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Copyright of Van Health Sciences Journal / Van Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Van Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fruits and vegetables are basic crops of mass consumption for human population to meet their food requirements. Recent advances in medicinal studies have revealed that different parts of fruits and vegetables are loaded with phytochemicals responsible for eliminating the risks of different diseases. Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) is one of the abundantly grown and consumed vegetable all around the world. Seeds of this vegetables are named as nutritional power houses due to their excellent nutrient profiles. In present study total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, of pumpkin seeds extracts were determined. Extraction of pumpkin seeds was carried out in a Soxhlet apparatus using ethanol as extraction solvent. TAS and TOS were determined through Rel Assay Kits and free radical scavenging activity was measured through DPPH assay. TAS was found 4.18±0.36 and TOS 14.68±0.42, whereas value of OSI was measured 0.35±0.10. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was observed increasing with increasing the concentration and maximum value 56.10±0.90% was observed at 2 mg/mL concentration. From these results it was concluded that pumpkin seeds could be utilized as natural antioxidant source with potential to reduce oxidative stress and minimizing the risks of certain diseases.

Copyright of Food & Health (2602-2834) is the property of Scientific Web Journals (SWJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Buy grass, whose Latin name is Trigonella foenum-graecum L., is generally known as fenugreek among the people. Although it is used in many areas, it is used in the food industry to flavor foods, prevent the development of spoilage or pathogenic microorganisms, and extend the shelf life of foods. In this research, the analysis of mineral substance, total phenolic substance, free radical scavenging activity, and colour performed for 13 the samples of buy grass seed flour bought from Ağrı and Erzurum cities. While the most abundant macro mineral substance in the samples was phosphorus (P), the highest micro mineral substance was sodium (Na). The TFM values in the BOTUs were determined as the highest 426.71 mg GAE/100 g and the lowest 137.30 mg GAE/100 g. The highest free radical scavenging activity value found was 100.11 IC50 mg mL-1, while the lowest value was 31.67 IC50 mg mL-1. L*, a*, and b* color values were determined as the means 73.70, 0.63, and 27.37, respectively. As a result, it was observed that the mineral substance, TFM, antioxidant, and colour properties of the samples bought from different markets were different from each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from the madimak (Polygonum cognatum Meissn.), which is used in traditional folk medicine as well as nutrition. For this purpose, the effects of methanol/water mixture concentration (0-100%), extraction time (5-120 min.) and temperature (30-70 °C) on total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC) and free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) of phenolic extracts obtained from P. cognatum were determined. Optimum conditions for TPC, TFC and DPPH values were determined using the "desirability" function approach, using the Box-Behnken design in the Design Expert Program. In the study carried out to obtain phenolic compound extraction from P. cognatum, methanol concentration (40.15%), extraction time (5.00 min.) and extraction temperature (70.00 °C) were determined as optimum conditions. TPC, TFC and DPPH values of phenolic extracts obtained under optimum conditions were determined as 45.40 mg GAE/g dry sample, 30.36 mg QE/g dry sample, 53.40 mg TE/g dry sample, respectively. As a result of the obtained results, P. cognatum is a rich source in terms of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted to determinate the phytochemical properties (chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, carotenoids, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content) in ten medicinal plants namely Syal Kata (Argemone mexicana L.), Akanda (Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand.), Dumur (Ficus carica L.), Chalmugra (Gynocardia odorata R.Br.), Kata kachu (Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites), Shetodrone (Leucas aspera (Wild.)), Khona (Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz), Reri (Ricinus communis L.), Ghat kachu (Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott) and Bazna (Zanthoxylum rhetsa DC.) for ethno-botanical uses. The young fresh leaves were harvested and were subjected to methanolic (95%) extract. Total phenolic contents were analysed by using Folin - Ciocalteau method where gallic acid was used as standard. Total phenolic content varied from 94.53 mg GAE/100 g FW (C. gigantea) to 484.88 mg GAE/100 g FW (L. aspera). Total flavonoid contents were performed by using Quercetin as standard. Total flavonoid content varied from 137.25 mg QUE /100 g FW (C. gigantea) to 334.27 mg QUE/100 g FW (G. odorata). Antioxidant activity of these extracts was performed by using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Total anti-oxidant capacity varied from IC50 value 35.37 mg/mL (A. mexicana) to 90.47 mg/mL (F. carica) where ascorbic acid is used as standard. Results indicated that among the ten medicinal plants phenolics rich in L. aspera, flavonoids rich in G. odorata, antioxidant activity rich in A. mexicana. Z. rhetsa leaf rich in chlorophyll-a content (311.67 mg/100 g FW), L. aspera leaf rich in chlorophyll-b content (157 mg/100 g FW), Z. rhetsa rich in chlorophyll- (a+b) content as 439 mg/100 g FW, A. mexicana leaf rich in carotenoids content as 96 mg/100 g FW.

Herbal infusions are widely consumed beverages worldwide due to the beneficial properties provided by their polyphenol ingredients. In this study, seven different plants, consisting of quince (Cydonia oblonga) leaf, linden (Tilia cordata) flower and leaves, golden grass (Helichrysum arenarium), French lavender (Lavandula stoechas) flower, marshmallow (Althaea officinalis) flower, and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) leaves were studied, which are widely used and their infusions are prepared by people in our country. Extraction yields, color, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antiradical activities, and heavy metal contents (Hg, Pb, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Al, and Cd) of lyophilized infusions obtained at 3, 9, 15 and 21 minutes of brewing times were evaluated. Extraction yields of marshmallow flower and blackberry leaves were higher than other plants. The increase in brewing time caused a decrease in the L* value, an increase in the a* value, and a general decrease in the b* value of the samples. Total phenolic content of lyophilized infusions determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure ranged from 8.05 to 53.92 mg GAE g-1. The highest total flavonoid amount was detected as 22.40 mg QE g-1 in lyophilized French lavender infusion at the 21st minute. The antiradical activity was determined by ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity analyses. All herbal infusions exhibited antiradical activity, strongly correlated with total phenolic and flavonoid contents. In DPPH radical scavenging activity analysis, IC50 values of lyophilized infusions varied between 20.42 and 40.65 µg ml-1. The French lavender herb exhibited the highest antiradical activity against DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Heavy metal contents of lyophilized infusions determined by ICP-MS were listed as Mn>Zn>Al>Ni>Cu>Cr, and the brewing time factor was influential on the mineral transfer at p<0.05 level. Hg, Pb, and Cd heavy metals were not detected in any samples. The findings in this study suggest that it would be useful to analyze the end product (consumer-prepared infusions) to determine the actual antioxidant properties and heavy metal contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study; essential oil of the leaves of R. petraeum plant were determined by hydrodistillation method in a Clevenger type device. The chemical compositions of volatile oil were determined by analyzing with a GC-MS/FID instrument. The amount of antioxidant activities of the obtained essential oil were determined by free radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS) amounts, and Ferric (III) Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) capacity according to methods. In addition, some bioactive compounds contents were determined by total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total antioxidant activity (TAC) studies. Antimicrobial activities of volatile oil were attained against 23 different microorganisms by disc diffusion method. As a result; the percent essential oil yield was determined as 0.47% in the leaves of the R. petraeum. The chemical class with the highest percentage of compounds in the essential oil of plant part: Aldehydes (55.98%) were determined in the leaves of the R. petraeum. In addition, the main component in its essential oil was found as (E)-2-hexenal (52.90%) in the leaves of the R. petraeum. The amount of antioxidant activities obtained from samples collected from plant parts were determined as 18.73 mg AA/100 mL and 21.31 mg AA/100 mL in DPPH and ABTS, and 6.50 mg FeSO4/100 mL in FRAP capacity. The bioactive component contents were found as 66.37 mg GAE/100 mL in TPC, 1.51 mg QE/100 mL in TFC, 195.43 mg AA/100 mL in TAC. According to the results of the antimicrobial activities analysis obtained from the collected sample of plant parts, leaves of R. petraeum were not showed any antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, beş farklı pulpa kaplama materyalinin (Mineral Trioksit Agregat, Biodentin, Pulpine Mineral, Endo Repair ve Çinko Oksit Öjenol) toplam oksidan ve antioksidan seviyelerinin insan dental pulpa kök hücreleri üzerinde değerlendirilmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntemler:Çalışmamızda Amerikan Tipi Kültür Koleksiyonu insan dental pulpa kök hücreleri kullanılmıştır. Filtre difüzyon testi, ISO standartlarına göre uygulanmıştır. 24. ve 72. saatlerin sonunda biyokimyasal analiz yapılmıştır(n = 3). Ölçümler arasında bağımsız grup karşılaştırmaları için Kruskal Wallis Varyans Analizi ve Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: 24 saatlik değerlendirme sonucunda, sadece Mineral Trioksit Agregat, kontrol grubuna benzer antioksidatif koruma gösterirken (p> 0.05), diğer gruplar bu seviyenin altında kalmıştır. Tüm grupların toplam antioksidan durumunun 24 ve 72 saat arasında arttığı belirlenmiştir (p

Recently, yeast are used frequently in biochemical, biotechnological and toxicological studies. In this study, yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) microorganism was exposed to chromium III chloride (CrCl3.6H2O) salt in two different doses (10 and 40 μg/mL) for 12, 24 and 36 hours. 10, 15 and 20 μg/mL of vitamin C was added to the yeast samples exposed to chromium salt. The effect of yeast and chromium interaction on some biochemical parameters in microorganism were investigated. Firstly, the survival rates of yeast samples at 12, 24 and 36 hours were determined. In addition, the amount of antioxidant enzyme activity of Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and amounts of total protein were measured by spectrophotometer. It was observed that the number microorganism and amounts of protein decreased depending on increasing chromium dose and time in yeast samples, on the other hand, with the introduction of vitamin C, increase the number of microorganism along with amount of protein. Depending on the increasing chromium dose, the activity enzyme GSH-Px, GSH-Rd and SOD of yeast samples were found to be increased. When the control and other groups were compared, it was observed that chromium increased the amounts of antioxidant enzyme activity. However, it has been obtained that different concentrations vitamin C added to the nutrient medium reduces the amounts of enzyme activity. As a result; it was concluded that while chromium increases the formation of free radicals in yeast microorganism, vitamin C, reduces the formation of free radicals due to its antioxidant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lythrum salicaria L. known as “Kırmızı (Tıbbi) hevhulma” in Turkish is used for its several beneficial health effects against diarrhea, chronic intestinal fever, gingival bleeding, hemorrhoids and eczema. In this study, dried herbal parts of Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae) were sequentially extracted with different solvents such as ethyl alcohol and acetic acid-water, respectively. Total amount of phenolic substances of all extracts were determined and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of all the extracts were investigated using in vitro methods. Consequently, because of Folin- Ciocalteu method applied to determine the total amount of phenolic substances, the highest total amount of phenolic compounds was determined in the acetic acid-water extract of the parts of flower-leaf of plant and it was found to be 5.916± 0.335 mg Gallic Asid Eqivalent (GAE)/g. As a result of free radical scavenging activity (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrilhydrazyl, DPPH•) analysis, 10.697 ± 0.155 mM Trolox equivalent (TE) /g Dry Matter (DM) was found in the acetic acid-water extract of the flower-leaf part of the plant and it was observed that DPPH inhibition increased as the extract concentration increased. According to the results of antimicrobial activity performed by the disk diffusion method, it was determined that the highest antimicrobial effect against the Proteus vulgaris with the ethanol extract of the flower-leaf part of the stem of the plant and the zone diameter was found as 25.33 ± 0.57 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the protective effects of Naringin (NA) on antioxidants and free radicals in blood and serum samples in rats administered with cyclophosphamide (CYP). In our study, 40 male adult Sprague Dawley rats weighing about 200-250 g were used and 5 groups were formed with 8 rats in each group. The control group was given to intra-gastric (i.g.) saline (1 ml) for 10 days. The CYP group was given i.g. saline for 10 days and on the 10th day, a single dose of intraperitoneal (i.p.) CYP (200 mg/kg) was injected. NA50+CYP and NA100+CYP groups were administered NA at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg dissolved in saline for 10 days, respectively and and single dose CYP (200 mg/kg, i.p.) after NA last injection was injected. On the 12th day of the experiment, the rats were anesthetized with thiopental sodium (20 mg/kg) and intra cardiac blood samples were taken and they were decapitated. Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Oxidative stress index (OSI) and 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) parameters in the blood and serum samples obtained from the rats were analyzed. It was determined that CYP increases oxidative stress in rats, suppresses antioxidants and causes DNA damage. It was determined that different doses of NA suppress oxidative stress caused by CYP, increase the amount of antioxidants and prevent DNA damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal and aromatic plants have had an important place since the existence of humanity. In recent years, the use of medicinal and aromatic plants with high secondary compound content in the protection and treatment of diseases has increased with the orientation towards nature. Oxidative stress, which is one of the main causes of diseases, is due to the imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants. To combat this unwanted condition, organisms need endogenous or exogenous antioxidants. Today, it has become imperative to investigate natural antioxidants that are effective in combating degenerative diseases. Although it is well known that vascular plants are a natural antioxidant source, there is very little data about other plant groups, especially bryophytes. The bryophytes are the oldest land plants, rich in secondary metabolites, with high adaptability to abiotic and biotic stresses. It is thought that bryophytes are rich sources of antioxidants and their usage should increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by progressive neuronal degeneration in specific locations of the central nervous system. The organisms have developed complex antioxidant systems to regulate the effects and eliminate the damage of free radicals, which plays a role in the etiology of many neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress is thought to play a pathophysiological role in PD. In this study, it was aimed to explore the role of dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis as an oxidative stress marker in PD pathophysiology as well as its relation with the characteristics of the disease. Material and Method: The study was conducted with 36 PD patients and 22 healthy individuals. Total Thiol (TT) (μmol/L) and Native Thiol (NT) (μmol/L) were measured, total thiols were mea- sured, and thiol/disulfide balance was detected as a new oxidative marker. Results: NT values were found lower in PD group (p<0.05). NT and TT levels were found in (-) relation with UPDRS scores similar to TT level relation with H-Y stage (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on these findings indicating that thiol-disulfide homeostasis is disrupted in favor of the oxidative process, the importance of this mechanism in both PD pathophysiology and progress can be emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Healthy life is sustained by maintaining the balance between oxidative and antioxidant homeostasis in the living organism. During oxidation process free radical products lead to cellular damage and death. It is well known that oxidative stress plays role in the etiology of many diseases. We aimed to study the relationship between oxidative stress and short term fasting by measuring the serum levels of ischemia modified albumin, thiol, and disulphide in pediatrics patients admitted for radiological imaging. Material and Method: Our study was carried out between April and November 2018. We included children between 6 months and 6 years. Children who were fasting for more than 5 hours were assigned as the study group. Children who were not fasting were assigned as the control group. Serum ischemia modified albumin, thiol and disulfide were calculated using the colorimetric method of Erel's. Results: In the study group, the mean± SD serum level of ischemia modified albumin, native thiol, total thiol and disulphide were 0.72± 0.12 ABSU, 559.15± 58.98 μmol/L, 606.83± 61.35 μmol/L and 23.83± 5.58 μmol/L respectively. In the control group, the mean ± SD serum level of ischemia modified albumin, native thiol, total thiol and disulphide were 0.77± 0.15 ABSU, 528.80± 54.45 μmol/L, 580.17± 63.41 μmol/L and 25.68± 8.07 μmol/L respectively. The disulphide /native thiol and disulphide / total thiol ratios were lower in the study group than the controls, but there were no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Short term fasting does not change serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and dose not lead to inbalance in the oxidative stress hemeostasis in pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Watermelons (Citrullus lanatus) that are known to be beneficial to human health are widely consumed. The study was performed out to investigate the phytochemical components, free radical scavenging activities and nutritive contents of the outer and inner shells of C. lanatus. For this purpose, the study was determined the total flavonoid/phenolic content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract prepared from outer and inner shells. The antioxidant activity was determined by in vitro experimental method, such as CUPRAC, DPPH, FRAP and potassium thiocyanate method. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in outer and inner shell of C. lanatus were found to be 40.5 and 32.4 mg GAE g-1 and 12.6 and 5.8 mg QE g-1, respectively. The concentration of ethanol extract obtained from C. Lanatus outer and inner shell (20 µg/mL) has inhibition of maximum lipid peroxidation in rate % 73.2 and % 72.0 respectively compared to that of α-Tokoferol (% 85.3) at the same concentration. As a result, the outer and inner shells have metal reduction capacity and moderate free radical removal activity and also inhibited the lipid peroxidation process. Therefore, C. Lanatus's especially the outer shell may have a natural ingredient that acts as radical scavengers, inhibits or delays the oxidation and prolongs the shelf life of nutrients by delaying the lipid peroxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorine is a highly reactive chemical element and a member of halogen family. Fluorides entry into the organism and cells that increases the production of superoxide. Superoxide generates hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, and hydroxyl radicals, and plays a decisive role at the relationship between fluorine and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increase in ROS causes oxidative damage in lipid, protein, and DNA molecules. As a result of contact with fluoride, an increase in gene expression levels encoding stress related response factors in the body, signal transduction compounds, and apoptosis related proteins occurs. Assessment of these effects at the cellular level of fluor is important in terms of suggesting a new solution to the problem of fluorosis in Turkey. Fluoride levels were determined in water, soil, plant and sheep urine, tooth, bone samples in the areas of Ağrı, Van, Muğla, Eskişehir, Kırşehir, Çorum, Ankara, Hatay in Turkey. Results were evaluated to find out fluor toxicosis. In this review, the effect of fluoride in the living organism is addressed at cellular level, and the effect of fluoride on free radicals, ROS and oxidative stress formation is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate free radicals produced after gamma irradiation of carvedilol, the drug used in the treatment of cardiovascular, at 295 Kelvin. While unirradiated powder samples of carvedilol do not exhibit any EPR signal, irradiated samples exhibited a sharp and clear EPR signal. After the irradiation of the samples with gamma rays, EPR signal intensities were increased significantly based on the irradiation dose. Mathematical functions and correlation coefficients were calculated determining the relation between the increasing radiation doses on the signal intensities of the sample. The results were found to be in good agreement with the existing literature data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Bu çalışma Endonezyada ki propolis ekstratlarının, metisiline Dirençli Staphylococcus aureus" lara (MRSA) yönelik antibakteriyal ve antioksidatif aktivitelerini tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Materyal ve Metod: Antioksidan aktivitesi DPPH radikali ve H2O2 giderme metodu kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. MRSA'ya yönelik antibakteriyel aktivite ise Kirby Bauer agar diffusion yöntemi kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Bulgular: Konsantrasyon %100-%15.525 iken Vitamin C'nin DPPH radikalini giderme aktivitesi; etanolün, n-hexane ve etil asetat ekstratlarının aktivitesinden daha yüksektir. Konsantrasyon %7.8125 iken etanol ekstraktının DPPH radikalini giderme aktivitesi %37.170, n-hexane'ın aktivitesi %38,310, etil asetatın aktivitesi %36.807"dir. H2O2 giderme aktivitesi üç propolis ekstratında, Vitamin C ye nazaran daha yüksektir (%86.642), öyle ki 7,813 ug / mL 'lik bir n-hexane fraksiyonunun giderme aktivitesi %94.925, etanol ekstraktının ki % 94.617 ve etil asetat fraksiyonunun ki %87.608"dir. Etanol ekstraktının oranı 500 ug/mL olan propolis, maksimum total fenol seviyesine sahiptir (%59.1250). Etanol ve etil aseteat fraksiyonları üç tip bakterinin hepsinide inhibe edebilirler. Etanol fraksiyonu S. aureus ve B. subtilis' in sadece gelişmesini inhibe edebilir. N-hexane üç tip bakterinin hiçbirini inhibe edemez. Etanol ve etil asetat için minimum inhibitor konsantrasyonu (MIC) değerleri, 2 mm lik inhibisyon bölgesinde %4 (40 mg/mL) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Propolis ekstraktı fenolleri içerir, serbest radikalleri ve H2O2 yi giderebilir, böylece oksidatif stresi engeller. Propolis içinde ki etil asetat fraksiyonu ise etanol ve n-hexane fraksiyonlarından daha fazla olarak antibakteriyel aktiviteye sahiptir. Buna ek olarak propolis ekstraktı, etanol ve etil asetat fraksiyonları MRSA ya karşı antibakteriyeldir.

This study aims at determining the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Indonesian propolis extracts against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH radical and H2O2 scavenging method. Antibacterial activity of propolis extracts against MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was tested using the Kirby Bauer agar diffusion method. At concentration of 100%-15.525%, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of vitamin C is higher than that of the ethanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts. At a concentration of 7.8125%, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the ethanol extract is 37.170 %, n-hexane at 38,310% and ethyl acetate at 36.807%. H2O2 scavenging activities of the three propolis extracts are higher than that of vitamin C (86.642%), in which the scavenging activity for a fraction of 7.813 ug/mL n-hexane is 94.925 %, ethanol extract at 94.617 % and ethyl acetate fraction at 87.608%. Ethanol extract of 500 ug/mL propolis has the highest total phenol level at 59.1250%. Ethanol and ethyl acetate fractions are capable of inhibiting all three types of bacteria. Ethanol fraction is only able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and B.subtilis. N-hexane fraction cannot inhibit all three types of bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts occur at a concentration of 4% (40 mg/mL) with 2-mm inhibition zone. Propolis extract contains phenols and can scavenge free radicals and H2O2 and thus potentially inhibit oxidative stress. Ethyl acetate fraction of propolis has antibacterial activity which is greater than the ethanol and n-hexane fractions. In addition, propolis extract, ethanol fraction and ethyl acetate fraction are antibacterial against MRSA. [Cukurova Med J 2014; 39(2.000): 224-233]

Ischemic stroke appears the third leading cause of mortality and the first cause of disability in developing countries. The relationship between sleep disorders and cerebrovascular risk factors is well defined and there are different mechanisms in pathophysiology. Ischemic stroke affects many pathways, such as hypoxia, increased wakefulness reactions, decreased sleep quality, increased free oxygen radicals, inflammatory mechanisms activation, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Sleep disturbances contribute to stroke pathology through multiple direct or indirect mechanisms. Due to the fact that sleep disorders are among the changeable cerebrovascular risk factors, it is very important to raise awareness about the diagnosis, management and prevention of sleep disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metallothioneins (MT), participating in the stress response, and heavy metalbinding cysteine-rich small proteins. They protect cells the effects from oxidant and electrophilic molecules through sulfur group contents. For the discovery of functions of essential roles undefined MT proteins, studies are ongoing. They were firstly isolated and identified from horse kidney cortex proteins. Today they are present in all living organisms and have been determined to have common characteristics. The vital role of these proteins, such cadmium and mercury connect as the environmental toxic metals and zinc (Zn) and copper as well as the physiological significance of the metals are regulation of ionized forms. In the absorption of Zn, intracellular transport, mobilization, storage and transfer of Zn, which acts as a major regulator of MTs, have a major impact. The MTs have also important role in scavenge of free oxygen radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gamma irradiated recycled high density polyethylene (γ-HDPER) was investigated as a modifier in bitumen by means of the physical and chemical tests. Recycled high density polyethylene (γ-HDPER) was exposed to gamma irradiation to form free radicals on the waste polymer that could provide a chemical bonding. The forming of new free radicals on polymers was observed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The textures of the binders were obtained by means of florescent microscopy. Subsequently, in this study, physical test methods, roll thin film oven (RTFO), pressure aging vessel (PAV), rotational viscosity (RV), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR) tests were conducted on base and modified bitumens. The study shows that γ-HDPER additive improves high temperature performance of bitumen and binder with γ-HDPER can be used a larger temperature range than base bitumen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Karaelmas Science & Engineering Journal / Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi is the property of Karaelmas Science & Engineering Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Foods contain different nutrients needed to our metabolic activity. In addition, some foods may contain different components positive effects on our health. Antioxidants are among these important components. In a balanced diet, antioxidants are very important. Free radicals occur as normal by-products of a healthy body's metabolic processes or with external factors. Antioxidants are molecule that inhibits the oxidation and reduction of other molecules. Antioxidants compounds reduce the harmful effects of free radicals in our body. Natural antioxidants, strengthens the antioxidant defense system is one of the most important elements. Natural antioxidants are substances found in plant or animal tissue. In this review, some foods with antioxidant properties and antioxidant properties of these foods were introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different concentrations of albumin, which has antioxidant characteristics on renal antioxidant levels and renal functions in rats with sepsis. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups. No agent was implemented to Group K. Group S received 30 ml/kg of saline infusion for 90 min, Group A5 received 15 ml/kg of 5% albumin infusion for 90 min and Group A25 received 3 ml/kg of 25% albumin infusion for 45 min. At the end of the 18th hour, bilateral nephrectomy was performed. Blood samples were taken to determine blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and albumin levels. Kidney tissue samples were dissected to measure the levels of free oxygen radicals and antioxidants. Results: Better renal function, higher levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde with lower myeloperoxidase levels were obtained in septic rats following treatment with 2 different concentrations of albumin. In Group A25, blood urea nitrogen and renal glutathione levels were significantly higher than in Group A5. Conclusion: We are of the opinion that the rapid infusion of 25% albumin may prevent or delay the occurrence of renal dysfunction in patients with sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes complications usually occur as a result of the change in the balance of free radicals and antioxidant defense mechanisms. That increase damage in cellular organelles and enzymes, thus lipid peroxidation and insulin resistance increase. Melatonin, is an important neurohormone that due to antioxidant property regulate the functions of various organs. In this study the effects of melatonin on diabetes and its complications was investigated. In many studies beneficial effects have been reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Whey is the liquid part which is responsible for the therapeutic effects of milk. Whey is a product of cheese manufacture and is rich in milk serum proteins. This by-product is powdered and used in the nutritonal industry. In recent years, increasing number of studies clarifying the multiple therapeutic effects of whey have appeared. Its protective effects on free radical damage and anticarcinogenic effects are the major ones among other beneficial effects. In this study, we have investigated preventive effects of whey proteins against lipid and protein oxidation of serum in vitro. We have used whey powder and raw liquid whey in our experiments. We determined their antioxidant effects against lipid and protein oxidation in human serum samples oxidized by CuSO4. Sulfhydryl (-SH) groups of heated and non-heated whey proteins was measured using a modification of the Ellman assay, lipid peroxidation by TBARS and Diene Conjugation methods and protein oxidation by protein carbonly method. Bradford Method was used in protein measurements of samples. In our in vitro experiments, we observed that the reactive sulphydryl group content is related to the antioxidant effects of whey proteins and -SH content of whey powder is higher than in raw milk serum. Therefore, whey powder has a stronger antioxidant effect than raw milk serum [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAAm) has become the most popular member of a class of polymers that exhibits inverse solubility in aqueous solutions. This property is contrary to the solution behavior of most polymers in organic solvents under atmospheric pressure near room temperature. Its macromolecular transition from a hydrophilic to a hydrophobic structure occurs at a temperature which is known as the Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST). This temperature, being a function of the micro-structure of the polymer chains lies between 30°C and 35°C. PNIPAAm has been used in many forms including single chains, macroscopic gels, micro gels, latexes, thin films, membranes, coatings and fibers. Moreover, wide ranges of disciplines have examined PNIPPAm, encompassing chemistry, physics, rheology, biology and photography. PNIPAAm has been synthesized by a variety of techniques. Free radical initiation in organic solvents and aqueous media is only one of these experimental methods. Various initiators and solvents such as potassium persulfate (KPS), Ammonium persulfate (APS), azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN), benzoylperoxide, laurylperoxide and water, methanol, benzene, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), respectively, have been used in free radical polymerization produced in organic solvents and in aqueous media.Redox polymerization of NIPAAm typically uses APS or KPS as the initiator and either N,N,N',N' tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) as the accelerator. In this study, taking into account the above literature results, we have attempted to investigate the effect of initiator type and concentration, hydrophobic and ionizable comonomers, and synthesis-solvent composition on the swelling behaviour of NIPAAM gels. For this purpose, NIPAAM gels, initiated with two different initiator concentrations, in water, and NIPAAM/DMI (dimethyl itaconate) and NIPAAM/IA and NIPAAm/monoesters of IA copolymer gels in water/methanol mixtures and 1,4-dioxane were synthesized and their volume phase transitions were examined. Conventional swelling theory is used to characterize the interactions between the polymer and solvent molecules. Monoitaconates containing methyl, butyl, octyl and cetyl groups were synthesized. The copolymers containing these monoitaconates, IA and DMI were obtained by free-radical solution polymerization of NIPAAm. Hydrogels composed of NIPAAm, BIS, vinyl terminated poly(dimethyl siloxane) (VTPDMS) (commercial product) and IA as hydrophobic monomer, hydrophilic crosslinker, hydrophobic crosslinker and weakly ionizable comonomer, respectively, were prepared to investigate the effect of hydrophobic component, i.e., VTPDMS on the compression moduli of the samples attained equilibrium swollen state in distilled-deionized water at 25°C.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gokalp Education Faculty / Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gokalp Education Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Apium graveolens Linn. (Apiaceae), grows widely in the foothills of North-Western Himalayas and the outlying hills of Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. Celery (Apium graveolens) is one of the most well known plants used in the history of mankind as a medicament or spice. Celery seeds are reported to possess carminative, diuretic aphrodisiac, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. Celery seeds have been used for medicinal purposes as rheumatoid arthritis, bronchitis, dropsy and asthma. Because of essential oils have been discovered to have many functional properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, many research groups are focusing their investigation in the pharmacological actions. Free radicals, which have one or more uncoupled electrons, are produced in normal or pathological cell metabolism. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are various forms of activated oxygen which including superoxide anion radicals (O2 . -) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) as well as non-free radical species hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the singlet oxygen (¹O2 ). The generation of ROS beyond the antioxidant capacity of a biological system gives rise to oxidative stress. Free radical oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, inflammation and cancer. The present study was designed to determine chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oil, obtained by using a Clevenger distillation apparatus of Apium graveolens Linn. (Apiaceae) seeds. The antioxidant activities were determined by using four complementary in vitro assays; inhibition of oxygen radicals such as hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide and stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The chemical composition of the essential oil from celery seeds was analyzed by GC-MS and resulted in the identification of 19 compounds, representing 96.54% of the total oil; d-limonene (87.10%), α- terpinolene (2.87%), 2-α-pinene (1.55%) and pcymen (1.19%) were the major components. It was determined that essential oil of Apium graveolens Linn. (Apiaceae) seeds, scavenging hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generated by Fe3+-ascorbate- EDTA-H2O2 system. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of essential oil greater than BHT and curcumin, which used positive standarts. Because the ascorbic acid was in a experiment of hydroxyl radical environment, it was not used as a positive standard in hydroxyl radical scavenging inhibition. Curcumin's hydroxyl radical scavenging activity have greater than BHT. Essential oil and positive standards have been found to scavenged superoxide radicals (O2 . -) generated by a xanthine and xanthine oxidase system.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lallemantia canescens (L) Fisch & Mey has spread out in wide location of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey. The aim of the present work was to assay the antioxidant activities of fresh Lallemantia canescens and methanol extract, in addition in vitro callus tissue culture and callus tissue culture methanol extracts of Lallemantia canescens. BHT, curcumin and ascorbic acid was used as positive standards. It was determined that all the Lallemantia canescens examples scavenge hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generated by Fe3+-ascorbate-EDTA-H2O2 system. When the examples hydroxyl radical scavenging properties were examined based on IC50 which scavenging concentration %50 of the hydroxyl radical, it was found that decreases as plant methanol extract> fresh plant>callus tissue culture>callus tissue culture methanol extract respectively. It was seen that all examples had lower hydroxyl radical scavenging properties than the curcumin being used as a positive control. Whereas the other positive control BHT was found to have a lower hydroxyl radical scavenging properties than the fresh plant and plant methanol extract, but a higher scavenging property than the callus tissue culture and callus tissue culture methanol extract. Because the askorbic acid was in a experiment of hydroxyl radical environment, it was not used as a positive standard in hydroxyl radical scavenging inhibition When the DPPH radicals reducing properties were examined based on the IC50 values it was found that all the Lallemantia canescens examples reduced the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); plant methanol extract>fresh plant>callus tissue culture methanol extract>kallus tissue culture, respectively. It was seen that the ascorbic acid which of the positive control, has a higher DPPH radical reducing activity than all the examples. Curcumin had a higher than all examples except plant methanol extract whereas BHT had a lower than all examples except for the callus tissue culture, DPPH radical reducing properties. Plant methanol extract and callus tissue culture methanol extract have been found to both scavenged superoxide radicals (O2- ) generated by a xanthine and xanthine oxidase system and Fe(II) induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenates, as indicated by decreased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) formation.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of our study is the investigation of possible changes in free radical-antioxidant balance in acute leukemias. Material and Methods: In this study, we have investigated 21 acute leukemia patients and 22 healthy volunteers for the control group. Among the acute leukemia patients; 10 of them as AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia), 8 of them as ALL (Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia), and 3 of them have been diagnosed as MDS (myelodysplastic syndrome). Catalase activity for the antioxidant property and MDA (malondialdehyde) concentration for the free radical level of all collected blood samples were analyzed. Data obtained for each group were analyzed statistically using SPSS-10 software and groups were compared employing Mann-Whitney U Test. Results: The MDA levels in acute leukemia patients have been found to be increased, but the catalase levels found to be significantly decreased compared to controls. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that acute leukemia has increased the free radical and decreased antioxidant levels and as a result free radical-antioxidant balance has been impaired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]