributed to Izmir's multiculturalism while giving it a European urban identity. Therefore, for the first time within the borders of the Ottoman state, non-Turkish press was born and developed in İzmir. The Jewish press also emerged for the first time in Izmir. The most important and distinctive feature of the Izmir Jewish Press was its multilingualism, just like the community it represented. But it was predominantly Ladino. Even the alphabet used in the directory was of four types. Beginning in 1845 and continuing its existence, except for interruptions, by being affected by the political and economic changes over the years, the press organs of the Jews of Izmir ceased publication in 1924. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When studying "Periodicals in the Ottoman Empire published in languages other than Turkish" it is natural to include Judeo-Spanish and Hebrew, which are used in the publications of the Jewish community in different parts of the Empire. In this article, we aim to analyse the subject solely within the context of Istanbul, based on the available data. Judeo-Spanish also known as Ladino in international platforms was referred to by various names such as Judeo-Espanyol, Yahudice, Musevice, Cudezmo and Sefardi among the people. Contrary to popular belief, the use of Hebrew was very limited. We observe that the use of Turkish language in the press became widespread only after the 1950s thanks to the new generations who were educated within the National Education system of the new Republic. Meanwhile, French took the second position, influenced by the Alliance schools established by the French Jewish community in various cities of the Ottoman Empire, Currently, the Jewish press in Turkey consists of the weekly Şalom newspaper which is published in Turkish and its monthly supplement El Amaneser [Dawn] published in Judeo- Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between the sixteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries, the distinctive Rabbinic Judezmo (or Ladino or Judeo-Spanish) linguistic variety was the predominant literary variety used by the Sephardic Jews of the Ottoman Empire for publishing in the vernacular. An example of its use in Late Ottoman Eretz Israel (Land of Israel) or Palestine in the first half of the nineteenth century is the language of the taqqanot or communal regulations governing aspects of life in Eretz Israel at that time formulated by H. A. Gagin and published in the book Matoq mi-dĕvaš (Sweeter than honey) at the press of Israel Baeckin Jerusalem, 1842. With the onset of westernization and modernization from the end of the eighteenth century, a Judezmo press and secular literature began to emerge at the middle of the nineteenth century. In Ottoman Eretz Israel the first Judezmo periodical, Havaselet: Mĕvasseret Yĕrušalayim, edited by Jerusalem-born E. Benveniste, began to appear at the press of Israel Baeck in 1870/71. It continued to use some linguistic and stylistic features typical of Rabbinic Judezmo; but it also incorporated elements being borrowed into Judezmoat the time from influential Western European languages such as Italian and French. The language and style of the periodicals edited and published by the next generation of Judezmo journalists in Ottoman Eretz Israel, whose most outstanding representative was probably Jerusalemborn S. I. Sherezli, were characterized by far fewer features reminiscent of traditional Rabbinic Judezmo and much more significant influence from Western European languages such as French, Italian, and to a lesser extent, Castilian. With the founding of the State of Israel in 1948 a new generation of journalists, mostly immigrants from regions of the former Ottoman Empire, continued Judezmo journalism, mostly based in Tel Aviv, employing an even more highly western-influenced language. But with the growing success of the Hebrew Revival movement in Eretz Israel and the State of Israel, Judezmo journalism there was almost entirely replaced by the burgeoning Hebrew press. The article illustrates and analyzes the transition in the Judezmo press of Late Ottoman Eretz Israel from a more traditional to a considerably more modernized, westernized language and style; as well as the allusions in the local Judezmo press to the increasing use of Hebrew as a living spoken and written language amongst all of the Jewish residents of Late Ottoman Eretz Israel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In publishing terms, the Bulgarian lands lagged behind other cities of the Ottoman Empire with dense Sephardi populations. Sofia, Plovdiv and Ruse were home to almost all Bulgarian Sephardi publications. Although the region is chiefly considered to be the cradle of Zionist publications, many other genres including theatre plays, short stories or novels have also flourished in the region. This study introduces the Universita Sefaradi de Enverano de Halberstadt ('Halberstadt Sephardi Summer School') and the Universita Sefaradi de Enverano de Halberstadt ('Halberstadt School of Transcriptors'), where researchers and students interested in Sephardic culture meet every year under the guidance of Michael Studemund-Halévy to lead Bulgarian Sephardic literature to the present day. This school welcomes participants from different countries every year and has produced a series of books entitled La Boz de Bulgaria, which includes texts from Bulgarian Sephardic literature, in an attempt to keep the Judeo-Spanish language alive. The series has been published in the Fuente Clara, Sephardic Studies collection of the Tirocinio Publishing House run by Pilar Romeu, an independent researcher of Sephardic studies in Barcelona. This study aims to offer information about the Bulgarian literature and press by introducing 6 books published in the series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The death of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, one of the most prominent figures that history has witnessed, was encountered with sorrow not only in Türkiye but also all over the world. Australia also met the death of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk with sadness, and she gave a great place to it in their national news. The relations between the Republic of Türkiye and Australia increased thanks to the friendship that ANZAC soldiers established with the Turkish soldiers in the Gallipoli Front in World War I; and the admiration of ANZACs for Atatürk continued. They experienced a deep sorrow due to the death news of such a genius on 10 November 1938. The reflexions of Atatürk’s death were the subject of many researches both at home and abroad. Within this context, the relevant researchers examined the news different countries wrote about the death of Atatürk. In this study, the reflexions of Atatürk’s death in Australian press were discussed. The main resources of the study consist of newspapers of that time such as the Sunday Tribune, the Courier- Mail, the Labour Daily, the Sunday Times, the News, the Kalgoorlie Miner, Evening News, the West Australian, the Armidale Express, the Examiner, the Advocate, the Age, The Herald, Western Star and Roma Advertiser, Morning Bulletin, Canberra Times, Daily Mercury, Central Queensland Herald. These newspapers ranging from 1 November to 30 December were thoroughly examined, and the results obtained were interpreted with the support of other resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire started to implement policies with a productive perspective in order to increase wealth, and since the state was more competitive to increase agricultural production at this point, the agricultural sector was preferred and implemented in this direction. One of the policies it has implemented is the spread of agricultural mechanization in the country. This study stated the policies implemented by the state for the spread of agricultural mechanization, and the change experienced in the process was examined by examining the articles in the press and the process of agricultural mechanization was illustrated. The content of the study is explained what the concept of propaganda is due to the use of the press as a propaganda tool, the function of the press as a policy tool is explained, and it is emphasized that the press constantly touches on the same issues for intellectual change in order to increase agricultural mechanization. As a result of the articles for the spread of mechanization in the press, it is observed that the mechanization has increased in the country and this increases the number of mechanization used. As it is frequently mentioned in the press, even if factors such as lack of capital and not being open to innovations have slowed down the spread of mechanization, there is a partial success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

President İsmet İnönü's determined stance is one of the developments in foreign policy, especially in the Second World War. The victory of the pro-democracy England, France and the USA in World War II accelerated the process of transition to a multi-party political life. In this process, with the establishment of parties such as the National Development Party (MKP) and the Democrat Party (DP), the long-lasting single-party period in Turkey came to an end. The 27-year Republican People's Party (CHP) government came to an end with the 14 May 1950 elections, especially as the DP gained strength in the hearts of the people after the 1946 elections. In the new era in Turkey, DP has turned into the ruling party and CHP has turned into an opposition party. In this context, between the years 1950-1960, which is expressed as the DP period, parliamentary elections were held in 1950, 1954 and 1957. The most troublesome period of the DP government, which won the aforementioned 1950 and 1954 general elections by a wide margin, was the election that took place in 1957, when it struggled with both internal and external problems. As a result of the election, the DP lost a significant amount of votes compared to the previous elections, and accordingly, the number of deputies decreased. While this is the case across Turkey, the DP in Kütahya achieved a serious success by winning all 8 deputies. In the study; The reflections of the 1957 general elections, which are not in parallel with Turkey, on the city of Kütahya, and the changes made in the election law, the methods used by the parties in nominating candidates, the propaganda process and how they evaluate the election results are mentioned in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empresses, in particular, always had a privileged place in the Byzantine Empire from its foundation to its collapse, and they played an important role in both politics and religious politics. One of these empresses is Pulcheria. Pulcheria played a very important role in both state affairs and religious affairs, from being empress as regent of her brother Theodosios II at the age of 15 until her death at the age of 54. The subject of the study is Pulcheria and its reflections on Byzantine art. In this context, Theotokos Khalkoprateia Church, Blakhernae Theotokos Church, Hodegetria Church and St. Laurence Church, which was built by Empress Pulcheria or at least led to its establishment, were examined in line with the sources of the period and the views of scientists. It is known that Pulcheria was a devout Christian and especially took on the guardianship of holy relics. Bringing the relics of St. Stephanos to Istanbul is also depicted on an ivory panel. It is known that Pulcheria brought many innovations to the imperial coin iconography. In this context, the innovations that Pulcheria brought to the imperial coin iconography were evaluated in the light of the coin samples of the period. Similar examples of the Steelyard Weight, which is thought to belong to Pulcheria, were examined and it was discussed why the busts of the emperor and empress were used in the scale knobs. In the evaluation and conclusion part, the works that are the subject of the study were evaluated comparatively with similar examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This book, published in 2021 by Bedri Cumhur Doğu and Okan Kaya, consists of related news clippings that were reflected in the newspapers in the early Republican period. The book aims to convey to the reader the impact of the practices aimed at closing the lodges and zawiyas on Bektashis through the news reflected in the press. Bektashi dervish lodges were closed together with other sects and all kinds of sect practices were banned within the scope of the law enacted in 1925 for the closure of lodges and zawiyas. While the Bektashis complied with these law requirements, they tried to maintain the sect's requirements by carrying their rituals to their homes in secrecy. As a result of the exercises carried out in this context, these meetings held at homes were raided and many Bektashi babas and dervishes were arrested and referred to the jurisdiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first quarter of the 19th century represents an important period that involved great changes in the political arena regarding the Russian Turks. The 1905 Russian Revolution was the main reason for the revival of an inexperienced reformist generation in this field. The political movements that started right before the Revolution gained momentum with the declaration of the October 17 Manifesto and continued until the October Revolution. Tsar Nicholas II's decision to open the Duma prompted Russian Turks, who had been oppressed for centuries regarding political, religious, and national fields and were accepted as second-class citizens by the administration, to express their need for a constitutional order. Thus, the Jadid intellectuals in the political field directed Russian Turks through the magazines and newspapers they published by taking advantage of the freedom of press. With the alliances Russian Turks formed and the meetings they held, they raised their society's awareness in the political arena, and they prepared with great hope for the Dumas period in Tsarist Russia. However, the closure of the First Duma by the tsar's edict before being able to meet their expectations led to a break in the Russian Turks view of the future of the Duma and constitutional order in Russia. Opinions were expressed in press organs about the First Duma's closure and what constitutional administration meant for the Russian Turks, with the tsar and the government being directly criticized. This study aims to answer how Russian Turks had reacted to the closure of the First Duma through the Idel-Ural periodicals and reveal what the constitutional government meant for Russian Turks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development and spread of mass media, it has been possible to transmit news content to the masses much more quickly. In addition to the national mainstream media, which provides a public service to large masses, there is also a press .and broadcast branch that conducts local reporting activities aimed at relatively small audiences within a limited area or district. This branch of press and broadcast, known as the local press, is as important as the mainstream media in both setting the agenda and forming public opinion. In this context, the study focuses on the frequency of the appearance of the news related to local tourism and related thematic levels of that news. The universe of this study consists of local newspapers released in Edirne/ Keşan province and the sample size of the study is based on Medya Keşan newspaper, which was first printed on May 17, 1993 in Edirne/Keşan province with its printed issues between January 2006 and December 2012 and digital issues between January 2013 and June 2022. The aim of the study is to determine and evaluate the frequency of the appearance of the tourism keyword in the news headlines and the relational level of this keyword with other concepts and word indexes in printed and digital issues of this local newspaper within a period of 15 years and 6 months. For this purpose, the printed and digital issues of the newspaper were screened and the obtained data were interpreted using frequency analysis and categorical analysis techniques within content analysis. As a result of the study, it was understood that the local press as well as the mainstream media plays an important role in producing news content in both traditional and digital journalism and at the same time it acted as an agenda setter. Further suggestions were made by drawing attention to the need for local press to receive the necessary training and support in producing news content in the field of tourism. It has also been discussed that tourism is not only about rest and entertainment. In addition to this, it was emphasized that by covering areas such as institutions, individuals, activities, environment, enviromental economy and infrastructure, the subject of tourism journalism could be enlarged on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cyprus issue has become one of the main elements of Turkish-Greek relations since the mid-1950s, has been perceived as a "national cause" by the public opinions of both Türkiye and Greece, and has become one of the most important determinants of Turkish foreign policy. At the Summit Conference held at the level of prime ministers in Keşan and Alexandroupolis on 9-10 September 1967, it was aimed to find a peaceful solution to the existing problems between Türkiye and Greece, including the Cyprus issue, through bilateral negotiations. The meetings, which started with the request and invitation of the Greek side, were inconclusive due to the Greece's imposition of enosis as the only possible solution in Cyprus. These meetings had wide repercussions in the Turkish public opinion both before and after; various comments and evaluations were made on the issues discussed at the meetings, the thesis and approaches of the parties and other international actors, and the policy should to be followed against Greece. The public's attitude towards the meetings and their results has become evident in two ways: a positive or critical approach to the meetings. When evaluated in very general terms, while the ruling party and the circles close to it welcomed the meetings and the results obtained, those in the opposition took a critical attitude, although the dose was different. In this study, it has been examined how the Keşan-Alexandroupolis meetings are perceived and evaluated by different segments of the Turkish public (government/opposition parties, press and non-governmental organizations). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Albanians with a predominantly Muslim population, had the privilige of being one of the ruling-nations of the Ottoman Empire alongside the Turks for five centuries. While Türkiye, under the leadership of Atatürk, followed a completely independent policy after the establishment of the republic in 1923, Albania, in the absence of a leader like Atatürk, made concessions to Italy and under the influence of that country transformed from Republic to a Kingdom. The Italians prevented Albania from joining the Balkan Pact, and later on invaded the country. Zog, the King of Albania abandoned his crown and his throne with his two-days-old son and his post-partum wife and sought refuge first in Greece and then in Türkiye. The original contribution of this article to the literature lies in the fact that it is the first work to examine the two-months long (May 03-July 01, 1939) forced stay of the deposed King in Turkey. Since no documents can be found either in the Turkish Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the Republican Archives of the State Archives on King's forced stay in Turkey, this study is based on the articles published in the Turkish newspapers of the era. This study is limited to King Zog's asylum in Turkey, and do not discuss issues such as the reflections of the occupation of Albania on the Turkish press or Turkish foreign policy, as they are the subject of other scientific studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology has brought innovations to the field of journalism, as in every profession. These innovations enable new forms of journalism. The way the profession of journalism is practiced is scrutinized due to the development of audio-visual technology, the existence of social networks, the ethical and legal problems of data flow, the contribution of citizens to the formation of news content or the gradual increase in infollution and the loss of trust in the news. On the other hand, all such cases are related to news or data transfer in which people are involved. At this point, another problem has emerged; the existence of the technology that can produce the news or the content itself. In this context, news sites named Knowherenews.com and TheBipartisanpress.com, which are among the first examples of artificial intelligence journalism still online, are examined in terms of news production and creation processes. Within the scope of the study, descriptive analysis, which is a kind of qualitative data analysis that includes explanation and interpretation according to predetermined categories, is used. In order to make the study more descriptive and explanatory, both news sites are discussed in five different categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the social and organizational structure determined by the capitalist productionconsumption relations, the contents produced by the media have an ideological function within the framework of power relations. In especially news texts, social realities are reconstructed consciously in line with the language and policies of the Powers. Based on this, in this study, the contents produced in various media about Matild Manukyan, the owner of brothels, who was frequently on the agenda with his tax record holders in Turkey for a period, were discussed in the context of media, power-power relations, representation in the media and ethics. Descriptive content analysis was used as a method, and the news published in national newspapers and some other media contents related to the subject were examined. As a result, it has been determined that the media uses the same language with political and economic powers, even on sex work issue which has big ethically/moral problems, and creates an ethical gap by excluding many issues and concepts such as human rights violations, trafficking in women, and violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newspapers that we can express as the diaries of a nation; It contains information about the social and political texture, values, personalities and institutions of the period in which it was published. Newspapers are not only the news source of the period in which they were published, but also provide a rich data source that can be used by many disciplines from politics to history, from economy to education, from law to sociology. In the research, it is aimed to examine the reflections of the news about democracy between 1946-1960 in the local press of Malatya. The research has a qualitative method and a case study model was used. The newspapers Fırat, Malatya Postası and Yeni Malatya Postası, which were included in the Malatya local press between 1946 and 1960 in the National Library Periodicals Archive, were determined as the study group of the research. Among the determined newspapers, nearly 7000 newspaper pages were scanned and democracy news was taken as a basis and criterion sampling method was used. As a result of the scanning, a total of 891 news related to the subject of democracy were reached, classified in eight categories and coded. The document analysis method was used as a data collection tool in the research, and the content analysis technique was used in the analysis of the data. In line with the analysis, it was concluded that the understanding of democracy, culture, institutions, political texture and personalities of the period from the transition of Turkey to the multi-party political life in 1946 until 1960 were tried to be reflected through the example of the Malatya local press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific knowledge has become a fundamental and integral part of individuals' daily lives. Science news in conventional and digital media is an important source of information for individuals. In this sense, the media has a central role as a guide in conveying scientific developments. Science journalists make complex topics and scientific research understandable for audiences at different levels. In this sense, developments in the field of science are shared through the media to the general public. The public has a keen interest in new treatments and technological developments, especially in medical issues. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the leading trends in science journalism based on specific bibliometric indicators. For this purpose, articles related to science journalism scanned in the Web of Science database are analyzed. The study uses the VOSviewer program for bibliometric analysis. As a result, it is determined that 190 articles related to science journalism in the field of communication are scanned in the Web of Science database. It is seen that 53 of these articles were published by researchers in the United States of America. It is noteworthy that there is no study from Turkey among these articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu çalışmada Millî Mücadele dönemi boyunca Kütahya’da yaşanan gelişmeler, ABD ve İngiltere basınına yansıyan yönleriyle ele alınmıştır. Dolayısıyla ABD ve İngiltere basınından yararlanılmak suretiyle 1918-1922 yılları arasında Kütahya’da yaşananların okuyucunun bilgisine sunulması çalışmanın ana gayesidir. Bu araştırmada karşılaştırmalı içerik analizi yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Buna göre öncelikle araştırma konusuyla ilgili haber ve yazılar tespit edilmiş, ardından bu haber ve yazılar objektiflik ilkesi göz önünde bulundurulmak suretiyle tasnif edilmiştir. Kütahya’daki gelişmeleri olduğu gibi okuyucuya sunma gayreti içinde olduğu ve çoğunluğunun haber ajanslarına ait olduğu anlaşılan yazılar öncelikli olarak değerlendirilmiş, yanlış bilgiler içerdiği aşikâr olan haberler değerlendirme dışında tutulmuştur. Değerlendirme kapsamına alınması kararlaştırılan haber ve yazılar, yerli kaynaklardaki bilgilerle karşılaştırıldıktan sonra çalışma kapsamına alınmıştır. Çalışmanın önemli olduğu düşünülen bulguları, Kütahya ile ilgili araştırmaların literatürüne katkıda bulunulması ve dönemin iki önemli ülkesi olan ABD ile İngiltere ülkelerine ait basın organlarının Kütahya’daki gelişmeleri okuyucularına sunum şekillerinin ortaya çıkarılmasıdır. ABD ve İngiltere basın organlarının, Millî Mücadele dönemi boyunca Kütahya’da yaşanan gelişmelere önemli oranda yer verdiği tespit edilmiştir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the copyrighted and translated works are available in libraries, museums and archives. During the historical process of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the majority of these works were collected in the Gazi Hüsrev Bey Library in Sarajevo. This first and largest library in Bosnia was established in 1537. Many works by Bosnian scholars have been written since 1878 are also in this library. The library also has an important accumulation of periodicals. There were periodicals outside the geography of Bosnia-Herzegovina in this historical process. This study created the index of the periodical publications issued by the Bosnia-Herzegovina without focusing on any identity element of two-term. This covers two periods: Press and Broadcasting Activities in Bosnia-Herzegovina in the Ottoman Period (1463-1878) and in Bosnia-Herzegovina in the Austro-Hungarian Period of the term Joint Finace Minister Benjamin Kallay (1882-1902) Press Release Activities. The material constituting the index was obtained from libraries through archive scanning. Determined the Ottoman period, seven publication (five printed and two manuscripts) and fifty nine publications were found during the period of Benjamin Kallay. The aim is to obtain a functional period of publication that can reveal the wealth of the country's political, socio-cultural, agricultural and legal life. İn this way, it was possible to trace the intellectual conflict between different elements of identity through the language and alphabet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the changes in consumer culture and lifestyles within the framework of the projections of the transformations in Turkey's ecopolitical and cultural structure are analyzed with a critical political economy approach in the context of society magazines (Alem and Şamdan Plus). In the study, which also includes a distinct definition of community press and journalism, the ecopolitical structure of the Turkish media shaped by neo-liberal policies is questioned through society magazines. In the study, qualitative analysis method was adopted, and semistructured in-depth interviews and textual analysis techniques were used to collect the relevant data. In-depth interviews were conducted with three people from each magazine selected as the object of analysis. The interviewees were asked questions about the production dynamics and content of society magazines. In addition, a total of 32 issues (16 issues of Alem and 16 issues of Şamdan Plus) of the magazines from all the issues published in 2018 were selected as the object of analysis by using purposive sampling technique, and these issues were examined using textual analysis. The study concludes that society magazines play an important role in shaping and popularizing consumer culture and lifestyles in Turkey. It has been particularly determined that members of the upper class aim to reinforce the relatively privileged position and prestige of their social class by displaying their luxurious and ostentatious lifestyles through society magazines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the reflections on the activities of Refet Pasha, who was sent to Istanbul as the representative of the Ankara Government, in the American press were discussed. The study aims to reveal the way of presentation of Refet Pasha's works and his relations with allied representatives to the reader through the American press. For this purpose, news and articles related to the subject were first determined and their classification was made. The news that presented the developments to the reader information, as they are mostly, were evaluated as a priority. Articles found to contain propaganda and false information were excluded from the evaluation. The comparative analysis method was used in the study. Accordingly, the news on the subject in the American press was included in the scope of the evaluation after they were compared with the local sources and especially the information in the local press. It has been understood that the activities of Refet Pasha in Istanbul were carefully followed by the American press and thousands of news and articles on the subject appeared in the relevant press. The possible findings of the study are to reveal the view of the American press on the administration of Refet Pasha in Istanbul and to contribute to the literature on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important revolutions of the Republic was the letter revolution, which was held on November 1, 1928. With the alphabet change, aimed to build a new nation and a new culture from the beginning. The steps taken on this path during the One-Party period started with the "Letter Revolution" and "Millet Schools"-"People's Houses", continued with the "Village Trainers" project and continued with the "Village Institutes". The Village Institutes, established by a law adopted in 1940, are the continuation of earlier educational and social transformation projects. In particular, the CHP's cultural institution, founded after the closure of Turkish January in 1931, has become the basis for Public Houses and Village Institutes. Peasant citizens were tried to be educated at a certain level through the activities of the "Peasant Branch" in Public Houses. Village Institutes are the most important educational project of the Republic, which bases the mission of the Peasant Branch in a more systematic way. until its closure in 1954, Village Institutes shaped the Turkish educational system. In the scope of this study, the publication of the Lake District Village Teachers Association Monthly Education and Training Journal will be examined with the method of qualitative content analysis. Most of its authors are teachers of the Village Institute and graduate teachers of this school. In the articles in the journal, the effects of the trainings given in the Village Institutes are noticeable. Founded in Isparta by the teachers of Isparta Gönen Village Institute and the teachers who graduated from here, Demet has been broadcasting continuously for 8 years. The journal is an important archive in terms of our educational history. The research was completed with the results obtained by discussing the findings together with the main themes identified in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barış was a magazine published in Istanbul in 1950 by the supporters of the Communist Party of Turkey. Mostly the articles were unsigned. Main aim of the magazine was to support the international peace efforts. Also it aimed to reflect in Turkey the acitivies realized in several countires to free Nazım Hikmet form the prison. After 8 issues the magazine was closed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of periodicals in the Ottoman world reshaped readership habits and brought new associations and instrumentalities to the Empire's linguistic communities. Turkish assumed a new role as the language of written communication, while French, with its international status, served as an essential tool for transmitting knowledge worldwide. In such an environment, English publications in the Ottoman lands were very flexible and pragmatic about including French-language content on their pages. In line with the demands of their audiences and their own commercial needs, they did not hesitate to offer bilingual content or to produce French editions when necessary. This article focuses on these English periodicals in the Ottoman Empire and analyzes The Constantinople Messenger, an international English-language news paper published in Istanbul along with its related publications. The article studies the transformations of the newspaper as it emerged and expanded in the public sphere, and investigates its content and primary target audience discussing the alterations in its name, language, content, news sources, and proprietors. It also evaluates the penalties and limitations imposed on the newspaper within the framework of the capitulations. The article touches upon the formation of Ottoman public opinion and makes extensive use of Ottoman archival documents, British journals, as well as a content analysis of the newspaper itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zuhr-Midday was one of the rare and relatively longer lasting English-Turkish billingual publishings. Published during the Entente occupation in Istanbul, the group that had an experience at the Ottoman navy periodicals thought to take the attention of the English to the rights of the Turkish people uner the occupation. And after the censor exposed the cadre had to move to Ankara. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propaganda is a method used to persuade the public on any subject. Yale Approach developed by Carl Hovland stands out with the features of message, recipient, and source of the message. For the message to be effective, it must give fear, repeat, express the opposite opinion, and include feelings and facts at the same time. Based on this information, "Can one of the propaganda methods used by the press in the Early Republican period be defined as 'Yale Approach'?" research question arises. By finding the answer to this question, the propaganda techniques used in the Early Republican period press can be understood. For this purpose, the propaganda language used by the Cumhuriyet newspaper, about the 1930 Ağrıdagı Rebellion was analyzed by content analysis method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most basic qualities of being human is the ability to use technology, and another is to communicate and therefore to carry information to the future. Technological developments continue rapidly in terms of software and hardware. With Web 3.0, institutions and organizations are transforming the individual's way of communicating, archivingsharing information, and socializing more dramatically than in previous periods. This article is based on the assumption of new types of journalism depending on the development of technology. The media have always been the most devoted followers of technology. The close follow-up of technology by media organizations, which started with the invention of the printing press, continues in newspapers, television, radio and new media extensions, and inevitably, data journalism, robot journalism, drone journalism, augmented reality journalism, blockchain journalism, etc. reveals new types and practices of journalism. One of the newer genres is immersive journalism. Technological developments reveal that this type of journalism using virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies will not be permanent, thus preparing users, journalists and media organizations for a new medium. Studies on immersive journalism are limited in Turkey. This article is an attempt to define immersive journalism. With the descriptive analysis method, it is tried to understand what immersive journalism is, why it emerged and how it is applied. Therefore, it can be questioned whether there is a type of journalism that can adapt to a new medium, the Metaverse. Thus, it is hoped that this study will be functional for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The island of Cyprus, which has been one of the focal points of many states throughout history, was founded in the 20th century. it has caused serious events between the Turkish and Greek people in the Dec. The Greeks, through the terrorist organization they established, forced the Turks living on the island to leave the island with cruelty and massacre. Greece also secretly supported the atrocities committed on the island, Turkey first made diplomatic attempts to protect its own racists, and when it did not get results, it resorted to military intervention. This intervention, which will go down in history as the Cyprus Peace Operation, has had many reflections both inside and outside. The operation was closely followed by both the local press and the national press and the world press. July August 20, 1974 and August 14, 1974, Turkey, in order to protect the lives, property and honor of the Turkish Cypriots on the island of Cyprus, in this study, we will consider the reflections of the local press of Izmir, the city of liberation, we will consider. We will evaluate the developments from the first day of the Cyprus Peace Operation until the end of the operation within the framework of the Aegean Express, Aegean Telegraph, Democrat Izmir and Yeni Asir newspapers, which enable the people of Izmir to closely follow the military operation taking place in Cyprus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geography of Crimea has been a region that cannot be shared throughout history, thanks to the advantages offered by its strategic location. Crimean Tatars are one of the ancient nations of this geography. The Crimean Khanate, which was established in the north of the Black Sea after the collapse of the Altınorda State, was occupied by the Russian Tsardom in 1783. Crimea, which has been under the pressure of the Russian tsars since this date, was occupied by the Germans during the First World War. The German occupation, which took place between 21.04.1918 and 16.11.1918, was a hope for the Crimean Tatars to gain their independence. However, the efforts of the Crimean Tatars were inconclusive after the defeat of the Germans and their allies. Crimean Tatars, who were under the pressure and persecution of Soviet Russia between 1923-1940, were hopeful when the Germans re-entered Crimea in 1941. Between 1941 and 1944, they experienced the German occupation, and in this period, they took action again in order to get rid of the pressure of Soviet Russia and gain their independence. In this context, although there are reactions in the Republic of Turkey, there have been many news on the "German Occupation in Crimea" in the Turkish press. Although these news are generally about the course of the war, it is seen that the Turkish press is also divided into two as pro-German and pro-Soviet. Apart from the advantages of the strategic location of Crimea, the attitude of Turkey, which is known to have spiritual ties with the Crimean Tatars, against this invasion is important. This study was written in order to examine the course of the news about the German occupation in the Crimea in the newspapers of the period. In this context, newspapers named Vakit, Tasvir-i Efkâr, Akşam, Ulus, Tan, Today, Cumhuriyet, Türk Sözü, Haber, Son Telegraf, Son Posta were examined. The reflections of the German-Soviet war in Crimea on the Turkish press and how the independence of Crimea was viewed by the Turkish press were tried to be revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first attempts at a constructed language to create a common and universal language, in particular Volapük (1879) and Esperanto (1887) in the last quarter of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, had wide repercussions in the world press. The Ottoman press was also not indifferent to this popular topic, with articles and books being written on the subject such as books about Volapük and Esperanto that were translated into Ottoman Turkish during the years when they were in demand all over the world. The purpose of this article is to introduce the works that occurred in the Ottoman press regarding these constructed languages, most of which have not been translated into modern Turkish, and to describe the approach Ottoman intellectuals took toward these languages that they described as lisân-ı umûmî [the language of public life]. For this purpose, the study focuses on six books from the Ottoman press and five articles from the journal Servet-i Fünûn that were published between 1893-1917 on constructed languages. Upon examining these works, the Ottoman intellectuals are seen to have had positive views about constructed languages, to have claimed them to be easily and quickly learned and to belong to any nation, to have introduced them as the key to peace, and to have described them as neutral, which offered a solution to the problems caused by the lack of those able to speak a foreign language in a world that was getting smaller and smaller alongside the technological developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological structures that progress day by day have brought both the development of new models and the making of different articulations to the existing ones. At this point, it is important to examine the approaches to the Metaverse phenomenon, which can be considered as new. The news that holds a mirror to the society also gives clues about the period in which it is lived and reflects the views of individuals. At this point, the study aimed to examine the Metaverse phenomenon through content analysis method through national and international news platforms. The study is important in terms of examining the course of the metaverse phenomenon and analyzing regional differences. The results show that Metaverse has been discussed as a new phenomenon in the international press, mainly under the title of technology. In the national press, it has been shown that this issue is considered as an investment opportunity for individuals, especially in the economic framework. This difference between the regions draws the framework of the approaches of the people of the region to which the news belongs and brings the technological developments under different categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With privatization policies in the field of media in Turkey, media investors have come to fore both in field of journalism and in television sector and in other media environments since 1990s. These investors, far from journalism profession and stepped into media field with status of businessmen, carried media tools to holdings, bringing concept of media ownership to a new dimension. The Journalism without patronizer has emerged as response to media bosses managing media tools as if running company and it has began to make impact in traditional media and internet media. This study focuses on position of bossless journalism in traditional media and content analysis method, which is among qualitative analysis methods, was applied and it were examined national newspapers determined as samples. In this study, Aydınlık newspaper and Birgün newspaper are handled, and evaluation made by focusing on reflections of aforementioned newspapers without a boss on their content. As a result, is presented the institutional structures, publishing policies, news discourses, circulation data and column content of the bossless newspapers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mankurt and kozkaman are concepts that have been expressed with increasing frequency by Turkish politicians in recent years and have found a parallel place in the Turkish press. When examined in terms of origin, it is possible to say that both concepts are derived from the Epic of Manas. The concepts of mankurt and kozkaman, which are still up-to-date today, and the stories in which the concepts make sense, offer important opportunities to make sense of today's political and cultural world. The main purpose of this study is to reveal what the concepts of mankurt and kozkaman from the Epic of Manas mean, in which contexts they are used today and the reflections of these contexts in the Turkish press. In the existing literature, mankurt and kozkaman concepts are frequently examined in the context of literature, and the political dimensions of the concepts, their reflections in the press generally ignored. The study evaluates this situation as problematic. The media is among the most important devices of today in informing and raising awareness of individuals and societies, transferring the collective memory to future generations and shaping the attitudes and behaviors of individuals. In this direction, it is very important to examine the reflections of the concepts in the media. In this context, the representations of the concepts of mankurt and kozkaman between the years 2015 - 2020 in Turkish newspapers Yeniçağ, Yeni Şafak, Sabah, Hürriyet, Cumhuriyet and Evrensel, which have different ideological publishing understanding, have been analyzed in accordance with the critical discourse analysis method developed by Teun Van Dijk. According to the data obtained, the concepts are used in conjunction with nationalist discourses, the public is warned against the "terrorist elements" with these concepts, the person or people who belittle their country and culture, and denigrate their own country to the "imperialist states" are described as mankurt and közkaman. In addition, according to the data obtained from the study, the political stance of the newspaper also affected the way the concepts were conveyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early 20th century Russian Empire a number women-led riots called "Babi Bunty" manifested. The underlying reason of such actions was actually the economic outcome of the WWI. Famine and scarcity at the end of the war led women whose spouses were fighting to a number of spontaneous protests. The protests that in a short time reached even the furthest margins of the Empire, demonstrated their impact over South Caucasia, a significant part of the Empire. Baku, a substantial industrial city of the Empire became the epicenter of protests by February 1914. This study discusses the short history of these women-led riots and then it comprehensively analyzes the February protests in Baku by referring to contemporary memorandums and media coverage. The paper focuses on the aims of the rioting women and the reaction of local administrators to the protests. Moreover, such actions in the Russian Empire could be evaluated as a logical continuation of women's movements manifesting in the modern world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ankebut newspaper published in Cyprus between 1920 and 1923 has a collection of 142 issues, 4 of which are supplements. The last three issues of Ankebut's collection were published as humor newspaper. In this article, the existing issues of Ankebut will be studied in order to figure out its role in Cyprus policy, especially its attitude towards the attempts to unite the island with Greece, its attitude towards the liberation struggle in Anatolia and its role in the history of the Turkish Cypriot press will be evaluated. Conflicts of Ankebut with Soz and Davul newspapers will also be studied within the framework of the Cyprus press. There are also literary works in most of its issues. In this regard, literary works in Ankebut reflecting the language policy of the newspaper will be analyzed. In addition to all these evaluations, some previous studies about Ankebut will be discussed. The newspaper has undergone many changes since its publication. In Ankebut, which was sometimes published as a magazine and sometimes as a newspaper, Derviş Ali Remmal - Mehmet Fikri duo had conflicts with each other. These events and changes as reflected in the newspaper, including its title cliché as well as its page structure, will all be studied and evaluated in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]