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Copyright of ASBU Law Journal is the property of Social Sciences University of Ankara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ASBU Law Journal is the property of Social Sciences University of Ankara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This criminal history study of the Ruse (Rusçuk) district of the Ottoman Empire is based on analyzing court records (sharia register). In the study, which aims to reveal a small section of the application of the punishment concept in the Ottoman provinces, the court provisions were determined. These provisions were classified according to the type of punishment, and then inferences were made. The study comprised three parts, excluding the introduction and conclusion. At first, the history and socio-economic conditions of the city of Ruse were examined. In the second part, the Ottoman period practices of Islamic criminal law were investigated with a general and theoretical perspective. In this way, it was desired to create a basis for the third party. The last part looks at the punishments given to the criminals in Ruse in a variety of ways, based on the court records from the 18th century. Writing about the crime and punishment history of the Ottoman Empire is especially important because the negatives are memorable and show more clearly what should have happened. In addition, the comparison possibility with today is another sign that shows the need for more studies on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dinbilimleri Journal is the property of Dinbilimleri Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Today, ex-convicts are considered among the disadvantaged groups. There are several reasons for this disadvantage. Practices and trainings that will allow ex-convicts to socialize and adapt to social life are provided to them both from the moment they are convicted, that is, during the execution of their sentences and after the execution of their sentences is completed. However, even though they served their sentence, they have social, economic and political disadvantages since they are described as ex-convict after completing their execution. One of the most important disadvantages incurred by ex-convicts as a result of the execution of their sentence is the economic disadvantage. Especially due to the criminal record of the ex-convicts and the quotas regulated by laws, ex-convicts find it very difficult to be employed. As a matter of fact, employers are not obliged to recruit the exconvicts, which reduces the employment rate. In this study, the difficulties faced by ex-convicts in the employment process have been identified and solutions have been tried to be offered for the participation of ex-convicts in employment. In order to facilitate the adaptation of ex-convicts to society and ensure that they can get out of mental breakdown and exclusion psychology, determinations have been made to eliminate economic disadvantage. Accordingly, programs which encourage the employment of ex-convicts should be implemented. However, it is recommended that the ex-convict quota be returned to the private sector. Sharing the responsibility in this regard among individuals active in each field of the society, non-governmental organizations and not only the Ministry of Justice but also many ministries will constitute an important step towards eliminating the disadvantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose in criminal procedure is to reveal the perpetrator of an illegal act. In other words, the purpose of criminal procedure is to reach the truth through evidence. However, searching and uncovering the material truth is not an absolute goal in the Islamic criminal procedure. Disclosure of crimes that violate civil rights is particularly undesirable. In addition, in order for the accused to be punished, the crime must be proven without suspicion. Confession, which is one of the basic means of proof, means that the person informs the crime he has committed or accepts the accusation against him. Confession obtained without any pressure or coercion takes the first place among the means of proof. The legality of applying pressure and violence to the accused in order to have a confession for the alleged crime or to obtain material evidence and the proof value of the confession obtained in this way are a matter of debate among scholars. According to the majority of jurists, it is not permissible to apply pressure and violence to the accused who has not been involved in crime before and who is well known in the society, and the confession obtained in this way cannot be used as evidence in the proceedings. If the accused has a criminal record for crimes such as murder, theft and extortion, and there is a strong presumption that he/she may have committed the alleged crime, some jurists have accepted it permissible to force the accused to confess through pressure and violence. As a matter of fact, it is stated that imprisonment or pressure can be used as a tool to have a confession in cases where a person known for theft does not accept the accusation even though there are strong presumptions that he/she has committed the same crime. The main grounds of those with this opinion are that the defendants do not admit the crime without pressure and violence. Some jurists, including Ghazali, objected to treat those who had not committed a crime before as guilty with prejudice and force them to confess. According to them, there is the possibility that the accused is guilty as well as not committing the alleged crime. In order not to expose an innocent person to oppression and violence, it should be preferred not to subject someone to violence even if he/she has a criminal record. In addition to the verses prohibiting torture, the value that Islam gives to people necessitates this. On the other hand, there are rumours stating that nobody has the authority to punish due to suspicion unless the crime is proven by objective evidence. In the criminal procedure of Islam, besides the means of proof such as witness and confession, material evidence is also used. If the stolen property is found with the accused or in his/her house, it can be used to prove the crime of theft. The murder weapon, on the other hand, can be used as material evidence in retribution cases. The general opinion of the jurists is that it is not permissible to try to obtain material evidence by applying pressure and violence to the accused. However, there are jurists who accepts that pressure can be used to learn the location of the stolen property and, if any, their accomplices in cases of theft. If the accused confesses the crime with pressure and violence, and reveals the stolen property, the actual punishment of the crime will be applied. However, this punishment is not based on a confession obtained by pressure, but on material evidence revealing the theft. It is possible to find a similar understanding in Ottoman law books. This gap, which was opened by some jurists and Ottoman law books, was expanded in the following periods and sometimes people who did not have a criminal record were exposed to unfair oppression and torture. Since the 19th century, it has been decreed in various documents that torture will not be tolerated, confessions obtained as a result of pressure and violence were declared invalid by the court, and an understanding of establishing a system in which detection of the crime and the punishment of the criminals are put on a legal basis has been adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ankara Barosu Dergileri is the property of Ankara Bar Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences / İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Society & Social Work is the property of Journal of Society and Social Work and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The subject of this article, on the basis of crime rates and the years to see how these rates are matter in some of the countries in the Middle East. According to international crime statistics, crime rates in Middle Eastern countries is quite low compared to developed countries. However, in recent years, an increase in crimes is observed that some of these countries. The aim of this study, proportional to reveal change in the level of actual crime rates on the basis of years of Middle East countries. In the same way this article will be searching for answers to the question Middle east countries; why crime rate remained low in recent years and what could be reasons for the increase in some countries and types of crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi is the property of Justice Academy of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)