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In this study, the validity and reliability analysis findings of the scale of view on religion for today's youth are discussed. The aim of the study is to consider the view of the youth towards religion at the level of theoretical (belief), sociological (transaction), institutional (religious authority), individual (individual spirituality) and religious sympathy, and to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to measure the youth's view of religion in the light of these factors. In the research, questionnaire technique of the quantitative research method and the relational survey technique were used together. The sample group of the research consists of 489 university students studying at Ordu University. This study includes only university youth and the 18-24 age range who generally participate in the research. While 94.3% of the participants are between the ages of 18-23, only 5.6% are aged 24 and over. Expert opinion was taken for content validity, Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor analyzes were performed fr construct validity. SPSS 26 program for Exploratory Factor Analysis; The AMOS 22 program was used for Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Cronbach's Alpha (0.948) and McDonald's Omega (0.954) values used for reliability analysis showed that the scale was highly reliable. As a result of the research, a scale that explains 70.80% of the variance consisting of 29 items with five factors, which we call religious belief, religious conduct, trust in religious authority, sympathy for religious people, and individual spirituality. While a maximum of 145 points is obtained from the scale, a minimum of 29 points is taken. A score close to 145 on the Young People's View of Religion scale indicates that the view of religion is at a positive level; scores close to 29 indicate a negative view of religion. The validity and reliability analyzes show that the Youth-Oriented Religion Scale can be used to measure university students' views on religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi’s A‘mâk-ı Hayâl, Tahir Harîmî Balcıoğlu’s Mezâmîr-i Felsefeden İnsaniyete Veche Veren Büyük Ruhlar, and Cafer Ergin’s Rü’ya have clear traces of the thoughts of Allan Kardec, the founder of modern spiritualism. The influence of spiritualism has resulted in the use of a common narrative style in these three works, which is centered around the communication of great spirits through dreams. The most important feature of this style of expression is that the spirits themselves tell the spirit and the religious and philosophical content of the concept of spirit. A’mâk-ı Hayâl, which is the most well-known among such works, is based on the spiritual experiences of Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi, was initially hesitant about the existence of the soul, but eventually became convinced through his experiences. Likewise, Tahir Harîmî wrote his work based on a spiritual experience told to him. In this study, firstly, the spiritual events experienced by Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi and Tahir Harîmî before they wrote their books are included and the relationship of both authors with spiritualism is tried to be shown. The change of Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi’s thoughts on the soul is revealed by utilizing his memoirs published in Şehbal magazine titled “Eski Fikirler, Yeni Şekiller: Ulûm-ı Garîbe ve İspitirizma”, a memoir published in Şehbal magazine. Later, the effect of The Spirits Books, written by Allan Kardec, on three works mentioned was examined. This effect is examined under the titles of the purpose of writing, spirit, dream and Prophet Muhammad emphasis and examples taken from the works about these titles are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we are studying the “incubation” practices of the Ancient Age and Byzantine Period in the “religious tourism” scope based on literature reviews. In its broadest sense, the term incubation can be explained as a treatment by means of dreams. Being treated and healing during and under the influence of a dream can be achieved with the effect of power that is derived from faith. The place of sleep to dream ought to be a sacred space, and the interpreter of a dream must be a minister. People are expecting relieve their pain, which they suffer in the physical world, with the help of spiritualism. In this context, Asclepieia of the Ancient world and churches in the Byzantium are the buildings that serve this purpose. The consideration of certain practices that are conducted according to certain rituals are preferred by people in every century in the context of the religious tourism provides us with significant hints in tracing them back and understanding their similarities and differences, along with their common parts. This study, where you will find specific examples for the religious applicability of the incubation and the spatial insights of this practice, aims at bringing a different perspective to the causality of religious tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was carried out in a descriptive type in order to determine the spiritual well-being and hope level of the patients who will undergo open-heart surgery. Material and Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 166 patients hospitalized for open heart surgery at the University of Health Sciences Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital. The data of this study were collected with the patient information form, Herth Hope Index, Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Descriptive data in the analysis of the data were used for the number percent calculations, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way ANOVA, t-test for independent groups, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: 72.3% of the patients participating in the study are in the age group of 51 and above, 69.3% are male, 45.3% are primary school graduates, 84.9% are married, 51.2% will undergo bypass surgery. It was determined that 84.3% of them had not undergone heart surgery before, and 41% of them stayed in the hospital for 4-6 days. The total score of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale of the patients was 115.93±10, and the total score of the Herth Hope Index was 39.11±5.40. There was no statistically significant difference between the scores obtained from the Spiritual Well-Being Scale according to the descriptive characteristics of the patients who volunteered to participate in the study (p>0.05). A statistically significant difference was determined between the education level of the patients within the scope of the study, their previous heart surgery and the length of stay in the hospital, and the scores they got from the Herth Hope Index (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the patients had high spiritual well-being and hope levels, and there was no relationship between spiritual well-being and hope level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831-1891) is considered one of the most important figures in modern occultist thought. Blavatsky spent most of her life by touring the world. She has been the pursuit of esoteric and occult knowledge on this trip; finally joined the spiritualist current of that period. When she came to USA in 1873, Blavatsky was in spiritualist current literally. Attended the evocation sessions in USA as a medium. Blavatsky abandoned spiritualism after a while, then she has been a leader in the formation of the Theosophical Society. After some time, she went to India with her fellow Henry Steel Olcott and moved the center of the Theosophical Society in India. From this date, she has pursued the effort to combine Western esoteric tradition with Eastern thought. Blavatsky because of scandals forced to leave India and has spent her last peirod of her life in Europe. Blavatsky's two works Isis Unveiled and The Secret Doctrine are considered the cornerstone for the occult thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cretan Sırrı Pasha was not only a successful statesman living in the last period of the Ottoman Empire but also some of his studies in the field of science including Tafsir, History of Religion, Logic, Religions and Sects, Language and Literature are published. There are certain topics that being mentioned that originate from the facts and events that lived in every periods. The period in which Sırrı Pasha lived is a period in which the anti-materialist or authoritarian works were received. Pasha, also received a treatise entitled Spirit as a contribution to this subject. In this work, at first we will introduce the Risalah which Sırrı Pasha says "collecting some reliable transports related to spirit and death", and then we will evaluate the Risalah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hasan Hâce b. Yûsuf was born in the Kocbasan Village of the Rumeli Yenisehir which he left to be a dedicated follower of His Highness Emir Sultan in Bursa to engage in wisdom. After completing the spiritual journey stages, tarîqa stages and the mankind stage with a long-lasting asceticism and self-struggle Hasan Hâce was appointed as the Sheikh of Balıkesir by His Highness Emir Sultan, which he maintained until the death thereof. He became the head of the Dervish Convent upon His Highness Emir Sultan's will for 12 years and passed away in Jerusalem in 1441 following his pilgrimage. He wrote some hymns and "Sülûk-i Âşıkîn" containing sufistic themes other than the known "Müzîlü'ş-Şükûk". It can be concluded from his works that Hasan Hâce b. Yûsuf is important both for the sufi literature and sufi history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Death is a universal phenomenon which deeply affects all sides of man's life. Like birth and marriage the fact of death is considered as a transition in life a person experiences. Therefore different ceremonies and related formalities have occured in connection with it. The strong reflection of death as a transition to other-life demonstrates itself through the phenomenon of mourning. There are different mourning rituals and associated practices within social customs of Turkic nations. One of them is the death ritual for men, where the antropomorphic figure called tul in Turkic used to represent a dead one during the certain periods of mourning. This ritual takes it's source from the concept of souls and ancestors cults and worship. This practice is known from the early history of Turks and has been observed as a cultural phenomenon in wide geographic areas. Over time, it has changed in some aspects, even though it has kept the basic shape and function. This paper devoted to the tul ritual practised in the past and present in Central Asia and analogous ceremonies have performed until recently in Anatolia. Based on the data from field researches as well as from previous studies on the subject the authors compare these two rituals and associated practices and argue that the similarities in outward aspect, content and function are not coincidental. The authors on the basis of concrete examples show that the tul ritaul and its parallel one are result of cultural and historical continuity between Central Asia and Anatolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the well known authorsof Turkish Literature Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar's "Saatleri Ayarlama Enstitüsü", Enis Behiç Koryürek's "Varidat-ı Süleyman Çelebi", Peyami Safa's "Matmazel Norolya'nın Koltuğu" are considered in the view of spritualism and metaphysics. Before dwelling into the subject, terms like sipritualism, metapsychic and metaphysics are handled and people were informed. Before dealing with the main subject, some information is given about development of metaphysical way of thinking in our country. While talking about the historical development of this subject, some Works named "Muhayyelat" of Giritli Aziz Efendi, "Çengi" of Ahmet Mithat, "Gulyabani" of Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar and "Perili Köşk" of Ömer Seyfettin are mentioned. The first work of the subject is "Saatleri Ayarlama Enstitüsü ve Rüyalar" of Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar. Then the subject was proceeded with Enis Behçet Koryurek's "Varidat-ı Süleyman" and Peyami Safa's "Matmazel Noralya'nın Koltuğu". Works are set in this order because the writers names are chronologically followed each other. When the books were handled, first, the plot of the book afterwards the elements expressing metaphysical thought in the book were arranged in sections. Then, some certain quotation about these boks were mentioned. In the end, a resources part was added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his Anwar al-Tanzil wa athrar al-Ta'wil, Qadi Baidawi (d. 685/1286), one of the leading figures of Qur'anic exegesis, sometimes employs Sufi terminology in explaining the ethical issues. It is especially remarkable how he approaches to the concept of spiritual purification and piety. It is stated in the sources that Baidawi was interested in Sufism towards the end of his life. We may consider his Sufic evaluations expressed in his exegesis as reflections of Sufic experiences. In this article, we have tried to find out the definition of self, the significance, methods, and results of spiritual purification, and Baidawi's approach to piety expressed in his exegesis Anwar al-Tanzil. From time to time our findings have been supported by the commentaries of Baidawi and other scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allegory, as a method of interpreting the sacred scriptures since Greeks, was used firstly by Philo to understand the Jewish scriptures. Origen is viewed as a climax point of the Christian allegorical interpretation. After brief historical background, this article aims to reveal Origen's view of allegory through some examples. Antiochene School in the Early Church, especially Theodore of Mopsuestia, opposed the allegorical interpretation of the Bible, and claimed that it should be understood in its historical meaning. This article also examines Theodore of Mopsuestia's criticism against Origen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Custom and traditions are important elements in the life of society. These take place marriage, birth, death, kidnapping a girl, sendoff to soldier etc. Custom and traditions are indicator of the type of the institutionalized behaviour and thought. Rituels about death has also been knitted with the custom and traditions. Death is both cultural and psychological fact. For that reason rituels and ceremonies about death should be studied as social psychologically. Researches of sociologic dimension of death not only new relatively but also this subject has been neglected in our country. This is a serious issue. We have come across Sociologist Mehmet Eröz who is one of the initiators of the elimination effort about this efficiency. These article has been aimed to analyze comparatively Mehmet Eröz's effort and the other social researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with the belief in re-incarnation which has been recently popularized. Firstly, it focuses on the etymological as well as the technical meaning of re-incarnation and gives information on the history of this concept. Secondly the study draws a distinction between re-incarnation and metempsychosis (in Islamic literature tanasukh). Thirdly, the spiritualist view claiming that one can communicate with the spirits carries in it certain assumptions which ultimately go against the fundamentals of Islamic belief In this study we have tried to bring together those tenets of belief which are scattered in re-incarnation works. Thus we have identified the ideas of re-incarnationists about God, angels. Scriptures, prophets, the coming life and destiny, and compared them with the fundamentals of Islam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is dealt with the body language - also mentioning its relation with manifesto mission - in perspective of that the Prophet Muhammad reads it and that body language belonging to others reflects to the Prophet Muhammed. Afterwards it is tried to examine the certain motivations directed towards the companions by the the Prophet Muhammed about body language. While the Prophet Muhammad was communicating entrusted message to the people, his personal impressions that he obtained from his persons addressed were always as director while studing to assign their interests, desires, priorities, necessities, intentions and spiritual situations turns to these impressions frequently. Consequently it is deduced that he designated his strategy according to these. From this point of it is attracted attention that the influence is a result of a correct communication. It was connected with between the point that the Prophet Muhammad had conveyed his teachings during the 23 years and his successes in the communication establishment. While evaluating negativities that experience concerning exposition at the our present time, it is stressed that the subject must be reviewed in point of the hierarchy mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]